CA1165660A - Surface active compositions - Google Patents
Surface active compositionsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1165660A CA1165660A CA000396422A CA396422A CA1165660A CA 1165660 A CA1165660 A CA 1165660A CA 000396422 A CA000396422 A CA 000396422A CA 396422 A CA396422 A CA 396422A CA 1165660 A CA1165660 A CA 1165660A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- salt
- carbon atoms
- polyethylene glycol
- composition
- alcohol ether
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/37—Polymers
- C11D3/3703—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C11D3/3707—Polyethers, e.g. polyalkyleneoxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
- C11D1/29—Sulfates of polyoxyalkylene ethers
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract Surface Active Compositions Compositions comprising a salt of an alcohol ether sulphate can be diluted without undue problems due to gel formation if a suitable quantity of a compound of molecular weight 500 to 10,000 which comprises at least one polyalkylene glycol chain, the compound comprising at least two ether linkages per seven carbon atoms is present.
Description
5~6~
THIS INVENTION relates to surface active compositions.
Alcohol ~ther sulphate salts o~ which the anion has the formula [R~(C2H40)nSO~ where R is an alkyl group having 10 to 20 and preferably 12 to 16 carbon atoms and n is an integer in the range 1 to 7 and preferably 1 to 4 are known surface active agents which are used in, for example shampoos, liquid dishwashing liquids etc.
They are normally produced by ethoxylating an appropriate alcohol, reacting the product with a sulphating agent for example H~S04, S03 or S02C12 and neutralising with an amine for example a Cl to C5 mono alkyl amine or ammonia or with an alkali or alkaline earth base or ammonium compound to give the salt which is normally produced as a concentrate containing for example 65 to 75% by weight of the salt and a minor amount of water which includes any water of neutralisation and any introduced as solvent for the neutralising agent. Such c~ncentrates are normally viscous liquids, but if free inorganic sulphates, for example sodium sulphate, or the unsulphated alcohol ethoxylate is present the concentrate may become an elastic gell which is difficult to handle.
The alcohol ether sulphate salts are normally transported as concentrates and then diluted with water and optionally other materials to produce the product ultimately used by the consumer. On dilution of the concentrate another gell of a particularly troublesome type is encountered when a composition of about 55% of the alcohol ether sulphate salt and 45% of water is reached.
Frequently ethanol is added to break the gells and allow dilution, bu-t this represents a considerable expense and becuase of its volatility,a fire hazard~
We have found that the addition of a compound (other than a sulphate or sulphate salt) of average molecular weight 500 to 10,0003 preferably 500 to 6,000 and more preferably ltOOO to 3,000, which comprlses at
THIS INVENTION relates to surface active compositions.
Alcohol ~ther sulphate salts o~ which the anion has the formula [R~(C2H40)nSO~ where R is an alkyl group having 10 to 20 and preferably 12 to 16 carbon atoms and n is an integer in the range 1 to 7 and preferably 1 to 4 are known surface active agents which are used in, for example shampoos, liquid dishwashing liquids etc.
They are normally produced by ethoxylating an appropriate alcohol, reacting the product with a sulphating agent for example H~S04, S03 or S02C12 and neutralising with an amine for example a Cl to C5 mono alkyl amine or ammonia or with an alkali or alkaline earth base or ammonium compound to give the salt which is normally produced as a concentrate containing for example 65 to 75% by weight of the salt and a minor amount of water which includes any water of neutralisation and any introduced as solvent for the neutralising agent. Such c~ncentrates are normally viscous liquids, but if free inorganic sulphates, for example sodium sulphate, or the unsulphated alcohol ethoxylate is present the concentrate may become an elastic gell which is difficult to handle.
The alcohol ether sulphate salts are normally transported as concentrates and then diluted with water and optionally other materials to produce the product ultimately used by the consumer. On dilution of the concentrate another gell of a particularly troublesome type is encountered when a composition of about 55% of the alcohol ether sulphate salt and 45% of water is reached.
Frequently ethanol is added to break the gells and allow dilution, bu-t this represents a considerable expense and becuase of its volatility,a fire hazard~
We have found that the addition of a compound (other than a sulphate or sulphate salt) of average molecular weight 500 to 10,0003 preferably 500 to 6,000 and more preferably ltOOO to 3,000, which comprlses at
2 H 31708 least one polyalkylene glycol chain, the compound comprising a total of at least two ether linkages per seven carbon atoms~ for example a polyethylene glycol of average molecular weight 500 to 6,ooo reduces the problem o~ dilution with water. The said compounds are of low volatility, and the quantities required are small.
The invention comprises a composition comprising a salt of an alcohol ether sulphate of formula [RO(C2H40)nS0~l mMm+ where R and n are as previously defined, M is an ammonium, substituted ammonium, alkali or alkaline earth metal ion and m is the valency of M, and a gel inhibiting quantity of a compound (other than a sulphate or sulphate salt) of average molecular weight 500 to lO,000, preferably 500 to 6,000 and more preferably l,OOQ to 3,000~ which comprises at least one polyalkylene glyc~l chain, the compound comprising a total of at least two ether linkages per seven carbon atoms 9 for example a polyethylene glycol.
The compound may be a polyalkylene or mixed polyalkylene glycol, for example polyethylene glycol or a mixed polyethylene/polypropylene glycol, a compound comprising a polyalkylene glycol chain linked to a phenol or alcohol for example an alkyl phenol (suitably having 4 to 12 carbon atoms in its alkyl group or groups) or alcohol (suitably having l to 16 and preferably lO to 16 carbon atoms)/ethylene oxide condensate or with two or more polyalkylene glycol chains linked to a residue of a compound having two or more active hydrogen atoms, ~or example, glycerol or butane 1,4 diol~ The compound is very suitably a polyethylene glycol.
By a gel inhibiting quantity i~ meant an amount sufficient to reduce the maximum elasticity of any gel encountered during dilution with water to at most 4 x lO 4 Newtons per sq mm and preferably at most l x 10 4 Newtons.
In general 0.5 to 5% by weight of polyethylene glycol is used. Compositions according to the invention tend to be thixotropic; they are readily pumpable in suitable conventional equipment.
6 ~
The invention comprises a composition comprising a salt of an alcohol ether sulphate of formula [RO(C2H40)nS0~l mMm+ where R and n are as previously defined, M is an ammonium, substituted ammonium, alkali or alkaline earth metal ion and m is the valency of M, and a gel inhibiting quantity of a compound (other than a sulphate or sulphate salt) of average molecular weight 500 to lO,000, preferably 500 to 6,000 and more preferably l,OOQ to 3,000~ which comprises at least one polyalkylene glyc~l chain, the compound comprising a total of at least two ether linkages per seven carbon atoms 9 for example a polyethylene glycol.
The compound may be a polyalkylene or mixed polyalkylene glycol, for example polyethylene glycol or a mixed polyethylene/polypropylene glycol, a compound comprising a polyalkylene glycol chain linked to a phenol or alcohol for example an alkyl phenol (suitably having 4 to 12 carbon atoms in its alkyl group or groups) or alcohol (suitably having l to 16 and preferably lO to 16 carbon atoms)/ethylene oxide condensate or with two or more polyalkylene glycol chains linked to a residue of a compound having two or more active hydrogen atoms, ~or example, glycerol or butane 1,4 diol~ The compound is very suitably a polyethylene glycol.
By a gel inhibiting quantity i~ meant an amount sufficient to reduce the maximum elasticity of any gel encountered during dilution with water to at most 4 x lO 4 Newtons per sq mm and preferably at most l x 10 4 Newtons.
In general 0.5 to 5% by weight of polyethylene glycol is used. Compositions according to the invention tend to be thixotropic; they are readily pumpable in suitable conventional equipment.
6 ~
3 H 31708 The sal~ is suitably a sodium, potassi~n7 magnesium or ammonium salt, and may be produced by neutralising the acid with a hydroxide, carbona-te or bicarbonate of the cation. Direct neutralisation with ammonia or an amine may be carried out.
The invention also comprises a process in which the alcohol ether sulphate salt is mixed with a gel inhibiting amount of a compound (other than a sulphate or sulphate salt) of average molecular weight 500 to lO,OOO, preferably 500 to 6,000 and more preferably l,OOO to 3,000, which comprises at least one polyalkylene glycol chain, the compound comprising a total of at leas-t two ether linkages per seven carbon atoms, for example a polyethylene glycol,and then diluted with water.
Preferably the compound has at least two ether linkages per five carbon atoms.
EXAMPLE
A sodium salt of a mixed Cl3 and Cl5 alcohol (7 to 3 by molar ratio) etho~ylated with an average o~ 3 mole C2H40 per mole of alcohol, sulphated with S03 and neutralised with NaOH solution to produce a 70% mixture by weight of the salt with water (hereinafter referred to as material A) was tested in an oscillating can rheometer to determine its dynamic viscosity and elasticity at a frequency of oscillation of 9.8 cycles per second. Material A with the specified additives was also tested in the sam0 way.
The elasticity of Material A was 745 Nm 2 and its dynamic viscosity at 25C at low shear was 39.5 poise.
Material A with 2,5% w/w of polyethylene glycol (800 mol wt) added had a dynamic viscosity under the same conditions of 37 poise at low shear and an elasticity of 3.2 x lO 4 N mm~2.
Material A with 1% w/w polyethylene glycol (l,OOO mol wt) added had a dynamic viscosity under the same conditions of 34 poise at low shear and an elasticity of
The invention also comprises a process in which the alcohol ether sulphate salt is mixed with a gel inhibiting amount of a compound (other than a sulphate or sulphate salt) of average molecular weight 500 to lO,OOO, preferably 500 to 6,000 and more preferably l,OOO to 3,000, which comprises at least one polyalkylene glycol chain, the compound comprising a total of at leas-t two ether linkages per seven carbon atoms, for example a polyethylene glycol,and then diluted with water.
Preferably the compound has at least two ether linkages per five carbon atoms.
EXAMPLE
A sodium salt of a mixed Cl3 and Cl5 alcohol (7 to 3 by molar ratio) etho~ylated with an average o~ 3 mole C2H40 per mole of alcohol, sulphated with S03 and neutralised with NaOH solution to produce a 70% mixture by weight of the salt with water (hereinafter referred to as material A) was tested in an oscillating can rheometer to determine its dynamic viscosity and elasticity at a frequency of oscillation of 9.8 cycles per second. Material A with the specified additives was also tested in the sam0 way.
The elasticity of Material A was 745 Nm 2 and its dynamic viscosity at 25C at low shear was 39.5 poise.
Material A with 2,5% w/w of polyethylene glycol (800 mol wt) added had a dynamic viscosity under the same conditions of 37 poise at low shear and an elasticity of 3.2 x lO 4 N mm~2.
Material A with 1% w/w polyethylene glycol (l,OOO mol wt) added had a dynamic viscosity under the same conditions of 34 poise at low shear and an elasticity of
4 l 10-4 N -2 ~ 3~5~
~aterial A with 2~ w/w polyethylene glycol (1,000 mol ~t) added had a dynamic viscosity under the same conditions of 36 poise at low shear and an elasticity of 2.1 x 10 4 N mm-2 The performance of other additives in material A
is shown in the ~ollowing table.
_ ~
Additive Concentration Viscosity Elastic~ty _ _ % w/w (poise)N mm-Condensate of _ _ Butane 1-4 Diol with Ethylene Oxide 900 ~W 2 45.82.390 x 10-4 1100 MW 2 45.22.070 x 10 4 1600 MW 2 45.72.730 x 10-~
2100 MW 2 49043.070 x 10 4 _ , Polyethylene glycol MW 1500 2 L~2.12.220 x 10 4 "Synperonici' A50 2 4~.4 3.0~0 x 10 4 "Synperonic" OP40 2 52.9 3.250 x 10-4 Methoxy poly-ethylene glycol L
MW 1,500 2 372.100 x 10-~
"Synperonic" TLE 2 48 2.700 x 10 4 .. _ . ... _ . .. . .. .. ~ , "Synperonic" TLE is a commercial product produced by alkoxylating methanol. It contains 28 ether links per 63 carbon atoms and has a molecular weight of 1,400.
"Synperonic" A50 is a commercial product produced by condensing a mixed C13 and C15 alcohol (7 to 3 by molar ratio) with c. 50 moles of ethylene oxide per mole.
"Synperonic" OP40 is a product of condensing octyl phenol with c. 40 moles of ethylene oxide per mole.
M~W. means molecular weight.
Materials with the additives all diluted much more readily with water than the pure material~ The tirne required for comparable dilutions was substantially less, 6 ~
H ~1708 for example one tenth~ and no problems were encountered with gel ~ormation during dilution.
~aterial A with 2~ w/w polyethylene glycol (1,000 mol ~t) added had a dynamic viscosity under the same conditions of 36 poise at low shear and an elasticity of 2.1 x 10 4 N mm-2 The performance of other additives in material A
is shown in the ~ollowing table.
_ ~
Additive Concentration Viscosity Elastic~ty _ _ % w/w (poise)N mm-Condensate of _ _ Butane 1-4 Diol with Ethylene Oxide 900 ~W 2 45.82.390 x 10-4 1100 MW 2 45.22.070 x 10 4 1600 MW 2 45.72.730 x 10-~
2100 MW 2 49043.070 x 10 4 _ , Polyethylene glycol MW 1500 2 L~2.12.220 x 10 4 "Synperonici' A50 2 4~.4 3.0~0 x 10 4 "Synperonic" OP40 2 52.9 3.250 x 10-4 Methoxy poly-ethylene glycol L
MW 1,500 2 372.100 x 10-~
"Synperonic" TLE 2 48 2.700 x 10 4 .. _ . ... _ . .. . .. .. ~ , "Synperonic" TLE is a commercial product produced by alkoxylating methanol. It contains 28 ether links per 63 carbon atoms and has a molecular weight of 1,400.
"Synperonic" A50 is a commercial product produced by condensing a mixed C13 and C15 alcohol (7 to 3 by molar ratio) with c. 50 moles of ethylene oxide per mole.
"Synperonic" OP40 is a product of condensing octyl phenol with c. 40 moles of ethylene oxide per mole.
M~W. means molecular weight.
Materials with the additives all diluted much more readily with water than the pure material~ The tirne required for comparable dilutions was substantially less, 6 ~
H ~1708 for example one tenth~ and no problems were encountered with gel ~ormation during dilution.
Claims (9)
1. A composition which comprises at least 65%
by weight of a salt of an alcohol ether sulphate of the formula:
[RO(C2H4O)nSO3]m-Mm+
where R represents an alkyl group having 10 to 20 carbon atoms, n is an integer in the range of 1 to 7, M is an ammonium, substituted ammonium, alkali or alkaline earth metal ion and m is the valency of M, and a gel inhibiting quantity of polyethylene glycol.
by weight of a salt of an alcohol ether sulphate of the formula:
[RO(C2H4O)nSO3]m-Mm+
where R represents an alkyl group having 10 to 20 carbon atoms, n is an integer in the range of 1 to 7, M is an ammonium, substituted ammonium, alkali or alkaline earth metal ion and m is the valency of M, and a gel inhibiting quantity of polyethylene glycol.
2. A composition as claimed in Claim 1 in which the compound of average molecular weight 500 to 10,000 is a polyethylene glycol.
3. A composition as claimed in Claim 2 in which the polyethylene glycol has an average molecular weight of 500 to 6,000.
4. A composition as claimed in Claim 3 in which 0.5 to 5% by weight of polyethylene glycol is present.
5. A composition as claimed in Claim 4 in which the salt of the alcohol ether sulphate is a sodium, potassium, magnesium or ammonium salt.
6. A composition as claimed in Claim 5 in which R is an alkyl group having 12 to 16 carbon atoms and n is an integer in the range 1 to 4.
7. A process in which an alcohol ether sulphate salt of which the anion has the formula [RO(C2H4O)nSO3]-where R is an alkyl group having 10 to 20 carbon atoms and n is an integer in the range 1 to 7 is mixed with a gel inhibiting amount of a compound (other than a sulphate or sulphate salt) of average molecular weight 500 to 10,000 which comprises at least one polyalkylene glycol chain, the said compound comprising a total of at least two ether linkages per seven carbon atoms, and is then diluted with water.
8. A process in which the formation of gels on diluting an alcohol ether sulphate salt of which the anion has the formula.
[RO(C2H4O)nSO3]-where R is an alkyl group having 10 to 20 carbon atoms and n is an integer in the range 1 to 7 with water is inhibited by admixing the alcohol ether sulphate salt with a gel-inhibiting amount of polyethylene glycol of average molecular weight 500 to 10,000 before dilution.
[RO(C2H4O)nSO3]-where R is an alkyl group having 10 to 20 carbon atoms and n is an integer in the range 1 to 7 with water is inhibited by admixing the alcohol ether sulphate salt with a gel-inhibiting amount of polyethylene glycol of average molecular weight 500 to 10,000 before dilution.
9. A process as claimed in Claim 8 wherein the concentration of the said alcohol ether sulphate salt is at least 65% by weight before dilution.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8105257 | 1981-02-19 | ||
| GB8105257 | 1981-02-19 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1165660A true CA1165660A (en) | 1984-04-17 |
Family
ID=10519822
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000396422A Expired CA1165660A (en) | 1981-02-19 | 1982-02-17 | Surface active compositions |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0059043B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS57155298A (en) |
| AR (1) | AR228638A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU555929B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8200899A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1165660A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3265500D1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES9000010A1 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO158565C (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA821048B (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5112519A (en) * | 1989-06-05 | 1992-05-12 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Process for production of biodegradable surfactants and compositions thereof |
| JPH07274346A (en) * | 1994-03-29 | 1995-10-20 | Mirai Ind Co Ltd | Dust-proof packing for box |
| ATE273375T1 (en) * | 1996-06-28 | 2004-08-15 | Procter & Gamble | DISHWASHING DETERGENT WITH REDUCED TENSION TO GELATE |
| AU2001272510A1 (en) * | 2000-06-26 | 2002-01-08 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Alcohol mixtures having 13 and 15 carbon atoms and the use thereof in the preparation of surface-active substances |
| WO2002077143A1 (en) * | 2001-03-21 | 2002-10-03 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Hand dishwashing composition |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3963649A (en) * | 1972-09-11 | 1976-06-15 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Liquid detergent composition |
| LU66053A1 (en) * | 1972-09-11 | 1974-03-14 | ||
| US4304680A (en) * | 1973-02-05 | 1981-12-08 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Laundry soap |
| CA1016832A (en) * | 1973-02-05 | 1977-09-06 | Harold E. Wixon | Laundry soap |
| JPS50116383A (en) * | 1973-10-29 | 1975-09-11 | ||
| JPS5335711A (en) * | 1976-09-14 | 1978-04-03 | Kao Corp | Neutral liquid detergent composition |
| JPS5916598B2 (en) * | 1978-12-05 | 1984-04-16 | ライオン株式会社 | Enzyme-containing cleaning composition |
| JPS598392B2 (en) * | 1979-06-29 | 1984-02-24 | 花王株式会社 | cleaning composition |
| DE3066054D1 (en) * | 1979-09-01 | 1984-02-09 | Henkel Kgaa | Watery tenside concentrates and process for the improvement of the flowing property of difficultly movable watery tenside concentrates |
| DE3166233D1 (en) * | 1980-02-05 | 1984-10-31 | Procter & Gamble | Liquid detergent composition |
-
1982
- 1982-02-09 DE DE8282300640T patent/DE3265500D1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-02-09 EP EP82300640A patent/EP0059043B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-02-15 AU AU80485/82A patent/AU555929B2/en not_active Expired
- 1982-02-17 CA CA000396422A patent/CA1165660A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-02-17 ZA ZA821048A patent/ZA821048B/en unknown
- 1982-02-18 JP JP57025240A patent/JPS57155298A/en active Granted
- 1982-02-18 BR BR8200899A patent/BR8200899A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-02-18 ES ES509713A patent/ES9000010A1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-02-18 NO NO820510A patent/NO158565C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-02-19 AR AR288480A patent/AR228638A1/en active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO820510L (en) | 1982-08-20 |
| AR228638A1 (en) | 1983-03-30 |
| DE3265500D1 (en) | 1985-09-26 |
| JPS57155298A (en) | 1982-09-25 |
| ES9000010A1 (en) | 1989-10-16 |
| AU555929B2 (en) | 1986-10-16 |
| JPH0525920B2 (en) | 1993-04-14 |
| EP0059043B1 (en) | 1985-08-21 |
| EP0059043A1 (en) | 1982-09-01 |
| NO158565C (en) | 1988-10-05 |
| AU8048582A (en) | 1982-08-26 |
| ZA821048B (en) | 1982-10-27 |
| BR8200899A (en) | 1982-12-28 |
| NO158565B (en) | 1988-06-27 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |