CA1167022A - Traction fluid lubricants derived from mineral oil - Google Patents

Abstract

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE

A traction fluid having a lubricant basestock com-prising a selected mineral oil composition containing a saturate fraction having a significant portion made up of multiring components of at least three rings and an aro-matic fraction which comprises at least 15% by weight of said composition and contains at least 40% by volume of multiring components.

Description

~ ~6702~

2 This in~ention relates to selected mineral oil

3 compositions which are useful as lubricant basestocks in

4 traction fluids. More particularly, the invention is di-rected to a traction fluid having a lubricant basestock 6 which comprises mineral oil compositions containin~ a 7 saturate fraction having a significant portion made up of 8 multiring components of at least three rings and an aro-9 matic fraction which comprises at least about 15% by weight of said composition and which fraction contains at least 11 40~ by volume of multiring aromatic components.
12 Traction fluid is a term used to identify a class 13 of lubricants that give superior performance in traction 14 drives. A traction drive transfers force from one rotating shaft to ànother through a rolling contact. Efficient 16 transfer requires that a minimum amount of slippase occurs.
17 This property is measured by the traction coefficient 18 which is defined as force transmitted divided by the nor-19 mal force which keeps the rolling members in contact.
The coefficient of traction as defined above, 21 has been one of the prime measurements used in defining 22 useful traction fluids. Various studies have been made 23 attempting to define the type of structures associated with 24 higher traction properties. Thus, some of the more suit-able structures which have been reported include U. S.
26 Patent 3,411,369 which discloses fused, saturated carbon 27 containing rings; U. S. Patent 3,440,894, which discloses 28 organic compounds containing a saturated carbon contain-29 ing ring or an acyclic structure having at least three quaternary carbon atoms; U. S. Patents 3,595,796 and 31 3,598,740 disclose the use of selected naphthenes and 32 branched paraffins; and U. S. Patent 3,843,537 discloses 33 the use of naphthenes, partially saturated precursors of 34 naphthenes, hydrorefined mineral oils, polyolefins and branched paraffins.
36 Generally, the structures defined in the litera-37 ture as having good traction properties have not included `,;
',, ,, , .... . . , ~.. . . ~ ... ..

V ~ 2 1 aromatic constituents. This is exemplified by U. S. patents 2 3,595,796; 3,598,740 and 3,843,537 which indicate the gen-3 eral undesirability of aromatic unsaturation as it relates 4 to traction properties and the need to lim~t aromatic con-tent to very low levels.

7 Now in accordance with this invention it has sur-8 prisingly been found that selected mineral oil compositions 9 which contain significant amounts of aromatic constituents are particularly useful as traction fluid lubricants. More 11 particularly, this invention is directed to a traction 12 fluid having a lubricant basestock which comprises selected 13 mineral oil compositions containing a saturate hydrocarbon 14 fraction having at least about 35% by volume of multiring components of at least-three rings and an aromatic fraction 16 which comprises at least about 15~ by weight of said compo-17 sition and which fraction contains at least about 40~ by 18 volume of multiring aromatic components.
19 The ability to ascertain the surprising attributes of aromatic constituents in traction fluids was in part the 21 result of a newly-developed technique for evaluating trac-22 tion properties. This technique involved development of a 23 traction index which is based on the rolling torque gener-24 ated and the amountof slippage found in the rolling contact.
Purther details of this technique will be described in de-26 tail later on in the specification.
27 The mineral oil compositions on which the traction 28 fluids of this invention are based are any of the commonly 29 available petroleum basestock materials which comprise a range of different hydrocarbons of naphthenic, aromatic and 31 paraffinic content. The selected mineral oil compositions 32 are obtained from the starting mineral oils by separation 33 into fractions having specified saturated and aromatic por-34 tions as will hereinafter be defined. Generally, this fractionation will be made by a technique such as thermal 36 diffusion, a known separation procedure which is described 37 for example in "Composition and Oxidation of Petroleum --1 ~67022 1 Fractions" by G. E. Cranton in Thermochemica Acta, 14 2 (1976) 201-20a. Other techniques which can ~e used to 3 produce the desired fractions can also be used.
4 The selected traction fluids of this invention contain lubricant basestock materials which are mineral 6 oils selectively fractionated to yield a composition which 7 contains a saturate frac~ion and an aromatic fractîon.
8 Generally the weight ratio of aromatics to saturates will 9 be at least about 0.2:1, preferably at least about 0.3:1 and more preferably at least about 0.4:1. The saturate 11 fraction will generally have a significant portion, i.e.
12 greater than about 35% by volume, and preferably greater 13 than aboùt 50%, made up of multiring components of at 14 least three rings. ~ore particularly, the saturate frac-lS tion will have a volume ratio of multiring (three or more 16 rings) to 1-2-ring components of at least about 0.5:1, 17 preferably at least about 1:1 and more preferably at least 18 about 2:1. The aromatic fraction will generally comprise 19 at least about 15% by weight of the composition, prefer-ably at least about 20% and more preferably at least about21 25% by weight. The aromatic fraction will contain at 22 least about 40% by volume of multiring components having 23 two or more rings, at least one of which is an aromatic 24 ring, preferably at least about 60% and more preferably at least about 80% by volume.
26 The multiring portion of the aromatic raction 77 is generally comprised of naphthalenes, acenaphthene, 28 fluorenes, phenanthrenes, mononaphthene benzenes and di-29 naphtene benzenes. It is understood that branched or sub-stituted ring components are also included in the defined 31 aromatic fraction. The saturate fraction will generally 32 be comprised of 5 and 6 membered ring structures having 33 various branched substituents. Generally, both the satu-34 rate and aromatic fraction will be comprised of a mixture of compounds each containing about 6 to about 100 carbon 36 atoms. Each fraction will generally contain a variety of 37 branched substituents and may contain small amounts of . .

~ 167~2~

1 sulfur and nitrogen content.
2 In addition to the lubricant basestocks of this 3 invention, additives designed to enhance specific proper-4 ties of the traction fluids can be added to the composition.
Such additives include, for example, V.I. improvers, anti-6 wear agents, corrosion inhibitors, antioxidants, disper-7 sants, etc. Generally additive amounts of up to about 20%, 8 preferably up to about lO~ by weight of the fluid may be 9 used in the traction fluids.
As indicated earlier, the ability to ascertain 11 the surprising traction properties resulting from materials 12 containing significant aromatic constituents was aided by 13 a new technique for evaluating such traction properties.
14 A traction index ~TI~ which is based on the rolling torque generated and the amount of slippage found in the rolling 16 contact was formulated to rate the different fluid materials.
17 Table I shows the parameters used in rating the 18 material and as defined therein:
19 TI = Tf + Ts + S5F + ~Sr 21 with the different tor~ue and slip factors used in ascer-22 taining TI being further defined in said Table I.
23 The traction data was obtained on a modified 24 Roxana four ball wear tester as described in ASTM D 2266-67.
The traction tester used had a Brown modification consist-26 ing of a hydraulic cylinder which applied a normal load 27 and an air bearing which allowed for accurate frictional 28 measurements. Additionally, the tester had a machined pot 29 which held a conforming race and allowed rolling contact to occur rather than the sliding contact required by the 31 ASTM method (the bottom three balls in the four-ball pyra-32 mid were allowed to roll on a conforming race). This test-33 er was evaluated as a means for determining the traction 34 properties by selecting a series of materials whose coef-ficients of traction had been previously determined and 36 measuring their traction properties on such a tester. As 37 indicated in Table II, the Traction Index (TI) gave a ..

1 16702.'~

1 linear correlation with literature tra~tion coefficients 2 and was therefore a valid method of evaluating traction 3 properties.
4 Further details and illustrations of this inven-tion will be ~ound in the following examples.
6 Example 1 7 A paraffinic Solvent 150 Neutral mineral oil hav-8 ing a viscosity of 12.3 cSt at 65C, nD of 1.4756, and a 9 VI (viscosity index as determined by ASTM D2270) of 90 was used as the feed material.
11 The feed material was fractionated using batch 12 thermal diffusion in laboratory scale units of the vertical 13 cylinder type with each column furnished with ten ports 14 with a mean slit diameter of 0.03 cm. The total volume of each unit was 30 ml. The inner wall of the annulus was 16 cooled by water to 57.2-65.6C and the outer wall was 17 electrically heated to 115.6-137.8C. Operation involved 18 filling the column wi~h feed, allowing a period of time 19 (about 14 days) for separation and sampling the ports starting from the top. This was repeated until about 12 Zl ml. was obtained for each fraction.
22 The resulting fractions were evaluated for trac-23 tion properties and the results given in Table III.
24 Example 2 A naphthenic Solvent 60 Neutral mineral oil hav-26 ing a viscosity 4.38 cSt at 65C, nD of 1.4747 and a VI of 27 68 was used as the feed material and fractionated in the 28 same manner as the sample in Example 1.
29 The resulting fractions were evaluated for trac-tion properties and the results given in Table IV.
31 Example 3 32 A paraffinic Solvent 60 Neutral mineral oil hav-33 ing a viscosity of 4.60 cSt at 65C, nD of 1.4748 and a VI
34 of 37 was used as the feed material and fractionated in the same manner as the sample in Example 1.
36 The resulting fractions were evaluated for trac-37 tion properties and the results given in Table V.

1 ~67~2~

1 These results show that the fractions identified 2 in Tables III, IV and V as ports 8 to 10 are particularly 3 suitable as traction fluids. Comparing these data to those 4 of a current synthetic traction fluid (see Table II,

5 Santotrac 50), shows that equivalent or better traction

6 properties are achieved at comparable viscosities.

7 Information regarding the analyses of the differ-

8 ent fractions ~ested can be found in Tables VI, VII and

9 VIII.

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Claims (9)

THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:

1. A traction fluid having a lubricant basestock comprising a selected mineral oil composition which contains a saturate fraction having at least about 35% by volume of multiring components of at least three rings and an aro-matic fraction which comprises at least about 15% by weight of said composition, said aromatic fraction containing at least about 40% by volume of multiring components having two or more rings at least one of which is an aromatic ring, the weight ratio of aromatics to saturates is at least about 0.2:1, said traction fluid having a viscosity of at least about 5.7 CST at 65°C and a traction index of at least about 0.68.

2. The fluid of claim l wherein the saturate fraction has a volume ratio of at least about 0.5:1 multi-ring to 1-2 ring components.

3. The fluid of claim 2 wherein said aromatic fraction has a volume ratio of at least about 1:1 multi-ring to l-2 ring components.

4. The fluid of claim 3 wherein said aromatic fraction contains at least 60% by volume of multiring com-ponents.

5. The fluid of claim 4 wherein said aromatic fraction comprises at least about 25% by weight of the composition.

6. The fluid of claim 5 wherein said saturate fraction has a ratio of at least about 2:1 multiring to 1-2 ring components.

7. The fluid of claim 6 wherein the weight ratio of aromatics to saturates is at least about 0.3:1.

8. The fluid of claim 7 wherein said aromatic fraction contains at least about 80% by volume of multi-ring components.

9. The fluid of claim 8 wherein said aromatic fraction comprises naphthalenes, acenaphthenes, fluorenes, and phenanthrenes, mononaphthene benzenes and dinaphthene benzenes.