CA1162983A - Power supply for magnetron and the like loads - Google Patents
Power supply for magnetron and the like loadsInfo
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- CA1162983A CA1162983A CA000367243A CA367243A CA1162983A CA 1162983 A CA1162983 A CA 1162983A CA 000367243 A CA000367243 A CA 000367243A CA 367243 A CA367243 A CA 367243A CA 1162983 A CA1162983 A CA 1162983A
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Abstract
POWER SUPPLY FOR MAGNETRON AND
THE LIKE LOADS
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A flyback-type high-frequency, high-voltage power supply for energizing a self-rectifying load, such as a magnetron microwave power generator for a microwave oven and the like. A switching device is connected in series with a primary winding of a transformer to provide pulses of energy to a self-resonant circuit at the transformer secondary winding. The self-resonant circuit includes the electrical capacitance of the load connected across the transformer secondary winding. The load conducts only for unipolarity excitation exceeding a minimum magnitude. A clamping diode is positioned in parallel with the switching device, at the transformer primary winding, to protect the switching device from reverse-voltage effects. A high-voltage rectifier is not required in this relatively light-weight power supply.
THE LIKE LOADS
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A flyback-type high-frequency, high-voltage power supply for energizing a self-rectifying load, such as a magnetron microwave power generator for a microwave oven and the like. A switching device is connected in series with a primary winding of a transformer to provide pulses of energy to a self-resonant circuit at the transformer secondary winding. The self-resonant circuit includes the electrical capacitance of the load connected across the transformer secondary winding. The load conducts only for unipolarity excitation exceeding a minimum magnitude. A clamping diode is positioned in parallel with the switching device, at the transformer primary winding, to protect the switching device from reverse-voltage effects. A high-voltage rectifier is not required in this relatively light-weight power supply.
Description
t~ RD-11045 POWER SUPPL~ FOR MAGNETRON AND
THE LIKE LOADS
Background of the Invention ~ he present invention concerns power supplies and, more particularly, a self-resonant power supply of the flyback type which does not require a high-voltage rectifier for supplying operating energy to a microwave oven magnetron and the like loads.
Magnetron microwave generators are becoming more widely used in food preparation appliances, such as microwave ovens and the like. The power supply utilized in many presently available microwave ovens typically utilizes a high-reactance voltage step-up transformer and a voltage doubler. Typically, a capacitance is in series between the transformer secondary winding and the load, and a voltage-doubling diode is across the anode-cathode circuit of the magnetron to provide a voltage-doubled, half-wave current supply for the ma~netron. A
rectified sinewave portion of operating current is applied to the magnetron at a repetition rate equal to the line frequency, e.g. 60 Hertz (Hz.~.
These relatively-low-frequency power supplies are of relatively great weight and require addi-tional structural strength in the microwave appliance to ; protect against physical damage during shipment and use. Additionally, the typical magnetron power supply is o relatively great manufacturing cost.
; It is desirable to not only reduce the cost and weight of the magnetron power supply, but also to more easily control the amount of energy being supplied to the miGrowave-power-generating magnetron to pxovide :
l 1~2~3 great~r control of the food preparation sequences achievable therewith.
Brief Summary of the I_vention In accordance with the invention, a power supply for energizing a magnetron and the like self-recti~ying load, through which a current flows only when a predetermined minimum voltage of a single polarity is exceeded thereacross, comprises ~ a transformer having a primary winding in series ; 10 between a controlled-current-path through a switching device, and a source of operating voltage, as may be provided by rectifying the power line voltage and the like. A secondary winding of the transformer connects across the load. An electrical capacitance across the inductance of the primary winding is of a magnitude sufficient to resonate the transformer winding at a frequency greater than the frequency of a driving signal applied to a controlling element of the switching device. A device having unidirectional curLent-flow characteristics is connected in parallel with the controlled-current-flow circuit of the switching device to prevent application of voltages of improper polarity across the switching device during half-cycles of oscillatory voltage, present at the primary winding of the transformer due to the resonance effect. The frequency and/or duty cycle of the controlling signal, to the controlled switching device, is varied to vary the amount of current drawn by the load device such as a magnetron and -the like, and thus control the amount of power consumed (and the microwave power generated -thereby).
, .. ,, .. --- --- --- -~ 1~29~3 In one presently preferred embodiment, the resonating eapacitanee is provided by filament bypass capaeitanee eoupled from the magnetron filament~
itself connected to an end of the high voltage secondary of the transformer, to eleetrical ground potential. In other presently preferred embodiments, a resonating capacitance is connected in parallel with the controlled-current-cirueuit af the switehing device and is of magnitude selected to to resonate with the induetance appearing at the primary winding of the high voltage transformer;
the total eapaeitanee across the winding induetanee may be the sum of the resonating eapacitance aeross the primary winding and the load eapaeitance reflected from the secondary winding baek to the primary winding.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a resonant power supply for energizing a load eonsumer power only if a minimum voltage thereacross is exeeeded.
This and other objeets of the present invention will beeome apparent upon consideration of the following detailed deseription, when taken in eonjunetion with the drawings.
Brief Deseription of the Drawin~
Figure 1 is a sehematie diagram of a mierowave oven magnetron and of a power supply, therefor, in aeeordanee with the prineiples of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a sehematie diagram of the equivalent eireuit of a portion of the power supply of Figure 1 ~ 1~2,9~3 RD-11045 and useful in understanding the operation thereof~
Figure 3 is a set of interrelated current and voltage waveforms Erom the simplified circuit of Figure 2, and useful in understanding operational principles of the present invention;
Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a base drive circuit suitable for use in the power supply of Figure l; and Figure 5 (located on the first sheet of drawings) ` is a second presently preferred embodiment of a power supply for supplying operational power to a microwave oven magnetron and similar loads.
Detailed Description of the Invention Referring initially to Figure l, a power supply lO for energizing a load, such as microwave oven magnetron'll and the like, provides a voltage VM across the load magnetron,, with positive polarity at a magnetron anode lla coupled to electrical ground potential, and with negative polarity at one of a pair of leads llb of a magnetron filament llc serving to heat a magnetron cathode lld for emission of electrons therefrom. The magnetron filament leads llb are connected to the ends of a secondary winding 12a of a filament transformer 12 having its primary winding 12b connected to the power line voltage, typically on the order of 115 volts A.C. at 60 Hz.
As is well known, upon application of an electrical potential between magnetron anode lla and magnetron cathode lld, of a magnitude greater than some minimum potential, t~pically on the order of three to four kilovolts (kV.), the magnetron draws anode current IM and produces microwave power which is output J~
~ ~6~3 from the generator 11 to, inter alia, cook food and the like in a microwave oven and the like. Presently, a typical power supply for supplying operating current to magnetron 11 would include a 60 Hz. high-voltage step-up transformer having a high-voltage capacitor in serie~ between one end of the high-voltage secondary winding and the magnetron, and a high-voltage doubler diode in parallel with the magnetron. This form of power supply (not shown) typically operates at the 60 Hz. line frequency and is characterized by a relatively heavy and expensive transformer, as well as relatively expensive high-voltage capacitor and diode components.
Power supply 10 operates at a frequency typically two to three orders of magnitude greater ;
than the line requency, e.g. between about 20 kHz.
and about 100 kHz., whereby the weight of a transformer 14, utilized for voltage step-up purposes, is reduced.
Power supply 10 does not require either a high-voltage, voltage-doubler capacitor or a high-voltage diode.
` ~ A primary winding 14a of high-voltage transformer 14 is connected between a source of voltage od magnitude -ttV and the controlled-current-flow circuit of a switching device 15. The operating voltage of magnitude tty may be obtained by rectification of the 115 volts 60 Hz. line voltage and may thus be of magnitude on the order of 170 volts D.C. peak. In my preferred embodiment, control]ed switching device 15 is a transistor having: a collector electrode 15a coupled to the remaining end of transformer primary winding 14a; an emitter electrode 15b coupled to electrical ground potential; and a base electrode 15c, "
RD-110~5 ~ ~29~3 into which a flow of current controls the current flowing through the collector-emitter circuit of transistor 15, and hence through primary winding l~a, during at least a portion of a power supply cycle.
A base drive circuit 17 receives one, or more, operating potentials (+V) of relatively low magnitude, on the order of 5-15 volts D.C., -to provide an output 17a coupled between the base and emitter electrodes of switching device 15 for providing the current controlling signal thereto. The input 17b of the base drive circuit receives a relatively low-power signal serving to establish the timing characteristics of the base electrode drive to the switching device and therefor the magnitude of microwave produced by magnetron generator 11.
A clamping diode 19 has its cathode electrode connected to the junction between primary winding 14a and switching device collector electrode 15a, and has its anode electrode connected to switching device .
emitter electrode 15b and electrical ground 20. A
snubbing network 21, comprised of a resistance 22 in series of an electrical capacitance 23, is connected in electrical parallel across diode 19 and the controlled-current-flow circuit (from collector 15a to emitter 15b of device 15).
In the embodiment of Figure 1, magnetron filament leads llb are coupled through electromagnetic-interference-suppressing bypass capacitors Cfl and Cf2, each having a capacitance chosen to provide a total capacitance C across secondary winding 14b to resonate the secondary winding 14b at a resonant frequency greater than the operating frequency, which I :~62g~3 is between about 20 kHz. and about 100 kHz. Transformer 14 is a voltage step-up transformer having Nl primary winding turns and N2 secondary winding turns, where N2 is greater than Nl.
Referring now to Figures 1, 2 and 3, operation of the high voltage portion of power supply 10 may be better understood by considering the equivalent circuit (Figure 2) of the load magnetron, as reflected to the primary winding side of transformer 14.
~ 10 As previously mentioned hereinabove, current flows : through the magnetron only if the magnetron anode is positive with respect to the magnetron cathode and only if the voltage from anode to cathode of the magnetron exceeds some minimum voltage. Thus, the magnetron ~; appears to be a series circuit including a diode lle having its anode connected to the magnetron anode and having its cathode connected to the anode of a high-voltage zener diode llf, of zener voltage equal to ~: the minimum magnetron voltage VMagl, and having its cathode connected to the cathode of the magnetron.
The magnetron circuit capacitance appears from anode to cathode of the magnetron and in parallel with the series diode-zenar diode circuit. When reflected ~rom the secondary winding 14b to primary winding 14a, the magnetron.equivalent circuit appears as an equivalent capacitance C' in parallel with the magnetron ~ ~ diode circuit, including series diode lle and series .~ zener diode 11f, all in electrical parallel connection :~ with the mutual inductance LM f the transformer. The ; 30 magnitude C' of the reflected resonating capacitor is equal to the resonating capacitance C times the square of ~he ratio of turns of the secondary winding : - 7 -;
~ ~2~3 2 to the turns of the primary winding, i.e. C' = C(Nl/N2) .
The reflected minimum magnetron zener voltage VMag' is equal to the minimum magnetron voltage VMag times the step-down ratio of the turns of thé primary winding to the turns of the secondary winding Mag VMag (Nl/N2). ~ primary winding self-inductance Lp (of magnitude much smaller than the mutual inductance LM) is in series between the mutual inductance of the primary winding and the operating voltage potential ++V at terminal 27. The opposite end of mutual inductance LM is connected to the collector of transistor 15, at which point are connected the cathode of diode 19 and one end of snubber network 21. The remaining end of network 21, diode 10 and the emitter electrode 15b of switching device 15 are connected to the common (or ground potential) texminal 20.
Operation of the resonant fly-back power supply is as follows: ~ssume initially that the minimum magnetron voltage VMag is equal to ~: Vin(N2/Nl); therefor VMag = Vin- Prior to some time to, capacitance C' has been charged to the input voltage Vin. The voltage Vc' is equal to Vin (Figure 3, waveform e)~ There is no current I2 flowing through the mutual inductance LM (Figure 3, wave~orm ~). When base drive circuit 17 suppl]es a current signal of sufficient magnitude into base electrode 15c, transistor 15 is driven into the heavily-conducting condition, whereby a substantially short circuit appears between collector electrode 15a and emitter electrode 15b. In this condition, substantially the entire operating v`oltage Vin
THE LIKE LOADS
Background of the Invention ~ he present invention concerns power supplies and, more particularly, a self-resonant power supply of the flyback type which does not require a high-voltage rectifier for supplying operating energy to a microwave oven magnetron and the like loads.
Magnetron microwave generators are becoming more widely used in food preparation appliances, such as microwave ovens and the like. The power supply utilized in many presently available microwave ovens typically utilizes a high-reactance voltage step-up transformer and a voltage doubler. Typically, a capacitance is in series between the transformer secondary winding and the load, and a voltage-doubling diode is across the anode-cathode circuit of the magnetron to provide a voltage-doubled, half-wave current supply for the ma~netron. A
rectified sinewave portion of operating current is applied to the magnetron at a repetition rate equal to the line frequency, e.g. 60 Hertz (Hz.~.
These relatively-low-frequency power supplies are of relatively great weight and require addi-tional structural strength in the microwave appliance to ; protect against physical damage during shipment and use. Additionally, the typical magnetron power supply is o relatively great manufacturing cost.
; It is desirable to not only reduce the cost and weight of the magnetron power supply, but also to more easily control the amount of energy being supplied to the miGrowave-power-generating magnetron to pxovide :
l 1~2~3 great~r control of the food preparation sequences achievable therewith.
Brief Summary of the I_vention In accordance with the invention, a power supply for energizing a magnetron and the like self-recti~ying load, through which a current flows only when a predetermined minimum voltage of a single polarity is exceeded thereacross, comprises ~ a transformer having a primary winding in series ; 10 between a controlled-current-path through a switching device, and a source of operating voltage, as may be provided by rectifying the power line voltage and the like. A secondary winding of the transformer connects across the load. An electrical capacitance across the inductance of the primary winding is of a magnitude sufficient to resonate the transformer winding at a frequency greater than the frequency of a driving signal applied to a controlling element of the switching device. A device having unidirectional curLent-flow characteristics is connected in parallel with the controlled-current-flow circuit of the switching device to prevent application of voltages of improper polarity across the switching device during half-cycles of oscillatory voltage, present at the primary winding of the transformer due to the resonance effect. The frequency and/or duty cycle of the controlling signal, to the controlled switching device, is varied to vary the amount of current drawn by the load device such as a magnetron and -the like, and thus control the amount of power consumed (and the microwave power generated -thereby).
, .. ,, .. --- --- --- -~ 1~29~3 In one presently preferred embodiment, the resonating eapacitanee is provided by filament bypass capaeitanee eoupled from the magnetron filament~
itself connected to an end of the high voltage secondary of the transformer, to eleetrical ground potential. In other presently preferred embodiments, a resonating capacitance is connected in parallel with the controlled-current-cirueuit af the switehing device and is of magnitude selected to to resonate with the induetance appearing at the primary winding of the high voltage transformer;
the total eapaeitanee across the winding induetanee may be the sum of the resonating eapacitance aeross the primary winding and the load eapaeitance reflected from the secondary winding baek to the primary winding.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a resonant power supply for energizing a load eonsumer power only if a minimum voltage thereacross is exeeeded.
This and other objeets of the present invention will beeome apparent upon consideration of the following detailed deseription, when taken in eonjunetion with the drawings.
Brief Deseription of the Drawin~
Figure 1 is a sehematie diagram of a mierowave oven magnetron and of a power supply, therefor, in aeeordanee with the prineiples of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a sehematie diagram of the equivalent eireuit of a portion of the power supply of Figure 1 ~ 1~2,9~3 RD-11045 and useful in understanding the operation thereof~
Figure 3 is a set of interrelated current and voltage waveforms Erom the simplified circuit of Figure 2, and useful in understanding operational principles of the present invention;
Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a base drive circuit suitable for use in the power supply of Figure l; and Figure 5 (located on the first sheet of drawings) ` is a second presently preferred embodiment of a power supply for supplying operational power to a microwave oven magnetron and similar loads.
Detailed Description of the Invention Referring initially to Figure l, a power supply lO for energizing a load, such as microwave oven magnetron'll and the like, provides a voltage VM across the load magnetron,, with positive polarity at a magnetron anode lla coupled to electrical ground potential, and with negative polarity at one of a pair of leads llb of a magnetron filament llc serving to heat a magnetron cathode lld for emission of electrons therefrom. The magnetron filament leads llb are connected to the ends of a secondary winding 12a of a filament transformer 12 having its primary winding 12b connected to the power line voltage, typically on the order of 115 volts A.C. at 60 Hz.
As is well known, upon application of an electrical potential between magnetron anode lla and magnetron cathode lld, of a magnitude greater than some minimum potential, t~pically on the order of three to four kilovolts (kV.), the magnetron draws anode current IM and produces microwave power which is output J~
~ ~6~3 from the generator 11 to, inter alia, cook food and the like in a microwave oven and the like. Presently, a typical power supply for supplying operating current to magnetron 11 would include a 60 Hz. high-voltage step-up transformer having a high-voltage capacitor in serie~ between one end of the high-voltage secondary winding and the magnetron, and a high-voltage doubler diode in parallel with the magnetron. This form of power supply (not shown) typically operates at the 60 Hz. line frequency and is characterized by a relatively heavy and expensive transformer, as well as relatively expensive high-voltage capacitor and diode components.
Power supply 10 operates at a frequency typically two to three orders of magnitude greater ;
than the line requency, e.g. between about 20 kHz.
and about 100 kHz., whereby the weight of a transformer 14, utilized for voltage step-up purposes, is reduced.
Power supply 10 does not require either a high-voltage, voltage-doubler capacitor or a high-voltage diode.
` ~ A primary winding 14a of high-voltage transformer 14 is connected between a source of voltage od magnitude -ttV and the controlled-current-flow circuit of a switching device 15. The operating voltage of magnitude tty may be obtained by rectification of the 115 volts 60 Hz. line voltage and may thus be of magnitude on the order of 170 volts D.C. peak. In my preferred embodiment, control]ed switching device 15 is a transistor having: a collector electrode 15a coupled to the remaining end of transformer primary winding 14a; an emitter electrode 15b coupled to electrical ground potential; and a base electrode 15c, "
RD-110~5 ~ ~29~3 into which a flow of current controls the current flowing through the collector-emitter circuit of transistor 15, and hence through primary winding l~a, during at least a portion of a power supply cycle.
A base drive circuit 17 receives one, or more, operating potentials (+V) of relatively low magnitude, on the order of 5-15 volts D.C., -to provide an output 17a coupled between the base and emitter electrodes of switching device 15 for providing the current controlling signal thereto. The input 17b of the base drive circuit receives a relatively low-power signal serving to establish the timing characteristics of the base electrode drive to the switching device and therefor the magnitude of microwave produced by magnetron generator 11.
A clamping diode 19 has its cathode electrode connected to the junction between primary winding 14a and switching device collector electrode 15a, and has its anode electrode connected to switching device .
emitter electrode 15b and electrical ground 20. A
snubbing network 21, comprised of a resistance 22 in series of an electrical capacitance 23, is connected in electrical parallel across diode 19 and the controlled-current-flow circuit (from collector 15a to emitter 15b of device 15).
In the embodiment of Figure 1, magnetron filament leads llb are coupled through electromagnetic-interference-suppressing bypass capacitors Cfl and Cf2, each having a capacitance chosen to provide a total capacitance C across secondary winding 14b to resonate the secondary winding 14b at a resonant frequency greater than the operating frequency, which I :~62g~3 is between about 20 kHz. and about 100 kHz. Transformer 14 is a voltage step-up transformer having Nl primary winding turns and N2 secondary winding turns, where N2 is greater than Nl.
Referring now to Figures 1, 2 and 3, operation of the high voltage portion of power supply 10 may be better understood by considering the equivalent circuit (Figure 2) of the load magnetron, as reflected to the primary winding side of transformer 14.
~ 10 As previously mentioned hereinabove, current flows : through the magnetron only if the magnetron anode is positive with respect to the magnetron cathode and only if the voltage from anode to cathode of the magnetron exceeds some minimum voltage. Thus, the magnetron ~; appears to be a series circuit including a diode lle having its anode connected to the magnetron anode and having its cathode connected to the anode of a high-voltage zener diode llf, of zener voltage equal to ~: the minimum magnetron voltage VMagl, and having its cathode connected to the cathode of the magnetron.
The magnetron circuit capacitance appears from anode to cathode of the magnetron and in parallel with the series diode-zenar diode circuit. When reflected ~rom the secondary winding 14b to primary winding 14a, the magnetron.equivalent circuit appears as an equivalent capacitance C' in parallel with the magnetron ~ ~ diode circuit, including series diode lle and series .~ zener diode 11f, all in electrical parallel connection :~ with the mutual inductance LM f the transformer. The ; 30 magnitude C' of the reflected resonating capacitor is equal to the resonating capacitance C times the square of ~he ratio of turns of the secondary winding : - 7 -;
~ ~2~3 2 to the turns of the primary winding, i.e. C' = C(Nl/N2) .
The reflected minimum magnetron zener voltage VMag' is equal to the minimum magnetron voltage VMag times the step-down ratio of the turns of thé primary winding to the turns of the secondary winding Mag VMag (Nl/N2). ~ primary winding self-inductance Lp (of magnitude much smaller than the mutual inductance LM) is in series between the mutual inductance of the primary winding and the operating voltage potential ++V at terminal 27. The opposite end of mutual inductance LM is connected to the collector of transistor 15, at which point are connected the cathode of diode 19 and one end of snubber network 21. The remaining end of network 21, diode 10 and the emitter electrode 15b of switching device 15 are connected to the common (or ground potential) texminal 20.
Operation of the resonant fly-back power supply is as follows: ~ssume initially that the minimum magnetron voltage VMag is equal to ~: Vin(N2/Nl); therefor VMag = Vin- Prior to some time to, capacitance C' has been charged to the input voltage Vin. The voltage Vc' is equal to Vin (Figure 3, waveform e)~ There is no current I2 flowing through the mutual inductance LM (Figure 3, wave~orm ~). When base drive circuit 17 suppl]es a current signal of sufficient magnitude into base electrode 15c, transistor 15 is driven into the heavily-conducting condition, whereby a substantially short circuit appears between collector electrode 15a and emitter electrode 15b. In this condition, substantially the entire operating v`oltage Vin
2~3 appears across the transformer primary winding 14a.
Input current lin flows from opexating potential terminal 27 sequentially through the primary winding inductance Lp and the mutual inductance LM. The voltage across the mutual inductance is such that the magnetron is reverse-biased and therefore diode lle is also reverse-biased, whereby the magnetron current IM' (being the magnetron current IM reflected through the transformer to primary winding 14a) is substantially zero, as the magnetron does not conduct. The current Il (Figure 3, waveform a) increases linearly, between time to (when switching device 15 is initially placed in the on condition), and time tl (when device 15 is turned off, as by removing drive to base electrode 1 c). During the same time interval, the current I2 through magnetizing inductance LM is also linearly increasing and is of magnitude substantially iden-tical to the current Il flowing into switching device collector electrode 15a, as the current Ic' (Figure 3, waveform c) flowing through the reflected resonating capacitance C' is substantially zero and the reverse-biased magnetron current IM' (Figure 3, waveform d) is also substantially zero. The shape of the I2 waveform obtains from the condition that (dI2/dt = Vin/LM).
During the time interval to-tl, the voltage Vc', across reflected resonating capacitor C', remains substantially equal to the operating potential Vin (waveform e of Figure 3), while, as previously mentioned hereinabove, the collector voltage V~
(waveform f of Figure 3) across switching device 15 is substantially equal to zero volts.
g _ ~ ~62~3 At time tl, switching device 15 turns off and the energy stored in mutual inductance LM is transferred to the secondary winding. Current Il falls to zero, as device 15 is now in the open, or non conducting, condition. Current ~2~ through mutual inductance LM, cannot abruptly change~ As the magnetron load is not conducting, the mutual inductance current I2 must flow as capacitance current Ic, into the equivalent reflected capacitance C'. Thus, at time tlj current Ic' suddenly jumps from an essentially zero current flow to a peak current flow proportional to the value of the current I2 flowing in the mutual inductance immediately prior to the turning-off of transistor 15. The current Ic' flows into capacitance Cl and sinusoidally charges the capacitance toward a peak voltage Vc' (Peak) =
LMI2 (peak)/C' (Figure 3, waveform e). The capacitor voltage Vc' continues to charge in the negative direction until this voltage, which is also the voltage across reflected magnetron cathode-anode circuit, reaches the equivalent minimum voltage (~VMag') at the magnetron cathode. Magnetron diode lle now conducts and a flow of magnetron current IM' commences. At this time t2' essentially all of the mutual inductance current I2 is drawn by the magnetron load, and the capacitance charging current Ic' (Figure 3, waveform d) falls to zero. The decreasing magnitude of mutual inductance current ~2 (Figure 3, waveform b) is the decreasing magnitude of the magnetron load current IM and, during the time interval from time t2 (when the magnetron begins to conduct) until a time t3 (when the magnetron current reaches zero) is a substantially linearly decreasing current given by the condition (dIM'/dt = VMay'/LM). During the time interval t2-t3, the voltage Vc' across the equivalent capacitance is held essentially at the magnetron equivalent zener voltage, which, as previously stated hereinabove, is equal in magnitude to the magnitude of the input voltage Vin. The voltage VA across the open collector-emitter circuit of transistor 15 is equal to the sum of the input voltage Vin plus the equivalent capacitance voltage Vc'. Vc' is now equal in magnitude to the input voltage Vin, by the initial assumption for the turns ratio of the trans~ormer.
Thus, the maximum collector-emitter voltage which device 15 must sustain is equal to twice the supply potential (Vin), as seen in Figure 3, waveform f.
At time t3, the energy stored in mutual inductance LM falls to zero, whereby the mutual inductance current I2 is equal to zero. The magnetron current IM' also is essentially of zero magnitude and the magnetron ceases conduction. However, the voltage Vc' across equivalent capacitance C' is still equal to the equivalent magnetron load voltage ~VMag', whereby the equivalent capacitance now pumps stored charge back into the mutual inductance, with the mutual inductance current I2 having a negative polarity (current flow in the direction opposite to the direction of arrow I2). The equivalent capacitance voltage Vc' rises toward zero volts, and, as the current I2 now flowing through the mutual inductance must remain continuous, the effective capacitance and mutual inductance "ring". The effective capacitance C' begins to sinusoidally charge toward a voltage Vc' ;
9 ~ 3 RD-11045 equal to the input voltage Vi . The device collector-emitter voltage VA (which is equal to the input voltage Vin minus the capacitance voltage Vc') falls until, at time t4, voltage VA is equal to zero volts (when capacitance voltage Vc' is equal to +Vin volts).
At time t4, all of the currents Il,I2,IM' and Ic' are essentially equal to zero, while the equivalent capacitance voltage Vc' is equal to the input voltage Vi and the device collector-emitter voltage VA is essentially zero volts. Switching device 15 is again turned on at time t4 (see Il and I2 curves (broken lines 30-31)) to restart the cycle, at which time the capacitance voltage Vc' is indeed equal to the input voltage Vinl, as was the initial assumption.
The cycles are repeated for as long a time interval as magnetron ouput is desired.
In the event that magnetron 11 does not draw current after time tl, as might be caused by lack of power to filament llc, the current stored in the magnetizing inductance is pumped into the equivalent ` capacitance C' and a sinusoidal oscillation starts.
However, as soon as the voltage Vc' across the equivalent capacitance reaches a value~equal to -Vin~, . j i catching diode 19 is forward biased and draws current from the mutual inductance-effective capacitance circuit to ground potential, at terminal 20, until the effective capacitance voltage returns to a value of +Vin and another cycle of power supply may commence.
If the load magnetron conducts during a subsequent power supply cycle, operation is as described hereinabove, while if the magnetron still does not conduct, the beginning of an oscillatory current condition again RD-110~5 2 ~ ~ 3 occurs and catching diode 19 again conducts until the capacitance voltage is equal to the input voltage.
It will be seen that: transformer 1~ should have a relatively low primary leakage inductance Lp to avoid potentially destructive high-voltage spikes from appearing across the power transistor at turn-off; catching diode 19 functions to protect the collector-emitter circuit of device 15 from application of negative polarity voltages VA thereacross;
and snubber circuit 21 protects against high positive voltage spikes at the transistor collector when the transistor is turned off. Similarly, the required peak voltage and current ratings of switching device 15 are determined from the peak magnetron current, operating potential and transistor turn-on and turn-off characteristics. In the event of failure of the magnetron to conduct, switching device 15 is protected from negative collector voltages, with respect to the emitter electrode 15b thereof, by means of diode 19, which would then be forward biased and would be rated to conduct a peak faultcurrent equal to the maximum current Il conducted by switching device 15 during the energy-storage portion of the cycle, e.g., in the time interval to-tl. It will also be seen that the magnetron output power can be varied by varying the time interval to ~ tl, to control the magnitude of I2 (peak) in mutual inductance LM, and therefore the peak magnitude of IM.
A larger or shorter time interval to-tl will increase or decrease, respectively, the amplitude of I2 (peak) and the peak value of IM.
~ ~2~3 In the foregoing, illustrated as MODE 1 of power supply operation, the reflected magnetron voltage VMag' (being the magnetron voltage VMag reflected back through the transformer to the primary winding and therefore equal to the magnetron voltage : divided by the turns ratio of the transformer) is : assumed essentially equal to the magnitude Vin of the operating voltage. However, all magnetrons will not have essentially identical operating voltages VMag, ; 10 at which voltage current conduction therethrough occurs. It is desirable to have a single power supply configuration which can be utiliæed without adjustment in conjunction with loads having somewhat greater, or somewhat lesser, voltages at which current conduction occurs. In MODE 2, and MODE 3, : respectlvely, the minimum load conduction voltages are respectively greater thanl and less than, the nominal design value, i.e., the MODE 1 value, and accordingly the value of equivalent magnetron .. : 20 zener voltage VMag', as reflected through transformer 14 to the primary winding thereof, is respectively greater than, and less than, the value of operating voltage Vin.
In MODE 2, the same initial conditions (capacitance C' charged to -Vin volts and mutual inductance current I2 equal zero) are assumed as in MODE 1. The portion of each cycle from the initial ; transistor 15 turn-on time t5 to cessation-of-magnetron- :
current-flow time t8 occurs in substantially the same manner as the operation during the time interval to-t3 of MODE 1. The only difference is that, due to the greater negative voltage (-Vhi) needed to begin : ' ~ ::
.
i ~2~3 magnetron current conduction, the MODE 2 time interval between t6, when transistor 15 turns off, and time t7, when the magnetron voltage has reached the minimum conduction voltage and current flow can begin, is somewhat longer than the associated tl-t2 time interval in the MODE 1 case. In MODE 2, the charge stored .in equivalent capacitance C' causes the voltage Vc' thereacross to ring from the negative voltage -Vhi to the input voltage Vin, starting at time t8 after the magnetron turns off. At time tg/
the voltage Vc' across the capacitor has become equal to the supply voltage Vin and forward biases catching diode 19. The catching diode 19 must conduct over the time interval from time tg to time tlo to allow the remaining current stored in mutual inductance I~
to flow through the now forward-biased catching diode 19 as current Il of negative magnitude (area 33 of waveform a of Figure 3). Thus, during the time interval from time tg to tlo, the current I2 in mutual ; 20 inductance LM will decrease linearly with time, with a slope given by the condition (dI2/dt = Vin/LM).
There will again be no current flow in the mutual : inductance at time tlo. The effective capacitance C' will again be charged to the input voltage Vin, and the transistor 15 can again be turned on, at time tlo, to initiate another cycle of the flyback power supply.
In both MODE 1 and MODE 2 the initial conditions are identical and switching device 15 is very lightly ~` stressed as the device turns on with zero circuit current flow therethrough and turns off with essential zero voltage thereacross; only the energy in the transformer leakage inductance must be dissipated by ~ ~ 6~
switching device 15, catching diode 19 and snubber circuit 21.
In MODE 3, the switching device 15 is turned on at the beginning of a cycle at time tlo. A zero magnitude current flow exists at tlo Eor currents Il, I2, IM' and Ic'; the ef~ective capacitance voltage Vc' is equal to the input voltage Vin, and, therefore, the voltage VA across the switching device has an essentially zero magnitude. The mutual inductance current I2 increases linearly until de~ice 15 is turned off at time tll, when a pulse of capacitance current Ic' occurs, as the voltage Vc' across the capacitance falls. At time tl2 the voltage across the magnetron reaches the magnetron conduction voltage, which for the low-voltage case is the negative voltage -V1O. It should be understood that the time interval between tll and time tl2 is somewhat less than the time interval between time tl and time t2 in the MODE 1 case, as the voltage must reach a smaller negati~e magnitude. In the time interval from time tl2 to time tl3, magnetron current IM' flows and, as in the MODE 1 and MODE 2 cases, is a linearly decreasing current ramp, reaching essentially zero magnitude at time tl3. At time tl3, the charge stored in -the equivalent capacitance ini~iates the resonance oscillation, and the voltage acrosss the capacitance ; starts to rise. However, since the negative magnitude of capacitance voltage Vc' was less negative than in the MODE 1 and MODE 2 cases, there is not sufficient energy stored in the equivalent capacitance C' to ring the capacitance voltage Vc' back to the , ~ - 16 ~ RD-11045 ~ ~2~3 positive input voltage +Vin to assume priox initial conditions by a time tl4 when all the stored charge has flowed from equivalent capacitance C', and at which time a turn-on signal drives switching device 15 in-to saturation. Thus, at time tl4, the voltage VA
between the collector and emitter electrodes of the device is a non-zero voltage VA' and the switching device must conduct an initial spike 34 of current I
of magnitude sufficient to recharge the effective capacitance C' to the initial condition wherein the voltage Vc' thereacross is raised, as at 34a in waveform e of Figure 3, to the equal magnitude to the input voltage Vin to begin the next flyback power supply cycle. This large switching-device current pulse increases the switching losses and indicates that the minimum load magnetron voltage V1O, of MODE 3, should be the equivalent magnetron voltage utilized in designing the turns ratio of transformer 14, whereby all magnetrons in a production run would have at least that minimum voltage and the flyback power supply will always operate in one of MODEs 1 and 2, and not in MODE 3.
Referring now to Figure 4, a presently preferred embodiment of base drive circuit 17 is illustrated. First and second sources of potential ~` supply a positive potential rail 40 with a voltage of positive polarity and magnitude +V, while a negative potential rail 41 is supplied with an operating potential of negative polarity and another operating potential -V', which may be of the same or different magnitude as the magnitude V of the voltage on positive supply rail 40. One terminal 17a' ~ ~2~3 of base drive circuit output 17a is connected to ground potential connection 20 at the emitter electrode 15b of the control transistor and to a ground po-tential bus 42, wlthin base drive circuit 17. The base drive circuit 'output terminal 17a'' connected to switching device base electrode 15c is connected through a resistance Rl to negative supply bus 41. A first diode string Dl, which in the illustrated embodiment consists o~ six series-connected diodes, is connected between the two terminals of base drive circuit output 17a.
A capacitor C2 is connected between positive potential bus 40 and ground bus 42, while another capacitor C3 is connected between the ground bus and the negative potential bus 41, with each of the capacitors C2 and C3 providing a low-impedance, energy-storage filter for the positive and negative supplies, respectively.
A driver transister 45 has its collector electrode 45a connected to positive supply bus 40 and has its emitter electrode 45b coupled to the controllable switching device base electrode 15c, via the parallel-connec-ted combination of a resistance R2 and a speed-up capacitor C4. The base electrode 45c of driver transistor 45 is connected via a second string of diodes D2, comprised of five diodes in the presently illustrated embodiment, to ground bus 42. Base electrode 45c is also connected to the collector electrode 47a of a first current-source transistor 47, having its emitter electrode 47b connected to positive supply bus 40 via the parallel combination o an emitter resistor R3 and an emitter capacitor C5. The base electrode 47c of current source transister 47 is connected to positive supply bus 40 via a third diode ~ 9~3 RD-11045 string D3 having a number of diodes chosen to determine the output current of the first current source, in conjunction with the emitter resistance R3. Base electrode 47c is connected, via a paralleled resistance R4 and a speed-up capacitor C6, to the collector electrode 50a of a transistor 50. The emitter electrode 50b is connected to negative supply bus 41 and a base electrode 50c is connected through a resistance R6 to the collector electrode 52a of a phototransistor 52 which forms part of an optoelectronic coupler 54. The phototransistor collector electrode 52a is also connected, via a collector resistor R7, to positive supply bus 40. The emitter electrode 52b of the phototransistor is connected to negative supply bus 41. The optoelectronic coupler 54 also includes a light-emitting device (LED) 56 connected acros~
base drive circuit input terminals 17b. A one-shot m~nostable multivibrator 58 with a current limited output is formed by transistors 60, 61, 62, 63 and 64.
The emitter electrodes 60a and 64a of NPN transistors 60 and 64, respectively, are connected to negative supply bus 41, while the emitter electrode 61a of NPN
transistor 61 is connected to ground bus 42. The emitter electrode 62a of PNP transistor 62 is connected directly to positive supply bus 40, while the emitter electrode 63a of PNP transistor 63 is connected to positive supply bus 40 through a parallel combination of an emitter resistance R8 and an emitter capacitance C7.
The base electrode 60b of first multivibrator transistor 60 is coupled by a resistance Rg to the phototransistor collector electrode 52a. The collector electrode 60c of transistor 60 is coupled to a first terminal of a timin~ capacitance C8; the remaining terminal of C8 is connected to the base electrode 64b of transistor 64, and to a parallel combination of a pull-down resistor Rlo and a reverse-voltage-protection diode D4, between the base electrode 64b and the negative supply bus 41. Transistor collector electrode 60c is also connected, via a collector resistance Rll to positive supply bus 40, and to the anode of a diode D5, having its cathode connected to the base electrode 61b of transistor 61.
Base electrode 61b is connected via a pull-down resistance R12 to ~round bus 42. The collector electrode 61c of transistor 61 is connected via a series pair of resistances R13 and R14 -to positive potential bus 40. The base electrode 62b of transistor 62 is connected to the junction between resistances R13 and R14. The collector electrode 62c is connected via a resistance R15 to the collector electrode 64c of transistor 64. The junction between transistor collector electrode 62c and resistance R15 is connected both to the base electrode 63h of a second current source transistor 63, and to the cathode end of another diode stack D6. The current source - transistor collector electrode 63c is connected to a turn-off node A which is connected to negative potential bus 41 via a paralleled pair of series resistance dividers, respectively comprised of resistances ; R16 and R17, and resistances R18 and Rlg. The junctions ` between resistances R16 and R17, and between resistances R18 and Rlg, are respectively connected to the respective base electrodes 66a and 68a of transistors 66 and 68.
The emitter electrodes 66b and 68b of respective 32~3 transistor 66 and 68 are both connected to negative supply bus 41. The collector electrode 68c of transistor 68 is connected to the junction of transistor collector electrode 47a, transistor base electrode 45c and the anode of diode stack D2. The collector 66c of transistor 66 is connected to the junction of resistances Rl and R2, capacitance C4, the anode electrode of diode stack Dl and base-drive circuit output terminal 17a''.
In operation, it is initially assumed that there is no flow of current into LED 56 of opto-isolator 54, whereby phototransistor 52 is in the cut-off condition. The magnitude of resistances R6, R7 and Rg are chosen such that, with phototransistor 52 off transistors 50 and 60 are saturated. The saturation of transistor 50 pulls the collector electrode 50a thereof to the negative supply bus; the :~;
negative jump in voltage is coupled to the first current source base electrode 47c, by the paralleled resistance R4 and speed-up capacitor C6. Diode stack D3 is ~orward-biased and the voltage drop therethrough holds base electrode 47c to a voltage ~ below the positive potential on bus 40. Transistor 47 ;~ conducts and the voltage across its emitter resistance is equal to the nu~er of diodes drops in diode stack D3 less the base-emitter voltage of transistor 47. In the illustrated embodiment, the voltage across emitter resistance R3 is approximately two diode voltage drops. The number of diode voltage drops and the magnitude o~ emitter resistance R3 determine the current into transistor emitter electrode 47b. Paralleled capacitance C5 is a pulse-shaping ~ ~2~3 capacitor allowing current source transistor 47 to not only turn on qulckly but to also have a higher current at the current-source ou-tput (collector electrode 47a) at the beginning of the conduction period of current source transistor 47. The current from source transistor 47 turns on driver transistor 45 and current at the emitter electrode 45b thereof is supplied to the base electrode 15c of the controlled switching device 15, via base-current-determining resistor R2 and its paralleled speed-up capacitance C4.
The magnitude of current flowing into base electrode 15c ~ is sufficient to place device 15 in the highly-; conducting condition, as at time to of Figure 3.
As previously mentioned hereinabove, - transistor 60 was also placed in the saturated condition by the removal of current flow through LED 56, whereby the voltage at collector electrode 60c is pulled down to the negative voltage on negative supply bus 41.
;~ Transistors 61, 62, 63 and 64 are turned off, whereby current does not flow into node A and transistors 66 and 68 remain in the off condition.
At time tl, when switching device 15 is to be turned off and the resonant fly-back action of the power supply begun (to cause a pulse of current to flow to the load magnetron) a current pulse is introduced at base drive input terminals 17b and through LED 56. The resulting pulse of light is coupled to phototransistor 52, which saturates. The collector electrode 52a is pulled down to the negative voltage (-V') at negative supply rail 41. Transistor 50 is turned off, turning off current source transistor 47, which in turn turns off transistor 45. Resistor Rl, ~ 1~29~
connected between base electrode 15c of the switching transistor and the negative supply bus, draws some of the switching transistor 15 stored charge therefrom to commence turning-off of the switching transistor.
It is desirable to rapidly turn switching transistor 15 off, to prevent excessive energy dissipation therein.
Therefore, the appearance of negative voltage at phototransistor collector 52a, at time tl, turns off multivibrator input transistor 60. The voltage across timing capacitor C8 was previously about zero volts and cannot change instantaneously.
Accordingly, the voltage at input transistor collector electrode 60c and the base electrode 64b of transistor 64, both ]ump to a positive ~oltage. Simultaneously, collector electrode 64c is switched to the negative supply bus operating potential oE -V' ~volts, current flows through resistance R15 to forward-bias diode stack D~, and turns on current source transistor 63.
The magnitude o~ current flowing into node A, from current-source transistor collector electrode 63c, is determined by the number of forward-biased diocles in diode stack D, and the magnitude of emitter resistance R8. Pulse-shaping capacitor C7 acts to provide rapid turn-on of the current source, as well as to provide a higher-current at the beginning of the conduction period of transistor 63. The flow of current into node A turns on both of transistors 66 ; 30 and 68. Transistors 68 and 66 respectively pull the base electrode 45c of driver transistor 45, and the base electrode 15c of the switching transistor 15, 9 ~ 3 both to the negatlve supply voltage on rail 41, whereby driver transistor 45 ceases pumping charge into the switching transistor and the charge stored in the base circult of the switching transistor is rapidly removed therefrom by transistor 66. Th.us, essentially, as soon as a pulse of current is received by LED 56, transistor 15 i5 turned off in as rapid a manner as possible, initiating the resonant fly-back action of the power supply.
As previously mentioned, upon receipt of a current pulse by LED 56, transistor 60 is cut off and the collector electrode voltage thereof jumps to a voltage more positive than the negative voltage on negative supply bus 41. The voltage across timing ~`~ capacitor C8 was initially zero volts, but gradually increases toward +V volts. When series diode D5 is . forward-biased transistor 61 is turned on, turning off transistor 63. Thereafter, transistor 64 is eventually brought out of conduction at some time after the turn-off - 20 time tl at which the turn-off pul.se appeared at the photocoupler. When transistor 64 reaches cut-off, current flow through resistance Rl5 ceases and current-source transistor 63 is cut-off, rèmoving drive at node A and returning translstors 66 a d 68 to the cut-off condition. The time interval, established by the magnitude of timing capacitor C8, during which current source transistor 63 operates, is selected to achieve rapid turn-off of switching device 15. At the cessation of operation of current-source transistor 63 the reverse current flow through the base-emitter junction of switching device 15, caused by the connection of resistance Rl between the negative potential bus ~1 and switching device base electrode 15c, is sufficient to keep switching transistor 15 in the cut off condition, until the current flowing through LED is again removed to supply a turn-on current to the switching transistor base electrode, at the start of the next cycle o~ the fly-back power supply (e.g., at time t5 oE Figure 3).
Referring now to Figure 5, wherein like elements have like reference designations, in the event that the capacitance C' across transf~rmer secondary winding 14b is insufficient to reflect back as an equivalent capacitance resonating with the mutual inductance across primary winding 14a of the transformer, an additional resonating capacitance 80 is utilized across the controlled-curren~ collector-emitter electrode circuit of switching device 15. Thus, the resonating capacitance can be: the equivalent capacitance C' reflected from the primary winding from the secondary winding (including the load); capacitance 80 effectively across the primary winding; or a combination o~ the two. Switching device 15' may be ; the transistor of the Figure 1 embodiment, having a controlled-current path controlled by the current flow at the output 17a' of drive circuit 17', or may be a device, such as a gate-turn-off switch, power FET
and the like, which has current ~low in the path in series with the transformer primary winding controlled by a voltage applied to a device input by the output 17a' of drive circuit 17'.
In this embodiment, the voltage across capacitance 80, in the time interval between time to and time tl, while switching transistor 15 is saturated, t 162983 is essentially zero volts. During this time interval the current in the mutual inductanee of transformer 14 linearly increases and, at time tl, switching device 15 is turned off. The current flowing through primary winding must be continuous and therefore flows into the resonating capaeitance e.g., eapaeitor 80, eapacitor C' or the parallel combination of capacitors C' and 80, eausing ringing to eommenee. A high voltage pulse is generated across secondary winding 14b to drive the magnetron load into conduction, clamping the primary winding voltage. As the energy stored in transformer 14 is depleted by conduetion of the load, the transistor colleetor voltage attempts to swing negative and is clamped substantially to zero volts by eatehing diode 19, at whieh tlme another eyele of the power supply is commeneed by application of a next subsequent turn-on eurrent, and/or voltage, drive pulse to the switching dev:ice from base drive - eircuit 17'.
The present invention has been described with reference to several presently preferred embodiments thereof. Many variations and modifications will now become apparent to those skilled in the art.
It is my intent, -therefore, to be limited only by seope of the impending elaims and not by the speeifie detailed embodiments deseribed herein.
'
Input current lin flows from opexating potential terminal 27 sequentially through the primary winding inductance Lp and the mutual inductance LM. The voltage across the mutual inductance is such that the magnetron is reverse-biased and therefore diode lle is also reverse-biased, whereby the magnetron current IM' (being the magnetron current IM reflected through the transformer to primary winding 14a) is substantially zero, as the magnetron does not conduct. The current Il (Figure 3, waveform a) increases linearly, between time to (when switching device 15 is initially placed in the on condition), and time tl (when device 15 is turned off, as by removing drive to base electrode 1 c). During the same time interval, the current I2 through magnetizing inductance LM is also linearly increasing and is of magnitude substantially iden-tical to the current Il flowing into switching device collector electrode 15a, as the current Ic' (Figure 3, waveform c) flowing through the reflected resonating capacitance C' is substantially zero and the reverse-biased magnetron current IM' (Figure 3, waveform d) is also substantially zero. The shape of the I2 waveform obtains from the condition that (dI2/dt = Vin/LM).
During the time interval to-tl, the voltage Vc', across reflected resonating capacitor C', remains substantially equal to the operating potential Vin (waveform e of Figure 3), while, as previously mentioned hereinabove, the collector voltage V~
(waveform f of Figure 3) across switching device 15 is substantially equal to zero volts.
g _ ~ ~62~3 At time tl, switching device 15 turns off and the energy stored in mutual inductance LM is transferred to the secondary winding. Current Il falls to zero, as device 15 is now in the open, or non conducting, condition. Current ~2~ through mutual inductance LM, cannot abruptly change~ As the magnetron load is not conducting, the mutual inductance current I2 must flow as capacitance current Ic, into the equivalent reflected capacitance C'. Thus, at time tlj current Ic' suddenly jumps from an essentially zero current flow to a peak current flow proportional to the value of the current I2 flowing in the mutual inductance immediately prior to the turning-off of transistor 15. The current Ic' flows into capacitance Cl and sinusoidally charges the capacitance toward a peak voltage Vc' (Peak) =
LMI2 (peak)/C' (Figure 3, waveform e). The capacitor voltage Vc' continues to charge in the negative direction until this voltage, which is also the voltage across reflected magnetron cathode-anode circuit, reaches the equivalent minimum voltage (~VMag') at the magnetron cathode. Magnetron diode lle now conducts and a flow of magnetron current IM' commences. At this time t2' essentially all of the mutual inductance current I2 is drawn by the magnetron load, and the capacitance charging current Ic' (Figure 3, waveform d) falls to zero. The decreasing magnitude of mutual inductance current ~2 (Figure 3, waveform b) is the decreasing magnitude of the magnetron load current IM and, during the time interval from time t2 (when the magnetron begins to conduct) until a time t3 (when the magnetron current reaches zero) is a substantially linearly decreasing current given by the condition (dIM'/dt = VMay'/LM). During the time interval t2-t3, the voltage Vc' across the equivalent capacitance is held essentially at the magnetron equivalent zener voltage, which, as previously stated hereinabove, is equal in magnitude to the magnitude of the input voltage Vin. The voltage VA across the open collector-emitter circuit of transistor 15 is equal to the sum of the input voltage Vin plus the equivalent capacitance voltage Vc'. Vc' is now equal in magnitude to the input voltage Vin, by the initial assumption for the turns ratio of the trans~ormer.
Thus, the maximum collector-emitter voltage which device 15 must sustain is equal to twice the supply potential (Vin), as seen in Figure 3, waveform f.
At time t3, the energy stored in mutual inductance LM falls to zero, whereby the mutual inductance current I2 is equal to zero. The magnetron current IM' also is essentially of zero magnitude and the magnetron ceases conduction. However, the voltage Vc' across equivalent capacitance C' is still equal to the equivalent magnetron load voltage ~VMag', whereby the equivalent capacitance now pumps stored charge back into the mutual inductance, with the mutual inductance current I2 having a negative polarity (current flow in the direction opposite to the direction of arrow I2). The equivalent capacitance voltage Vc' rises toward zero volts, and, as the current I2 now flowing through the mutual inductance must remain continuous, the effective capacitance and mutual inductance "ring". The effective capacitance C' begins to sinusoidally charge toward a voltage Vc' ;
9 ~ 3 RD-11045 equal to the input voltage Vi . The device collector-emitter voltage VA (which is equal to the input voltage Vin minus the capacitance voltage Vc') falls until, at time t4, voltage VA is equal to zero volts (when capacitance voltage Vc' is equal to +Vin volts).
At time t4, all of the currents Il,I2,IM' and Ic' are essentially equal to zero, while the equivalent capacitance voltage Vc' is equal to the input voltage Vi and the device collector-emitter voltage VA is essentially zero volts. Switching device 15 is again turned on at time t4 (see Il and I2 curves (broken lines 30-31)) to restart the cycle, at which time the capacitance voltage Vc' is indeed equal to the input voltage Vinl, as was the initial assumption.
The cycles are repeated for as long a time interval as magnetron ouput is desired.
In the event that magnetron 11 does not draw current after time tl, as might be caused by lack of power to filament llc, the current stored in the magnetizing inductance is pumped into the equivalent ` capacitance C' and a sinusoidal oscillation starts.
However, as soon as the voltage Vc' across the equivalent capacitance reaches a value~equal to -Vin~, . j i catching diode 19 is forward biased and draws current from the mutual inductance-effective capacitance circuit to ground potential, at terminal 20, until the effective capacitance voltage returns to a value of +Vin and another cycle of power supply may commence.
If the load magnetron conducts during a subsequent power supply cycle, operation is as described hereinabove, while if the magnetron still does not conduct, the beginning of an oscillatory current condition again RD-110~5 2 ~ ~ 3 occurs and catching diode 19 again conducts until the capacitance voltage is equal to the input voltage.
It will be seen that: transformer 1~ should have a relatively low primary leakage inductance Lp to avoid potentially destructive high-voltage spikes from appearing across the power transistor at turn-off; catching diode 19 functions to protect the collector-emitter circuit of device 15 from application of negative polarity voltages VA thereacross;
and snubber circuit 21 protects against high positive voltage spikes at the transistor collector when the transistor is turned off. Similarly, the required peak voltage and current ratings of switching device 15 are determined from the peak magnetron current, operating potential and transistor turn-on and turn-off characteristics. In the event of failure of the magnetron to conduct, switching device 15 is protected from negative collector voltages, with respect to the emitter electrode 15b thereof, by means of diode 19, which would then be forward biased and would be rated to conduct a peak faultcurrent equal to the maximum current Il conducted by switching device 15 during the energy-storage portion of the cycle, e.g., in the time interval to-tl. It will also be seen that the magnetron output power can be varied by varying the time interval to ~ tl, to control the magnitude of I2 (peak) in mutual inductance LM, and therefore the peak magnitude of IM.
A larger or shorter time interval to-tl will increase or decrease, respectively, the amplitude of I2 (peak) and the peak value of IM.
~ ~2~3 In the foregoing, illustrated as MODE 1 of power supply operation, the reflected magnetron voltage VMag' (being the magnetron voltage VMag reflected back through the transformer to the primary winding and therefore equal to the magnetron voltage : divided by the turns ratio of the transformer) is : assumed essentially equal to the magnitude Vin of the operating voltage. However, all magnetrons will not have essentially identical operating voltages VMag, ; 10 at which voltage current conduction therethrough occurs. It is desirable to have a single power supply configuration which can be utiliæed without adjustment in conjunction with loads having somewhat greater, or somewhat lesser, voltages at which current conduction occurs. In MODE 2, and MODE 3, : respectlvely, the minimum load conduction voltages are respectively greater thanl and less than, the nominal design value, i.e., the MODE 1 value, and accordingly the value of equivalent magnetron .. : 20 zener voltage VMag', as reflected through transformer 14 to the primary winding thereof, is respectively greater than, and less than, the value of operating voltage Vin.
In MODE 2, the same initial conditions (capacitance C' charged to -Vin volts and mutual inductance current I2 equal zero) are assumed as in MODE 1. The portion of each cycle from the initial ; transistor 15 turn-on time t5 to cessation-of-magnetron- :
current-flow time t8 occurs in substantially the same manner as the operation during the time interval to-t3 of MODE 1. The only difference is that, due to the greater negative voltage (-Vhi) needed to begin : ' ~ ::
.
i ~2~3 magnetron current conduction, the MODE 2 time interval between t6, when transistor 15 turns off, and time t7, when the magnetron voltage has reached the minimum conduction voltage and current flow can begin, is somewhat longer than the associated tl-t2 time interval in the MODE 1 case. In MODE 2, the charge stored .in equivalent capacitance C' causes the voltage Vc' thereacross to ring from the negative voltage -Vhi to the input voltage Vin, starting at time t8 after the magnetron turns off. At time tg/
the voltage Vc' across the capacitor has become equal to the supply voltage Vin and forward biases catching diode 19. The catching diode 19 must conduct over the time interval from time tg to time tlo to allow the remaining current stored in mutual inductance I~
to flow through the now forward-biased catching diode 19 as current Il of negative magnitude (area 33 of waveform a of Figure 3). Thus, during the time interval from time tg to tlo, the current I2 in mutual ; 20 inductance LM will decrease linearly with time, with a slope given by the condition (dI2/dt = Vin/LM).
There will again be no current flow in the mutual : inductance at time tlo. The effective capacitance C' will again be charged to the input voltage Vin, and the transistor 15 can again be turned on, at time tlo, to initiate another cycle of the flyback power supply.
In both MODE 1 and MODE 2 the initial conditions are identical and switching device 15 is very lightly ~` stressed as the device turns on with zero circuit current flow therethrough and turns off with essential zero voltage thereacross; only the energy in the transformer leakage inductance must be dissipated by ~ ~ 6~
switching device 15, catching diode 19 and snubber circuit 21.
In MODE 3, the switching device 15 is turned on at the beginning of a cycle at time tlo. A zero magnitude current flow exists at tlo Eor currents Il, I2, IM' and Ic'; the ef~ective capacitance voltage Vc' is equal to the input voltage Vin, and, therefore, the voltage VA across the switching device has an essentially zero magnitude. The mutual inductance current I2 increases linearly until de~ice 15 is turned off at time tll, when a pulse of capacitance current Ic' occurs, as the voltage Vc' across the capacitance falls. At time tl2 the voltage across the magnetron reaches the magnetron conduction voltage, which for the low-voltage case is the negative voltage -V1O. It should be understood that the time interval between tll and time tl2 is somewhat less than the time interval between time tl and time t2 in the MODE 1 case, as the voltage must reach a smaller negati~e magnitude. In the time interval from time tl2 to time tl3, magnetron current IM' flows and, as in the MODE 1 and MODE 2 cases, is a linearly decreasing current ramp, reaching essentially zero magnitude at time tl3. At time tl3, the charge stored in -the equivalent capacitance ini~iates the resonance oscillation, and the voltage acrosss the capacitance ; starts to rise. However, since the negative magnitude of capacitance voltage Vc' was less negative than in the MODE 1 and MODE 2 cases, there is not sufficient energy stored in the equivalent capacitance C' to ring the capacitance voltage Vc' back to the , ~ - 16 ~ RD-11045 ~ ~2~3 positive input voltage +Vin to assume priox initial conditions by a time tl4 when all the stored charge has flowed from equivalent capacitance C', and at which time a turn-on signal drives switching device 15 in-to saturation. Thus, at time tl4, the voltage VA
between the collector and emitter electrodes of the device is a non-zero voltage VA' and the switching device must conduct an initial spike 34 of current I
of magnitude sufficient to recharge the effective capacitance C' to the initial condition wherein the voltage Vc' thereacross is raised, as at 34a in waveform e of Figure 3, to the equal magnitude to the input voltage Vin to begin the next flyback power supply cycle. This large switching-device current pulse increases the switching losses and indicates that the minimum load magnetron voltage V1O, of MODE 3, should be the equivalent magnetron voltage utilized in designing the turns ratio of transformer 14, whereby all magnetrons in a production run would have at least that minimum voltage and the flyback power supply will always operate in one of MODEs 1 and 2, and not in MODE 3.
Referring now to Figure 4, a presently preferred embodiment of base drive circuit 17 is illustrated. First and second sources of potential ~` supply a positive potential rail 40 with a voltage of positive polarity and magnitude +V, while a negative potential rail 41 is supplied with an operating potential of negative polarity and another operating potential -V', which may be of the same or different magnitude as the magnitude V of the voltage on positive supply rail 40. One terminal 17a' ~ ~2~3 of base drive circuit output 17a is connected to ground potential connection 20 at the emitter electrode 15b of the control transistor and to a ground po-tential bus 42, wlthin base drive circuit 17. The base drive circuit 'output terminal 17a'' connected to switching device base electrode 15c is connected through a resistance Rl to negative supply bus 41. A first diode string Dl, which in the illustrated embodiment consists o~ six series-connected diodes, is connected between the two terminals of base drive circuit output 17a.
A capacitor C2 is connected between positive potential bus 40 and ground bus 42, while another capacitor C3 is connected between the ground bus and the negative potential bus 41, with each of the capacitors C2 and C3 providing a low-impedance, energy-storage filter for the positive and negative supplies, respectively.
A driver transister 45 has its collector electrode 45a connected to positive supply bus 40 and has its emitter electrode 45b coupled to the controllable switching device base electrode 15c, via the parallel-connec-ted combination of a resistance R2 and a speed-up capacitor C4. The base electrode 45c of driver transistor 45 is connected via a second string of diodes D2, comprised of five diodes in the presently illustrated embodiment, to ground bus 42. Base electrode 45c is also connected to the collector electrode 47a of a first current-source transistor 47, having its emitter electrode 47b connected to positive supply bus 40 via the parallel combination o an emitter resistor R3 and an emitter capacitor C5. The base electrode 47c of current source transister 47 is connected to positive supply bus 40 via a third diode ~ 9~3 RD-11045 string D3 having a number of diodes chosen to determine the output current of the first current source, in conjunction with the emitter resistance R3. Base electrode 47c is connected, via a paralleled resistance R4 and a speed-up capacitor C6, to the collector electrode 50a of a transistor 50. The emitter electrode 50b is connected to negative supply bus 41 and a base electrode 50c is connected through a resistance R6 to the collector electrode 52a of a phototransistor 52 which forms part of an optoelectronic coupler 54. The phototransistor collector electrode 52a is also connected, via a collector resistor R7, to positive supply bus 40. The emitter electrode 52b of the phototransistor is connected to negative supply bus 41. The optoelectronic coupler 54 also includes a light-emitting device (LED) 56 connected acros~
base drive circuit input terminals 17b. A one-shot m~nostable multivibrator 58 with a current limited output is formed by transistors 60, 61, 62, 63 and 64.
The emitter electrodes 60a and 64a of NPN transistors 60 and 64, respectively, are connected to negative supply bus 41, while the emitter electrode 61a of NPN
transistor 61 is connected to ground bus 42. The emitter electrode 62a of PNP transistor 62 is connected directly to positive supply bus 40, while the emitter electrode 63a of PNP transistor 63 is connected to positive supply bus 40 through a parallel combination of an emitter resistance R8 and an emitter capacitance C7.
The base electrode 60b of first multivibrator transistor 60 is coupled by a resistance Rg to the phototransistor collector electrode 52a. The collector electrode 60c of transistor 60 is coupled to a first terminal of a timin~ capacitance C8; the remaining terminal of C8 is connected to the base electrode 64b of transistor 64, and to a parallel combination of a pull-down resistor Rlo and a reverse-voltage-protection diode D4, between the base electrode 64b and the negative supply bus 41. Transistor collector electrode 60c is also connected, via a collector resistance Rll to positive supply bus 40, and to the anode of a diode D5, having its cathode connected to the base electrode 61b of transistor 61.
Base electrode 61b is connected via a pull-down resistance R12 to ~round bus 42. The collector electrode 61c of transistor 61 is connected via a series pair of resistances R13 and R14 -to positive potential bus 40. The base electrode 62b of transistor 62 is connected to the junction between resistances R13 and R14. The collector electrode 62c is connected via a resistance R15 to the collector electrode 64c of transistor 64. The junction between transistor collector electrode 62c and resistance R15 is connected both to the base electrode 63h of a second current source transistor 63, and to the cathode end of another diode stack D6. The current source - transistor collector electrode 63c is connected to a turn-off node A which is connected to negative potential bus 41 via a paralleled pair of series resistance dividers, respectively comprised of resistances ; R16 and R17, and resistances R18 and Rlg. The junctions ` between resistances R16 and R17, and between resistances R18 and Rlg, are respectively connected to the respective base electrodes 66a and 68a of transistors 66 and 68.
The emitter electrodes 66b and 68b of respective 32~3 transistor 66 and 68 are both connected to negative supply bus 41. The collector electrode 68c of transistor 68 is connected to the junction of transistor collector electrode 47a, transistor base electrode 45c and the anode of diode stack D2. The collector 66c of transistor 66 is connected to the junction of resistances Rl and R2, capacitance C4, the anode electrode of diode stack Dl and base-drive circuit output terminal 17a''.
In operation, it is initially assumed that there is no flow of current into LED 56 of opto-isolator 54, whereby phototransistor 52 is in the cut-off condition. The magnitude of resistances R6, R7 and Rg are chosen such that, with phototransistor 52 off transistors 50 and 60 are saturated. The saturation of transistor 50 pulls the collector electrode 50a thereof to the negative supply bus; the :~;
negative jump in voltage is coupled to the first current source base electrode 47c, by the paralleled resistance R4 and speed-up capacitor C6. Diode stack D3 is ~orward-biased and the voltage drop therethrough holds base electrode 47c to a voltage ~ below the positive potential on bus 40. Transistor 47 ;~ conducts and the voltage across its emitter resistance is equal to the nu~er of diodes drops in diode stack D3 less the base-emitter voltage of transistor 47. In the illustrated embodiment, the voltage across emitter resistance R3 is approximately two diode voltage drops. The number of diode voltage drops and the magnitude o~ emitter resistance R3 determine the current into transistor emitter electrode 47b. Paralleled capacitance C5 is a pulse-shaping ~ ~2~3 capacitor allowing current source transistor 47 to not only turn on qulckly but to also have a higher current at the current-source ou-tput (collector electrode 47a) at the beginning of the conduction period of current source transistor 47. The current from source transistor 47 turns on driver transistor 45 and current at the emitter electrode 45b thereof is supplied to the base electrode 15c of the controlled switching device 15, via base-current-determining resistor R2 and its paralleled speed-up capacitance C4.
The magnitude of current flowing into base electrode 15c ~ is sufficient to place device 15 in the highly-; conducting condition, as at time to of Figure 3.
As previously mentioned hereinabove, - transistor 60 was also placed in the saturated condition by the removal of current flow through LED 56, whereby the voltage at collector electrode 60c is pulled down to the negative voltage on negative supply bus 41.
;~ Transistors 61, 62, 63 and 64 are turned off, whereby current does not flow into node A and transistors 66 and 68 remain in the off condition.
At time tl, when switching device 15 is to be turned off and the resonant fly-back action of the power supply begun (to cause a pulse of current to flow to the load magnetron) a current pulse is introduced at base drive input terminals 17b and through LED 56. The resulting pulse of light is coupled to phototransistor 52, which saturates. The collector electrode 52a is pulled down to the negative voltage (-V') at negative supply rail 41. Transistor 50 is turned off, turning off current source transistor 47, which in turn turns off transistor 45. Resistor Rl, ~ 1~29~
connected between base electrode 15c of the switching transistor and the negative supply bus, draws some of the switching transistor 15 stored charge therefrom to commence turning-off of the switching transistor.
It is desirable to rapidly turn switching transistor 15 off, to prevent excessive energy dissipation therein.
Therefore, the appearance of negative voltage at phototransistor collector 52a, at time tl, turns off multivibrator input transistor 60. The voltage across timing capacitor C8 was previously about zero volts and cannot change instantaneously.
Accordingly, the voltage at input transistor collector electrode 60c and the base electrode 64b of transistor 64, both ]ump to a positive ~oltage. Simultaneously, collector electrode 64c is switched to the negative supply bus operating potential oE -V' ~volts, current flows through resistance R15 to forward-bias diode stack D~, and turns on current source transistor 63.
The magnitude o~ current flowing into node A, from current-source transistor collector electrode 63c, is determined by the number of forward-biased diocles in diode stack D, and the magnitude of emitter resistance R8. Pulse-shaping capacitor C7 acts to provide rapid turn-on of the current source, as well as to provide a higher-current at the beginning of the conduction period of transistor 63. The flow of current into node A turns on both of transistors 66 ; 30 and 68. Transistors 68 and 66 respectively pull the base electrode 45c of driver transistor 45, and the base electrode 15c of the switching transistor 15, 9 ~ 3 both to the negatlve supply voltage on rail 41, whereby driver transistor 45 ceases pumping charge into the switching transistor and the charge stored in the base circult of the switching transistor is rapidly removed therefrom by transistor 66. Th.us, essentially, as soon as a pulse of current is received by LED 56, transistor 15 i5 turned off in as rapid a manner as possible, initiating the resonant fly-back action of the power supply.
As previously mentioned, upon receipt of a current pulse by LED 56, transistor 60 is cut off and the collector electrode voltage thereof jumps to a voltage more positive than the negative voltage on negative supply bus 41. The voltage across timing ~`~ capacitor C8 was initially zero volts, but gradually increases toward +V volts. When series diode D5 is . forward-biased transistor 61 is turned on, turning off transistor 63. Thereafter, transistor 64 is eventually brought out of conduction at some time after the turn-off - 20 time tl at which the turn-off pul.se appeared at the photocoupler. When transistor 64 reaches cut-off, current flow through resistance Rl5 ceases and current-source transistor 63 is cut-off, rèmoving drive at node A and returning translstors 66 a d 68 to the cut-off condition. The time interval, established by the magnitude of timing capacitor C8, during which current source transistor 63 operates, is selected to achieve rapid turn-off of switching device 15. At the cessation of operation of current-source transistor 63 the reverse current flow through the base-emitter junction of switching device 15, caused by the connection of resistance Rl between the negative potential bus ~1 and switching device base electrode 15c, is sufficient to keep switching transistor 15 in the cut off condition, until the current flowing through LED is again removed to supply a turn-on current to the switching transistor base electrode, at the start of the next cycle o~ the fly-back power supply (e.g., at time t5 oE Figure 3).
Referring now to Figure 5, wherein like elements have like reference designations, in the event that the capacitance C' across transf~rmer secondary winding 14b is insufficient to reflect back as an equivalent capacitance resonating with the mutual inductance across primary winding 14a of the transformer, an additional resonating capacitance 80 is utilized across the controlled-curren~ collector-emitter electrode circuit of switching device 15. Thus, the resonating capacitance can be: the equivalent capacitance C' reflected from the primary winding from the secondary winding (including the load); capacitance 80 effectively across the primary winding; or a combination o~ the two. Switching device 15' may be ; the transistor of the Figure 1 embodiment, having a controlled-current path controlled by the current flow at the output 17a' of drive circuit 17', or may be a device, such as a gate-turn-off switch, power FET
and the like, which has current ~low in the path in series with the transformer primary winding controlled by a voltage applied to a device input by the output 17a' of drive circuit 17'.
In this embodiment, the voltage across capacitance 80, in the time interval between time to and time tl, while switching transistor 15 is saturated, t 162983 is essentially zero volts. During this time interval the current in the mutual inductanee of transformer 14 linearly increases and, at time tl, switching device 15 is turned off. The current flowing through primary winding must be continuous and therefore flows into the resonating capaeitance e.g., eapaeitor 80, eapacitor C' or the parallel combination of capacitors C' and 80, eausing ringing to eommenee. A high voltage pulse is generated across secondary winding 14b to drive the magnetron load into conduction, clamping the primary winding voltage. As the energy stored in transformer 14 is depleted by conduetion of the load, the transistor colleetor voltage attempts to swing negative and is clamped substantially to zero volts by eatehing diode 19, at whieh tlme another eyele of the power supply is commeneed by application of a next subsequent turn-on eurrent, and/or voltage, drive pulse to the switching dev:ice from base drive - eircuit 17'.
The present invention has been described with reference to several presently preferred embodiments thereof. Many variations and modifications will now become apparent to those skilled in the art.
It is my intent, -therefore, to be limited only by seope of the impending elaims and not by the speeifie detailed embodiments deseribed herein.
'
Claims (10)
1. A power supply for energizing a self-rectifying load, through which a current flows only when a voltage of predetermined polarity and magnitude is exceeded thereacross, comprising:
source means for providing an operating potential;
a transformer having a single high-voltage secondary winding connected directly across said load and having an untapped primary winding having a mutual inductance to said secondary winding;
a switching device having a controlled-current path coupled, as the only controllable device, in electrical series connection with said transformer primary winding across the operating potential of said source means, said switching device having an input terminal for receiving a periodic signal control-ling the flow of current in said controlled-current path and said primary winding;
unidirectional current flow means connected in parallel with said controlled-current path of said switching device for conducting to prevent a flow of current through the controlled-current path of said switching device in a reverse direction and for preventing application of voltages of improper polarity across said switching device;
an electrical capacitance effectively connected in parallel across the mutual inductance of said transformer and resonant therewith at a predetermined first frequency; and circuit means for driving the input of said switching device with said periodic signal of magnitude sufficient to cause said controlled-current path to heavily conduct a flow of current therethrough commencing while said unidirectional current flow means is conducting and continuing during a first portion of a predetermined time interval; said circuit means providing said periodic signal at a second frequency less than said first frequency and causing said signal to terminate to abruptly end the flow of current through said controlled-current path at the end of said time interval first portion, to cause said capacitance to charge and apply a voltage across said load causing said load to periodically conduct a flow of current therethrough at said second frequency and during another portion of said time interval after said first portion.
source means for providing an operating potential;
a transformer having a single high-voltage secondary winding connected directly across said load and having an untapped primary winding having a mutual inductance to said secondary winding;
a switching device having a controlled-current path coupled, as the only controllable device, in electrical series connection with said transformer primary winding across the operating potential of said source means, said switching device having an input terminal for receiving a periodic signal control-ling the flow of current in said controlled-current path and said primary winding;
unidirectional current flow means connected in parallel with said controlled-current path of said switching device for conducting to prevent a flow of current through the controlled-current path of said switching device in a reverse direction and for preventing application of voltages of improper polarity across said switching device;
an electrical capacitance effectively connected in parallel across the mutual inductance of said transformer and resonant therewith at a predetermined first frequency; and circuit means for driving the input of said switching device with said periodic signal of magnitude sufficient to cause said controlled-current path to heavily conduct a flow of current therethrough commencing while said unidirectional current flow means is conducting and continuing during a first portion of a predetermined time interval; said circuit means providing said periodic signal at a second frequency less than said first frequency and causing said signal to terminate to abruptly end the flow of current through said controlled-current path at the end of said time interval first portion, to cause said capacitance to charge and apply a voltage across said load causing said load to periodically conduct a flow of current therethrough at said second frequency and during another portion of said time interval after said first portion.
2. The power supply of claim 1, wherein said capaci-tance is a capacitance associated with said load and reflected back to said primary winding of said transformer.
3. The power supply of claim 1, wherein said capacitance is physically connected in parallel with the controlled current path of said switching device.
4. The power supply of claim 1, wherein said capacitance is the paralleled combination of a first capacitance physically connected in parallel with the controlled-current path of said switching device and a second capacitance associated with said load and reflected back to said transformer primary winding.
5. The power supply of claim 1, wherein said unidirectional current flow means include a diode element connected across said switching device controlled-current path.
6. The power supply of claim 5, further including a snubber circuit in parallel with said diode element.
7. The power supply of claim 6, wherein said snubber circuit comprises a series combination of a resistance and a capacitance.
8. The power supply of claim 1, wherein said load is a magnetron microwave power generator.
9. The power supply of claim 1, wherein said means for driving the input of said switching device includes:
a first current-controlled switching element for providing a flow of current into said switching device input terminal;
a second current-controlled switching element connected to said switching device input terminal for with-drawing charge stored in said switching device;
input means for receiving an input signal having a first state at the start of said time interval and a second state at a time during said time interval prior to the time said load is to conduct;
first means including a current source enabled only by said input signal first state for providing sufficient control current to turn on said first switching element to turn said switching device to the highly-conductive condition; and second means connected to said input means and responsive only to said second state for assuring said first switching element is disabled and including a monostable multivibrator having a constant current output connected to provide sufficient control current for enabling said second switching element to rapidly remove the charge stored in said switching device to rapidly turn off said switching device.
a first current-controlled switching element for providing a flow of current into said switching device input terminal;
a second current-controlled switching element connected to said switching device input terminal for with-drawing charge stored in said switching device;
input means for receiving an input signal having a first state at the start of said time interval and a second state at a time during said time interval prior to the time said load is to conduct;
first means including a current source enabled only by said input signal first state for providing sufficient control current to turn on said first switching element to turn said switching device to the highly-conductive condition; and second means connected to said input means and responsive only to said second state for assuring said first switching element is disabled and including a monostable multivibrator having a constant current output connected to provide sufficient control current for enabling said second switching element to rapidly remove the charge stored in said switching device to rapidly turn off said switching device.
10. The power supply of claim 1, wherein said circuit means controls the duration of said predetermined time interval to control the magnitude of power consumed by said load.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000367243A CA1162983A (en) | 1980-12-19 | 1980-12-19 | Power supply for magnetron and the like loads |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000367243A CA1162983A (en) | 1980-12-19 | 1980-12-19 | Power supply for magnetron and the like loads |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1162983A true CA1162983A (en) | 1984-02-28 |
Family
ID=4118747
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000367243A Expired CA1162983A (en) | 1980-12-19 | 1980-12-19 | Power supply for magnetron and the like loads |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1162983A (en) |
-
1980
- 1980-12-19 CA CA000367243A patent/CA1162983A/en not_active Expired
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