CA1170191A - Multi-purpose vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

ABSTRACT
A VEHICLE HAVING WORM AND WORM-GEAR STEERING
A vehicle having four-wheel steering has four wheels each pivotally mounted about a generally vertical axis for steering movement, a worm-gear respectively being mounted on the shaft supporting the wheel assembly, each worm-gear having a worm respectively associated therewith, two worms being provided on each of two worm-shafts respectively, a chain passing round sprockets provided on the shafts and round a sprocket mounted on a steering column, each worm-gear comprising a gear segment mounted on the associated shaft so that its centre of curvature is offset from the shaft axis for producing a differential rate of rotation of the worm-gear shaft with respect to rotation of the worm shaft, the arrangement being such that the inside wheels on turning a corner move through a greater angle than the outside wheels, to ensure proper tracking; the vehicle described may be in the form of a multi-purpose vehicle having four wheel drive and steering, suitable for use inter alia as a tractor or may have a steering arrange-ment to effect steering of one pair of wheels only.

Description

9~

A VEHICLE HAVING WORM AND WORM-GEAR STEERING

This invention generally relates to a vehicle having worm and worm-gear steering. Specific embodiments of this invention relate to such a vehicle having four-wheel drive and steering suitable for use as a multi-purpose vehicle.
I provide in accordance with this invention, a vehi-cle having at least two steered wheel assemblies operated by a worm and worm-gear steering arrangement, comprising a steering axle, at least one pair of longitudinally extend-ing shafts, each shaft having at least one worm mounted thareon, means operatively connecting the steering axle to ~'7~

the a-t least one pair of longitudinally extending shafts for rotating each of the shafts in a common direction of rotation upon rotation of the steering axle; each worm engaging a respective worm-gear means, -the worm-gear means being mounted in an off-set manner on a vertical pivotal member, -the pivotal member being part of a wheel assembly of the vehicle, the pivotal member being rotatably mounted in a respective leg post member of -the vehicle; and hous-ing means holding each worm and worm-gear means in meshing engagement; the laterally adjacent worms being threaded in opposite directions.
Preferably, the worm and gear steering arrangement includes two longitudinally extending shafts, each longi-tudinally extending shaft having two worms mounted thereon lS adjacent opposite ends thereof, each worm engaging a re-spective worm-gear means, each worm-gear means being mounted on a respective vertical pivotal member for rotat-ing two wheel assemblies mounted on one side of the vehi cle.
~ preferred form of multi-purpose vehicle of this invention has four spaced-apart substantially vertically extending leg post members, each leg post member being adapted to support a respective wheel pivotally mounted for steering movement, and each leg post member being rigidly interconnected between one of two spaced-apart longitudinally extending frame members and one of two spaced-apart transversely extending frame members, at least three of the frame members being of torsionally resilient construction, whereby vertical movements of the leg post members are absorbed by the torsionally resilient frame members without permanent deformation -thereof. ~11 of the frame members may be torsionally resilient, and may be in the form of channel members, the channels in which face and open into the in-terior of the vehicle frame.
Mos-t advantageously, the vehi.cle o~ this invention ~'7~3 ~9~

may be provided with a towing hitch arrangement which com-prises a -tow bar supporting member secured to each of the longitudinally extending frame members, each tow bar sup-porting member having a vertical wall portion formed with spaced-apart openings along the le:ngth thereof, a tow bar having at least one pair of arms of V-shape formation in plan view, the free ends of said arms being p.ivo-tally se-cured in selected openings in each said two bar supporting member, and means proximate the juncture of said V-shaped formation for enabling selective loading of said vehicle.
By virtue of the manner in which the hitch is slung below the vehicle body, a vehicle according to the present inven-tion does not have to carry the necessary heavy weight transported by a conventional farm trac-tor in order to achieve -the necessary -traction and to do the work re-quired.
Moreover, by virtue of the improved trac-tion ob-tained with such a vehicle it can be lighter in weight than conventional tractors. Thus, a preferred embodiment of multi-purpose vehicle of this invention may possess one or more of the Eollowing advantages:
l. less fuel consumption for operating the vehicle which, when empty, weighs approximately 500 lbs.;

2. decreased soil compaction compared to that ob-tained with conventional tractors. Soil com-paction should be avoided to ensure air circu-lation for soil micro-organisms and to permit adequate circulation and drainage of water;

3. the vehicle is relatively inexpensive to manu-facture since component parts may be mass pro-duced and readily assembled;

4. by employing four vertical axles and wheels at the four corners of the rectangular frame a relatively high ground clearance is obtained, 1~'71~

for example in excess of 30 inches. With such clearance the vehicle can go over boulders and stumps and the wheels themselves can go over large boulders and logs. Further, as a result of the high point of impact, my vehicle can push down ancl pass over bushes and small trees without injuring them or the vehicle. A verti-cal-axle-wheel unit is disclosed in my U.S.
Patent ~os. 3,689,101 and 3,822,757;

5. the cen-tre of gravity of the vehicle is below the tops of the wheels of the vehicle;

6. apart from its use as a farm vehicle, the vehi-cle according to the present invention may also be employed in cranberry bogs, rice paddies and other flooded-field agricultural applications not generally mechanized at present. The vehi-cle may also be used in forested areas where selective logging is presently done by hand, since no mechanical device can penetrate the rows and remove trees without serious ecologi-cal aamage. Thus, the vehicle may be used as a means of transportation over rough -territory and through marshy areas;

7. the need for spring suspension assemblies or shock absorbers are avoided because the frame of my vehicle is torsionally resilient;

8. gear trains are not required in the transmis-sion of my vehicle, belts and pulleys being used for this purpose with each of a pair of belts driving two wheels on one side of the vehicle. Speed variation is obtained by sel-ecting belt pairs associated with different size pulleys;

9. a mechanical brake is not required since power transmission in my vehicle is controlled by a 1~'7Vl9l 1,1 pair of tensloning pulley arms supporting a 1¦
tens-ion pulley moved into or O~lt of engage-ment with the belts interconnecting driving 1, and driven pulleys of the power transmission.

10. reverse drive of t:he vehicle is possible by merely crossing one pair of be:Lts between the driven and guide pulleys.

11. a cable tensioning and actuating assembly is j made possible compared to that described in my U.S. Patent 3,669,466.
,,

12. an improved four-wheel steering arrangement is made possible using worm gears and worms ,, associated with each wheel assembly. i'

13. by virtue of its basic design, my vehicle can also be used as an amphibious transpor~er 'j which incorporates the four-wheel drive and ~!
four-wheel steering above referred to. As such, the vehicle can be utilized for carry-ing cargo and can be employed in almost any i seaport or beach facility, thus converting ,, any potential seaport to a container port. .!
The amphibious transporter can either be towed through the water or can be self-propelled.
Further objects and advantages of the invention !
will be apparent from the following disclosure taken in conjunction wlth the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIGURE 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment ;
of the frame construction for the vehicle according to the present invention, illustrating in phantom an ex- l' treme flexing of the frame members upon upward movement !
of one of the support tubes for a wheel assembly;
FIGURE 2 is a side elevation of one embodiment of the improved vehicle according to the present invention, .1 .l -6- ~

illustrating one of the two positions of the tow bar in phantom and the other in solid line;
FIG~RE 3 is a plan view of one side of the vehicle according to Figure 2, partially broken away to illus~
trate the mounting of one embodiment of the tow bar to the vehicle, and illustrating in phantom positions of the wheels and tow bar while executing a turn;
FIGURE 3A, which appears in the third sheet of dra~ings, is a perspective view of a further embodiment ,~
10 of the tow bar according to the present invention for ~;
use in association with a four-wheel or front wheel drive vehicle; ll FIGURE 4 is a plan view of the embodiment of the .
improved vehicle according to Figure 2, brolcen away to 15 illustrate the arrangement of the cable steering and .' belt transmission for the vehicle; but ornitting details ', of the actuating mechanisms for the belt transmission .
in order to simplify the drawing; .
FIGURE 4A, which appears in the first sheet of ;
drawings, is a partial vertical section of one embodi-ment of the outer left arm of the T-shaped subframe, the !
arm of the subframe being rigidly connected to the lower , flange of a side rail channel member;
FIGURE S is a side view of a diagrammatic of one embodiment of the improved belt transmission;
FIGURE 5A is an enlarged perspective view of one embodiment of the unidirectional locking device accord-ing to the present invention, illustrating the operation .
thereof;
FIGURE SB is a vertical section taken along the lines V-V of Figure S;
FIGURE 6 is a perspective view illustrating one embodiment of the belt transmission and the actuating mechanisms therefor;
FIGURE 6A is an enlarged perspective view of one 11'7~191 `
embodiment of the knuckel linkage actuating mechanism;
FIGURE 6B is an enlarged perspective view of oneembodiment of the shifter plate mechanism;
FIGURE 6C which appears in the sixth sheet of drawings, is a perspective view of one em~odiment of the emergency braking system;
FIGURE 6D is a vertical section of the shifting lever and car.l lock mechanism;
FIGURE 7 is a perspective view of one corner of one embodiment of the frame of t~e vehicle, including a wheel assembly and a timber hitch;
FIGURE 8 is a plan view of one embodiment of the improved cable tensioning and actuating assembly mounted on a portion of a steering column;
FIGURE 9 is a vertical section taken along the line IX - IX of Figure S;
FIGURE 10 is an enlarged end view of onP side of one embodiment of the vehicle according to ~igures 2 to 4, broken away to illustrate the mounting of the side panels relative to the floor of the vehicle;
FIGURE ll is a front view of the improved vehicle showing banking thereof when e~ecuting a turn or operat-ing on a sloped sur.face; ¦ :
FIGURE 12 is a top perspective view of one embodi-ment of the vehicle according to the pr~sent invention;
FIGURE 13 is a plan view illustrating one embodi-ment of the steering arrangem~nt utilizing worm gears and worms associated with each wheel assembly;
FIGURE 13A is a section taken along the line XIII~
XIII of Figure 13;
FIGURE 14 is a plan view of one embodiment of the improved vehicle according to the present invention for use as an amphibious transporter;
FIGURE 14A is an enlarged plan view of one embodi-ment of the arrangement for securing the floation cellsto the frame of the transporter;

'~, ` ' . 1~

FIGURE 15 is a side view of the ernbodiment of the transporter according to Figure 14, partly broken away to illustrate the interior constructi.on of the transpor-ter; and FIGURE 16 is a rear view of the vehicle o Figure

14.

One embodiment of the ~proved vehicle according to the present invention is designated generally in Figures 2 to 4, ll and 12 by reference number 20. The vehicle has an outer body construction comprising side panels 22 and 24 which are separated from and do not, during operation o~ the vehicle, contact a front panel or cowl 26, there being a clearance 25 therebetween.
~s best seen in Figure 10, each of the side panels 22 and 24 have an inw&rdly directed U-shaped channel 27 secured to a lower outer edge thereof, the U-shaped ¦
channels extending nearly the entire l~ngth of the side panels. The U-shaped channels 27 slidably engage a floor panel 2~ which is secur~d by bolts or similar fasteners to the frame of the vehicle, whereby the U-shaped channels are free to move longitudinally relative to the floor 28 of the vehicle. In order to limit noise due to the sliding action of the side panels relative to the floor, a plywood sheet can be utilized for the floor panel 28. Inner edges of the rear end of each side panel 22 and 24 are secured to mountlng brackets 30 mounted on rear rail members of~the frame, the side panels having rigid outwardly projecting members which slide through openings in the brackets 30 and are releasably engaged by releasing clips 31 which are pivotally secured to the frame for pivoting into and out of locking engagement with the portions of the proJecting members extending through the openings in the brackets 30. The mounting of the side panels 22 and 24 on the frame of the vehicle by means of clips allows the body to flex with the frame g without permanent distortion as the twisting action of the rail members forming the frame is readily followed by the side panels 22 and 24. The body of the vehicle also includes a tailgate 32 which is secured by means of a hinge 33 to a rear rail ~ember of the frame, the tail-gate 32 being easily lowered to a step position 32l, as shown in phantom in Figure 2, in which position the tail-gate is situated against the rear frame tubes and pro-vides easy access to the rear o the vehicle. The cowl 26 is attached forward at three points and, as in the case of the side panels, is able to flex with the rame.
Further, the space between the cowl and the side panels can be seen to change with the frame flexing, ample clearance 25 being left permits this to take place. By removing the cowl 26, the motor, clutch and steering mechanisms for the vehicle are exposed. Similarly, re-moving the side panels, the drive mechanism o-F the ve-hicle is exposed.
As seen in Figure 12, ~he vehicle also includes seats S which are pivotally hinged by means of rods R
secured to the seats S, the rods R being angled forward-ly and inwardly relative to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and being pivotally mounted in brackets B secur-ed to the floor of the vehicle. In this way, each seat can be tilted toward the center of the vehicle so that the seat back passes immediately behind the other.
thereby facilitating access to the rear of the vehicle or from the rear of the vehicle to the seats S. Since the seats S are mounted on a floor secured to a T-shaped sub-frame 34, as described below, flexing o the veh~cle 20is not transferred to the seats S.
The T-shaped sub-frame 34 comprises an open-able top housing for supportin~ a multiple belt trans-mission 36, together with the belts and pulleys for transferring powe~ from the`driven pulleys o the trans-mission to the individual wheels of the vehicle. The 1~'7~191 ~1 -10- ,~

T-shaped sub-frame comprises a bottom wall 3~ which is ¦
substantially T-shaped in plan vi~w, a back wall ~0, "
outer front walls 42, inner side walls 44, outer side 1¦
walls 46, and an open front end ~8. Each of the waLls 5 extends at right angles to the T-shaped bottom wall 38. ., The inner side walls 44 are secured to the rear wall 40 l and extend forwardly therefrom the length of the sub- f frame 34. Further, the inner side walls 4~ are parallel ~
to the o'uter side walls 46 and at right angles to the ~!
10 rear wall 40 and outer front walls 42.
The T-shaped sub-frame 34 is connected adja-cent the outer ends of the bottom wall 38 to longitudin-ally extending si~e rails 50 and 52 of the framel at lo-cations 60 and 62 respectively, these connections being

15 either rigid or rotatable. The loca~ions 60 and 62 are either at the bottom or the top of the side rail members 50 and 52. The front end of the T-frame 34 is flexibly secured to a front rail 56 of the frame at a locatlon 64.
In addition to supporting the transmission 36, the T-20 shaped sub-frame 3~ supports the engine ~ which, by way of examplej can comprise an eight-horsepower, four- ~, cycle, Briggs and Stratton En~ine, the engine having sufficient power to drive the vehicle up or down slopes in excess of 40, traversing rough country, pulling 25 half-ton logs up and down slopes and plou~hing.
Referring to Figures 1 and 7~ opposite ends of the side rails 50 and 52 are secured to post or support tubes 54a, 54b, 54c and 54d for the wheel assemblies. The frame also includes front rail 56 and a rear rall 58, 30 opposite ends of which are like~ise connected to the support tubes. The rails can be connected to the post tl tubes by welding or can be secured thereto by means of ¦
frame brackets mounted on the support tubes which are 1, releasably secured to the side, front and rear rail mem-35 ber.s by means of bolts or si~ilar fasteners~ The rail 11'7~191 members forming the frame are channel or U-members, I
angle members or I-beam sections, or built-up truss ¦
members, the main constraint on the configuration of the members being that they are capable of absorbing torsion-5 al forces applied thereto without permanent distortion ~l of the frame. ¦
The points of attachment 60, 62 and 64 of the ,!
T-shaped sub-frame 34 to the main frame are situated at or near points of minim~l flexure of the frame or rail members 50, 52, 56 and 58. However, the location of the point 64 could likewise be approxima~eLy mid~ay along the length of the rear rail member 58 and still provide a mounting for the T-shaped sub-fra,ne 34 which is sub-stantially free of flexing of the rail members forming the frame. By so mounting the T-shaped sub-frame 34, flexin~ of the main frame does not interfere with the pr.imary drive alignment, so that the latter rnay be rigid-ly installed.
Figure 1 illustrates in phantom an extreme flexing of the frame members upon upward or downward rnovement of one of the support tubes 54 for a wheel assembly. As seen in Figure 1, the side rails 50 and 52, and the front rail 56 assume positions 50', 52l and 56' illustrated in phantom, the front left support tube 54a assuming a rais-ed position 54a', likewise illustrated in phantom. Uponupward movement of the support tube 54a to position 54a', the side rail 52 absorbs the sLress by torquing in the direction of arrow 68, as does the side rail 50. A
similar torquin~ action is present in the front and rear rail members 56 and 58. The angle A between the rail members and the support tubes remains constant due to the fixed attachment of the side rails to the support tubes. By utilizing a flexible frame construction such as that described, the frame is capable of absorbing up-ward and down~ard movements of the support tubes 54 of 11'7~19 " -12-I
a distance approximately 1/4 of the length of the shortest dimension of the frame, that is, l/4 of the length of the front and rear raiL members 56 and 58.
By way of example, if the front rail member were four feet in length, the frame would absorb either an upward or do~nward vertical movement of either of the front support tubes 54a and 5~b of approximately 12 inches.
As best seen in Figures 2 and 3, the vehicle 20 includes a tow bar 68, the tow bar being shown in phan-tom in Figure 2 in its raised or full-operating posi-tion, as indicated by reference numeral 68'. The low figure position shows a tongue load supported by a chain 76 which serves as a selective means for loading the ve-hicle by becoming slack as a heavy pull is applied,trans-ferring the tongue load forward to the connection points72 and thus to the front wheels 272 and 2~4. The tow bar 68 comprises a V-shaped bar, outer free ends oE
which are pivotally secured to secondary rail men-bers 69 and 70 by means of fasteners 72, whereby the tow bar 68 is free to move in a vertical plane. The secondary raiL members 69 and 70 are inwardly facing channel mem-bers secured to lower surfaces of the side rail mem~ers 50 and 52 respectively, and extend almost the length of the side rail members. Opposite ends of the secondary rail members include lower lip portions 71 ~see Fig. 7) to assist in introducing the free ends o the V-shaped bar into engagement with the rail members 69 and 70. The ends of the V-shaped bar can be secured to the secondary rail members at various locations along the length there-of, openings 74 being provided in the secondary railmembers 69 and 70 to accommodate the positioning of the tow bar at a desired location along the lengths thereof.
Selective loading means, such as a chain 76,attach-es the V-shaped bar to the frame of the vehicle, the chain limitlng the downward travel of the bar. When the I

-13~

tow bar is bein~ used to pull a trailer or carts with a tongue load, the weight is taken by- the chain 76, the propulsive forces being supplied by the tow bar. When obstacles or heavy ground are traversed, the tensioning 5 of the tow bar releases the weight on the chain 76 which is, in turn, transferred at an angle to the front wheels, as well as to the rear wheels. The length o the tow bar 68 and the position of the chain 76 can be regulated for any combination of loads and pcsitions desired. Even 10 when the chain 76 is taut, some of the load is transfer- 7 red forward. Further, attaching a work load at a proper angle adds to the effective vehicle weight and increases the traction without undue fuel consumption or ground compaction.
According to a further embodiment of the tow bar as shown in Figure 3~, the same is constructed such that all tongue loads are transferred to the points where the tow bar is pivotally connec~ed to the frame of the ve-hicle. This assures that a greater percentage of the 20 vertical component of the load being drawn by the ve-hicle is transferred to the front wheels of the vehicle, more so than in the embodiment of the tow bar shown in Fi~ures 2 and 3.
In ~his embodiment, ~he tow bar 502 comprlses ~wo pairs of arm members 504, 504' and 506, 506', the mem-bers 504, 504' diverging a~ay from a point of a`ttach-ment 500 of the tow bar to the vehicle frameby way of the openings 74 in the rail m~I~ers (69, 70~ and being connected to opposite ends of a vertical pin 508.
Likewise, the members 506, 506' diverge from a point of attachment 500' ~f the tow bar to the vehicle frame and are likewise securely attached to opposite ends of a vertical pin 508. Pin S08 provides a bearing surface for a housing 510 which is pivotal in a horizontalplane about the pin 508 and at right angles thereto. The hous-ine 510 has a rearwardly directed receiving portion ~12 '7~ ~ 9 to permit the reception of a bar SL4 whlch connects an implement or other load being ~owed by the vehicle to the housing 510. A connection means re~easably connects the bar 514 in position in the housing 510 in such a manner that the bar is rotatable about a longitudinal axis thereof, as indicated by the double arro~ 515 in the Figure.
By utilizing the arrangement described above, the tow bar is able to absorb movements in three directions of rotation, about a longitudinal axis of the bar 514, about a longitudinal axis of the pin 508, and about an axis of a line connecting the points of attachment 500, 500' of the tow bar to the frame. Thus, this arrange-ment permits roll, yaw and pitch actions, while trans-mitting all tongue loads to the points 500, S00', thusallowing for selective loading o the wheels of the vehicle as desired.
As indicated previously, a multiple-belt trans-mission 36 is mounted in the T-shaped sub-frame 34. As best seen in Figures 4 to 6, the belt transmission com-prises six V-belts 78, 80, 82, 84, 86 and 88, the V-belts being mounted on respective drive pulleys 90 and driven pulleys 92, 92' and being supported and held in alignment intermediate the drive pulleys and the driven pulleys by idler or guide pulleys 94. The drive pulleys 90 are mounted on an axle 91, the axle 91 being com~on with the crankshaft of the engine E. Alternatively, - the axle 91 may be rotatably mounted at opposite ends thereof in the inner side walls 44 of the T-shaped sub-frame 34, ln which case the axle 91 is indirectly con-nected to the crankshaft of the engine E~- Li~ewise, the guide pulleys 94 are mounted on an axle 95, opposite ends of which are likewise rotatably mounted in the in-ner side walls 44 of the T-shaped sub-frame 34.
The six V-belts comprise three sets of belts: 78 .

l `-'~ 1, ~'7LD.~l -15- '.
, . .
84; 80, 86; and 82, 88. The first two sets of belts 78, 84 and 80, 86 provide two different forward speeds ofthe vehicle, and the third set of belts 82, 88 provide re-verse movelnent for the vehicle. The three V-belts 78, 80 and 82 drive the wheels on the left side of the ve-hicle 2`0, as viewed in the forward operation o the ve-hicle, while the V-belts 84, 86 and 88 drive the wheels on the right side of the vehicle.
Selective tensioning of the different V-belts or pairs of V-belts is achieved ~y a pair of tensioning pulleys 96 and 96', the tensioning pulley 96 being as-sociated and adapted to engage the V-belts 78, 80 and 82, while the tensioning pulley 96' is positioned so as to engage the V-belt 84, 86 and 88. The close proximity , of the guide pulleys 94 to the drive pulleys gO increas-es the amount of tensioning possible by the tensioning pulleys 96 and 96', which engage the V-belts at loca- ¦, tions between the drive pulleys and the guide pulleys.
Each of the tensioning pulleys 96 and 96' is of identi-20 cal construction, comprising a pulley rotatably mounted on a respective axle 98 and 981, the axles being mounted adjacent the free ends of respective tensioning pulley arms 100 and 100'.
The V-belts 82 and 88 are crossed between the 25 guide pulleys 94 and the driven pulleys 92 in order to permit the vehicle to operate in a reverse directiQn when the belts 82 and 88 are tensioned.
The V-belts 82 and 88, being crossed, are twisted ' and therefore do not tend to straighten out to the same 30 extent as the remaining V-belts when not belng engaged 5 by the tensioning pulleys 96 and 96' respectively. ~s a result, there is the possibility that the crossed -belts 82 and 88 will continue to rotate with the driven pulleys 92, when the latter are driven to operate the 35 vehicle in a forward directio~, d e to ndecired ,

-16-engagement o~ the twistecl belts wLth the grooves of the respective driven pulleys. Xn order to restrict this undesired continued movement of ~he twisted belts 82 and 8~, a pair of eccentrically mounted unidirectional locking devices 102 (F~g. 5A~ are pxovided.
With the arrangement describecl,when the V-belts 82 and 88 are tensioned by tensioning pulleys 96 and 96', the belts rotate the driven pulleys 92, 92' in a counterclockwise direction, as seen in Figure 5, When the tens;oning pulleys are disengaged from these belts, as when the vehicle is driven in a forward direction, the tendency of the belts, if still in contact with the grooves of the driven pulleys 92, 92', is to rotate with the driven pulleys in a clockwise direction due to fric-tional engagement with the pulleys 92, 92', To preventsuch rotation of the belts, the upper runs of the belts 82 and 88 are adapted to actuate respective unldirection-al locking devices 102, as best seen in Figure SA, which pivot on a rod 104 counterclockwise against the V~belts and urge the V-belts against a guide pin 106 restrictïng further movement of the V-belts 82 and 88. This causes the portions of the V-belts 82 and 88 adjacent the driven pulleys 92 to bow outwardly and come to rest against stops 110 placed adjacent the driven pulleys 92, whereby the V-belts 82 and 88 are moved clear of the driven pul-leys. When the V-belts 82 and 88 are next operated in a counterclockwise direction, under action of the tension-ing pulleys g6, 96', to drive the vehicle in reverse, the unidirectional locking devices 102 are pivoted away from the tensioned V-belts, a stop pin 10$ or similar device-limiting the pivotal movement of the devices 102 so that the devices do not rotate 360 and back into en-gagement with the V-belts. Spaced-apart guide pins 109 extending upwardly rom rod 106 assist in belt alignment.
In Figure 6, tensioning pulley arms 100, 100' are .. '~

7~

-17-pi~otally and slidably mounted on a rod 112, opposite ends of which are secured to the side walls of a motor-mounted extension of T-shaped sub-frame 34~ The tension-ing pulley arms are linked together in fixed relative positions by means of a bent plate structure 114, upper mounting support portions 115 of which engage the upper ends of the pivotally m~lti~g tensioning pulley arms 100 and 100'. A lower end of the bent plate mern~er 114 includes mo~mting supports which engage the lower ends of a pair of knuckle linkages 116 and 116', the knuckle link mern~ers having lower ends thereof pivotally and slidably mounted on a rod 118 mounted paralleL to the rod 112 and likewise being secured at opposite ends thereof to the side walls of the sub-frame extension.
Upper ends of the knuckle link members 116, 116' pivot-ally engage respective tensioning pulley arms 100 and 100' at locations partway along the length thereof, `~:
whereby actuation of the knuckle linkages 116 and 116 t effects pivoting of the respective tensioning pulley arms 100 and 100' about the rod 112 and into and out of engagement with the selected V-belts~
Sliding movement'of the bent plate member 114 and the tensioning pulley arms 100, 100' is effected by means of a bent bar member 122 connecting bent plate member 114 to a shifter plate 124, the bar member 122 being con-nected by means of bolts or similar fasteners 123 to an upper surface of the shifter plate 124, as best seen in Figure 6A. The shifter pla~e 124 is sl.idably mounted on a pair of parallel transversely extending shafts 126 and 128 utilizing brackets mounted on the lower s~rface of the plate, the shafts 126 and 128 being rotatably but non-slidably mounted in pillow blocks 129 secured to a base plate 130 (see Fig, 6~ which, in turn, is secured to the T-shaped sub-frame 34, Sliding movement of the shifter place 124 along the shafts 126 and 128 is effected by means of a bar 1?~ '7~
,

-18-member 132, one end of which is pintled to the shifter plate by means of bolts or si.milar fasteners 133 (see Fig. 6A~ and an opposite end of which is connected to one arm of a pivotally-mounted bell-crank member 134. ~e 5 bell-crank member 134 is pivotally mounted about a ver-tical axle 136~ a lower end of which is mounted adj acent the front edge of the bottom wall 38 of the T-shaped sub-frame 34. A second arm of the bell-crank member 134 is connected by means of a rod 140 to a pivotal member 10 142, the pivotal member being secured to one end face of a cam lock 144, an opposite end face of the latter being secured to a side surface of a shifting lever 146, The shifting lever arm 146, cam lock 144 and ' pivotal member 142 are mounted on a shaft 147 secured 15 to the inner side wall of the T-shaped sub-frarne by means of a suitable fastener. An outer end of the shaf~
147 has a threaded end which supports a coil spring 150 thereon, tension in the coil spring 150 being adjusted by means of a nut 152 mounted on the threaded end of 20 the shaft 147, as seen in Figure 6D.
Pivoting of the bell-crank member 134 by rneans of the' rod 140 upon pivoting of the shifting lever 146 initi-ates movement of the bar member 132, thereby advancing the slider plate 124 along the shafts 126 and 128 to 25 the position selected by the shifting lever arm, as de-termined by the operator.
As seen in Fig. 6D, the cam lock 144 has a pair of mating faces intermediate the ends thereof which are separated on rotation of one of the mating faces rela-30 tive to the other which occurs upon actuation of theshifting lever 146. Upon separation of the mating faces of the cam lock 144, the pivot meml~er 142 is moved axially along the support shaft 147 away from the shift-ing lever 146, thereby compressing the coil spring lS0.
35 The iorce in the coil spring lS0 iorces the pivotal 1~7~91 , 19 member 142 back toward the shiting lever, causing the cam lock to return to a position in which thP mating faces are in contact, during which return movement~ the pivotal member 142 is rotated an amount corresponding to the newly-selected position of the shifting lever 146.
In this way, the pivotal member 142 is pivoted on the shaft 147 and correspondingly advances or retracts the rod 140, thereby pivoting the bell-crank member 134 about its vertical axle 136.
In order to permit sliding movement oE the shifter plate 124, the operator must depress both clutch pedals 154 and 156 (see Figs. 6 and 12~ in the vehicle, thereby pivoting respective linkages 158 and 160 rear-wardly. The linkage 158 comprises a pair of link mem-bers 162 and 164 which are pivotally secured together, the latter of which is rigidly secured to the end of the shaft 126. The linkage 160 comprises link members 166 and 168 which are pivotally secured togerher, the latter link member bein~ mounted on the shaft 128. The link members 164 and 168, upon actuatlon of the respective clutch pedals 154 and 1~6, are pivoted into and out of engagement with spaced-apart slots located in adjacent edges of the shifter plate 124. Accordingly, as best seen in Figure 6A, the link member 164 can be brought into or out of engagement with slots 170, 172 or 174.
Between each of the slots 170, 172 and 174 are finger-like projections 176 and 178 having concave ends 180 and 182 corresponding to neutral positions when engaged by the pivotal link member 164. Likewise, the link mem-. 30 ber 168 can be brought into or moved out of engagementwith slots 184, 186 and 188, the slots being separated by finger-like members 190 and 192 having respective concave end portions 194 and 196.
The distance between the slots in the shifter plate corresponds to the distance which the shifter plate must be advanced to permit engagement of the tensionîng 11r7~
. -20-pulleys 96, 96' wlth respec~ive palrs of V-belts, ~Ice both of the clutch pedals 154 and 156 are depressed to the correct degree, movement of the shifter plate i5 ef-fected by the rod 140 connected to the pivotal member 142 through the bell-crank member 134, and vi~ the bar mem ber 132 to the shifter plate 124.
Upon depressing the clutch pedals 154 and 156, rotation of the link members 164 and 168 is effected, thereby roLating the respective shaEts 126 and 128. Op-posite ends of the shafts 126 and 128 include members198 and 200 which are secured respectively thereto. Since the construction of both members 198 and 200 is identi-cal, details thereof will now be described in respect of member 198, as seen in Figure 6B. In particular, the member 198 has an opening therein through which is inserted a boss 202, the latter being secured in posi-tion in the opening in the ~ember 198. The boss 202 has a cylindrical opening extending the length thereof, the cylindrical opening receiving a cylindrical. pin 204 which is pivotally mounted in the cylindrical opening in the boss and extends outwardly beyond both ends of the boss. The pin 204 has a transverse opening adjacent each end thereof, one end opening receiving a threaded end of a rod 208, with adjusting nuts 210 being situated on either side of the opening in the pin 204 for adjust ing the position of the rod. The opening in the other end of the pin 204 receives the threaded end of a hook member 212, the position in the opening in the pin being adjusted by means of a nut 214. An opposite end of the hook member 212 includes a loop portion 216 which slid-ably engages a sleeve 218, the latter being in turn slidably mounted on a pin 220 interconnecting the link members 116a and 116b forming the knuckle linkage 116.
Pivotal movement of the member 198 thererore effects the straightening or collapsing of the knuckle linkage 116, thereby pivoting the tensioning pulley arrn 100 i.nto and '7 out of contact with the respective V-belt. The hooked end 216 slidably and pivotally engages the cylindrical sleeve ~18 to permit the sliding of the knuckle linkage on rod 118 relative to the hook member 212 in response tb shifting of the bent plate 114 by shifter plate 124 upon ac~uation of the shifting lever 146 by the operator.
A return spring 219 connected at one end to pin 204 and at a free end to fixed point 221, returns clutch pedal 154 to its non-depressed position upon release by the operator. An identical return arrangement is provided for pedal 156.
The shifter plate 124 cannot be slid along the shafts 126 and 128 until both of the clutch pedals 154 and 156 are depresse~, whereby the link members 164 and 168 are freed from the slots in ~he shifter plate. As a result, if the shifting lever 146 is moved to a new posi- ~.
tion prior to depressing both of the clutch pedals 154 and 156, the mating faces of the cam lock 144 are separ-ated and remain so(because link members 164, 168 are seated in the slots of shifter plate 124 thereby effec-tively preventing pivo~al movement of the bell-crank mem-ber 134 since bar ~ember 132 cannot in such case move shifter plate 124 along shaft.s 125, 127) until both of the clutch pedals are depressed. Upon depressing both of the clutch pedals, link members 164, 168 are freed from the slots in plate 124 enabling the force of the spring 150 to move the cam lock t~ a position in which the mating faces arP in contact, thereby pivoting pivot-al member 142 as hereinbefore described to a new posi-tion and advancing the shifter plate 124 to permit en-gagement of the slots ~herein by the link members 164 and 168 on return of clutch pedals 156, 158 to theirnor-mal positions. As described above, depressing of clutch pedals 156 and 158 pivots shafts 126 and 128 via link-ages 158 and 160, whereby members 198 and 200 are ro-tated rearwardly so as to collapse knuckle linkages 116, 116', thereby dropp:ing tensioning pulley arms 100, 100' and pulleys 96, 96' out o contact with the V-belts.
Once the shifter plate 124 has been advanced by the actuating mechanism above described, to a position S corresponding to the desired speed and direction of the vehicle, the operator releases clutch pedals 154 and 156, permitting the link members 164 and 16$ to pivot into the respective slots in the sh:ifter plate 124. As the link members advance into the slots in the shlfter plate, the respective shafts 126 and 128 are pivoted, re-sulting in pivotal movement of the members 198 and 200, whereby the knuckle linkages 116, 116' are stralghtened through the mechanism described above, pivoting the ten-sioning pulley arms 100 and 100' and the tensioning pul-leys 96 and 96' into contact with the desired V-belts.
By moving either one or the other of the two tensioning pulleys 96, 96' into or out of the tensioning position by depressing on one clutch pedal, differential clutching and skid or directional steering of the vehicle can be accomplished, in that the wheels on only one side of the vehicle are being operated by the engagement of only one of the tensionlng pulleys with a respective V-belt.
Braking of the vehicle can be accomp]i~hed by means of two brakes 222 and 224 (see Fig. 6) which are pivotally secured to respective inner side walls 44 of the T-shaped sub-frame 34. Since the construction and operation of the brakes are identical, the details thereof will be described only in relation to brake 222.
In particular, brake 222 comprises a brake arm 226 hav~
ing a brake shoe 228 secured to an upper end thereof, the brake arm 226 being pivotally secure-d to the inner side wall by means of a pin 230. The brake arm 226 ex- j tends upwardly between two V-belts and the brake shoe 228 can be advanced in~o or out of engagement with the driven pulleys 92, 92' upon actuation of the braking . ~1 7~ 1 9 1 mechanism. The brake 222 is actuated by connecting rod 208 which is secured to the brake arm by means of a pin 232, the connecting rod being connected at the other end there~f to the pivotal member 198, as described above.
Accordingly, upon depressing one or other of the clutch pedals 154 and 156, connecting rods joining the pivotal members 198 and 200 mounted on the respective shafts 126 and 128, cause the brake shoes of the respective brakes 222 and 224 to be pivoted into engagement with the driven pulleys. By depressing only one of the clutch pedals, one set of wheels are locked while the other is powered (this being achieved by only two clutch peda].s) thereby permitting differential braking of the vehicle. An emergency braking system can also be provided, particu-larly if the vehicle is to be used on public roa~ orhighways in areas where~ laws require such vehicles to be provided with an emergency braking system. Such an arrangement is described below.
The diameters of the driven pulleys 92, 92' can be varied depending upon the output speed of the vehicle desired. In this way, an infinite range of speeds can be achieved with the vehicle. Further, flat belts or belts having circular or other cross-sections, including hexagonal and diamond section belts, can be , 25 utilized in the transmission in place of the V-belts de- j scribed above. I
As seen in Fig. 4, the driven pulleys 92 Sllp- ¦
porting the V-belts 78, 80 and 82 are mounted on an out-put shaft 240, while the driven pulleys 927, supporting the V-belts 84, 86 and 88 are mounted on an output sha~t 242, each of the shafts 240 and 242 being separately journaled in respective tubular members 244 and 246 uti- ¦ lizing bearings 248 mounted in the tubular members, ad-jacent each end thereof. The output shafts extend out-wardly through oblique openin~s 250 in the inner side 9~

walls 4~ and openings 252 in the outer side walls 46 (see Figure 1). The outer ends of the output shafts 240 and 242 support a pair of adjacent pulleys 254 and 256, the pulleys 25~ driving belts 258 and 258a whlle the pulleys 256 drive belts 260 and 260a. The belts 258 and 258a drive the wheels on the left side of -the vehicle, while belts 260 and 260a drive the wheels on the right side of the vehicle.
The belts 258 and 258a drive spaced-apart pulleys 262 and 26~, the pulleys 262 and 264 being mounted adja-cent the upper ends of vertical shafts 266 and 268 respec-tively. Vertical shafts 266 and 268 drive respective wheels 270 and 272 by means of individual vehicle wheel drive and suspension assemblies, such as those described in Applicant's United States Patent Nos. 3,689,101 and 3,822,757. Likewise, the belts 260 and 260a drive pulleys 274 and 276 mounted on respective vertical shafts 278 and 280, the shafts 278 and 280 driving respective wheels 282 and 284, utilizing wheel drive and suspension assemblies as per Applicant's above-noted United States patent, and as represented diagrammatically in Figure 7.
Belt 258 is held in alignment by guide pulley 288, guide pulley 288 being rotatably mounted on a horizontal axle supported by spaced-apart upward extending arms.
Likewise, guide pulleys 290 and 292 maintain alignment of belt 258a. The arms supporting the guide pulleys 288 and 290 extend upwardly beyond the respective guide pulleys so as to further maintain alignment of the belts 258 and 258a. As well, guide pulleys 292, 294 and 296 are mounted in support arms secured to side rail member 50 for guiding the belts 260 and 260a in paths of travel. Further, the arms of any or all of the guide pulleys may be spring-loaded in order to increase the tension in the belts.
Guide pulleys ~92 and 296 may be replaced by Y-shaped forks as at 322 to conserve space without adversely "

affectlng the operation of the mechanism.
The belts 258 and 2~8a are also provided with a pair of spaced apart tensioning icllers 298 and 300 which are rotatably mounted on vertical stub axles 302 and 304 respectively. The lower encLs of the stub axles are mounted on sliding clamp blocks 306 and 308, respec-tively, the sliding clamp blocks releasably engaging the side rail member 52 of the frame ancl being locked in position by set screws or similar releasable fastener means 309. Likewise, the belts 260 and 260a are pro-vided with tensioning idlers 310 and 312 mounted on re-spective vertical stub axles 314 and 316, lower ends o~
the stub axles being rotatably mounted in sliding clamp blocks 318 and 320. The sliding clamp blocks are re-leasably secured to the side rail member 50 at desiredlocations by means of set screws or similar releasable fastener means 309.
Each belt system 258, ~58a and 260, 260a is provided with a apir of Y-shaped forks or guides 322, as seen in Figure 4A, situa~ed adjacent the driven pulleys, i.e. 274 to prevent the continuous belts from vibrating out of the pulley grooves. As a result, belts can be readil~ changed and can be of commercial grade as to lengh, as ample adjustment is present.
Use of the swivelling wheel suspension as de-scribed in Applicant's previous patents referred to above, when coupled with a separate transmission to the wheels on each side of the vehic].e, produce a stable vehicle as follows. When the vehicle is making 2 turn and power is applied to the outer pair of wheels, the rising suspen-sion on that side causes the vehicle to bank into the turn. On the other hand, the lack of or lessening of power applied to the inner wheels of the vehicle în the turn lowers the side of the vehicle to the inside of the turn, coutering the centrifugal force of the turn by banking. This also reduces or removes the pressure .

~ .

7~3~

needed to steer -the vehicle by applyiny power to the out-side wheels. This is exemplified in E'igure 11 of the drawings in which it is seen tha-t the right side of the vehicle, as seen in Figure 11, is at an elevated level relative to the left-hand side of the vehicle. Further, with the suspension arrangmen-t employed by the Applicant, there is zero suspension in reverse, and none when the vehicle is coasting or stationary. Rather, suspension is achieved only when the vehicle is moving in a forward di-rec-tion under power.
Steering of the vehicle is accomplished either by means of cables utilizing an arrangement described in Applicant's United States Patent No. 3,669,466 or by means of worm and worm gear arrangements associated with each wheel assembly, such as described below in association with Figures 13 and 13A.
Tensioning and actuating of the cable associated with the cable steering arrangement can be achieved util-izing the tensioning and actuating device described in the United States Patent, as well as by means of the tension-ing and actuating device shown in Figures 8 and 9. In particular, a steering axle 330 has a steering wheel 332 (see Figure 12) mounted at the upper end thereof, the steering axle being rotatably mounted about its longitu-dinal axis in any well-known manner, relative to the body of the vehicle.
As seen in Figure 8, two pairs of spirally grooved drums are mounted adjacent a lower end of the steering axle 330, the drums being held in position on the axle 330 by means of two locking collars 333 secured to the axle 330 adjacent opposite ends of the -two pairs of drums. The two pairs of drums comprise a first pair of spirally grooved drums 334 and a second pair of spirally grooved drums 336, each of the grooved drums having a cable ad-justing ratchet 338 secured to each end thereof, there being eight such adjusting ratchets 338 altogether. .A

.. , . , : .

~ 7~

cable adjusting ratchet collar 340 is mounted on the axle 330 between the drums of each pair of grooved drums 334 and 336, the ratchet collars 340 being non-rotatably secured in position on ~he axle 330 by means of a tapex pin 342 extending through aligr.ed openings in the axle an~ collar. A third collar 344 separates the pairs of drums 334 and 336.
The grooved drums of each pair of drums 334 and 336 are releasably secured in ~ixed angular posi~ions with respect LO each other by means of respective clamp-ing means 346 and 348. Each clamping means comprises a cable adjusting pawl 350, opposite ends of which have laterally outwardly directed lug portlons 352 and 352'.
Each end of the cable adjusting pawl 350 is secured in position to the respective adjusting ratchet collar 340 by means of adjusting pawl screws 354 and 354' which are inserted in openings adjacent opposite ends of the adjust-ing pawl 350 and engage aligned threaded openings in the collar 340. Each screw has'a respective adjusting pawl washer 356 and 356' situated thereon.
Each of the drums of each pair of drums sup-ports one end of a cable for steering the wheel assem-blies on one or other sides of the vehicle. For example, portions of cable C which steer the two wheel assemblies on one side of the vehicle are wound around dr,ums 334a and 336a, the ends of the cable C being secured to the respective grooved drums by means of respective adjust-ing screws 360. Likewise, portions of cable C' are wound around grooved drums 334b and 336b, with ends of the cable being secured to the respective drums by ad-justing screws 360. The adjusting ratchets 338 secured to adjacent drums of each pair of drums include teeth portions 362 and 362', the teeth por~ions on one adjust-ing ratchet being inclined in a rotational direction and the teeth portions 362' Oll the adjacen~ ratchet being lgl -28- i inclined in the opposite rotationa:L direction, as best seen in Figure 9. The teeth portions of the ratchets are engaged by the outwardly extending lugs 352 and 352' o~
the pawl 350. In order to increase or decrease tension in the cable C adjusting pawl screw 354' is first loosen-ed somewhat and adjusting pawl screw 354 Is loosened to an even greater extent so as to peI~;t the teeth portions of the adjusting ratchet 338 to pass thereunder, whereby grooved drum 334a can be rotated relative to spirally grooved drum 334b. Loosening screw 354' to a greater extent ~han screw 354 permits drum 336h to be rotated relative to dr~n 336a. ~lkewise, tension in the cables wound around drums 336a and 336b can be increased or de-creased. Once the desired loosening or tensioning of the cables has been achieved, the adjusting pawl screws are again tightened in position to the ratchet collar. By loosening the pawl, the ratchet teeth pass beneath the lug as the drum is rotated.
The operation and arrangement of the cables is more fully described in my United States Patent No. 3,669,466.
The advantage of the arrangement herein dis-closed is that it avoids the use of machined bevel gears as in my prior patent for the tensioning and actuating mechanism, the present actuating and tensioning mechanism being less expensive to manufacture, easier to adjust and having broad application.
In addition to the tow bar constructions shown in Figures 2, 3 and 3A of the drawings, various other at-tachments can be employed with Applicant's impl:ovedvehicle, including: a basic power pack to provide power to activate standard tractor attachments; an estate ro-tary mower; an elec~ric winch and lights, a plough, a scraper, rake and brush; a snow thrower; a pumping unit;
an auxiliary po~er unit; and a harrow, potato-digger and row cultivator; a seed drill, etc.

.

Additionally, the improved vehicle can be sup-plied with a logging attachment in the form o~ a timber hitch 370, as best seen in Figure 7. Timber hitch 370 includes a timber hitch member 371 pivotally mounted be-tween a pair of spaced-apart angle members 372 and 374 secured at opposite ends thereof to the front and rear rail members 56 and 58 respectively, and may be affixed to T-shaped sub-frame 34 as well. The angle members 372 and 374 have aligned openings 376 in the vertical portions thereof, the openings 376 being spaced-apart along the length of the members 372 and 374 to permit insertion of a hinge pin 378 for pivotally securing one end of the timber hitch member 371.
Adjacent a free end of the timber hitch member 371 is a rota~ably mounted pulley 380 for receiving a cable 382. One end of the cable is secured to the angle members 372 and 374 at a location 384, the cable extend-ing around the puLley 380 and upwardly on the other side thereof. The free end of the cable can be attached to a low energy winch 386 for raising and lowering the free end of the timber hitch member 371, the winch 386 being, in practice, mounted on.the outer surface o rear wall 40 of the T-shaped sub-frame 34, as seen in Figure 12.
The timber hitch member 371 is provided wi~h a locking device or key 388 part way along an upper surface there-o~, the locking device or key 388 being adapted to enter the space between the angle members when the arm is rais~
ed to its uppermost position. In this position, the timber hitch absorbs all of the lateral and longitudinal forces, leaving only the vertical moments to be absorbed by the winch cable 386. Further, the timber h.itch mem-ber 371 is provided with a pivotally mounted hook 330 at a desired location along the length thereo~, depending 1, upon the degree of mechanical advantage desired.
An implement support bar 392 is shown as being clamped at opposite ends thereof to support ~ubes 54a and 54b, or likewise can be connected to tubes 54c and 54d, the bar 392 being used to support implements such as a snow scraper attachment which is mounted on the :front end of the vehicle, or other attachments such as a roto-tiller mounted aft on the vehicle.
The following is a table setting our specifications of one embodiment of the vehicle according -to the present invention when utilized as a replacement for a convention-al -tractor.
Length ............ ............92" (2.34m) Width ............. ............50" (1.27m) Height (at back of seat? . . . 58" (1.47m) Empty Weight ...... ............500 lbs. (227kg) Gross Weight . . . . . . . . . 1200 lbs. (544kg) lS Wheel Base ........ ............62" (1.57m) Tread (at outside of tires) . 62" (1.57m) Horsepower . . . . . . . . . . 8 (5.97kw) Engine ............ ........4 cycle Briggs & Stratton Fuel .............. Gasoline (no oil mixture required) Steering ~adius ... .............0 Draw Bar Pull . . 800 lbs at 900 lbs Gross Weight Tires . . . . . . . . 27" x 8.50 x 15" Terra Trac Tire Pressure . . . . . . . . 3 P.S.I. (0.21 bar) Gear ~eduction . . . . . . 72 to 1 (std. low range) Ground Clearance .. ............31 ~umber of Wheels .. .............4 Instead of cable steering the following steering mechanism can alterna-tively be employed for the vehicle.
As seen in Figure 13, the alternative steering mechanism comprises two longitudinally extending parallel shafts 400 and 402, each shaft having a worm mounted on the end thereof, the worms being designated respectively by re:Eerence numerals 40~, 406, 408 and 410. Each of the worms engages a respective worm gear designated by reference numerals 412, 414, 416 and 418. Since each of the worm gear an~ worm assemblies is of identical con-struction, the details of the construction of the worm and worm gear and the manner of securing the two together will be described with respect to worm 410 and associated worm gear 418 in conjunction ~ith Figure 13A, it being understood that the other worms and worm gears are s;mi-larly constructed.
As seen in Figure 13A, a ?air o~ housings 420 and 422 hold the worm and worm gear in contact, the hous ings being of identical construction and being secured together by means of bolts or sirnilar fasteners 424. The housings 420 and 422 have inner tapered faces 426 which engage cooperating tapered faces on the worrn gear 418 and which, under the action of the bolts 424, allow for adjustment of the worm relative to the worm gear. Further, the housings 420 and 422 may be fitted with suitable bearings for supporting the end of the longitudinal shaf~
402.
The longitudinal shafts 400 and 402 are driven by a chain 430 which engages sprockets mounted on the longitudinal shafts, the chain 430 being driven by a driving sprocket mounted on steering column 432. By utilizing worms and worm gears with each of the wheel assemblies, four-wheel steering can be effected. In such case, the worm and worm gears are so situated that the two front wheels move in the same direction of ro-tation upon rotation of the steering column 432 and the two rear wheels likewise rotate in the sa;ne direction, as shown in Figure 13. Further, the wonn gear and gear assemblies at one end of the longitudinal shafts 400 and 402 are in an opposi.te direction to the worm and gear assernblies at the other ends so as to produce the required steering direction.
Each of the worm gears comprises a segment of a ~ear which is mounted on a respective tubular pivot I

member associated with each of the wheel assemblies, the tubular pivot member being rotatably mountecl about its longitudinal axis in a respective tubular post of the wheel assembly. By way of example, the worm gear 418 is mounted on the tubular pivot member 440, the worm gear being secured to the tubular pivot member at a location offset from the center of curvature of the worm gear. As a result, the pivotal point 442 of the worm gear 418 is so positioned as to produce accelerating movement of the wheel 444 when the wheel is turned to the right, and a decelerating movement when the wheel 444 is turned to the left. In other words, as the longitudinal shaft 402 rotates the worm 410 so as to produce a clockwise rota-tion of the worm gear 418, the angular speecl of the worm gear increases as the worm gear rotates in a clockwise direction in plan view. On the other hand, the angular speed of the worm gear 418 decreases as the wortn gear continues to move in a counterclockwise direction in plan view. This increase or decrease in angular speeds of the worm gear is due to the fact that the distance be-tween the pivotal point 442 and the worm 410 increases or decreases as the worm gear 418 moves in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction. Further, since the tubu-lar pivotal member is mounted in the tubular post secured to the frame of a vehicle, as the distance ~etween the pivotal point 442 and the worm 410 increases, the worm 410 and its longitudinal shaft 402 are urged inwardly a distance corresponding to an increase in distancP be-tween the pivotal point 442 and the worm gear. However, the worm and worm gear are held in contact by the housings 420 and 422.
The degree of offset of the worm gear 418 mount-ed on the tubular pivotal member 440 varies according to the wheel base of the vehicle and Lhe tread of the vehicle so as to produce a steering movement with a generally common point 446 for all steered vehicles in and beyond ~7t~

the normal steering range of vehicles. Further, suitable thrust bearings 448 and 450 support the respective longi-tudinal shafts 400 and 402 so as to acco~modate the in-ward deflection of the ends of the longitudinal shafts 400 and 402 as the distance between the pivotal point and the worm gear increases.
The steering axle 432 controls the steering and may be separately and alternately linked to either the front or rear sections of a vehicle. In such a case, the shafts 400 and 402 would be separated between the thrust bearings 448 and 450 and the chain drive 430 would be duplicated for each of the front wheels and the rear wheels of the vehicle. In this way, it would be possible to steer either end of the vehicle in either direction separately or in combination with the re~.ain-ing wheels of the vehicle.
As noted above, the vehicle according to the present invention can be equipped with an emergency brak-ing system, particularly if the vehicle is to be employed on public roads or highways in areas where laws require such systems to be provided in vehicles operated on pub-lic roads or highways.
As best seen in Figure 6C, the emergency brak-ing system includes an actuating lever 450 which is pivot-ally mounted in a rod 452 extending between tlle inner sidewalls 44 of the T-shaped sub-frame 34. The upper end of the actuating lever 450 is situated within reach of the operator of the vehicle, while a lower end o~ the actuat-ing lever 450 has one end of a connecting rod 454 coupled thereto, an opposite end of the connecting rod 454 being pivotally connected via a clevis arrangement 456 and a pin 458 to the pivotally mounted bar 460. The bar 460 is pivoted at its inner end about vertically extending pin 462, the lower end of the pin being secured to the bottom wall 38 of the T-shaped sub-frame 34.
~ pulley 464 is rotatably mounted in a 1 L~,9~L ~
-3~-horizontal plane abou~ a pin 466, a lower end of the pin 466 being mounted in the bar 460 at a location between the mounting pin 462 and the connection of the clevis 456 to the end of tlle bar. A cable 468 extends around the pulley 464, opposite ends of the cable being pivotally connected by means of connectors 470 and pins 472 to the lower ends of brake arms 474 of a pair of pivo~ally mount-ed brakes 476. Both brake arms 474 are pivotally mounted on a laterally ex~ending rod 478 mounted at opposite ends thereof in the inner side walls of the T shaped subframe.
Upper ends of the brake arms 474 support bra~e shoes 480 which can be plvoted into and out of contact wi~,h respec-tive driven pulleys. The brake arms 474 ex~end upwardly between lower runs of adjacent V-belts such that the brake shoes engage the driven pulleys at locations be~ween up-per and lower runs of the V-belts.
Actuation o the emergency braking system is by means of the actuating lever 450 which, when pulled rearwardly by the operator, pivots the actuating lever about the rod 452, thereby advancing rod 454 in a for-ward di.rection so as to pivot the bar 460 about the pin 462, thereby drawing cables 468 forward and pivoting the brake shoes into contact with the driven pulleys.
The vehicle according to the present invention can also be utilized as an amphibious transporter or con-tainer lighter as shown in Figures 14 to 16. As in the case of the embodiment according to Figures l to 13, the container lighter or amphibious transpor~er 500 employs a flexible frame 502 i.ncluding a pair of upper longitudin-al frame members 50~l and a pair of lower longitudinalframe members 506, ~he upper and lower longitudinal frame members being interconnected by cross-brace members 508.
Ends of the upper and lower longitudinal frame members 504 and 506 are connected at corners of the frame to pos~
members 518 which support the drive and suspension assem-blies for the wheels 520 of the nmpliibious ~ransporter 500. The ends of the longitudinaL frame members are interconnected by an u~per front rail member 510 and an upper rear rail member 512 wh;ch are connec~ed to the post members 518. ~
Lower ~ront and rear rail members are no~ uti- ,J
lized since a high ground clearnace is desired at pre- ¦
ferably both the front and rear of the transporter 500, as best seen in Figure 16. The high ground clearance is provided in order'to admit trucks and containers be neath the front and rear rail members 510 and 512. Gus-set plates 514 are provided between the front and rear i rail members and the post members, the gusset plates being situated between adjacent flotation cells.
A plurality of flotation cells 522 are secured in pairs to the side rail members 504 and 506, one 1Ota-tion cell being situated on each side of the side rail member, as seen in Figure 14. Each flotation cell 522 has three points of attacl~ment 524 to the upper and lower frame sections, the points o attachment being spaced 20 apart in a triangular manner in side view~ as seen in Figure 15. By attaching the flotation cell 522 in this ~anner, flexing of the frame 502 can occur without dis-tortion of the flotation cells, the degree of flexing ~!
along the length of the transporter being indicated in 25 phantom in Figure 16. A pair of front flotation cells b 526 extend forwardly of and are secured to the front rail member 510 and front post members 518; and a pair of rear flotation cells 528 extend rearwardly from and ij are secured to the rear rail member 512 snd the rear 1~, 30 post members 518. j The flotation cells 522 are secured to the transporter frame 502 by utilizing bolts or similar Ij fasteners 530 extending through adjacent vertical walls Ij of each pair of flotation cells and throug~ the upper ~,~
35 and lower longitudinal rame members situated therebe- ~t tw~en. As best seen in Figure 14A, rubber or elastic ,¦

'~

1~0191 pads 532 are situated between the o~lter surfaces of the adjacent walls of the flota~ion cells and the frame mem-ber situated therebetween, the rubber or elastic pads 53~ allowing for distortion of the frame relative to the flotation cells, as well as providing a sealed joint for the flotation cells.
A pair oE winding drums or hoists 534 and 536 situated on either side of the amphibious transporter 500 adjacent the front end thereof effect raising of a front end of a platfor~ or other load 538 situated within the space intermediate the flotation cells and the front and rear rail members S10 and 512. A pair of drum complexes 540 and 5~2 are situated on either 6ide near the rear end of the amphibious transporter 500 in order to lift the rear end of the platfonn or load 53S. The drum complex 540 comprises a pair of spaced-apart aligned drums 544 and 546 which, when the load 538 is in position, are locked together by means of a common shaft 548. Likewise, the drum complex 542 comprises spaced-apart aligned drums 550 and 552, which, when the load is in position, are locked by a second common shaft 554.
A cable 5S6, which has been wound around the drums 552 and 546 several times and is locked thereto, comes to rest taut under the drums. Hoisting cabLes 558 and 560 (see Fig. 16~, when posi.tioned, are wound so as to pass over drums 544 and 550 respectively. When the shafts 548 and 554 are locked to their respective drums, the system is allowed to float. As a result, flexing of the transporter 500 will cause more strain to be placed alternately either on cable 55S or 560, the strain being transmitted through cable 556 by torque through the load or platform 538. If cable 560 receives the greater strain, cable 560 will be pulled downward, unwinding a portion of the cable 560 from drum 550 and thereby causing rotation of drum 550 Rotation of drum 550 torques shaft 554, causing shaft 554 and drum 552 to ~ ~ ~7~

,~ .
rotate. Rotation of drum 552 causes a portion of cable 556 to be wound therearound,simultaneously causing a cor-responding amount of cable 556 to be unwound from drum 546, thereby rotating shaft 548 and drum 544 so as to wind a portion of cable 558 around drum 544. This brings the drum system to rest by eyualizing the torquing action through platform or container 538. Thïs has the same ef-fect as if the fon~ard end of the load were suspended mid-way between pairs of drums 540 and 542. In this manner, heavier loads may be carried with greater stability, and at the corners where the platform or cargo boxes are stressed to receive the loads.
By employing the above four dru~ systems at both ends of the transporter 500 and positioning locking winding drums 570 and 572 a~ the center of the vehicle, the longitudinal or s~aying motion of the load will be generally one-half the movement or the vehicle at one end, and more than one container may be carried.
The solid line 566 illustrates the high ground clearance of the transporter 500. With this arrangement, and as noted above, the transporter can be loaded or un-loaded by passlng over the object to be carried, even if it is upon a platform or truck. Likewise, since the center is clear between the frame and the flotation cells, loads may be hoisted in or out of the vehicle whether it is upon land or in the w2ter. Further, recess openings such as manholes are provided in the flotation cells 522 to facilitate entry to the cells and thereby permit the securing ther~of to the rail members of the frame. As well, spaces are left between longitudinally adjacent flotation cells to permit flexing of the frame and cells without damage thereto~
As an alternative embodiment of the worm and worm gear steeringj arrangement, it is possible to replace the offset mounting of the wo~-m gears by worm gear, each having an irregular shape such as a segment of a heart ~7~ ~ 9 . -38-shaped cam with teeth which will result in equal turning of the wheels on both sides oE the vehicle as 90 rotation of the wheels is reached.

The vehicle of this invention is admi.rably suited for hitching tools, for pulling heavy loads, for use as a farm vehicle, Eor use in cran~erry bogs, rice paddies and other flooded field agricultural applica-tions as well as in forested areas due to its high ground claarance.

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Claims (15)

THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:

1. A vehicle having at least two steered wheel assem-blies operated by a worm and worm gear steering arrange-ment, comprising a steering axle, at least one pair of longitudinally extending shafts, each shaft having at least one worm mounted thereon; means operatively connect-ing the steering axle to the at least one pair of longi-tudinally extending shafts for rotating each of the shafts in a common direction of rotation upon rotation of the steering axle; each worm engaging a respective worm gear means, the worm gear means being mounted in an off-set manner on a vertical pivotal member, the pivotal member being part of a wheel assembly of the vehicle, the pivotal member being rotatably mounted in a respective leg post member of the vehicle; and housing means holding each worm and worm gear means in meshing engagement; the laterally adjacent worms being threaded in opposite directions.

2. A vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the worm and worm gear steering arrangement includes two longitudinally extending shafts, each longitudinally extending shaft hav-ing two worms mounted thereon adjacent opposite ends thereof, each worm engaging a respective worm gear means, each worm gear means being mounted on a respective verti-cal pivotal member for rotating two wheel assemblies mounted on one side of the vehicle.

3. A vehicle according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the means operatively interconnecting the steering axle and the at least one pair of longitudinally extending shafts comprises a chain and sprocket drive arrangement, the chain and sprocket drive arrangement including a driv-ing sprocket mounted on the steering axle and a driven sprocket mounted on each of the longitudinally extending shafts, said chain interconnecting the driven sprockets and the driving sprocket.

4. A vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, wherein each housing means comprises a pair of spaced-apart housing sections, the housing sections being releasably held to-gether by fastener means, each housing section having a bevelled surface portion and each worm gear having upper and lower surfaces, the upper and lower surfaces of each worm gear having a bevelled surface portion, the bevelled surfaces of the housing sections engaging the bevelled surface portions of the upper and lower surfaces of the worm gear for releasably retaining the housing sections and the worm gear means in engagement.

5. A vehicle according to claim 1 wherein there are four spaced-apart substantially vertically extending leg post members, each leg post member being adapted to sup-port a respective wheel pivotally mounted for steering movement, and each leg post member being rigidly intercon-nected between one of two spaced-apart longitudinally ex-tending frame members and one of two spaced apart trans-versely extending frame members, at least three of the frame members being of torsionally resilient construction, whereby vertical movements of the leg post members are ab-sorbed by the torsionally resilient frame members without permanent deformation thereof.

6. A vehicle according to claim 5 wherein all of the frame members are torsionally resilient.

7. A vehicle according to claim 5 wherein the torsion-ally resilient frame members comprise channel members, the channels in which face and open into the interior of the vehicle frame.

8. A vehicle according to any one of claims 5, 6 or 7, wherein the torsionally resilient frame members comprise built-up truss members, angle members, I-beam sections, or U-members.

9. A vehicle according to claim 5 wherein there is pro-vided a sub-frame connected to at least the two longitu-dinally extending frame members; and power transmission for driving the vehicle, and transmission means being housed in the sub-frame.

10. A vehicle according to claim 9 wherein said power transmission means comprises a belt transmission including at least one pair of driving pulleys and at least one pair of driven pulleys, the driving pulleys being mounted on a a driving pulley shaft rotatably mounted in the sub-frame, and one of each pair of driven pulleys being mounted on one or other of a pair of driven output shafts, each of the driven output shafts being rotatably mounted in the sub-frame; and a belt interconnecting each driving pulley with a respective driven pulley.

11. A vehicle according to claim 5 wherein there is a tow bar supporting member secured to each of the longitu-dinally extending frame members, each tow bar supporting member having a vertical wall portion formed with spaced-apart opening along the length thereof, a tow bar having at least one pair of arms of V-shape formation in plan view, the free ends of said arms being pivotally secured in selected openings in each said tow bar supporting mem-ber, and means proximate the juncture of said V-shaped formation for enabling selective loading of said vehicle.

12. A vehicle according to claim 11, wherein said means for enabling selective loading comprises a chain for con-necting said tow bar proximate said juncture to said frame whereby when the tow bar pulls a trailer or cart with a tongue load the weight is taken by the chain and when ob-stacles or earth mounds are traversed by the vehicle the tow bar is tensioned to release the weight on the chain for transfer to the front wheels of the vehicle for in-creased traction.

13. A vehicle according to claim 11 wherein said tow bar comprises two pairs of arms of V-shape formation, the free ends of each of the pair of arms being attached to each said tow bar supporting member via said openings therein, each of the pair of arms at the junctures thereof being connected at opposite end portions of a vertically extend-ing bearing means, coupling means rotatably mounted on the vertically extending bearing means intermediate the con-nections of the pairs of arms to said bearing means, said coupling means having receiving means adapted to receive for releasable securement an end of an implement attach-ment.

14. A vehicle according to claim 13 wherein the free ends of each pair of arms are joined together for pivotal attachment to each said tow bar supporting member.

15. A vehicle according to claim 13 or claim 14 wherein said bearing means comprises a vertically extending pin and the coupling means comprises a housing mounted on the pin for rotation about the longitudinal axis of the pin.