CA1153575A - Wall made of concrete elements - Google Patents
Wall made of concrete elementsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1153575A CA1153575A CA000376676A CA376676A CA1153575A CA 1153575 A CA1153575 A CA 1153575A CA 000376676 A CA000376676 A CA 000376676A CA 376676 A CA376676 A CA 376676A CA 1153575 A CA1153575 A CA 1153575A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- wall
- elements
- wall according
- wall elements
- recesses
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
- E04C1/39—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra
- E04C1/395—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra for claustra, fences, planting walls, e.g. sound-absorbing
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F8/00—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic
- E01F8/02—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic specially adapted for sustaining vegetation or for accommodating plants ; Embankment-type or crib-type noise barriers; Retaining walls specially adapted to absorb or reflect noise
- E01F8/021—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic specially adapted for sustaining vegetation or for accommodating plants ; Embankment-type or crib-type noise barriers; Retaining walls specially adapted to absorb or reflect noise with integral support structure
- E01F8/024—Beam-type, e.g. square-set
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
- E02D29/0258—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features
- E02D29/0266—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features made up of preformed elements
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
- Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
- Finishing Walls (AREA)
Abstract
Applicant:
SFVollverbundstein-Kooperation GmbH
Bremerhavener Heerstrasse 14 2820 Bremen 77 l3th March 1981 Our ref.: 8912 Wall made of concrete elements Abstract For constructing, especially, noise-protection walls, plate-shaped concrete elements are used which are simple and can therefore be manufactured economically and which are assembled, by being pressed together, in such a way that all the concrete elements lie in planes directed evenly at an acute angle to the wall, A
wall structure which is very uneven on the visible faces and which, on the one hand, is sound-absorbing to a high degree and, on the other hand, is also aesthetically satisfying is obtained as a result Furthermore, planting is possible.
SFVollverbundstein-Kooperation GmbH
Bremerhavener Heerstrasse 14 2820 Bremen 77 l3th March 1981 Our ref.: 8912 Wall made of concrete elements Abstract For constructing, especially, noise-protection walls, plate-shaped concrete elements are used which are simple and can therefore be manufactured economically and which are assembled, by being pressed together, in such a way that all the concrete elements lie in planes directed evenly at an acute angle to the wall, A
wall structure which is very uneven on the visible faces and which, on the one hand, is sound-absorbing to a high degree and, on the other hand, is also aesthetically satisfying is obtained as a result Furthermore, planting is possible.
Description
~ ~ 5~ i;7~;
Wall made of concrete elements Description The invention relates to a wall made of plate-shaped wall elements, especially of concrete, which are joined together by means of push-in connections and which are provided with vertical recesses extending from the margins for the entry of an adjacent wall element, The efforts of the building industry to manufac-ture wall systems consisting of prefabricated, that is to say mass-produced concrete elements are many and various. In practice, it is possible to introduce successfully only those systems in which the individual wall elements are of a simple geometrical shape and can be assembled into a load-bearing system on the spot by means of simple assembly work. Furthermore, attempts have been made recently to design the wall elements or the wall constructions manufactured from ~LS3~i~5 them in such a way that plant growth can take placeO
The invention seeks to provide a wall made of pre-fabricated concrete elements, which can be formed largely of extremely simple and standard wall elements and permits equally simple assembly by means of slot-in connections, and, furthermore, is also aesthetically satisfying, while providing good stability and sound insulation.
According to the invention a wall made of vertical plate shaped concrete wall elements, which are joined to-gether by interlocking of vertical recesses in horizontalmargins of vertically adjacent plates, such vertically adjacent wall elements extending in planes at opposite acute angles to the plane of the wall to form an inter-locked framework have an approximately lazy-tongs con-figuration in plan.
Preferably a plurality of courses of wall elements are arranged above one another, the wall elements of one course being interlocked with wall elements of the two adjacent courses by means of interengaging recesses.
In a preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention, the plate shaped wall elements are provided with substan-tially rectangular upper and lower recesses in their upper and lower horizontal margins respectively and lying oppo-site one another in three pairs, such that the recesses are arranged symmetrically in relation to a central verti-cal transverse plane of the wall element.
Because of the high stability and the narrow width of the wall, it is possible, by means of the invention, for ~;3~5 the first time to use prefabricated, mass produced concrete elements for erecting effective noise protection walls on streets, highways and intersections.
The surface configuration of the present wall is sound absorbing to a high degree as a result of the alter-nating positions of the wall eIements from layer to layer.
This effect can be increased by means of planting which ensures, at the same time, that the exterior of the noise protection wall is attractive in comparison with hitherto conventional noise protection walls made of metal and plastic. For this purpose, the wall according to the invention is provided with a filling or backfill of earth, soil, sand or the like. The soil filling permits plant growth, recesses within the wall elements and between these allowing the passage of plants.
According to a further feature of the invention, measures are taken which retain the filling of earth or sand within the cavities formed by the wall elements, despite the recesses formed in these and between them.
Specially shaped concrete blocks in the form of retaining brackets are provided for this purpose which are placed on free margins of the wall elements or of recesses therein, in such a way that outward projecting retaining plates receive and support the filling of the wall to form a slope. At the same time, these retaining brackets have the function of collecting precipitation, especially rain water, and of guiding the latter, by means of retaining .~' 1~53~i~S
plates inclined towards the wall, into the interior of the wall and, consequently, to the plants or to the soil.
Exemplary embodiments of the invention are described in more detail below with reference to the drawings in which:
Figure 1 shows a portion of a wall, specifically a noise protection wall, in diagrammat.ic plan view;
Figure 2 shows in elevation a portion of the wall of Figure 1, partly cut away;
Figure 3 shows an exploded view of three wall ele-ments in a relative arrangement corresponding to their positions within the wall;
Figure 4 shows an individual wall element in elevation;
Figure 5 shows a fragment of the wall element accord-ing to Figure 4, in cross section and greatly enlarged;
Figure 6 shows, in a perspective representation, a special margin element which can be used in a wall at its upper and lower mar~ina.l~ regions;
Figure 7 shows, likewise in a perspective represen-tation, a terminal element which can be used in the lateral marginal region;
Figure 8 shows a vertical section through a portion of a wall element supporting a retaining bracket, on a greatly enlarged scale;
~;3S7S
Figure 9 shows a perspective ~presentation of the detail according to Figure 8.
The wall, or a portion thereof, which is illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 as a preferred exemplary embodiment can be used with particular advantages as a noise protection wall. It is composed of plate shaped wall elements 10 (Figure 4) ~oined exclusively by slot-in connections.
All the wa]l elements 10 are directed at an angle to the (imaginary) wall plane 11, namely, here, at an angle of 45. In this case, the rectangular wall elements 10 arranged in an upright position are placed in individual courses or layers 12a, 12b, 12c, etc., located above one another. The wall elements 10 of one layer 12a,12b, etc., are connected to the wall elements 10 of the layer extend-ing above or below this. Furthermore, the wall elements10 of the one layer 12a, 12b, etc., are aligned parallel to one another, but are offset 90 relative to the wall elements 10 of the adjacent layers. Consequently, the wall elements 10 of the one layer 12a, 12b, etc., lie perpendi-cular to the wall elements 10 of the adjacent layers 12a,12b, etc.. This results in a supporting structure which, as shown in Figure 1, resembles a horizontal pro-~ection of lazy. tongs. ~n the way des-cribed, a plurality of layers 12a, 12b, 12c, etc can be arranged above one another, the wall elements 10 of one layer 12a, 12b, etc. extendingin the same planes as the wall elements 10 o~ the next layer 12a, 12b, etc.
above.
. The supporting framework so far described is composed - predominantly - of rectangular plate-shaped wall elements 10 in the embodiment according to Figure 1.
According to this, each wall element 10 is provided with upper and lower recesses 13a, 13b, 13c and 14a, 14b, 14c respectively, which extend in a vertical direction from the upper margin 15 and lower margin 16 respectively of the plate-shaped wall element 10. The recesses 13a, 13b, 13c and 14a, 14b, 14c respectively have a rect-angular shape The transverse dimension, that is to say, the width of the recess 13, 14, corresponds approxi-mately to the thickness of the wall element 10. The middle recess 13b and 14b respectively lies in the verti-cal central transverse plane of the wall element 10, whilst the recesses 13a, 13c and 14a, 14c respectively towards the margin are located at a distance from the side margin of the wall element 10, forming a projection 17 on the margin side The depth of the recesses 13a, etc, and 14a, etc amounts approximately to one-third of the height of construction of the wall element 10. In the assembled state of the wall elements 10, these penetrate with each of their recesses into a 1~ ~3~;7~i recess of the adjoining wall element 10.
In an actual, advantageous exemplary embodiment o~ a wall element 10 made of unreinforced concrete, said wall element has a thickness of approximately 8 cm.
The longitudinal dimension (dimension in the plane at an angle to the wall plane 11) is 125 cm. The height dimension is chosen as 60 cm. A wall element 10 of this type can be made, lying flat on a production board of conventional dimensions, in a bloc~-making machine.
To guarantee that a wall element 10 is lifted off from this supporting board by means of conventional loading clamps gripping on the narrow marginal sides, namely at the margins 15 and 16, without the danger of damage, the projec-tions 17 formed at each of the corners of the wall element 10 are somewhat set back relative to the margin 15 or 16. As a res~lt, these projections 17 are not stressed with pressure by a laterally engag-ing loading clamp or by its jaws Using wall elements according to Figure 4, a stable wall having a considerable height of construc-tion can be erected by arranging several layers 12a, 12b, etc. above one another, and erected entirely by pushing the wall elements together in the formation des-cribed. Each wall element is connected, at the upper margin 15 and at the lower margin 16, at three points by means of a positive connection to adjacent) trarsversely directed wall elements. The dimensions of the wall transversely to the wall plane 11 are rela-- tively small, as a result, despite a high stability and ~lS;~S~5 a relatively high load-bearing capacity, As a result of the arrangement of wall elements 10 which has been described9 there exist, on both sides of the central wall plane 11, vertical cavities 18 which are closed in horizontal projection, being encompassed on all sides by wall elements 10, and which have a square or rectangular horizontal projection. These vertical column-like cavities 18 are filled, and preferably with soil which can be planted. ~he dimensions and arrangement of the wall elements 10 ensure that free gaps 19 exist, in the region of the vertical cavities 18, between layers 12a, 12b, 12c, etc which are vertically consecutive. Plants growing in the wall can be inserted in the region of these cavities 18 To improve further the capacity of the wall to receive plants, the wall elements 10 can, as illustrated, be provided with continuous openings 20. These lie respectively in the region between the planes or regions formed by the recesses 13a, 14a; 13b, 14b; 13c, 14c lying opposite one another Plants can likewise pass through these openings 20 However, the vertical cavities 18 can, in parti-cular fields of use of the wall, also contribute to increasing the stabilityand load-bearing capacity, in that additional supporting or holding members are provided within the cavities 18 In the exemplary embodi-ment shown in Figures 1 and 2, individual or several cavities 18 are filled with concrete, so that a vertical ;3S75 _ g concrete column 21 partially surrounded by wall elements 10 is formed here. This is made from concrete mixed i~ situ, after the wall has been assembled. It is ~lso envisaged here that the concrete column 21 be pro-vided with a con~entional reinforcement 22 The concrete column 21 or another supporting framework located in the cavities 18 is appropriately connected to a supporting system anchored in the ground. In the present case, the wall consisting of the wall ele-ments 10 stands on a foundation 23, especially a con-tinuous footing made of concrete. The concrete column 21 can bè bonded into this foundation 23 The system of the positive connection of each wall element 10 to three wall elements 10 of the layers 12a, 12b, 12c, etc. adjacent above and below is inter-rupted in the end regions of the wall. There, special terminal elements 24 are provided (Figure 7).
Having appropriately shorter dimensions, these are pro-vided with only two recesses 13a, 13b and 14a, 14b respectively, although these fit, in terms of size and dimension, into the grid system of the wall elements 10.
The terminal element 24 of one layer 12a, 12b, etc. is connected to an adjoining wall element 10 and to a further terminal element 24 of the adjacent layer 12a, 12b, etc. below and above At the low~r and upper margins 15, 16, the wall is appropriately provided with special marginal elements 25 (Figure 6) These correspond to a wall element 10 which is div~ded along a horizontal longitudinal 1~3~i7~j central plane, that is to say, "half" a wall element 10, but without the openings 20 proposed therein Con-~sequently, the marginal elements 25 are provided, on one side only, with three recesses 13a, 13b, 13c or 14a, 14b, 14c A lower or upper continuous smooth terminating margin 26 constitutes, at the bottom, a seat on the foundation 23 or the like. At the top, the marginal elements 25 formed in this way constitute a smooth termination of the wall.
The surfaces or visible faces of the wall ele-ments 10 can also be structured differently in a special way. As a resul*, highly varied visual impressions arise, dependingon the direction from which the wall is seen.
For example, the face turned upwards when the wall elements 10 are manufactured can be provided with grooves 27 which are produced, during manufacture, by means of a di~ which can be lowered from above onto the concrete mould. Furthermore, the grooves 27, which are trapezoidal in cross-section in the present case (Figure 5), have the effect that the die can be lifted off from the surface of the wall element 10 without problems, namely without loosening concrete pieces from said sur-face, In the case of walls with a relatively large height of construction and loads resulting therefrom in the region of the push-in connections, it can be appro-priate to provide the inside limitations of the recesses 13a, 13b, etc. and 14a, 14b, etc., as a bearing face 28 for adjoining wall elements 10, with an equalising ~ 5~3~7S
layer 29 which equalises or which distributes the load over the entire bearing face 28, This equalising layer can consist of appropriate pieces of elastic material, for example so-called gap-fi]ling felt.
The assembly of the wall elements 10 described or the erection of a wall is carried out by placing the individual layers 12a, 12b, etc. one after another, with the insertion of each wall element 10 into the recesses 13a, 13b, 13c of a wall element 10 of the layer already in place. For this purpose,the wall elements 10 can be handled by means of a lightweight lifting appli-ance, for example by means of a small crane present on a transport vehicle (heavy goods vehicle). This crane appropriately engages into the openings 20 of the wall elements 10 by means of appropriate loading gear The cavities 18 formed by the wall elements 10 in the assembled state are preferably provided with a backfill. 32 consisting of sand, gravel, or prefer-ably of soil, which permits growth in the region of openings and recesses of the wall. To prevent the (loose) backfill 32 from escaping in the region of, for example, the openings 20 of the wall elements 10, special retaining pieces are arranged here for the backfill 32,.namely retaining brackets 31 designed as separate shaped concrete blocks Each of these consists of a retaining plate 33 which is arranged in the manner of a table and which extends transversely to the plane of the wall element 10 and projects on the outer side, that - is to say, the side lying opposite the backfill 32.
:1~53575 The retaining brackets 31 are located on a (lower) margin 30 of the opening 20, so that the backfill.32 forms here a "natural" slope 38 on the retaining plate ~3.
The retaining plate 33 is designed with an inclined upper supporting face 39, As a result of the inward-descending inclination of the supporting face 39, collected water - due to precipitations - is guided inwards into the backfill. 32 and thereby effects a watering of the plants, A bead-like elevation 36 is located at the outer margin of the retaining plate 33, . The retaining brackets 31,designed as a simple concrete moulding,are connected positively to the wall element 10 by being pushed onto the latter, For this pulpose, moulded on the underside of the retaining bracket 31 or of the retaining plate 33 are two legs 3~ and 35 which extend on both sides of that region of the ~all element 10 which faces the opening 20, that is to say, which surround this part positively, The leg located on the inside is made longer, so that the backfill 32 bearing thereon causes an embedding and . .
fixing of the retaining bracket 31.
-~-----Several-retaining brackets 31 can be located next to one another in the regionof one opening 20, as is evident from Figure 4,
Wall made of concrete elements Description The invention relates to a wall made of plate-shaped wall elements, especially of concrete, which are joined together by means of push-in connections and which are provided with vertical recesses extending from the margins for the entry of an adjacent wall element, The efforts of the building industry to manufac-ture wall systems consisting of prefabricated, that is to say mass-produced concrete elements are many and various. In practice, it is possible to introduce successfully only those systems in which the individual wall elements are of a simple geometrical shape and can be assembled into a load-bearing system on the spot by means of simple assembly work. Furthermore, attempts have been made recently to design the wall elements or the wall constructions manufactured from ~LS3~i~5 them in such a way that plant growth can take placeO
The invention seeks to provide a wall made of pre-fabricated concrete elements, which can be formed largely of extremely simple and standard wall elements and permits equally simple assembly by means of slot-in connections, and, furthermore, is also aesthetically satisfying, while providing good stability and sound insulation.
According to the invention a wall made of vertical plate shaped concrete wall elements, which are joined to-gether by interlocking of vertical recesses in horizontalmargins of vertically adjacent plates, such vertically adjacent wall elements extending in planes at opposite acute angles to the plane of the wall to form an inter-locked framework have an approximately lazy-tongs con-figuration in plan.
Preferably a plurality of courses of wall elements are arranged above one another, the wall elements of one course being interlocked with wall elements of the two adjacent courses by means of interengaging recesses.
In a preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention, the plate shaped wall elements are provided with substan-tially rectangular upper and lower recesses in their upper and lower horizontal margins respectively and lying oppo-site one another in three pairs, such that the recesses are arranged symmetrically in relation to a central verti-cal transverse plane of the wall element.
Because of the high stability and the narrow width of the wall, it is possible, by means of the invention, for ~;3~5 the first time to use prefabricated, mass produced concrete elements for erecting effective noise protection walls on streets, highways and intersections.
The surface configuration of the present wall is sound absorbing to a high degree as a result of the alter-nating positions of the wall eIements from layer to layer.
This effect can be increased by means of planting which ensures, at the same time, that the exterior of the noise protection wall is attractive in comparison with hitherto conventional noise protection walls made of metal and plastic. For this purpose, the wall according to the invention is provided with a filling or backfill of earth, soil, sand or the like. The soil filling permits plant growth, recesses within the wall elements and between these allowing the passage of plants.
According to a further feature of the invention, measures are taken which retain the filling of earth or sand within the cavities formed by the wall elements, despite the recesses formed in these and between them.
Specially shaped concrete blocks in the form of retaining brackets are provided for this purpose which are placed on free margins of the wall elements or of recesses therein, in such a way that outward projecting retaining plates receive and support the filling of the wall to form a slope. At the same time, these retaining brackets have the function of collecting precipitation, especially rain water, and of guiding the latter, by means of retaining .~' 1~53~i~S
plates inclined towards the wall, into the interior of the wall and, consequently, to the plants or to the soil.
Exemplary embodiments of the invention are described in more detail below with reference to the drawings in which:
Figure 1 shows a portion of a wall, specifically a noise protection wall, in diagrammat.ic plan view;
Figure 2 shows in elevation a portion of the wall of Figure 1, partly cut away;
Figure 3 shows an exploded view of three wall ele-ments in a relative arrangement corresponding to their positions within the wall;
Figure 4 shows an individual wall element in elevation;
Figure 5 shows a fragment of the wall element accord-ing to Figure 4, in cross section and greatly enlarged;
Figure 6 shows, in a perspective representation, a special margin element which can be used in a wall at its upper and lower mar~ina.l~ regions;
Figure 7 shows, likewise in a perspective represen-tation, a terminal element which can be used in the lateral marginal region;
Figure 8 shows a vertical section through a portion of a wall element supporting a retaining bracket, on a greatly enlarged scale;
~;3S7S
Figure 9 shows a perspective ~presentation of the detail according to Figure 8.
The wall, or a portion thereof, which is illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 as a preferred exemplary embodiment can be used with particular advantages as a noise protection wall. It is composed of plate shaped wall elements 10 (Figure 4) ~oined exclusively by slot-in connections.
All the wa]l elements 10 are directed at an angle to the (imaginary) wall plane 11, namely, here, at an angle of 45. In this case, the rectangular wall elements 10 arranged in an upright position are placed in individual courses or layers 12a, 12b, 12c, etc., located above one another. The wall elements 10 of one layer 12a,12b, etc., are connected to the wall elements 10 of the layer extend-ing above or below this. Furthermore, the wall elements10 of the one layer 12a, 12b, etc., are aligned parallel to one another, but are offset 90 relative to the wall elements 10 of the adjacent layers. Consequently, the wall elements 10 of the one layer 12a, 12b, etc., lie perpendi-cular to the wall elements 10 of the adjacent layers 12a,12b, etc.. This results in a supporting structure which, as shown in Figure 1, resembles a horizontal pro-~ection of lazy. tongs. ~n the way des-cribed, a plurality of layers 12a, 12b, 12c, etc can be arranged above one another, the wall elements 10 of one layer 12a, 12b, etc. extendingin the same planes as the wall elements 10 o~ the next layer 12a, 12b, etc.
above.
. The supporting framework so far described is composed - predominantly - of rectangular plate-shaped wall elements 10 in the embodiment according to Figure 1.
According to this, each wall element 10 is provided with upper and lower recesses 13a, 13b, 13c and 14a, 14b, 14c respectively, which extend in a vertical direction from the upper margin 15 and lower margin 16 respectively of the plate-shaped wall element 10. The recesses 13a, 13b, 13c and 14a, 14b, 14c respectively have a rect-angular shape The transverse dimension, that is to say, the width of the recess 13, 14, corresponds approxi-mately to the thickness of the wall element 10. The middle recess 13b and 14b respectively lies in the verti-cal central transverse plane of the wall element 10, whilst the recesses 13a, 13c and 14a, 14c respectively towards the margin are located at a distance from the side margin of the wall element 10, forming a projection 17 on the margin side The depth of the recesses 13a, etc, and 14a, etc amounts approximately to one-third of the height of construction of the wall element 10. In the assembled state of the wall elements 10, these penetrate with each of their recesses into a 1~ ~3~;7~i recess of the adjoining wall element 10.
In an actual, advantageous exemplary embodiment o~ a wall element 10 made of unreinforced concrete, said wall element has a thickness of approximately 8 cm.
The longitudinal dimension (dimension in the plane at an angle to the wall plane 11) is 125 cm. The height dimension is chosen as 60 cm. A wall element 10 of this type can be made, lying flat on a production board of conventional dimensions, in a bloc~-making machine.
To guarantee that a wall element 10 is lifted off from this supporting board by means of conventional loading clamps gripping on the narrow marginal sides, namely at the margins 15 and 16, without the danger of damage, the projec-tions 17 formed at each of the corners of the wall element 10 are somewhat set back relative to the margin 15 or 16. As a res~lt, these projections 17 are not stressed with pressure by a laterally engag-ing loading clamp or by its jaws Using wall elements according to Figure 4, a stable wall having a considerable height of construc-tion can be erected by arranging several layers 12a, 12b, etc. above one another, and erected entirely by pushing the wall elements together in the formation des-cribed. Each wall element is connected, at the upper margin 15 and at the lower margin 16, at three points by means of a positive connection to adjacent) trarsversely directed wall elements. The dimensions of the wall transversely to the wall plane 11 are rela-- tively small, as a result, despite a high stability and ~lS;~S~5 a relatively high load-bearing capacity, As a result of the arrangement of wall elements 10 which has been described9 there exist, on both sides of the central wall plane 11, vertical cavities 18 which are closed in horizontal projection, being encompassed on all sides by wall elements 10, and which have a square or rectangular horizontal projection. These vertical column-like cavities 18 are filled, and preferably with soil which can be planted. ~he dimensions and arrangement of the wall elements 10 ensure that free gaps 19 exist, in the region of the vertical cavities 18, between layers 12a, 12b, 12c, etc which are vertically consecutive. Plants growing in the wall can be inserted in the region of these cavities 18 To improve further the capacity of the wall to receive plants, the wall elements 10 can, as illustrated, be provided with continuous openings 20. These lie respectively in the region between the planes or regions formed by the recesses 13a, 14a; 13b, 14b; 13c, 14c lying opposite one another Plants can likewise pass through these openings 20 However, the vertical cavities 18 can, in parti-cular fields of use of the wall, also contribute to increasing the stabilityand load-bearing capacity, in that additional supporting or holding members are provided within the cavities 18 In the exemplary embodi-ment shown in Figures 1 and 2, individual or several cavities 18 are filled with concrete, so that a vertical ;3S75 _ g concrete column 21 partially surrounded by wall elements 10 is formed here. This is made from concrete mixed i~ situ, after the wall has been assembled. It is ~lso envisaged here that the concrete column 21 be pro-vided with a con~entional reinforcement 22 The concrete column 21 or another supporting framework located in the cavities 18 is appropriately connected to a supporting system anchored in the ground. In the present case, the wall consisting of the wall ele-ments 10 stands on a foundation 23, especially a con-tinuous footing made of concrete. The concrete column 21 can bè bonded into this foundation 23 The system of the positive connection of each wall element 10 to three wall elements 10 of the layers 12a, 12b, 12c, etc. adjacent above and below is inter-rupted in the end regions of the wall. There, special terminal elements 24 are provided (Figure 7).
Having appropriately shorter dimensions, these are pro-vided with only two recesses 13a, 13b and 14a, 14b respectively, although these fit, in terms of size and dimension, into the grid system of the wall elements 10.
The terminal element 24 of one layer 12a, 12b, etc. is connected to an adjoining wall element 10 and to a further terminal element 24 of the adjacent layer 12a, 12b, etc. below and above At the low~r and upper margins 15, 16, the wall is appropriately provided with special marginal elements 25 (Figure 6) These correspond to a wall element 10 which is div~ded along a horizontal longitudinal 1~3~i7~j central plane, that is to say, "half" a wall element 10, but without the openings 20 proposed therein Con-~sequently, the marginal elements 25 are provided, on one side only, with three recesses 13a, 13b, 13c or 14a, 14b, 14c A lower or upper continuous smooth terminating margin 26 constitutes, at the bottom, a seat on the foundation 23 or the like. At the top, the marginal elements 25 formed in this way constitute a smooth termination of the wall.
The surfaces or visible faces of the wall ele-ments 10 can also be structured differently in a special way. As a resul*, highly varied visual impressions arise, dependingon the direction from which the wall is seen.
For example, the face turned upwards when the wall elements 10 are manufactured can be provided with grooves 27 which are produced, during manufacture, by means of a di~ which can be lowered from above onto the concrete mould. Furthermore, the grooves 27, which are trapezoidal in cross-section in the present case (Figure 5), have the effect that the die can be lifted off from the surface of the wall element 10 without problems, namely without loosening concrete pieces from said sur-face, In the case of walls with a relatively large height of construction and loads resulting therefrom in the region of the push-in connections, it can be appro-priate to provide the inside limitations of the recesses 13a, 13b, etc. and 14a, 14b, etc., as a bearing face 28 for adjoining wall elements 10, with an equalising ~ 5~3~7S
layer 29 which equalises or which distributes the load over the entire bearing face 28, This equalising layer can consist of appropriate pieces of elastic material, for example so-called gap-fi]ling felt.
The assembly of the wall elements 10 described or the erection of a wall is carried out by placing the individual layers 12a, 12b, etc. one after another, with the insertion of each wall element 10 into the recesses 13a, 13b, 13c of a wall element 10 of the layer already in place. For this purpose,the wall elements 10 can be handled by means of a lightweight lifting appli-ance, for example by means of a small crane present on a transport vehicle (heavy goods vehicle). This crane appropriately engages into the openings 20 of the wall elements 10 by means of appropriate loading gear The cavities 18 formed by the wall elements 10 in the assembled state are preferably provided with a backfill. 32 consisting of sand, gravel, or prefer-ably of soil, which permits growth in the region of openings and recesses of the wall. To prevent the (loose) backfill 32 from escaping in the region of, for example, the openings 20 of the wall elements 10, special retaining pieces are arranged here for the backfill 32,.namely retaining brackets 31 designed as separate shaped concrete blocks Each of these consists of a retaining plate 33 which is arranged in the manner of a table and which extends transversely to the plane of the wall element 10 and projects on the outer side, that - is to say, the side lying opposite the backfill 32.
:1~53575 The retaining brackets 31 are located on a (lower) margin 30 of the opening 20, so that the backfill.32 forms here a "natural" slope 38 on the retaining plate ~3.
The retaining plate 33 is designed with an inclined upper supporting face 39, As a result of the inward-descending inclination of the supporting face 39, collected water - due to precipitations - is guided inwards into the backfill. 32 and thereby effects a watering of the plants, A bead-like elevation 36 is located at the outer margin of the retaining plate 33, . The retaining brackets 31,designed as a simple concrete moulding,are connected positively to the wall element 10 by being pushed onto the latter, For this pulpose, moulded on the underside of the retaining bracket 31 or of the retaining plate 33 are two legs 3~ and 35 which extend on both sides of that region of the ~all element 10 which faces the opening 20, that is to say, which surround this part positively, The leg located on the inside is made longer, so that the backfill 32 bearing thereon causes an embedding and . .
fixing of the retaining bracket 31.
-~-----Several-retaining brackets 31 can be located next to one another in the regionof one opening 20, as is evident from Figure 4,
Claims (21)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A wall made of vertical plate shaped concrete wall elements, which are joined together by interlocking of vertical recesses in horizontal margins of vertically adjacent plates, such vertically adjacent wall elements extending in planes at opposite acute angles to the plane of the wall to form an interlocked framework having an approximately lazy-tongs configuration in plan.
2. A wall according to Claim 1, wherein the wall elements extend in planes at an angle of 45° to the wall plane and vertically adjacent elements extend in planes perpendicular to one another.
3. A wall according to Claim 1, wherein a plurality of courses of wall elements are arranged above one another, the wall elements of one course being interlocked with wall elements of the two adjacent courses by means of interengaging recesses.
4. A wall according to Claim 3, wherein the wall elements in each course extend in parallel planes at an angle of 45° to the wall plane, and perpendicular to the planes of the elements in vertically adjacent courses.
5. A wall according to Claim 3, wherein the wall elements are provided with substantially rectangular upper and lower recesses in their upper and lower horizontal margins respectively and lying opposite one another in three pairs, such that the recesses are arranged symmetri-cally in relation to a central vertical transverse plane of the wall element.
6. A wall according to Claim 5, characterized in that each intermediate wall element in a course is inter-locked with three wall elements, directed at an angle ...
thereto in an adjacent course.
thereto in an adjacent course.
7. A wall according to Claim 4, 5 or 6, wherein the wall elements within one course extend parallel to and at equal distances from one another.
8. A wall according to Claim 5 or 6, wherein an upper recess of one element engages a lower recess of an adjacent element.
9. A wall according to Claim 5 or 6, wherein ter-minal elements at vertical end margins of the wall are provided with upper and lower recesses lying opposite one another in two pairs.
10. A wall according to Claim 4 or 5, further including margin elements for installation at the upper and lower margins of the wall, which correspond approxi-mately to one half of a wall element and are similarly installed.
11. A wall according to Claim l, 4 or 5, wherein at least one surface of each wall element is grooved or channelled.
12. A wall according to Claim 1, 4 or 5, wherein the wall elements are provided with one or more openings adapted for receiving plants.
13. A wall according to Claim 4, wherein at least some of the vertical cavities delimited within the wall elements are provided with a filling of a plant growth medium adapted to receive plants in gaps between the block delimiting the cavities.
14. A wall according to Claim 4 or 13, wherein at least some of the vertical cavities delimited within the wall elements are filled by supporting columns of cast-in-situ concrete.
15. A wall according to Claim 1, with a backfill consisting of pourable material, especially sand, soil, earth or the like, and including retaining brackets, each extending transversely to the plane of an associated wall element and having a retaining surface extending on its side facing to the backfill, the brackets being located on free upper horizontal margins of the wall elements or on the lower margins of openings in the latter.
16. A wall according to Claim 15, wherein the re-taining brackets are separate components detachable from the wall elements but located positively thereon.
17. A wall according to Claim 16, wherein the re-taining brackets each have on their underside two legs spaced by the thickness of a wall element and straddling the margin of the latter to which the bracket is applied.
18. A wall according to Claim 15, wherein the top side of the retaining plate slopes up towards its outer margin remote from the backfill.
19. A wall according to Claim 15 or 18, characte-rized in that an upwardly extending flange is provided at the outer margin of the retaining bracket.
20. Vertical plate shaped concrete wall elements having vertical recesses in their horizonta1 margins adapted to interlock with vertical recesses in the horizontal margins of similar vertically adjacent elements to form an interlocked framework having an approximately lazy-tongs configuration in plan.
21. Vertical plate shaped concrete wall elements each in the form of a plate having opposite horizontal margins, six substantially rectangular notches being arranged in three equally spaced directly opposed pairs in said opposite edges of the plate.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19803016800 DE3016800A1 (en) | 1980-05-02 | 1980-05-02 | Sound insulating wall built from concrete slabs - which have slotted edges to facilitate interlocking and form uneven surface giving decorative effect |
| DEP3016800.4 | 1980-05-02 | ||
| DE19808028503 DE8028503U1 (en) | 1980-10-25 | 1980-10-25 | COMPONENT KIT FOR WALLS, SUPPORT WALLS AND THE LIKE |
| DEG8028503.6 | 1980-10-25 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1153575A true CA1153575A (en) | 1983-09-13 |
Family
ID=25785254
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000376676A Expired CA1153575A (en) | 1980-05-02 | 1981-05-01 | Wall made of concrete elements |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0039448A3 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1153575A (en) |
| DK (1) | DK194481A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO811467L (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2559028B1 (en) * | 1984-02-07 | 1986-12-26 | Tuyaux Bonna | UNDERWATER ARTIFICIAL REEFS AND PREFABRICATED PLATES FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF THESE REEFS |
| DE3413479A1 (en) * | 1984-04-10 | 1985-10-17 | Geotech Lizenz AG, Ennetbaden | CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT FOR CARRIER WALLS WITH SHELL FILLING |
| DE3607886A1 (en) * | 1986-03-10 | 1987-09-17 | Peter Wawrzinek | Variable element for use as windbreak, room divider or the like |
| US4785604A (en) * | 1987-03-17 | 1988-11-22 | Johnson Jr Robert H | Collapsible gridworks for forming structures by confining fluent materials |
| US4945689A (en) * | 1987-03-17 | 1990-08-07 | Johnson Jr Robert H | Collapsible gridwork for forming structures by confining fluent materials |
| FR2617890B1 (en) * | 1987-07-06 | 1989-11-17 | Sauvage Ets Victor | METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING A FUNERAL STRUCTURE |
| FR2680189B1 (en) * | 1991-08-05 | 1998-08-21 | Yves Lambert | WALL IN MODULAR PLATES. |
| FR2732991B1 (en) * | 1995-04-14 | 1997-07-04 | Joseph Perasso Et Ses Fils | PREFABRICATED CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT |
| EP0860109A3 (en) * | 1997-02-20 | 1999-01-20 | Ebenseer Betonwerke AG | Prefabricated construction elements and construction assembled thereof |
| US7591611B2 (en) | 2001-02-28 | 2009-09-22 | Geocell Systems, Inc. | Fluent material confinement system |
| WO2002068770A1 (en) | 2001-02-28 | 2002-09-06 | Arellanes Al M | Fluent material confinement system |
| GB2458511B (en) * | 2008-03-20 | 2012-06-13 | Graham George Ellis | Building element |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1811932C3 (en) * | 1968-11-30 | 1979-01-18 | Herwig 7031 Hildrizhausen Neumann | Retaining wall designed as a space lattice wall |
| FR2421243A1 (en) * | 1978-03-31 | 1979-10-26 | Peller Et Cie Entr Albert | Earth-filled crib wall - consists of precast beams in alternate courses defining rectangular cages with trough-section facia beams for planting grass |
-
1981
- 1981-04-23 EP EP81103058A patent/EP0039448A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1981-04-29 NO NO811467A patent/NO811467L/en unknown
- 1981-05-01 DK DK194481A patent/DK194481A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1981-05-01 CA CA000376676A patent/CA1153575A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0039448A3 (en) | 1982-07-14 |
| DK194481A (en) | 1981-11-03 |
| NO811467L (en) | 1981-11-03 |
| EP0039448A2 (en) | 1981-11-11 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |