CA1162596A - Method and apparatus for electrically controlling lubrication in lubricated plastic-working of metallic material - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for electrically controlling lubrication in lubricated plastic-working of metallic materialInfo
- Publication number
- CA1162596A CA1162596A CA000358276A CA358276A CA1162596A CA 1162596 A CA1162596 A CA 1162596A CA 000358276 A CA000358276 A CA 000358276A CA 358276 A CA358276 A CA 358276A CA 1162596 A CA1162596 A CA 1162596A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- lubricant oil
- pole
- working
- set forth
- tool
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B9/00—Measures for carrying out rolling operations under special conditions, e.g. in vacuum or inert atmosphere to prevent oxidation of work; Special measures for removing fumes from rolling mills
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B27/00—Rolls, roll alloys or roll fabrication; Lubricating, cooling or heating rolls while in use
- B21B27/06—Lubricating, cooling or heating rolls
- B21B27/10—Lubricating, cooling or heating rolls externally
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
- B21B45/02—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for lubricating, cooling, or cleaning
- B21B45/0239—Lubricating
- B21B45/0242—Lubricants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/02—Water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE:
A method for electrically controlling lubrication in lubricated plastic-working of a metallic material, and an apparatus for carrying out the method, which comprises incor-porating a working tool and/or a work into a DC circuit to form a pole in face-to-face relation with an opposite pole, and conducting current between the two opposing poles to pro-duce an electric field in an emulsion type lubricant oil prevail-ing therebetween, causing the lubricant oil to be electrically pulled toward the working tool and/or the work, thereby increasing the adherence of the lubricant oil to the working tool and/or the work.
A method for electrically controlling lubrication in lubricated plastic-working of a metallic material, and an apparatus for carrying out the method, which comprises incor-porating a working tool and/or a work into a DC circuit to form a pole in face-to-face relation with an opposite pole, and conducting current between the two opposing poles to pro-duce an electric field in an emulsion type lubricant oil prevail-ing therebetween, causing the lubricant oil to be electrically pulled toward the working tool and/or the work, thereby increasing the adherence of the lubricant oil to the working tool and/or the work.
Description
9~
BACKGROUND OF T~IE lNVENTION:
-This invention relates to a method and an appara-tus for plastic-working a metallic material, and more particularly to lubricated plastic-working method and apparatus employing means for electrically increasing the amount of a lubricant oil intervening between a working tool and a work to ensure smooth plastic-working operations.
In a plastic-working operation (e.g., rolling or drawing) of a metallic material, it is the conventional practice to employ as a lubricant a non-emulsion type lubricant oil which is generally called "neat oil" or an emulsion type lubricant oil which is obtained by adding water to neat oil for a cooling effect. The degree oE lubricating effect is judged by whether a su'ficient quantity of lubricant oil intervenes between a work ænd a tool such as a working roll or drawing die. The most important factor which dictates the intervention of a lubricant oil is the adherence of the lubricant oil to the working tool and the work. There have thus far been made var-ious attempts to improve the adherence of the lubricant oil, for example, by chemically modifying the property of the lubri-cant or by varying the particle size o~ the emulsion, but none of them turned out to be satisfactory. Especially, known emulsion type lubricant oils are in most cases of oil-in-water type so that they are inferior to neat oil in adherence to the work. Whereas satisfactory lubrication cannot be expected from stable lubricant emulsions with a small oil concentration rv~' 1~6Z596 which are poor in adherence by nature. Tnis difficulty is usually coped with by using an emulsion o_ a relative large particle size which is however unstable and incapable of effecting uniform and stable lubrication. In addition, it has been difficult to control the adherenoe of lubricant oil to an extent optimum for particular working conditions since it varies over a wide range depending upon the kind of the lubri-can~ oil and the working conditions.
SU~L~RY OF THE INVENTION:
With the foregoing in view, the present invention has as its object the provision of a method and an apparatus for increasing the adherence of a lubricant oil to a work and/or a working tool in a lubricated plas~ic-working of a metallic mater-al.
It is a more particular object of the present inven-tion to provide a method and an apparatus for electrically controlling the adhorence of a lubricant oil to a work and/or a working tool in a lubricated plastic-working of a me~allic material depending upon the operating conditions or the nature of the work.
According to the present invention, there is provided a method for electrically increasing the degree o~ lubrication in a lubricated plastic-working of a metallic material, com-prising: incorporating a working tool and/or a work into a DC circuit to form a pole in face-to-face relation with an opposite pole; and conducting current between the two opposing poles to produce an electric field in an emulsion type lubricant oil prevailing the~ebetween, causing the lubricant oil to be electrically pulled toward the working tool and/or the work;
thereby increasinc3 the adherence of the lubricant oil to the working tool and/or the work.
The present invention also provides an apparatus for carrying out the method mentioned above, which comprises:
a lubricant oil trough member holding an emulsion type lubri-cant oil in contact with a working tool and/or a work; and a DC circuit incorporating the working tool and/or the work to orm a pole tA~ and having an opposite pole (B) disposed in contact with the lubricant oil and in ~ace-to-face relation with the pole (A) to produce an electric field in the lubricant oil upon conducting a current between the two pole~3 (A) and (B); thereby causing the lubricant oil to he electrically pulled toward the working tool and/or the work to increase the adherence of the lubricant oil to the working tool an~/or the work.
Tlle above and other objects, features and advantages of the invention Will be apparent from the ollowing descriptionand the appended claims, taken in con~unction with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS:
Fig. 1 is a graph showing experimental data;
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of lubricated rolliny according to the present invention;
Figs. 3, 4 and 5 are graphs showing experimental data;
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram showing different forms of lubricated drawings according to the invention;
~6'Z5~
Figs. 7 and 8 are graphs showing experimental data;
Fig.9 is a schematic diagram showing different forms of lubricated drawing according to the invention;
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of lubricated rolling with divided control of lubrication according to the invention;
Fig. 11 is a graphic illustration of the pattern of the divided lubrication control attained bythe method of Fig. 10; and Figs. 12 to 14 are graphic illustra-tions similar to Fig. 11 but showing patterns of more finely divided lubrication control attainable by the method of the invention.
P~RTICULAR DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION:
In a preliminary experiment conducted by the present inventors, a steel plate and a copper plate are immersed in a lubricant oil bath holding an anion type emulsion lubri.cant (using triethanolamine oleate and having an emulsion concentration of 10% and an average~particle si~e of 5 microns) and a diversity of voltages were applied across the steel and copper plates serving as positive and negative poles, respectively. The amounts of adhered lubricant oil resulting from the application of voltages are shown in the graph of Fi~. 1 in relation with time of immersion. As clear therefrom, the adherence of lubricant oil to the steel plate is increased with both the voltage and the time of immersion. For example, at an immersion time of 10 seconds, the adherence of the lubricant oil under conduc~ing condition at 50~ is about 10 times greater than that or non-conducting condition. This increase in adherence is 116~S96 considered to be attributable to the attraction of negatively charged anion type emulsion on the posi-tive pole formed by the steel plate.
The adherence of a cation type emulsion lubricant can also be increased by applying a voltage across a cathodic steel plate and an anodic copper plate.
In a similar experiment using a nonion type emulsion lubricant oil and a non-emulsion type lubrican~ oil, the it has been confirmed that the adherence does not increase in any appreciable degree at low voltages but remarkably increases when a relatively high voltage is applied for a long time per-iod. For example, the adherence amounted to about 8 g/m2 by applicatlon of 100V for 8 minutes, which is four times as great as ~h2 adherence under non-conducting condition ~about 2 g/m2);
It is sathered from the results of the experiments that the applica"ion of voltage causes electrolytic dissociation to ionizable groups or substances like R-COOH which are usually contained in lubricant oils, as follows 2R-COOH + 2e ~ 2R-COO + H2 ~
pulling R-COO thus produced toward the anodic steel plate.
I. Lubricated Rolling The method of the invention was experimentally applied to lubricated rolling operation using an appara~us as shown in Fig. 2, in which indicated at 14 a steel strip, at 15 and 16 are working rollsf at 17 and 18 are lubricant oil feed nozzles, and at 19 and 20 are lubricant oil pools. Pole plates 21 and ~l~iZ~j9~ _ 22 ~re immersed in the lubricant oil pools 19 and 20 opposingly ~ ~
in face-to-face relation wi-th the working rolls.~7 and 1~, respectively. The roll 15 and pole plate 21 are ~onnected to a DC power source 23, while the roll 16 and pole plate 22 are connected to another DC power source 24.
In the rolling operation, for assessing the adherence of the lubricant oil to the working rolls at different voltages, the æ~ounts of lubricant oil adhered in a short time period of contact between the lubricant oil and the rolls were measured in consideration of the speed of the working rolls~ The lubri-cant oil used in the rolling op~ration was an anion type emul-sion (emulsified by triethanolamine oleate and having a concen-tration of 10 ~ and an average particle size of 0.9 microns).
As a result, it has been confirmed that the amount of adherence has a tendency of increasing with the applied voltage even in a short contacting time as shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 4 shows the amounts of adherence of the same lubricant oil measured upon a lapse of 0.5 seconds after application of currents of various densities. It is clear therefrom that the adherence of the lubricant oil increases with the current density.
According to the present invention, the adherence o~
the lubricant oil on the working rolls is amplified to a con-siderable degree by applying a current across the lubricant oil between the working rolls and electrode plates, and the amount of adherence can be controlled as desired simply by adjusting the applying voltage or current to ensure smooth rolling ~62~9~
operation. The adherence of the lubricant oil has a great influence on the load for the rolling operation. In this connection, the effects of applied voltages on thè rolling load (rolling lubrication) -~ere tested by a rolling operation according to Fig. 2 and under the following conditions.
Rolling ~onditions: -.
Rolling material: Al having dimensions of 1.5 mmt x 50 mmW (coil) Rolling temperature: 360C (at entrance) Rolling reduction: 60 ~
RoLling speed: 25.7 m/min.
Roll diameter: 155 mm Lubricant oil: 3 % emulsion of aluminum hot rolling oil Size of pole plate:20 mmh x 65 mm~
As clear from Fig. 5 which shows the results of the rolling test, the rolling load which is as high as about 11 tons in an ordinary lu~ricated rolling operation under non-conducting condition (at zero volt) is markedly reduced to about 9 tons at 20 V and to less than 6 tons at 50 V due to the effects of the present invention. In ~ig. 5, the last half portion of O-volt curve plots the experimental data resulting from application of 50 volts which was initiated at the arrowed point. The voltage applied half-way of the roll-ing operation has a certain degree of load reducing effect which however is lower than that which would be obtained by ~6~Sg~
applying the same voltaye from the start.
In the embodiment of Fig. 2, the lubricant oil pools are provided at one sides of the working rolls and elec-tric current is conducted across the working rolls and immersed pole plate5. In this connection, it is also possible to use the nozzles 17 and 18 as a neyative pole, continllously spouting the lu~ricant oil toward the surfaces of the wor~ing rolls forming a positive pole. In such a case, it is preferred to employ nozzles which have an increased width along the length of the working rolls. It is also possible to use the rolling strip as a positive pole, locating the electrode plate~
(nega~ive poles) vis-a-vis with the upper and lower sides of the entering rolling strip and filling the lubricant oil in th,e spaces between the rolling strip and the respective negative 1~ electrode plates.
II. Lubricated Drawing:
The method of the present invention is also applicable to lubricated drawins by using an apparatus as shown in Fig. 6, in which indicated at 1 is a wire red being drawn, at 2 a die, at 3 a die holder, at 4 a cylindrical member internally defining a lubricant oil chamber 4a, at 5 an insulating joint member joining the die holder 3 and the cylindrical member 4 together, at 6 an insulating wire guide member, at 7a a lubricant oil inlet, at 7b a lubricant oil outlet, and at 8 a compressed air blow in hole (for preventing leakage of the lubricant oil through the gap space between the wire guide member 6 and the 116ZS~6 wire 1). The die holder 3 and cylindrical member 4 are connected to a DC power source 9. In this embodiment, electric current is conducted between the die holder 3 and the cylindrical member 4, form ng the positive and negative poles by the drawn wire 1 and the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical member 4, respectively, while circulating a lubricant oil through the lubricant oil chamber 4a.
An aluminum alloy wire rod of 3.2 mm~ x 120 mm was drawn by an apparatus as shown in Fig. 6, using an anion type emulsion lubricant oil (concentration: 10 %) and applying a varying voltage of 0 to 50 volts. The adherence of the lubri-cant oil to the wire in a contacting time period of 5 or 10 seconds was measured. The results are shown in Fig. 7.
As clear from Fig. 7, the adhered lubricant oil has an averag2 film thickness of less than 5 ~m at zero volt but it increases sharply with the applied voltage, to 54 ~m at 50 volts x 5 seconds of contacting time and to as great as 70 m at 50 volts x 10 seconds of contacting time. m us, the adheren-ce o~ the lubricant oil to the wire is drastically increased by conducting electric current between the wire and the inner peripheral wall of the cylindrical member in a manner to produce a potential difference between the wire and the lubrl-cant oil, It will also be seen from Fig. 7 that the adherence increases with the voltage and the time of contact between the wire and the lubricant oil. Therefore, the adherence of the lubricant o~l can be controlled to a value optimum for a particular drawing condi-tion by adjusting the voltage ~f the DC power source 9 (Fig. 6), thereby to ensure very smooth draw-ing operation. The adherence of the lubricant oil is also closely related with the load required for the drawing opera-tion and the rate of wire seizure. The effects of reducing-~he dra~ln, load (incre~ir~ l~ik_ic~t~ A d~..ir.g` ~
rate of wire seizure by the application of voltage were tested under the following conditions.
Drawing Conditions:
Lubricated drawing machine:
Length of lubricant chamber 4a: 100 mm Inner dia~ter of lubricant chamber 4a: 13.2 mm Diameter of die: 2.9 mm Lubricant oil: Anion type 10 % or 3 % emulsion of neat oil .
Wire rod: Aluminum alloy of 3.2 mm in diameter Drawing reduction: 18 %
Drawing speed: 1-10 m/min.
Voltage: o - A O V
Rod draw~ Drawbench (1) Effect of reducin~ drawing load The application of voltage manifested a distinctive effect of reducing the drawing load by 6-25 % as shown in Fig. 8, the effect being greater with an anion t~pe emulsion having an about 10 ~ oil concentration.
lltiZ~5'6
BACKGROUND OF T~IE lNVENTION:
-This invention relates to a method and an appara-tus for plastic-working a metallic material, and more particularly to lubricated plastic-working method and apparatus employing means for electrically increasing the amount of a lubricant oil intervening between a working tool and a work to ensure smooth plastic-working operations.
In a plastic-working operation (e.g., rolling or drawing) of a metallic material, it is the conventional practice to employ as a lubricant a non-emulsion type lubricant oil which is generally called "neat oil" or an emulsion type lubricant oil which is obtained by adding water to neat oil for a cooling effect. The degree oE lubricating effect is judged by whether a su'ficient quantity of lubricant oil intervenes between a work ænd a tool such as a working roll or drawing die. The most important factor which dictates the intervention of a lubricant oil is the adherence of the lubricant oil to the working tool and the work. There have thus far been made var-ious attempts to improve the adherence of the lubricant oil, for example, by chemically modifying the property of the lubri-cant or by varying the particle size o~ the emulsion, but none of them turned out to be satisfactory. Especially, known emulsion type lubricant oils are in most cases of oil-in-water type so that they are inferior to neat oil in adherence to the work. Whereas satisfactory lubrication cannot be expected from stable lubricant emulsions with a small oil concentration rv~' 1~6Z596 which are poor in adherence by nature. Tnis difficulty is usually coped with by using an emulsion o_ a relative large particle size which is however unstable and incapable of effecting uniform and stable lubrication. In addition, it has been difficult to control the adherenoe of lubricant oil to an extent optimum for particular working conditions since it varies over a wide range depending upon the kind of the lubri-can~ oil and the working conditions.
SU~L~RY OF THE INVENTION:
With the foregoing in view, the present invention has as its object the provision of a method and an apparatus for increasing the adherence of a lubricant oil to a work and/or a working tool in a lubricated plas~ic-working of a metallic mater-al.
It is a more particular object of the present inven-tion to provide a method and an apparatus for electrically controlling the adhorence of a lubricant oil to a work and/or a working tool in a lubricated plastic-working of a me~allic material depending upon the operating conditions or the nature of the work.
According to the present invention, there is provided a method for electrically increasing the degree o~ lubrication in a lubricated plastic-working of a metallic material, com-prising: incorporating a working tool and/or a work into a DC circuit to form a pole in face-to-face relation with an opposite pole; and conducting current between the two opposing poles to produce an electric field in an emulsion type lubricant oil prevailing the~ebetween, causing the lubricant oil to be electrically pulled toward the working tool and/or the work;
thereby increasinc3 the adherence of the lubricant oil to the working tool and/or the work.
The present invention also provides an apparatus for carrying out the method mentioned above, which comprises:
a lubricant oil trough member holding an emulsion type lubri-cant oil in contact with a working tool and/or a work; and a DC circuit incorporating the working tool and/or the work to orm a pole tA~ and having an opposite pole (B) disposed in contact with the lubricant oil and in ~ace-to-face relation with the pole (A) to produce an electric field in the lubricant oil upon conducting a current between the two pole~3 (A) and (B); thereby causing the lubricant oil to he electrically pulled toward the working tool and/or the work to increase the adherence of the lubricant oil to the working tool an~/or the work.
Tlle above and other objects, features and advantages of the invention Will be apparent from the ollowing descriptionand the appended claims, taken in con~unction with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS:
Fig. 1 is a graph showing experimental data;
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of lubricated rolliny according to the present invention;
Figs. 3, 4 and 5 are graphs showing experimental data;
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram showing different forms of lubricated drawings according to the invention;
~6'Z5~
Figs. 7 and 8 are graphs showing experimental data;
Fig.9 is a schematic diagram showing different forms of lubricated drawing according to the invention;
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of lubricated rolling with divided control of lubrication according to the invention;
Fig. 11 is a graphic illustration of the pattern of the divided lubrication control attained bythe method of Fig. 10; and Figs. 12 to 14 are graphic illustra-tions similar to Fig. 11 but showing patterns of more finely divided lubrication control attainable by the method of the invention.
P~RTICULAR DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION:
In a preliminary experiment conducted by the present inventors, a steel plate and a copper plate are immersed in a lubricant oil bath holding an anion type emulsion lubri.cant (using triethanolamine oleate and having an emulsion concentration of 10% and an average~particle si~e of 5 microns) and a diversity of voltages were applied across the steel and copper plates serving as positive and negative poles, respectively. The amounts of adhered lubricant oil resulting from the application of voltages are shown in the graph of Fi~. 1 in relation with time of immersion. As clear therefrom, the adherence of lubricant oil to the steel plate is increased with both the voltage and the time of immersion. For example, at an immersion time of 10 seconds, the adherence of the lubricant oil under conduc~ing condition at 50~ is about 10 times greater than that or non-conducting condition. This increase in adherence is 116~S96 considered to be attributable to the attraction of negatively charged anion type emulsion on the posi-tive pole formed by the steel plate.
The adherence of a cation type emulsion lubricant can also be increased by applying a voltage across a cathodic steel plate and an anodic copper plate.
In a similar experiment using a nonion type emulsion lubricant oil and a non-emulsion type lubrican~ oil, the it has been confirmed that the adherence does not increase in any appreciable degree at low voltages but remarkably increases when a relatively high voltage is applied for a long time per-iod. For example, the adherence amounted to about 8 g/m2 by applicatlon of 100V for 8 minutes, which is four times as great as ~h2 adherence under non-conducting condition ~about 2 g/m2);
It is sathered from the results of the experiments that the applica"ion of voltage causes electrolytic dissociation to ionizable groups or substances like R-COOH which are usually contained in lubricant oils, as follows 2R-COOH + 2e ~ 2R-COO + H2 ~
pulling R-COO thus produced toward the anodic steel plate.
I. Lubricated Rolling The method of the invention was experimentally applied to lubricated rolling operation using an appara~us as shown in Fig. 2, in which indicated at 14 a steel strip, at 15 and 16 are working rollsf at 17 and 18 are lubricant oil feed nozzles, and at 19 and 20 are lubricant oil pools. Pole plates 21 and ~l~iZ~j9~ _ 22 ~re immersed in the lubricant oil pools 19 and 20 opposingly ~ ~
in face-to-face relation wi-th the working rolls.~7 and 1~, respectively. The roll 15 and pole plate 21 are ~onnected to a DC power source 23, while the roll 16 and pole plate 22 are connected to another DC power source 24.
In the rolling operation, for assessing the adherence of the lubricant oil to the working rolls at different voltages, the æ~ounts of lubricant oil adhered in a short time period of contact between the lubricant oil and the rolls were measured in consideration of the speed of the working rolls~ The lubri-cant oil used in the rolling op~ration was an anion type emul-sion (emulsified by triethanolamine oleate and having a concen-tration of 10 ~ and an average particle size of 0.9 microns).
As a result, it has been confirmed that the amount of adherence has a tendency of increasing with the applied voltage even in a short contacting time as shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 4 shows the amounts of adherence of the same lubricant oil measured upon a lapse of 0.5 seconds after application of currents of various densities. It is clear therefrom that the adherence of the lubricant oil increases with the current density.
According to the present invention, the adherence o~
the lubricant oil on the working rolls is amplified to a con-siderable degree by applying a current across the lubricant oil between the working rolls and electrode plates, and the amount of adherence can be controlled as desired simply by adjusting the applying voltage or current to ensure smooth rolling ~62~9~
operation. The adherence of the lubricant oil has a great influence on the load for the rolling operation. In this connection, the effects of applied voltages on thè rolling load (rolling lubrication) -~ere tested by a rolling operation according to Fig. 2 and under the following conditions.
Rolling ~onditions: -.
Rolling material: Al having dimensions of 1.5 mmt x 50 mmW (coil) Rolling temperature: 360C (at entrance) Rolling reduction: 60 ~
RoLling speed: 25.7 m/min.
Roll diameter: 155 mm Lubricant oil: 3 % emulsion of aluminum hot rolling oil Size of pole plate:20 mmh x 65 mm~
As clear from Fig. 5 which shows the results of the rolling test, the rolling load which is as high as about 11 tons in an ordinary lu~ricated rolling operation under non-conducting condition (at zero volt) is markedly reduced to about 9 tons at 20 V and to less than 6 tons at 50 V due to the effects of the present invention. In ~ig. 5, the last half portion of O-volt curve plots the experimental data resulting from application of 50 volts which was initiated at the arrowed point. The voltage applied half-way of the roll-ing operation has a certain degree of load reducing effect which however is lower than that which would be obtained by ~6~Sg~
applying the same voltaye from the start.
In the embodiment of Fig. 2, the lubricant oil pools are provided at one sides of the working rolls and elec-tric current is conducted across the working rolls and immersed pole plate5. In this connection, it is also possible to use the nozzles 17 and 18 as a neyative pole, continllously spouting the lu~ricant oil toward the surfaces of the wor~ing rolls forming a positive pole. In such a case, it is preferred to employ nozzles which have an increased width along the length of the working rolls. It is also possible to use the rolling strip as a positive pole, locating the electrode plate~
(nega~ive poles) vis-a-vis with the upper and lower sides of the entering rolling strip and filling the lubricant oil in th,e spaces between the rolling strip and the respective negative 1~ electrode plates.
II. Lubricated Drawing:
The method of the present invention is also applicable to lubricated drawins by using an apparatus as shown in Fig. 6, in which indicated at 1 is a wire red being drawn, at 2 a die, at 3 a die holder, at 4 a cylindrical member internally defining a lubricant oil chamber 4a, at 5 an insulating joint member joining the die holder 3 and the cylindrical member 4 together, at 6 an insulating wire guide member, at 7a a lubricant oil inlet, at 7b a lubricant oil outlet, and at 8 a compressed air blow in hole (for preventing leakage of the lubricant oil through the gap space between the wire guide member 6 and the 116ZS~6 wire 1). The die holder 3 and cylindrical member 4 are connected to a DC power source 9. In this embodiment, electric current is conducted between the die holder 3 and the cylindrical member 4, form ng the positive and negative poles by the drawn wire 1 and the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical member 4, respectively, while circulating a lubricant oil through the lubricant oil chamber 4a.
An aluminum alloy wire rod of 3.2 mm~ x 120 mm was drawn by an apparatus as shown in Fig. 6, using an anion type emulsion lubricant oil (concentration: 10 %) and applying a varying voltage of 0 to 50 volts. The adherence of the lubri-cant oil to the wire in a contacting time period of 5 or 10 seconds was measured. The results are shown in Fig. 7.
As clear from Fig. 7, the adhered lubricant oil has an averag2 film thickness of less than 5 ~m at zero volt but it increases sharply with the applied voltage, to 54 ~m at 50 volts x 5 seconds of contacting time and to as great as 70 m at 50 volts x 10 seconds of contacting time. m us, the adheren-ce o~ the lubricant oil to the wire is drastically increased by conducting electric current between the wire and the inner peripheral wall of the cylindrical member in a manner to produce a potential difference between the wire and the lubrl-cant oil, It will also be seen from Fig. 7 that the adherence increases with the voltage and the time of contact between the wire and the lubricant oil. Therefore, the adherence of the lubricant o~l can be controlled to a value optimum for a particular drawing condi-tion by adjusting the voltage ~f the DC power source 9 (Fig. 6), thereby to ensure very smooth draw-ing operation. The adherence of the lubricant oil is also closely related with the load required for the drawing opera-tion and the rate of wire seizure. The effects of reducing-~he dra~ln, load (incre~ir~ l~ik_ic~t~ A d~..ir.g` ~
rate of wire seizure by the application of voltage were tested under the following conditions.
Drawing Conditions:
Lubricated drawing machine:
Length of lubricant chamber 4a: 100 mm Inner dia~ter of lubricant chamber 4a: 13.2 mm Diameter of die: 2.9 mm Lubricant oil: Anion type 10 % or 3 % emulsion of neat oil .
Wire rod: Aluminum alloy of 3.2 mm in diameter Drawing reduction: 18 %
Drawing speed: 1-10 m/min.
Voltage: o - A O V
Rod draw~ Drawbench (1) Effect of reducin~ drawing load The application of voltage manifested a distinctive effect of reducing the drawing load by 6-25 % as shown in Fig. 8, the effect being greater with an anion t~pe emulsion having an about 10 ~ oil concentration.
lltiZ~5'6
(2) Effect of lbssening rod seizure:
Rod seizure occurred in non-conducting drawing opera-tions both at a drawing speed of 6 m/min with a 10 % emulsion and a drawing speed oE 3 m/min with a 3 % emulsion. Upon applying a voltage of 40 volts, the drawing operations under the same conditions proceeded smoothly without rod seizures.
As clear from these test results, the lubricating method of the present invention also contributes to reduce-the drawing load while precluding the rod seizures.
The method of the invention is explained by way of lubrica ed drawing of a wire rod in the embodiment of Fig. 6 but it can also be applied in a similar manner to pipe drawing as show;l in Fig. 9, in which indicated at 1' is a pipe being dra~-n, at 2 a die, at 4 a cylindrical member, at 10 a conduc-tive press roller for applying current to the pipe 1', and at 11 a plug which controls the inside diameter of the drawn pipe. me plug 11 is supported by a rod 12 in a fixed concen-trical position with~" the die 2. The cylinder 4 is provided with a lubricant oll inlet 7a for supplying a lubricant oil around the outer periphery of the pipe 1' while the support rod 12 is internally provided with a lubricant oil supply passage 13 for supplying the lubricant oil around the inner periphery of the pipe 1'. m e cylindrical member 4 and press roller 10 are connected to a DC power source 9 for conducting durrent during the drawing operation between a negative pole formed on the inner periphery of the cylinder 4 and the outer ., .. , ~
~62596 periphery of the support rod 12 and a positiYe pole formed on the inner and outer peripheries of the pipe 1'. In this embodiment, the lubricant oil of anion type emulsion is affec-tively adhered on the inner and outer peripheries of the pipe 1' forming a positive pole to ensure smooth drawing operation free of pipe seizures.
III. Divided Control of Lubrication:
Referring now to ~ig. 10, there is shown a rolling mill for controlling the shape of a rolling strip utilizing the c~ilductive lubrication of the present invention. In this embodiment, working rolls 7a and 7b are directly contacted with a lubricant oil 2 in troughs 8a and 8b which are located along the lengths of the respective rolls 7a and 7b, so that the lubricant oil 2 is fed in the rolling direction'as the working rolls 7a and 7b are rotated. Located within the lubricant oil troughs 8a and 8b are a number of pole plates 9a-1 to 9a-3 and 9b-1 to 9b-3 which are positioned in face-to-face relation with the'working rolls which form an opposite pole of an electric circuit for producing an electric field in the lubricant oil 2 between the opposing poles. In this particular embodiment, the pole plates 9a-1', 9b-1, 9a-3 and 9b-3 which face the opposite end portions of the working rolls are connected to a common power source llb through a voltage regulator lOb, separately from the intermediate pole plates 9a-2 and 9b-2 which are connected to another power source la through a voltage regulatorlOa, to control the lubrication ~16;~5~
independently in the middle and opposite end portions of the working rolls 7a and 8b. A number of detectors 12-1 to 12 3 are located across the width of the rolled strip A to detec-t its shape and dimensions, the opposite end detectors 12-1 and 12-3 being connected to the voltage regulator 10b while the middle detector 12-2 being connected to the voltage regulator 10a.
~pon commencing the rolling operation, a voltage is applied between the respective opposing poles to pull the lubricant oil electrically toward the working rolls thereby to ad~ust the adherence o~ the lubricant oil on the working rolls. EVel~ if the adherence is uniformly controlled along the len~ths of the working rolls, there sometimes occur variations in the degree of lubrication which cause elongations in the middle portion of the rolling strip or undulations along the opposite longitudinal sides of the strip A.
These conditions are immediately detected by the detectors 12-1 to 12-3 and the voltage regulators 10a and 10b are operated to ad~ust counteractively the voltages.to be applied to the respective pole plates. More particularly, in a case where the lubrication in the opposite end portions of the rolling strip is deficient, the voltage to the pole plates 9a-1, 9b-1, 9a-3 and 9b-3 is increasedto increase the adherence of the lubricant oil to the opposite end portions of the working rolls. On the other hand, when the lubrication in the middle portlon o~ the rolling strip is deficient, the voltage to the pole plates 9a-2 and 9b-2 is boosted to increase the adherence of the lubricant , . .
~6~;
oil to the middle portions of the working rolls. By so doing, uniform lubrication is maintained along the length of the work-ing rolls to allow produc-tion of rolled plates of high quality which are free of elongations in the middle portion or undulations along the longitudinal edges thereof.
The separate control of the adherence of the lubricant oil in the middle and opposite end portions of the working roll can be expressed by a control pattern of Fig. 11.
In a case where more than 5 sets of a pole plate and a ~0 detec~:or, each connected to a power source and a voltage regulator of a separate control circuit, are juxtaposed in the transverse direction, it becomes possible to control the adherence of the lubricant oil in a more finely divided pattern as shown in Flgs. 12 to 1~. The pole plates are located within the lubricant oil troughs 8a and 8b in the embodiment of Fig . 10 . However, they may be omitted by using the upright wall portions of the troughs 8a and 8b which are disposed via-a-vis with the respective working rolls.
Further, the terminal end of each electric control circuit which is directly connected to the working roll in the embodiment of Fig. 10 may be connected to a conductive slide member which is positioned in contact with a working roll slidably relative to the rotation of the working roll, thereby to prevent current leakage to a roll bearing or chock.
Such conductive slide member is preferred to be formed of graphite or a material which is highly conductive and .
resistant to abrasive wear.
, , .
~16~59~i;
It will be appreciated from the foregoing description that the lubricating me-thod of the present invention has a high practical value particularly in lu;~ricated drawing or lubricated rolling operations. To summarize the erfects accruing from the method of the present invention:
~ a) The adherence is increased irrespective of the kind of the lubricant oil (anion-, cation- or nonion type), and with a lubrica~t oil of anion type emulslon the adherence can be dras~ically increased by application of a relatively small voltage.
(b) The adherence of lubricant oil to a working tool (e.g., a die or roll) can be controlled by ad~usting the apply-ing voltage or current, providing optimum lubrication with use, of a llibricant oil of a given concentration depending upon the nature or the work and conditions of a drawing or rolling operation.
(c) Even if the lubricant oil undergoes a change during plastic-working operation (e.g., a change in particlè size or concentration of the emulsion), it is possible to control the adh~rence counteractively, constantly permitting the plastic-working operation to proceed stably.
~ d) Seizure OL a work is suppressed to a minimum, coupled with other advantageous eEfects such as prolongation of the service life of dies and working rollsr lenssened drawing or rolling loads, higher quality of drawn or rolled products.
While particular preferred embodiments have been ll~ZSS'~
described, i-t is -to be understood that the invention is not limited by -the particular details shoT~n and various modifica-tions and alterations can be made without departing from the scope of the inven~ion as defined by the appended claims.
Rod seizure occurred in non-conducting drawing opera-tions both at a drawing speed of 6 m/min with a 10 % emulsion and a drawing speed oE 3 m/min with a 3 % emulsion. Upon applying a voltage of 40 volts, the drawing operations under the same conditions proceeded smoothly without rod seizures.
As clear from these test results, the lubricating method of the present invention also contributes to reduce-the drawing load while precluding the rod seizures.
The method of the invention is explained by way of lubrica ed drawing of a wire rod in the embodiment of Fig. 6 but it can also be applied in a similar manner to pipe drawing as show;l in Fig. 9, in which indicated at 1' is a pipe being dra~-n, at 2 a die, at 4 a cylindrical member, at 10 a conduc-tive press roller for applying current to the pipe 1', and at 11 a plug which controls the inside diameter of the drawn pipe. me plug 11 is supported by a rod 12 in a fixed concen-trical position with~" the die 2. The cylinder 4 is provided with a lubricant oll inlet 7a for supplying a lubricant oil around the outer periphery of the pipe 1' while the support rod 12 is internally provided with a lubricant oil supply passage 13 for supplying the lubricant oil around the inner periphery of the pipe 1'. m e cylindrical member 4 and press roller 10 are connected to a DC power source 9 for conducting durrent during the drawing operation between a negative pole formed on the inner periphery of the cylinder 4 and the outer ., .. , ~
~62596 periphery of the support rod 12 and a positiYe pole formed on the inner and outer peripheries of the pipe 1'. In this embodiment, the lubricant oil of anion type emulsion is affec-tively adhered on the inner and outer peripheries of the pipe 1' forming a positive pole to ensure smooth drawing operation free of pipe seizures.
III. Divided Control of Lubrication:
Referring now to ~ig. 10, there is shown a rolling mill for controlling the shape of a rolling strip utilizing the c~ilductive lubrication of the present invention. In this embodiment, working rolls 7a and 7b are directly contacted with a lubricant oil 2 in troughs 8a and 8b which are located along the lengths of the respective rolls 7a and 7b, so that the lubricant oil 2 is fed in the rolling direction'as the working rolls 7a and 7b are rotated. Located within the lubricant oil troughs 8a and 8b are a number of pole plates 9a-1 to 9a-3 and 9b-1 to 9b-3 which are positioned in face-to-face relation with the'working rolls which form an opposite pole of an electric circuit for producing an electric field in the lubricant oil 2 between the opposing poles. In this particular embodiment, the pole plates 9a-1', 9b-1, 9a-3 and 9b-3 which face the opposite end portions of the working rolls are connected to a common power source llb through a voltage regulator lOb, separately from the intermediate pole plates 9a-2 and 9b-2 which are connected to another power source la through a voltage regulatorlOa, to control the lubrication ~16;~5~
independently in the middle and opposite end portions of the working rolls 7a and 8b. A number of detectors 12-1 to 12 3 are located across the width of the rolled strip A to detec-t its shape and dimensions, the opposite end detectors 12-1 and 12-3 being connected to the voltage regulator 10b while the middle detector 12-2 being connected to the voltage regulator 10a.
~pon commencing the rolling operation, a voltage is applied between the respective opposing poles to pull the lubricant oil electrically toward the working rolls thereby to ad~ust the adherence o~ the lubricant oil on the working rolls. EVel~ if the adherence is uniformly controlled along the len~ths of the working rolls, there sometimes occur variations in the degree of lubrication which cause elongations in the middle portion of the rolling strip or undulations along the opposite longitudinal sides of the strip A.
These conditions are immediately detected by the detectors 12-1 to 12-3 and the voltage regulators 10a and 10b are operated to ad~ust counteractively the voltages.to be applied to the respective pole plates. More particularly, in a case where the lubrication in the opposite end portions of the rolling strip is deficient, the voltage to the pole plates 9a-1, 9b-1, 9a-3 and 9b-3 is increasedto increase the adherence of the lubricant oil to the opposite end portions of the working rolls. On the other hand, when the lubrication in the middle portlon o~ the rolling strip is deficient, the voltage to the pole plates 9a-2 and 9b-2 is boosted to increase the adherence of the lubricant , . .
~6~;
oil to the middle portions of the working rolls. By so doing, uniform lubrication is maintained along the length of the work-ing rolls to allow produc-tion of rolled plates of high quality which are free of elongations in the middle portion or undulations along the longitudinal edges thereof.
The separate control of the adherence of the lubricant oil in the middle and opposite end portions of the working roll can be expressed by a control pattern of Fig. 11.
In a case where more than 5 sets of a pole plate and a ~0 detec~:or, each connected to a power source and a voltage regulator of a separate control circuit, are juxtaposed in the transverse direction, it becomes possible to control the adherence of the lubricant oil in a more finely divided pattern as shown in Flgs. 12 to 1~. The pole plates are located within the lubricant oil troughs 8a and 8b in the embodiment of Fig . 10 . However, they may be omitted by using the upright wall portions of the troughs 8a and 8b which are disposed via-a-vis with the respective working rolls.
Further, the terminal end of each electric control circuit which is directly connected to the working roll in the embodiment of Fig. 10 may be connected to a conductive slide member which is positioned in contact with a working roll slidably relative to the rotation of the working roll, thereby to prevent current leakage to a roll bearing or chock.
Such conductive slide member is preferred to be formed of graphite or a material which is highly conductive and .
resistant to abrasive wear.
, , .
~16~59~i;
It will be appreciated from the foregoing description that the lubricating me-thod of the present invention has a high practical value particularly in lu;~ricated drawing or lubricated rolling operations. To summarize the erfects accruing from the method of the present invention:
~ a) The adherence is increased irrespective of the kind of the lubricant oil (anion-, cation- or nonion type), and with a lubrica~t oil of anion type emulslon the adherence can be dras~ically increased by application of a relatively small voltage.
(b) The adherence of lubricant oil to a working tool (e.g., a die or roll) can be controlled by ad~usting the apply-ing voltage or current, providing optimum lubrication with use, of a llibricant oil of a given concentration depending upon the nature or the work and conditions of a drawing or rolling operation.
(c) Even if the lubricant oil undergoes a change during plastic-working operation (e.g., a change in particlè size or concentration of the emulsion), it is possible to control the adh~rence counteractively, constantly permitting the plastic-working operation to proceed stably.
~ d) Seizure OL a work is suppressed to a minimum, coupled with other advantageous eEfects such as prolongation of the service life of dies and working rollsr lenssened drawing or rolling loads, higher quality of drawn or rolled products.
While particular preferred embodiments have been ll~ZSS'~
described, i-t is -to be understood that the invention is not limited by -the particular details shoT~n and various modifica-tions and alterations can be made without departing from the scope of the inven~ion as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (15)
1. A method for electrically increasing the degree of lubrication in a lubricated plastic-working operation of a metal-lic material to be worked with a metallic working tool,comprising:
incorporating one of said material and said tool into a DC circuit to form a pole in face-to-face relation with an opposite pole; and conducting current between said poles to produce an electric field in an emulsion type lubricant oil pre-vailing therebetween, causing said lubricant oil to be electrically pulled toward said one of said material and said tool to increase the adherence of said lubricant oil thereto.
incorporating one of said material and said tool into a DC circuit to form a pole in face-to-face relation with an opposite pole; and conducting current between said poles to produce an electric field in an emulsion type lubricant oil pre-vailing therebetween, causing said lubricant oil to be electrically pulled toward said one of said material and said tool to increase the adherence of said lubricant oil thereto.
2. A method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said plastic-working operation is a rolling operation.
3. A method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said plastic-working operation is a drawing operation.
4. An apparatus for lubricated plastic-working of a metallic material to be worked with a metallic working tool having means for electrically increasing the degree of lubrication, which comprises:
a lubricant oil trough holding an emulsion type lubricant oil in contact with one of said material and said tool; and a DC circuit incorporating said one of said material
4. An apparatus for lubricated plastic-working of a metallic material to be worked with a metallic working tool having means for electrically increasing the degree of lubrication, which comprises:
a lubricant oil trough holding an emulsion type lubricant oil in contact with one of said material and said tool; and a DC circuit incorporating said one of said material
Claim 4 continued ...
and said tool to form a first pole and having a second opposite pole disposed in contact with said lubricant oil and in face-to-face relation with said first pole to produce an electric field in said lubricant oil upon conducting a current between said first and second poles;
thereby causing said lubricant oil to be electrically pulled toward said one of said material and said tool to increase the adherence of said lubricant oil thereto.
and said tool to form a first pole and having a second opposite pole disposed in contact with said lubricant oil and in face-to-face relation with said first pole to produce an electric field in said lubricant oil upon conducting a current between said first and second poles;
thereby causing said lubricant oil to be electrically pulled toward said one of said material and said tool to increase the adherence of said lubricant oil thereto.
5. An apparatus as set forth in claim 4, wherein said second pole is formed by said lubricant oil trough.
6. An apparatus as set forth in claim. 4, wherein said second pole is constituted by a pole plate immersed in said lubricant oil and supported by said trough.
7. An apparatus as set forth in claim 4, wherein said tool is a drawing die and said trough member is adapted to hold said lubricant oil around a wire rod, an electric current being conducted between poles formed by said die and trough member to produce an electric field in said lubricant oil.
8. An apparatus as set forth in claim 4, wherein said tool is a roll forming said first pole in face-to-face relation with a pole plate forming said second pole and located in said trough member in contact with said lubricant oil, an electric current being conducted between said first and second poles to produce an electric field in said lubricant
9. An apparatus as set forth in claim 8, further comprising a conductive slide member slidably contacting said roll and connected to a terminal of said DC circuit.
10. An apparatus as set forth in claim 8, wherein said pole plate consists of a number of pieces aligned along the length of said roll and each independently functioning as a pole, said apparatus further comprising means for detecting dimensions of rolled work and means for separately controlling the intensities of the electric fields correspond-ing to the respective poles in response to signals from said detecting means.
11. The method as set forth in claim 1 further comprising:
detecting the shape of said metallic material downstream from said working tool; and generating a signal corresponding to said shape of said metallic material for controlling said current with said signal.
detecting the shape of said metallic material downstream from said working tool; and generating a signal corresponding to said shape of said metallic material for controlling said current with said signal.
12. An apparatus as set forth in claim 4 further comprising:
means for controlling adherence of said lubricant oil on said working tool wherein said means further comprises a plurality of detectors disposed downstream from said working tool for detecting the shape of said metallic material and for generating signals corresponding to the shape of said metallic material.
means for controlling adherence of said lubricant oil on said working tool wherein said means further comprises a plurality of detectors disposed downstream from said working tool for detecting the shape of said metallic material and for generating signals corresponding to the shape of said metallic material.
13. An apparatus as set forth in claim 12 further comprising a plurality of voltage regulators operatively associated with said plurality of detectors for regulating said current between said first and second poles in response to said signals.
14. An apparatus as set forth in claim 13 wherein said second pole further comprises a plurality of separately controllable pole plates.
15. An apparatus as set forth in claim 14 wherein said plurality of separately controllable pole plates further comprise a plurality of pole plates having individually varying pole plate widths with respect to the width of said working tool.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP104317/1979 | 1979-08-15 | ||
| JP10431779A JPS5630023A (en) | 1979-08-15 | 1979-08-15 | Electrically lubrication reinforced plastic working method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1162596A true CA1162596A (en) | 1984-02-21 |
Family
ID=14377551
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000358276A Expired CA1162596A (en) | 1979-08-15 | 1980-08-14 | Method and apparatus for electrically controlling lubrication in lubricated plastic-working of metallic material |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5630023A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1162596A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3030876A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2462945A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2058629B (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2568495B1 (en) * | 1984-08-02 | 1986-10-24 | Cegedur | DEVICE FOR BRUSHING AND CONTINUOUS LUBRICATION OF ROLLER ROLLS FOR FLAT ROLLER PRODUCTS. |
| JPS626716A (en) * | 1985-07-04 | 1987-01-13 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Rolling oil supply method for warm rolling |
| JP2776619B2 (en) * | 1990-06-26 | 1998-07-16 | 株式会社大同機械製作所 | Forging coating lubrication processing method and forging apparatus having coating lubrication processing means |
| DE4122224A1 (en) * | 1991-07-04 | 1993-01-07 | Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh | METHOD FOR PRETREATING TREADED WIRE |
| CN101731801B (en) * | 2008-11-27 | 2011-10-19 | Ykk株式会社 | Cutting oil coating device of metal wire material for engaged elements in zipper teeth chain continuous making machine |
| CN102430596A (en) * | 2010-09-29 | 2012-05-02 | 山东莱芜金石集团有限公司 | Surface brusher |
| CN112605141A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-04-06 | 黄志鹏 | Welding rod core wire drawing device |
| CN113430038A (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2021-09-24 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0七研究所 | Cutting fluid with nano-particle trace lubrication cutting synergy and preparation method thereof |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH469516A (en) * | 1967-03-29 | 1969-03-15 | Properzi Ilario | Rolling machine for the continuous rolling of bars, wires and various metal profiles |
| GB1313510A (en) * | 1969-11-13 | 1973-04-11 | American Metal Climax Inc | Lubrication |
| AU473798B2 (en) * | 1973-07-26 | 1976-07-01 | Ball Corporation | Method and apparatus for applying lubricating materials to metallic substrates |
-
1979
- 1979-08-15 JP JP10431779A patent/JPS5630023A/en active Pending
-
1980
- 1980-08-14 CA CA000358276A patent/CA1162596A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-08-14 FR FR8018021A patent/FR2462945A1/en active Granted
- 1980-08-14 DE DE19803030876 patent/DE3030876A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1980-08-15 GB GB8026704A patent/GB2058629B/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2462945A1 (en) | 1981-02-20 |
| JPS5630023A (en) | 1981-03-26 |
| GB2058629A (en) | 1981-04-15 |
| DE3030876A1 (en) | 1981-03-26 |
| GB2058629B (en) | 1983-01-26 |
| FR2462945B1 (en) | 1985-03-22 |
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