CA1155608A - Method of dyeing - Google Patents
Method of dyeingInfo
- Publication number
- CA1155608A CA1155608A CA000369569A CA369569A CA1155608A CA 1155608 A CA1155608 A CA 1155608A CA 000369569 A CA000369569 A CA 000369569A CA 369569 A CA369569 A CA 369569A CA 1155608 A CA1155608 A CA 1155608A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- textile
- dyeing
- web
- dye
- fibres
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 44
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000981 basic dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000982 direct dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940000425 combination drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- KRTSDMXIXPKRQR-AATRIKPKSA-N monocrotophos Chemical compound CNC(=O)\C=C(/C)OP(=O)(OC)OC KRTSDMXIXPKRQR-AATRIKPKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
- D06B19/00—Treatment of textile materials by liquids, gases or vapours, not provided for in groups D06B1/00 - D06B17/00
- D06B19/0088—Treatment of textile materials by liquids, gases or vapours, not provided for in groups D06B1/00 - D06B17/00 using a short bath ratio liquor
- D06B19/0094—Treatment of textile materials by liquids, gases or vapours, not provided for in groups D06B1/00 - D06B17/00 using a short bath ratio liquor as a foam
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
- D06P1/96—Dyeing characterised by a short bath ratio
- D06P1/965—Foam dyeing
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Improvements in or relating to a method of dyeing A method of dyeing a web or textile containing various kinds of fibres which are substantially separated from one another and are respectively on the two sides of the web or textile, wherein a first dyeing fluid which is suitable for dyeing the fibres on one side of the web or textile is applied in the form of a foam to said one side, and a second dyeing fluid which is suitable for dyeing fibres on the other side of the web or textile is applied in the form of a foam to said other side.
Improvements in or relating to a method of dyeing A method of dyeing a web or textile containing various kinds of fibres which are substantially separated from one another and are respectively on the two sides of the web or textile, wherein a first dyeing fluid which is suitable for dyeing the fibres on one side of the web or textile is applied in the form of a foam to said one side, and a second dyeing fluid which is suitable for dyeing fibres on the other side of the web or textile is applied in the form of a foam to said other side.
Description
escription o~f Invent on Improvements in or relating to a method of dyeing This invention relates to a method of dyeing and more particularly to a method of dyeing textiles, in which various kinds of fibres are spatially separated, for example pile fabrics such as velvet, plush or velours, although , the invention also relates to the dyeing of webs in the fonm of carpets and the i like. Such fabrics or webs frequently have a pile made of one kind of artificial fibre and a back made of natural or artificial oe llulose fibre. Most velours for use on furniture, for example, are now producedwith a polyacryl nitrile pile and a cotton back.
There are differences between the types of dyes which are best for dye-ing the individual kinds of fibres or which are the only ones that can be so used.
The follcwing dyes, for example, are used for frequently occurring fibre combina-tions:
Fibres: Dyes:
Polyacryl nitrile/cotton Basic/substantive Polyamide/cotton Acid/substantive Metal complex/substantive Polyester/cotton Dispersion/substantive.
Theoretically a textile containing various kinds of fibre can be dyedby first dyeing one kind of fibre in a first bath and then dyeing the other kind in a second bath. This is expensive, however, and an attempt is usually made to dye materials containing various fibres in a single bath containing the various kinds of dyes required for the various fibres.
Even during the process of preparing the dyeing liquor, different dyes may interfere with one another and thus become partly ineffective. It is esti-mated that this may affect up to 30% of the dyes used.
.
..
When a dye liquor which contains different dyes is applied to a textile material, e.g. by complete immersion in a padding machine, since, of course, the different dyes are dispersed throughout the liquor, each fibre conponent of the textile receives some dye which is intended for dyeing the other component.
~ These dye CQmpOnents are entrained by the textile without being used and are sub-; sequently washed out. The washing-out must be particularly thorough, especially if one fibre component is cotton. Owing to its absorption capacity, cotton re-tain dyes intended for the other fibre components but not capable of being fixed on cotton. If these dye components remain on the fibres they adversely affect the fastness of the colouring in the fabric or web. Consequently, the main prior ~: art method of completely impregnating the fabric results in heavy dye consumption and high washing costs.
One important modern fibre cQmbination is polyacryl nitrile/cellulose, from which most furniture plush is produced. Polyacryl nitrile is dyed with basic dyes which are cationic whereas substantive dyes for cellulose are anionic.
Unless special precautions are taken, these two types of dye will precipitate if they are mixed in a single liquor. Precipitation is l æ gely prevented by adding suitable extra chemicals. At high concentrations of dye, e.g. of the kind re-quired for dark colours, correspondingly large quantities of such extra chemicals are needed. These increase the cost and they also impair the stability of the liquor. The large amounts of extra chemicals must also be washed out, which further increases the washing costs.
The aforementioned problems cannot at present be avoided in the case of a textile comprising a mixed fibre, the components of which are uniformly distri-buted in the textiles. The above described method, hcwever, has hitherto also been used to dye fabrics or webs in which the various kinds of fibres are spati-ally separated from one another, and the present invention seeks to provide an improved method of dyeing such a fabric or web.
. ~s~
;
According to this invention there is provided a method of dyeing a web or textile containing v æ ious kinds of fibres which are substantially separated fran one another and are respectively on the two sides of the web or textile wherein a first dyeing fluid which is suitable for dyeing the fibres on one side of the web or textile is applied in the form of a foam to said one side, and a ; second dyeing fluid which is suitable for dyeing fibres on the other side of the web or textile is applied in the fo~n of a foam to said other side. The inven-tion also relates to a web or textile when dyed by such a method.
The web may be a pile fabric in which the pile consists of one kind of fibre and the back consists of another kind of fibre. The dyes may be such that they are subsequently fixed by steaming.
Preferably a measured quantity of foam is applied to each side of the web or textile.
It will be appreciated that the dyes are separated in the same manner as the fibres in the textile, and thus each dye is applied only to that side of the web or textile containing the kind of fibre for which the dye is intended.
Since each dye is applied in foam form, the applied dye liquid and consequently the amount of dye can be exactly proportioned and the mobility of the dye fluid is sufficiently reduced to prevent dye fluid introduced fran one side from immediately pentrating through the entire fabric. In addition, the various dye fluids are prevented from mixing inside the textile.
In the case, for example, of a plush with a polyacrylic pile, only basic dye is applied to the pile, the amount being just sufficient to dye the polyacrylic fibres, whereas the back remains substantially free fr~m this dye and is only given the required quantity of a substantive dye.
m e dyes, therefore, do not interfere with one another and no dye is removed without being used. m ere is no need for the said extra chemicals especially adapted to the , simultaneQus presen oe of a nu~ber of dyes.
m e result, therefore, is less oonsumption of dyes and special chemicals lower washing costs and improved fastness to rubbing.
m e method of applying a dye liquor in foam form to a textile is known per se from German Auslegeschrift 22 14 377 and United States Patent ; Specification 3,969,780.
In a preferred embodiment the foams and/or the dye fluids forming them are driven from both sides into the textile material. m us the dye fluids are used with maximum efficiency in that the individual dye fluids are intro-duced from the side into the web or textile but penetrate to only a predetermin-ed depth, so that the dyed regions do not overlap and there is no interference between the dyes inside the material.
By way of example, the foam can be applied on both sides and driven inwards by a devi oe described in applicant's co-pending Canadian patent appli-cation no. 343,789 filed January 16, 1980, now Canadian patent no. 1,138,605.
A comparative test was made on an acrylic cotton fabric weighing 480g per linear metre and coloured brcwn. When the material was dyed in a padding machine, i.e. in which the liquor contained the dye components for both kinds of fibre, the dyes and auxiliaries cost DM 0.45 per linear metre, whereas when the dye was a foam and the liquor was separated, the cost was DM 0.39 per metre. In addition there were the following advantages: Better fastness, shorLer steaming times and less washing, which led to a saving energy, no thickening of the fabric and an improved appearan oe for the fabric. As the dye was applied as a foam there were no problems in applying the dye liquor. These advantages also cont~ hute to redu oe the cost.
,
There are differences between the types of dyes which are best for dye-ing the individual kinds of fibres or which are the only ones that can be so used.
The follcwing dyes, for example, are used for frequently occurring fibre combina-tions:
Fibres: Dyes:
Polyacryl nitrile/cotton Basic/substantive Polyamide/cotton Acid/substantive Metal complex/substantive Polyester/cotton Dispersion/substantive.
Theoretically a textile containing various kinds of fibre can be dyedby first dyeing one kind of fibre in a first bath and then dyeing the other kind in a second bath. This is expensive, however, and an attempt is usually made to dye materials containing various fibres in a single bath containing the various kinds of dyes required for the various fibres.
Even during the process of preparing the dyeing liquor, different dyes may interfere with one another and thus become partly ineffective. It is esti-mated that this may affect up to 30% of the dyes used.
.
..
When a dye liquor which contains different dyes is applied to a textile material, e.g. by complete immersion in a padding machine, since, of course, the different dyes are dispersed throughout the liquor, each fibre conponent of the textile receives some dye which is intended for dyeing the other component.
~ These dye CQmpOnents are entrained by the textile without being used and are sub-; sequently washed out. The washing-out must be particularly thorough, especially if one fibre component is cotton. Owing to its absorption capacity, cotton re-tain dyes intended for the other fibre components but not capable of being fixed on cotton. If these dye components remain on the fibres they adversely affect the fastness of the colouring in the fabric or web. Consequently, the main prior ~: art method of completely impregnating the fabric results in heavy dye consumption and high washing costs.
One important modern fibre cQmbination is polyacryl nitrile/cellulose, from which most furniture plush is produced. Polyacryl nitrile is dyed with basic dyes which are cationic whereas substantive dyes for cellulose are anionic.
Unless special precautions are taken, these two types of dye will precipitate if they are mixed in a single liquor. Precipitation is l æ gely prevented by adding suitable extra chemicals. At high concentrations of dye, e.g. of the kind re-quired for dark colours, correspondingly large quantities of such extra chemicals are needed. These increase the cost and they also impair the stability of the liquor. The large amounts of extra chemicals must also be washed out, which further increases the washing costs.
The aforementioned problems cannot at present be avoided in the case of a textile comprising a mixed fibre, the components of which are uniformly distri-buted in the textiles. The above described method, hcwever, has hitherto also been used to dye fabrics or webs in which the various kinds of fibres are spati-ally separated from one another, and the present invention seeks to provide an improved method of dyeing such a fabric or web.
. ~s~
;
According to this invention there is provided a method of dyeing a web or textile containing v æ ious kinds of fibres which are substantially separated fran one another and are respectively on the two sides of the web or textile wherein a first dyeing fluid which is suitable for dyeing the fibres on one side of the web or textile is applied in the form of a foam to said one side, and a ; second dyeing fluid which is suitable for dyeing fibres on the other side of the web or textile is applied in the fo~n of a foam to said other side. The inven-tion also relates to a web or textile when dyed by such a method.
The web may be a pile fabric in which the pile consists of one kind of fibre and the back consists of another kind of fibre. The dyes may be such that they are subsequently fixed by steaming.
Preferably a measured quantity of foam is applied to each side of the web or textile.
It will be appreciated that the dyes are separated in the same manner as the fibres in the textile, and thus each dye is applied only to that side of the web or textile containing the kind of fibre for which the dye is intended.
Since each dye is applied in foam form, the applied dye liquid and consequently the amount of dye can be exactly proportioned and the mobility of the dye fluid is sufficiently reduced to prevent dye fluid introduced fran one side from immediately pentrating through the entire fabric. In addition, the various dye fluids are prevented from mixing inside the textile.
In the case, for example, of a plush with a polyacrylic pile, only basic dye is applied to the pile, the amount being just sufficient to dye the polyacrylic fibres, whereas the back remains substantially free fr~m this dye and is only given the required quantity of a substantive dye.
m e dyes, therefore, do not interfere with one another and no dye is removed without being used. m ere is no need for the said extra chemicals especially adapted to the , simultaneQus presen oe of a nu~ber of dyes.
m e result, therefore, is less oonsumption of dyes and special chemicals lower washing costs and improved fastness to rubbing.
m e method of applying a dye liquor in foam form to a textile is known per se from German Auslegeschrift 22 14 377 and United States Patent ; Specification 3,969,780.
In a preferred embodiment the foams and/or the dye fluids forming them are driven from both sides into the textile material. m us the dye fluids are used with maximum efficiency in that the individual dye fluids are intro-duced from the side into the web or textile but penetrate to only a predetermin-ed depth, so that the dyed regions do not overlap and there is no interference between the dyes inside the material.
By way of example, the foam can be applied on both sides and driven inwards by a devi oe described in applicant's co-pending Canadian patent appli-cation no. 343,789 filed January 16, 1980, now Canadian patent no. 1,138,605.
A comparative test was made on an acrylic cotton fabric weighing 480g per linear metre and coloured brcwn. When the material was dyed in a padding machine, i.e. in which the liquor contained the dye components for both kinds of fibre, the dyes and auxiliaries cost DM 0.45 per linear metre, whereas when the dye was a foam and the liquor was separated, the cost was DM 0.39 per metre. In addition there were the following advantages: Better fastness, shorLer steaming times and less washing, which led to a saving energy, no thickening of the fabric and an improved appearan oe for the fabric. As the dye was applied as a foam there were no problems in applying the dye liquor. These advantages also cont~ hute to redu oe the cost.
,
Claims (4)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A method of dyeing a web or textile containing various kinds of fibres which are substantially separated from one another and are respectively on the two sides of the web or textile, wherein the first dyeing fluid which is suitable for dyeing the fibres on one side of the web or textile is applied in the form of a foam to said one side, and a second dyeing fluid which is suitable for dyeing fibres on the other side of the web or textile is applied in the form of a foam to said other side.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein a measured quantity of foam is applied to each side of the web or textile.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the foams and/or the dye fluids forming them are driven from both sides into the textile material.
4. A web or textile when dyed by a method according to claim 1 or claim 2.
FEATHERSTONHAUGH ? CO.
OTTAWA, CANADA
PATENT AGENTS
FEATHERSTONHAUGH ? CO.
OTTAWA, CANADA
PATENT AGENTS
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP3002970.0-26 | 1980-01-29 | ||
| DE3002970A DE3002970C2 (en) | 1980-01-29 | 1980-01-29 | Process for the continuous dyeing of web-shaped textiles with different types of fibers |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1155608A true CA1155608A (en) | 1983-10-25 |
Family
ID=6093099
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000369569A Expired CA1155608A (en) | 1980-01-29 | 1981-01-28 | Method of dyeing |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5934828B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE886348A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1155608A (en) |
| DD (1) | DD155092A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3002970C2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2474549A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2068420B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1150975B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3420208A1 (en) * | 1984-03-23 | 1985-10-03 | Fleißner GmbH & Co, Maschinenfabrik, 6073 Egelsbach | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTINUOUSLY TREATING PATTERNED TEXTILE PRODUCTS, LIKE CARPETS |
| JPS61202789U (en) * | 1985-06-07 | 1986-12-19 |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1065344B (en) * | 1948-10-01 | |||
| FR1199550A (en) * | 1957-03-14 | 1959-12-15 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Manufacturing process of composite products of foam and fibers |
| DE2214377B2 (en) * | 1972-03-24 | 1979-08-09 | Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Process for the continuous dyeing of two-dimensional textiles |
| US3969780A (en) * | 1972-05-04 | 1976-07-20 | Henderson James M | Continuous carpet dyeing process |
| DE2402353B2 (en) * | 1974-01-18 | 1980-03-06 | Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Process for the continuous dyeing of two-dimensional textiles |
| DE2402342A1 (en) * | 1974-01-18 | 1975-07-31 | Hoechst Ag | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR COLORING AND / OR FINISHING FABRIC TEXTILE |
| US4193762A (en) * | 1978-05-01 | 1980-03-18 | United Merchants And Manufacturers, Inc. | Textile treatment process |
| CH622921B (en) * | 1978-07-27 | Ciba Geigy Ag | PROCESS FOR FINISHING, IN PARTICULAR COLORING, PRINTING OR LIGHTENING. |
-
1980
- 1980-01-29 DE DE3002970A patent/DE3002970C2/en not_active Expired
- 1980-11-25 BE BE0/202936A patent/BE886348A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-11-26 FR FR8025112A patent/FR2474549A1/en active Pending
- 1980-11-27 GB GB8038012A patent/GB2068420B/en not_active Expired
- 1980-12-04 DD DD80225731A patent/DD155092A5/en unknown
- 1980-12-22 IT IT26858/80A patent/IT1150975B/en active
- 1980-12-22 JP JP55181806A patent/JPS5934828B2/en not_active Expired
-
1981
- 1981-01-28 CA CA000369569A patent/CA1155608A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT8026858A0 (en) | 1980-12-22 |
| GB2068420B (en) | 1983-04-07 |
| DE3002970C2 (en) | 1983-12-01 |
| DD155092A5 (en) | 1982-05-12 |
| GB2068420A (en) | 1981-08-12 |
| IT1150975B (en) | 1986-12-17 |
| FR2474549A1 (en) | 1981-07-31 |
| JPS5934828B2 (en) | 1984-08-24 |
| JPS56107083A (en) | 1981-08-25 |
| BE886348A (en) | 1981-03-16 |
| DE3002970A1 (en) | 1981-08-06 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |