CA1148114A - Device for the magnetic treatment of water and liquid and gaseous fuels - Google Patents
Device for the magnetic treatment of water and liquid and gaseous fuelsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1148114A CA1148114A CA000365732A CA365732A CA1148114A CA 1148114 A CA1148114 A CA 1148114A CA 000365732 A CA000365732 A CA 000365732A CA 365732 A CA365732 A CA 365732A CA 1148114 A CA1148114 A CA 1148114A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- magnet
- inner casing
- casing
- end portions
- magnetic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/48—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields
- C02F1/481—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields using permanent magnets
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M27/00—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like
- F02M27/04—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by electric means, ionisation, polarisation or magnetism
- F02M27/045—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by electric means, ionisation, polarisation or magnetism by permanent magnets
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
Abstract
Charles H. Sanderson DEVICE FOR THE MAGNETIC TREATMENT
OF WATER AND LIQUID AND GASEOUS FUELS
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A device for the magnetic treatment of fluids including water, and liquid and gaseous fuels such as gasoline, diesel, gasahol, fuel, propane, natural gas, oil and the like. The device comprises an elongated, tubular, intermediate casing of a magnetic material, such as a ferromagnetic material, having an elongated magnet received therein. The magnet has at least two axially spaced poles, and preferably is magne-tizea along its longitudinal axis such that it comprises two adjacent magnetic domains having opposing magnetic moments such that there exist at least three longitudinally spaced apart sections of alternate North and South polarity. An inner casing of non-magnetic material, such as copper, en-cases the magnet and includes open tubular end portions ex-tending beyond opposite ends of the magnet and having inner and outer surfaces extending longitudinally with respect thereto. A pair of non-magnetic end fittings are connected to opposite ends of the intermediate casing and include re-cesses in which are received the respective opposite tubular end portions of the inner casing so as to space the inner casing from the intermediate casing thereby forming an annular treatment chamber therebetween. In a modified form of the device, the recesses are replaced by tapered passages adapted to seat the tubular ends of the inner casing and prevent movement between the inner casing and the end fittings. Aper-tures are provided at each of the tubular end portions so as to form fluid flow paths from within the tubular end portions to the treatment chamber. The tubular end portions may be crimped or otherwise deformed to form inwardly projecting locking projections adapted to prevent axial movement between the magnet and.
the inner casing.
OF WATER AND LIQUID AND GASEOUS FUELS
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A device for the magnetic treatment of fluids including water, and liquid and gaseous fuels such as gasoline, diesel, gasahol, fuel, propane, natural gas, oil and the like. The device comprises an elongated, tubular, intermediate casing of a magnetic material, such as a ferromagnetic material, having an elongated magnet received therein. The magnet has at least two axially spaced poles, and preferably is magne-tizea along its longitudinal axis such that it comprises two adjacent magnetic domains having opposing magnetic moments such that there exist at least three longitudinally spaced apart sections of alternate North and South polarity. An inner casing of non-magnetic material, such as copper, en-cases the magnet and includes open tubular end portions ex-tending beyond opposite ends of the magnet and having inner and outer surfaces extending longitudinally with respect thereto. A pair of non-magnetic end fittings are connected to opposite ends of the intermediate casing and include re-cesses in which are received the respective opposite tubular end portions of the inner casing so as to space the inner casing from the intermediate casing thereby forming an annular treatment chamber therebetween. In a modified form of the device, the recesses are replaced by tapered passages adapted to seat the tubular ends of the inner casing and prevent movement between the inner casing and the end fittings. Aper-tures are provided at each of the tubular end portions so as to form fluid flow paths from within the tubular end portions to the treatment chamber. The tubular end portions may be crimped or otherwise deformed to form inwardly projecting locking projections adapted to prevent axial movement between the magnet and.
the inner casing.
Description
~1481~4 ..
BACKGROUND OF T}IE INVEN~ION
__ The present invention relates to a device for the mag-netia treatment of water to reduce the buildup of scale and also relates to a device for the magnetic treatment of liquid and gaseous fuels, such as gasoline, gasahol, diesel fuel, propane, natural gas, oil and the li~e, in order to improve the efficiency of combustion and reduce the production of air pollutants.
With the energy shortage reaching worldwide proportions, ~. - . . _~
especially with respect to petroleum-based fuels, the need to burn such fuels efficiently h~s never been of greater impor-tance. Since the automobile is perhaps the largest consumer of petroleum today, significant conservation of gasoline and diesel fuel could be realized if the combustion process were more efficient, thereby enabling greater distances to be driven on a given quantity of fuel. Furthermore, air pollution has increased drastically in recent years due to the expanded use of automobiles an~ trucks, and there are very significant pressures being placed on industry by govern~ents to produce vehicle engines which emit very iow levels of pollutants.
Fuel efficiency and pollution reduction are important, not only in connection with vehicles, but also with heating . . .
and electricity generation plants which burn hydrocarbon fuels, such as oil, natural gas, and propane.
Although there has been considerable effort to re~uce ~ air pollutants from engines, furnaces, electricity generating ; installations, and the like, the primary emphasis has been on treatment of the exhaus~ and stack em~ssions rather than :~: ~ ' , ,, , ' ., . . ~
- , :,. . ....
.
- .
1~ 14 .
on devising technique~ to burn the fuel more efficiently theseby inherently reRulting in the emi~sion of fewer waste products.
A beneficial result of more efficient combustlon is that the fuel is burned more completely so that fewer hydrocarbon waste products are emitted in the exhaust qases.
The device according to the present invention is useful in increa~ing the efficiency with which fuel is combusted by - tre'ating the raw fuel with a magnetic field. In the case o~
vehicles, this results.in increased miIeage, and in the case f heating and energy conversion pla~ts, greater thermal output can be realized for a given quantity of fuel.
The device is also useful for the magnetic treatment o~
water to reduce the buildup of scale in pipes, fittings and other devices and apparatus through which water flows. A
problem which is quite prevalent in systems and apparatus which use large quantities of water, such as boilers, dish-washers, ice machines, and the like, is that of scale buildup ; - on the surfaces which come into contact with the water. This problem iB particularly acute in areas where the water has a ~20 high mineral content so that it is necessary for the water to - be "conditioned~ either by chemical action or by magnetic water treatment devices of the general type to which the present invention relates.
One s~ch magnetic treatment device is disclosed in U. S.
Letters Patent Nos. 3,951,807, 4,050,426 and 4,153,559. Basic-ally, such device comprise~ an elongated magnet having a multi-plicity of longitudinally spaced pole~ encased in a non-magnetic jacket and concentrically positioned within a galvanized or black iron casing made of a magnetic material, ~uch as iron.
The jacketed magnet may ~e centered by means of a pair of stepped -~
,, " ' .''' , ~'' '." - '' ' ~
-. Z . - ., a 8~14 .. .
collars securéd thereto which, ln turn, are centered by mean-of a pair of layered in6erts. Alternatively, the jacketed magnet may be centered by means of resilient, tapered sleev~s, which are wedged between the jacket for the magnet and the galvanized casing~ -Magnetic treatment devices generally of this type are well ~nown and prevent corrosion and the buildup of scale by - causing the calcium and other mineralq present in hard water to form, instead, a loase slurry which can be removed easily 1~ from the system by blowdown or flushing. In many applications, such as furnace humidif$ers, for example, it is important for the device to be conta~ned within a fairly small housing, and for this reason, available space ~s at a premium. Further-more, the effectiveness with which the water is treated de-pends on the intensity of the magnetlc field within the treat-ment chamber and the effective length of the chamber itself.
Accordingly, it is desirable that the chamber be free of any obstructions which may occupy otherwise available treatment space, and for the water to be directed into and completely occupy the treatment chamber as quickly and in as short a distance as possible after it enters the device.
A further consideration is that the strength of the magnetic field produced by the magnet be confined solely to the annular treatment chamber so that all of the available flux will be utilized. An important factor in ensuring this situation iq to completely magnetically isolate the magnet from the ~upport-ing structure and to complete the magnetic circuit by means of a ferrous casing which surrounds the magnet, and which is also ` magnetically insulated from the magnet.
In the aforementioned patent 4,153,559, the magnet struc-ture iq disclosed ~s being centrally supported withln the , .
I -, .. . . . .
~81~4 ferrous casing by means of a pair of non-magnetic, elaQtio sleeve~ compressed between and ~n frictional engagement wit~
the magnet structure and the ferrous casing at opposite ends thereof. Additionally the magnet is frictionally retained within its jacket by a pair of plastic end caps which further insulate the magnet and also serve to prevent water from coming into contact with it thereby causlng corrosion. The ends of the inner casing were flared outwardly partially around the ends of the elastic sleeves so as to provide a positive-type ~o lock intended to prevent axial movement between the inner casing and the sleeves.
Although the frictional engagement between the inner casing and plastic end caps and between the inner ca~ing and the elastic sleeves serves to hold the structure in proper position in normal use, a severe jolt to the unit, as by drop-plng it during shipping or installation, may cause the magnet to shift axially thereby partially or completely blocking one set of the apertures. ObviouQly, this would prevent the proper flow of water or fuel through the device. Furthermore, it is possib}e for the inner casing and elastic ~leeves to shift as a unit relative to the ferrous casing, and this may also result in partial or complete blockage of one set of the apertures and/or cause the previously annular treatment chamber to be-come distorted thereby reducing the effectiveness with which the magnetic field treats the water or fuel. Axial Rhiftlng of the magnet and the magnet-casing structure may also be caused by a severe water hammer occurring in the water supply system, when the device is being util~zed as a water condi-tioner.
One embodiment of the present invention constitutes an ~mprovement to the devices disclosed above in that the inner -4- , . ~.
.
8~14 casing in which the magnet ia enc~sed has its opposite, tubula~
ends received within recesses in the end fittings, which are dimensioned to provide a snug engagement and to positively lock the inner casing against axial movement relative to the fittings. Since the inner casing is retaine~ immobile relative to the end fittings, which are threadedly secured to the ferrous casing, these elements are maintained in their proper spatial relationship regardless of trauma to the device. This arrange- -ment also provides for less pressure drop because the liguid ., flows directly into the inner casing with minimal turbulence.
Although receiving the tubular end of the inner casing within recesses in the end fittings positively locks the inner casing against longitudinal movement relative to the end fit-tings and ferrous casing, on some occasions, difficulty has been encountered in assemblins the unit. If the end fitting~
are screwed on the ferrous casing past the point where the ends of the inner casing are contacted by the bottoms of the recesses in the end fittings, the inner casing w$11 be axially deformed. If this occurs, it is possible that the inner casing could buckle outwardly thereby reducing the volume of the annular treatment chamber, and even exposing the magnet to the flow of liquid if the liquid-tight seal between the inner casing and the end caps supporting the magnet is disrupted.
As an alternative form of the present invention, the recess in each of the end fittings is replaced by a tapered paasage, which haa a minimum inner diameter les~ than the outer diameter of the inner casing, and its maximum inner diameter greater than the outer diameter of the inner casing. Thus, as the end caps are screwed onto the ferrous casing, the tapered passages contacts the ends of the inner casing and deform the enda . . i ' 1'''' `' '` ' ' ' .' .
radially inward to a ~light degree. This causes the inner cas~ng to seat uniformly on the end ~i~tings and provides ~
t~ght seal between the inner cacing and the end fittings. Further-more, the inner casing i5 prevented from shifting axially be-cause it i5 tightly compressed by the end fittings. It i8 generally desirable that the tapered passages continue beyond the axial outer ends of the inner c~sing so that any further axial shifting of the inner casing will be opposed as the ends thereof are further compressed by the tapered passage~.
In order to prevent the magnet from shifting ax~ally relative to the inner casing, portions of the tubular end portions of the inner casing are deformed inwardly so ac to form locking projections which would engage the capped magnet and prevent it from moving axially. This, together with the seating arrangement for the inner casing, maintains structural integrity of the unit capable of withstanding severe jolts sustained when dropped during shipping or due to a water hammer when the device is employed as a water conditioner. The structural arrangement according to the invention is also advantageous when the device is used as a fuel treater in vehicles, because the repeated and sometimes severe jolts to the engine as the vehicle traverses rough terrain may otherwise result in movement between the ele-r' ments making up the device.
Specifically, the present invention contemplates a device for the magnetic treatment of fluids, such as water and liquid and gaseous fuels, which comprise~: an elongated, tubular intermediate ca~ing of magnetic materials; an elongated magnet having opposite ends and at least two axially spaced poles; an inner casing of non-magnetic material encasing the magnet and ~30 having open, tubular end portions extending beyond opposite ends , ~ ~ , ~14~
.
of the magnet; and a pair of end flttingQ connected to opposite ends of the intermediate casing and h~ving externally open fluid paQsages therein. Each of the end fittlngs include~ a recess spaced from and opening toward the magnet with res-pectively opposite tubular end portions of the inner casing received therein so as to radially space the inner casing from the intermedlate casing thereby forming an annular treatment chamber therebetween. The recesses are in fluid communication with the fluid passages of the respective end fittings, and apertures are provided in each of the tubular end portions so aY to form fluid flow paths from within the tubular end portions to the treatment chamber. An outer casing made of copper or other suitable material is received on turned down shoulderJ
on the end fittings and i8 spaced outwardly from the intermediate casing. This serves to prevent the intermediate casing from coming into contact with other ferrous materials when the unit ls installed.
In accordance with the embodiment of the invention, wherein the recesses are formed as tapered paqsages which have a min-imum inner diameter less than the outer diameter of the inner casing ends, and a maximum inner diameter greater than the outer diameter of the inner casing ends, aq the end fittings are threadedly secured to the ferrous casing, the inner casinq end~ are pressed inwardly thereby forming a snug fit between 2S the inner casing and end fittings. This prevents movement of the inner casing, both in the axial and radial directions. A
further advantage to this embodiment is that the length of the inner and ferrous casings and the extent to which the end fittinq are threaded onto the ferrous casing are much leQs critlcal.
Thls i5 because the end fittings and inner casing are not in ~ . ' .: . 7 ~
'', . ,' O
~L14811~
,~
axial abutment, but the end fitting~ can continue to slide-over the ~nner caslng as they are threaded onto the ferrous casing with the only effect on the inner casing being that of a slight inward deformation.
The outer diameter of the inner casing, a dimens~on which i9 sometimes difficult to maintain within tolerance~, $s al~o much less critical because the ends of the inner casing are automatically sized as they are deformed inwardly by the tapered passage. This relationship is also advantageous from the standpoint of precisely centering the inner casing within the ferrous casing so as to provide an annular treatment ~'~
chamber which is perfectly concen~ric relative to the magnetic field~
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
~15 Figure 1 i8 a longitudinal sectional view of the magnetic water and fuel treatment device accordlng to one embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 2 is a transverse sectional view taken along line
BACKGROUND OF T}IE INVEN~ION
__ The present invention relates to a device for the mag-netia treatment of water to reduce the buildup of scale and also relates to a device for the magnetic treatment of liquid and gaseous fuels, such as gasoline, gasahol, diesel fuel, propane, natural gas, oil and the li~e, in order to improve the efficiency of combustion and reduce the production of air pollutants.
With the energy shortage reaching worldwide proportions, ~. - . . _~
especially with respect to petroleum-based fuels, the need to burn such fuels efficiently h~s never been of greater impor-tance. Since the automobile is perhaps the largest consumer of petroleum today, significant conservation of gasoline and diesel fuel could be realized if the combustion process were more efficient, thereby enabling greater distances to be driven on a given quantity of fuel. Furthermore, air pollution has increased drastically in recent years due to the expanded use of automobiles an~ trucks, and there are very significant pressures being placed on industry by govern~ents to produce vehicle engines which emit very iow levels of pollutants.
Fuel efficiency and pollution reduction are important, not only in connection with vehicles, but also with heating . . .
and electricity generation plants which burn hydrocarbon fuels, such as oil, natural gas, and propane.
Although there has been considerable effort to re~uce ~ air pollutants from engines, furnaces, electricity generating ; installations, and the like, the primary emphasis has been on treatment of the exhaus~ and stack em~ssions rather than :~: ~ ' , ,, , ' ., . . ~
- , :,. . ....
.
- .
1~ 14 .
on devising technique~ to burn the fuel more efficiently theseby inherently reRulting in the emi~sion of fewer waste products.
A beneficial result of more efficient combustlon is that the fuel is burned more completely so that fewer hydrocarbon waste products are emitted in the exhaust qases.
The device according to the present invention is useful in increa~ing the efficiency with which fuel is combusted by - tre'ating the raw fuel with a magnetic field. In the case o~
vehicles, this results.in increased miIeage, and in the case f heating and energy conversion pla~ts, greater thermal output can be realized for a given quantity of fuel.
The device is also useful for the magnetic treatment o~
water to reduce the buildup of scale in pipes, fittings and other devices and apparatus through which water flows. A
problem which is quite prevalent in systems and apparatus which use large quantities of water, such as boilers, dish-washers, ice machines, and the like, is that of scale buildup ; - on the surfaces which come into contact with the water. This problem iB particularly acute in areas where the water has a ~20 high mineral content so that it is necessary for the water to - be "conditioned~ either by chemical action or by magnetic water treatment devices of the general type to which the present invention relates.
One s~ch magnetic treatment device is disclosed in U. S.
Letters Patent Nos. 3,951,807, 4,050,426 and 4,153,559. Basic-ally, such device comprise~ an elongated magnet having a multi-plicity of longitudinally spaced pole~ encased in a non-magnetic jacket and concentrically positioned within a galvanized or black iron casing made of a magnetic material, ~uch as iron.
The jacketed magnet may ~e centered by means of a pair of stepped -~
,, " ' .''' , ~'' '." - '' ' ~
-. Z . - ., a 8~14 .. .
collars securéd thereto which, ln turn, are centered by mean-of a pair of layered in6erts. Alternatively, the jacketed magnet may be centered by means of resilient, tapered sleev~s, which are wedged between the jacket for the magnet and the galvanized casing~ -Magnetic treatment devices generally of this type are well ~nown and prevent corrosion and the buildup of scale by - causing the calcium and other mineralq present in hard water to form, instead, a loase slurry which can be removed easily 1~ from the system by blowdown or flushing. In many applications, such as furnace humidif$ers, for example, it is important for the device to be conta~ned within a fairly small housing, and for this reason, available space ~s at a premium. Further-more, the effectiveness with which the water is treated de-pends on the intensity of the magnetlc field within the treat-ment chamber and the effective length of the chamber itself.
Accordingly, it is desirable that the chamber be free of any obstructions which may occupy otherwise available treatment space, and for the water to be directed into and completely occupy the treatment chamber as quickly and in as short a distance as possible after it enters the device.
A further consideration is that the strength of the magnetic field produced by the magnet be confined solely to the annular treatment chamber so that all of the available flux will be utilized. An important factor in ensuring this situation iq to completely magnetically isolate the magnet from the ~upport-ing structure and to complete the magnetic circuit by means of a ferrous casing which surrounds the magnet, and which is also ` magnetically insulated from the magnet.
In the aforementioned patent 4,153,559, the magnet struc-ture iq disclosed ~s being centrally supported withln the , .
I -, .. . . . .
~81~4 ferrous casing by means of a pair of non-magnetic, elaQtio sleeve~ compressed between and ~n frictional engagement wit~
the magnet structure and the ferrous casing at opposite ends thereof. Additionally the magnet is frictionally retained within its jacket by a pair of plastic end caps which further insulate the magnet and also serve to prevent water from coming into contact with it thereby causlng corrosion. The ends of the inner casing were flared outwardly partially around the ends of the elastic sleeves so as to provide a positive-type ~o lock intended to prevent axial movement between the inner casing and the sleeves.
Although the frictional engagement between the inner casing and plastic end caps and between the inner ca~ing and the elastic sleeves serves to hold the structure in proper position in normal use, a severe jolt to the unit, as by drop-plng it during shipping or installation, may cause the magnet to shift axially thereby partially or completely blocking one set of the apertures. ObviouQly, this would prevent the proper flow of water or fuel through the device. Furthermore, it is possib}e for the inner casing and elastic ~leeves to shift as a unit relative to the ferrous casing, and this may also result in partial or complete blockage of one set of the apertures and/or cause the previously annular treatment chamber to be-come distorted thereby reducing the effectiveness with which the magnetic field treats the water or fuel. Axial Rhiftlng of the magnet and the magnet-casing structure may also be caused by a severe water hammer occurring in the water supply system, when the device is being util~zed as a water condi-tioner.
One embodiment of the present invention constitutes an ~mprovement to the devices disclosed above in that the inner -4- , . ~.
.
8~14 casing in which the magnet ia enc~sed has its opposite, tubula~
ends received within recesses in the end fittings, which are dimensioned to provide a snug engagement and to positively lock the inner casing against axial movement relative to the fittings. Since the inner casing is retaine~ immobile relative to the end fittings, which are threadedly secured to the ferrous casing, these elements are maintained in their proper spatial relationship regardless of trauma to the device. This arrange- -ment also provides for less pressure drop because the liguid ., flows directly into the inner casing with minimal turbulence.
Although receiving the tubular end of the inner casing within recesses in the end fittings positively locks the inner casing against longitudinal movement relative to the end fit-tings and ferrous casing, on some occasions, difficulty has been encountered in assemblins the unit. If the end fitting~
are screwed on the ferrous casing past the point where the ends of the inner casing are contacted by the bottoms of the recesses in the end fittings, the inner casing w$11 be axially deformed. If this occurs, it is possible that the inner casing could buckle outwardly thereby reducing the volume of the annular treatment chamber, and even exposing the magnet to the flow of liquid if the liquid-tight seal between the inner casing and the end caps supporting the magnet is disrupted.
As an alternative form of the present invention, the recess in each of the end fittings is replaced by a tapered paasage, which haa a minimum inner diameter les~ than the outer diameter of the inner casing, and its maximum inner diameter greater than the outer diameter of the inner casing. Thus, as the end caps are screwed onto the ferrous casing, the tapered passages contacts the ends of the inner casing and deform the enda . . i ' 1'''' `' '` ' ' ' .' .
radially inward to a ~light degree. This causes the inner cas~ng to seat uniformly on the end ~i~tings and provides ~
t~ght seal between the inner cacing and the end fittings. Further-more, the inner casing i5 prevented from shifting axially be-cause it i5 tightly compressed by the end fittings. It i8 generally desirable that the tapered passages continue beyond the axial outer ends of the inner c~sing so that any further axial shifting of the inner casing will be opposed as the ends thereof are further compressed by the tapered passage~.
In order to prevent the magnet from shifting ax~ally relative to the inner casing, portions of the tubular end portions of the inner casing are deformed inwardly so ac to form locking projections which would engage the capped magnet and prevent it from moving axially. This, together with the seating arrangement for the inner casing, maintains structural integrity of the unit capable of withstanding severe jolts sustained when dropped during shipping or due to a water hammer when the device is employed as a water conditioner. The structural arrangement according to the invention is also advantageous when the device is used as a fuel treater in vehicles, because the repeated and sometimes severe jolts to the engine as the vehicle traverses rough terrain may otherwise result in movement between the ele-r' ments making up the device.
Specifically, the present invention contemplates a device for the magnetic treatment of fluids, such as water and liquid and gaseous fuels, which comprise~: an elongated, tubular intermediate ca~ing of magnetic materials; an elongated magnet having opposite ends and at least two axially spaced poles; an inner casing of non-magnetic material encasing the magnet and ~30 having open, tubular end portions extending beyond opposite ends , ~ ~ , ~14~
.
of the magnet; and a pair of end flttingQ connected to opposite ends of the intermediate casing and h~ving externally open fluid paQsages therein. Each of the end fittlngs include~ a recess spaced from and opening toward the magnet with res-pectively opposite tubular end portions of the inner casing received therein so as to radially space the inner casing from the intermedlate casing thereby forming an annular treatment chamber therebetween. The recesses are in fluid communication with the fluid passages of the respective end fittings, and apertures are provided in each of the tubular end portions so aY to form fluid flow paths from within the tubular end portions to the treatment chamber. An outer casing made of copper or other suitable material is received on turned down shoulderJ
on the end fittings and i8 spaced outwardly from the intermediate casing. This serves to prevent the intermediate casing from coming into contact with other ferrous materials when the unit ls installed.
In accordance with the embodiment of the invention, wherein the recesses are formed as tapered paqsages which have a min-imum inner diameter less than the outer diameter of the inner casing ends, and a maximum inner diameter greater than the outer diameter of the inner casing ends, aq the end fittings are threadedly secured to the ferrous casing, the inner casinq end~ are pressed inwardly thereby forming a snug fit between 2S the inner casing and end fittings. This prevents movement of the inner casing, both in the axial and radial directions. A
further advantage to this embodiment is that the length of the inner and ferrous casings and the extent to which the end fittinq are threaded onto the ferrous casing are much leQs critlcal.
Thls i5 because the end fittings and inner casing are not in ~ . ' .: . 7 ~
'', . ,' O
~L14811~
,~
axial abutment, but the end fitting~ can continue to slide-over the ~nner caslng as they are threaded onto the ferrous casing with the only effect on the inner casing being that of a slight inward deformation.
The outer diameter of the inner casing, a dimens~on which i9 sometimes difficult to maintain within tolerance~, $s al~o much less critical because the ends of the inner casing are automatically sized as they are deformed inwardly by the tapered passage. This relationship is also advantageous from the standpoint of precisely centering the inner casing within the ferrous casing so as to provide an annular treatment ~'~
chamber which is perfectly concen~ric relative to the magnetic field~
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
~15 Figure 1 i8 a longitudinal sectional view of the magnetic water and fuel treatment device accordlng to one embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 2 is a transverse sectional view taken along line
2-2 of Figure 1 and viewed in the direction of the arrows;
Figure 3 i~ a transverse sectional view taken along llne
Figure 3 i~ a transverse sectional view taken along llne
3-3 of Figure 1 and viewed in the direction of the arrows;
Figure 4 is a-transverse sectional view taken along line
Figure 4 is a-transverse sectional view taken along line
4-4 of Figure 1 and viewed in the direction of the arrows;
Figure 5 is an enlarged, fragmentary sectlonal view of one of the ends of the inner casing which has been lnwardly deformed to prevent axial movement of the magnet~
Flgure 6 ls a sectional view taken along line 6-6 of Figure 5 and viewed In the direction of the arrows;
Figure 7 is an exploded perspective view of the devlce~
Figure 8 is a ~ide elevational v~ew showing the device `, mounted within the fuel line of a typical automobile internal ~L148114 - :
combustion engino.
Figure 9 ls a s$de elevational vlew, partially in section, of the magnet and inner casing assembly showing crimping of the aperture~;
Figure 10 i5 a perspective view of the crimping tool;
F$gure 11 is a perspective view of the magnet and inner casing assembly which has been crimped as shown in Figure 9;
and Figure 12 is a fragmentary sectlonal view of a modificat$on.
DETAILED DESCRIP~ION
Referring now to the drawings, the magnetic water and fuel treatment device according to the present invention co~-prises an outer casing 10 made of a non-magnetic material, such as copper, and a pair of substantially identical fluid fittings 12 and 14, al~o of a non-magnetic material, such 3S
brass. Fittings 12 and 14 are provided with flanges 16 and 18, respectively, which abut opposite end~ 20 and 22 of outer casing 10. It will be seen that outer casing 10 is supported on annular shoulders 24 and 26 such that the outer surface 28 of casing 10 i8 substantially flush with the outer surfacea 30 and 32 of fittings 12 and 14, respectively.
~exagonal heads 34 and 36 permit fittings 12 and 14 to be tightened by means of a standard wrench, and adapters 38 and 40 are provlded with barbed outer surfaces 42 and 44 to facilitate connection with flexible hoseQ 46 and 48, which may comprise the fuel line of an internal combustion engine, for e~ample. ~oses 46 and 48 are clamped by hoQe clamp~ 35.
Depending on the particular application for the device, and fittings 12 and 14 may be provided with standard pipe threads for connection to pipe, or compression fittings for connection .
9_ , ... _.. , ... _. ~
~48~4 .
to thin walled copper plpe or tubi~g. The last two types of . . _, . .
connections would be used wben the device is serving as a water conditioner or for the treatment of natural gas or oil i~ the case of a furnace or heat conversion plant. In the embodiment illustrated, which is particularly adapted for connection in an engine fuel line, the barbed surfaces 42 and 44 dig into the inner surfaces SO and 52 of tubing 46 and 48 so as to resi~t disconnection while at the same time permitting easy attachment.
Obviously, other types of fittinqs and connections may be utilized depending on the environment and intended use for the device.
For purposes of the present application, the term ~non^
magnetic~ means materials having a very low magnetic permeability and virtually no ferromagnetic characteristics, such as copper, ~ brass, PVC, nylon and Delrin~ for example. "Magnetic~ mater~als are those materials exhibiting high magnetic permeability, such -- - .
as iron and certain steels.
A tubular intermediate casing 54 of a ferromagnetic material having a high magnetic permeability, such as galvanized iron or steel, i5 threadedly connected to fittings 12 and 14 by threads 56 and 58. If desired, threads 56 and 58 may be coated with pipe grease or wrapped with Teflon~Ptape to provide a water-- tight seal between fittings 12 and 14 and casing 54. Casing 54 has an outer diameter less than the inner diameter of outer casing 10 to form an annular space 60 therebetween.
:. -2S Positioned withln intermediate casing 54 is a tubular inner casing 62 of a non-magnetic material, such as copper, . - : .,: . . . . . .
which is open at both ends 64 and 66. Inner casing 62 is re-ceived within recesses 68 and 70 in fittlngs 12 and 14, res-.
pectively, which open toward the center of the device and are in fluid communication wieh passages 72 and 74. Inner casing ~;
--i0--.~ , . .
I . , - . .
~4811~
62, fittings 12 and 14 and intermediate casing 54 are dimensioned such that, when fittings 12 and 14 are screwed tightly onto intermediate casing 54, the axial edges 76 and 78 of inner casing 62 abut the bottoms 80 and 82 of recesses 68 and 70, respectively. Recesses 68 and 70 are preferably dimensioned such that the ends 64 and 66 of inner casing 62 will be snugly received therein when the device is assembled. Tapering walls 84 and 86 on fittings 12 and 14, respectively, assist in guiding the ends 64 and 66 of inner casing 62 into recesses 68 and 70.
The particular arrangement shown in Figure 1 causes the liquid to flow directly from passage 72 into inner casing 62 without first flowing into an enlarged chamber, as in the case of certain prior art water conditioners. When liquid flows into an enlarged chamber, the laminar flow pattern is disrupted and turbulence occurs. This results in a greater pressure drop, which reduces efficiency and may require the use of a larger capacity unit. By causing the liquid to flow directly into inner casing 62, laminar flow is generally maintained and loss of pressure is minimized. Also mixing of the liquid with air is reduced.
Retained within inner casing 62 is an elongated permanent magnet 88, preferably having a composition of cobalt, nickel, aluminum, copper and iron, and is magnetized along its long-itudinal axis to have a plurality of longitudinally spaced-apart poles of alternate North and South polarity represented by the symbols "N" and "S". Magnet 88 is substantially homo-geneous in composition and, in the embodiment illustrated, com-prises two magnetic domains extending transversely throughout the magnet and having their magnet moments oppositely aligned dm ~
, :
..
81~4 such that opposite North and ~outh poles exist along the length of the magnet. A magnet such as this may be produced by imposlng on a bar of magnetic material two longitudinally d$splaced static magnetic fields of opposite polarityO The number of pole~
for a particular magnet depends to a great extent on the size ~f the device and on the intended flow rate capacity, so that in the case of a very small capacity device, a magnet having only two poles may be the most efficient. It is preferable that magnet 88 be made of a material having a high energy product C~ i c ~
10 ~ and high retentivity aDd coercivity, such as an ~k~ee material.
Within these desirable constraints, a wide variety of commercially available magnets and magnetic materials may be utilized.
Magnet 88 is provided with a pair of resilient end capQ
90 and 92, which are received over the opposite ends thereof and compressed between it and the inner surface 94 of inner casing 62 so as to frictionally retain the magnet 88 in place.
When the device is used as a water conditioner, caps 90 and 92 are preferably made of polythylene, and if the device is used as a fuel treater, they are made of brass. In both cases, the caps 90 and 92 are made of a non-magnetic material 50 as to magnetically insulate the magnet 88 from the rest of the device. End caps 90 and 92 also serve to space the magnet 88 from the inner surface 94 of the inner ca~ing 62.
Inner casing 62 is centered within intermediate casing 54 so as to for~ an annular treatment chamber 96 defined by the inner surface 98 of intermediate casing 54 and the outer surface 100 of inner casing 62. In order to permit fluid flow between the interiors of the tubular end portions 64 and 66 of inner caslng 62 and the annular treatment chamber 96, aper-ture~ 102 and 104 are cut in the tubular end portions 64 and 66, .. .
. ~
~81~4 re~pectively. Apertures 102 and 104 are displaced 180- fro~
each other about the longitudinal axis of the device so that the water or fuel which enters the treatment chamber 96 through one of the apertures will be caused to make a 180- revolution about the axi~ within chamber 96 before flow~ng out of the opposite aperture. This allows more of the chamber 96 to be utilized, because otherwise, a portion of the treatment chamber 96 wouid receive little or no fluid flow. Depending on the flow capacity of the device, adaitional apertures ~not shown) may be cut in the tubular end portions 64 and 66, and if only two additional apertures are so provided, they are preferably ~.
aligned diametrally opposite the existing apertures 102 and 104, but apertures 102 and 104 would then be displaced 90- from s each other rather than 180-. In most cases, it is desirable }~ that the cross-sectional areas of the passages 72 and 74, apqrtures 102 and 104, and chamber 96 be selected so as to maintain the pressure drop at a low level for the rated flow capacity of the device.
- Although the frictional forces between the plastic or brass end caps 90, 92 and the inner surface 94 of inner casing 62 are generally adequate to prevent axial shifting of the magnet and end cap assembly during normal use, dropping the device on its end during shipping or installation may result in ~lockage of one of the apertures 102 and 104. This is caused by the magnet and end cap assembly shifting axially over - one of the aperture~ 102 or 104, thereby either completely block~ng or substantially reduclng the rate of flow through the obstructed aperture 102 or 104 so that the throughput of the device i8 substantially lowered. In the case where the device is used as a water conditioner, th~s may result in unacceptabl- -~
, -13-. ~ ' ~ ~i 9 ,_~
83L~4 losses in line pressure, and in the case where the device is used as a fuel treater, stalling of the engine due to inadequate supply of fuel to the carburetor or fuel injectors is a possibility.
In order to positively lock the magnet and end cap structure within the inner casing 62, the tubular end portions 64 and 66 of inner casing 62 are crimped inwardly at points 106 and 108 (Figures 5 and 6) in the area of the edges 110 and 112 of apertures 102 and 104 lFigures S, 6 and 7). Preferably, the crimped portions are located in the areas indicated by numeral 114 which is the inside corner nearest the magnet 88.
The crimped portions 106 and 108 form inwardly project-ing locking protrusions 116 that prevent the end caps 90 and 92 from shifting past the crimped portions 106 and 108 just inside the apertures 102 and 104.
The structure described above is designed to concen-trate the magnetic field produced by magnet 88 in the annular chamber 96 immediately adjacent thereto and at the same time insulate this field from the supporting structure. Due to the high permeability of intermediate casing 54, the flux produced by magnet 88 will extend radially outward therefrom, flowing within intermediate casing 54, and then return to magnet 88 without straying from the treatment chamber 96. By thus con-taining the magnetic field, maximum efficiency in subjecting the water or fuel flowing through the device to the magnetic field is achieved. Containment of the magnetic field is further enhanced through the use of non-magnetic materials for the outer casing 10, fittings 12 and 14, inner casing 62 and plastic or brass end caps 90 and 92.
The device is assembled by first inserting the magnet 88 within inner casing 62 and then pressing the brass end caps dm~ ~ - 14 -~4~14 .
.
90 and.92 over the ends of the magnet 88 so that they are com-pres~efl between the magnet 88 and the lnner ~urface of ~nner ~.
casing 62. If plastic end caps 90 and 92 are utilized, however, they are first placed over the ends of the magnet 88, and then .thi~ as~embly is pressed into the inner ca~ing 62. After the magnet 88 and end caps 90 and 92 are in place, the tubular end portions 64 and 66 are crimped as illustrated in Flgures
Figure 5 is an enlarged, fragmentary sectlonal view of one of the ends of the inner casing which has been lnwardly deformed to prevent axial movement of the magnet~
Flgure 6 ls a sectional view taken along line 6-6 of Figure 5 and viewed In the direction of the arrows;
Figure 7 is an exploded perspective view of the devlce~
Figure 8 is a ~ide elevational v~ew showing the device `, mounted within the fuel line of a typical automobile internal ~L148114 - :
combustion engino.
Figure 9 ls a s$de elevational vlew, partially in section, of the magnet and inner casing assembly showing crimping of the aperture~;
Figure 10 i5 a perspective view of the crimping tool;
F$gure 11 is a perspective view of the magnet and inner casing assembly which has been crimped as shown in Figure 9;
and Figure 12 is a fragmentary sectlonal view of a modificat$on.
DETAILED DESCRIP~ION
Referring now to the drawings, the magnetic water and fuel treatment device according to the present invention co~-prises an outer casing 10 made of a non-magnetic material, such as copper, and a pair of substantially identical fluid fittings 12 and 14, al~o of a non-magnetic material, such 3S
brass. Fittings 12 and 14 are provided with flanges 16 and 18, respectively, which abut opposite end~ 20 and 22 of outer casing 10. It will be seen that outer casing 10 is supported on annular shoulders 24 and 26 such that the outer surface 28 of casing 10 i8 substantially flush with the outer surfacea 30 and 32 of fittings 12 and 14, respectively.
~exagonal heads 34 and 36 permit fittings 12 and 14 to be tightened by means of a standard wrench, and adapters 38 and 40 are provlded with barbed outer surfaces 42 and 44 to facilitate connection with flexible hoseQ 46 and 48, which may comprise the fuel line of an internal combustion engine, for e~ample. ~oses 46 and 48 are clamped by hoQe clamp~ 35.
Depending on the particular application for the device, and fittings 12 and 14 may be provided with standard pipe threads for connection to pipe, or compression fittings for connection .
9_ , ... _.. , ... _. ~
~48~4 .
to thin walled copper plpe or tubi~g. The last two types of . . _, . .
connections would be used wben the device is serving as a water conditioner or for the treatment of natural gas or oil i~ the case of a furnace or heat conversion plant. In the embodiment illustrated, which is particularly adapted for connection in an engine fuel line, the barbed surfaces 42 and 44 dig into the inner surfaces SO and 52 of tubing 46 and 48 so as to resi~t disconnection while at the same time permitting easy attachment.
Obviously, other types of fittinqs and connections may be utilized depending on the environment and intended use for the device.
For purposes of the present application, the term ~non^
magnetic~ means materials having a very low magnetic permeability and virtually no ferromagnetic characteristics, such as copper, ~ brass, PVC, nylon and Delrin~ for example. "Magnetic~ mater~als are those materials exhibiting high magnetic permeability, such -- - .
as iron and certain steels.
A tubular intermediate casing 54 of a ferromagnetic material having a high magnetic permeability, such as galvanized iron or steel, i5 threadedly connected to fittings 12 and 14 by threads 56 and 58. If desired, threads 56 and 58 may be coated with pipe grease or wrapped with Teflon~Ptape to provide a water-- tight seal between fittings 12 and 14 and casing 54. Casing 54 has an outer diameter less than the inner diameter of outer casing 10 to form an annular space 60 therebetween.
:. -2S Positioned withln intermediate casing 54 is a tubular inner casing 62 of a non-magnetic material, such as copper, . - : .,: . . . . . .
which is open at both ends 64 and 66. Inner casing 62 is re-ceived within recesses 68 and 70 in fittlngs 12 and 14, res-.
pectively, which open toward the center of the device and are in fluid communication wieh passages 72 and 74. Inner casing ~;
--i0--.~ , . .
I . , - . .
~4811~
62, fittings 12 and 14 and intermediate casing 54 are dimensioned such that, when fittings 12 and 14 are screwed tightly onto intermediate casing 54, the axial edges 76 and 78 of inner casing 62 abut the bottoms 80 and 82 of recesses 68 and 70, respectively. Recesses 68 and 70 are preferably dimensioned such that the ends 64 and 66 of inner casing 62 will be snugly received therein when the device is assembled. Tapering walls 84 and 86 on fittings 12 and 14, respectively, assist in guiding the ends 64 and 66 of inner casing 62 into recesses 68 and 70.
The particular arrangement shown in Figure 1 causes the liquid to flow directly from passage 72 into inner casing 62 without first flowing into an enlarged chamber, as in the case of certain prior art water conditioners. When liquid flows into an enlarged chamber, the laminar flow pattern is disrupted and turbulence occurs. This results in a greater pressure drop, which reduces efficiency and may require the use of a larger capacity unit. By causing the liquid to flow directly into inner casing 62, laminar flow is generally maintained and loss of pressure is minimized. Also mixing of the liquid with air is reduced.
Retained within inner casing 62 is an elongated permanent magnet 88, preferably having a composition of cobalt, nickel, aluminum, copper and iron, and is magnetized along its long-itudinal axis to have a plurality of longitudinally spaced-apart poles of alternate North and South polarity represented by the symbols "N" and "S". Magnet 88 is substantially homo-geneous in composition and, in the embodiment illustrated, com-prises two magnetic domains extending transversely throughout the magnet and having their magnet moments oppositely aligned dm ~
, :
..
81~4 such that opposite North and ~outh poles exist along the length of the magnet. A magnet such as this may be produced by imposlng on a bar of magnetic material two longitudinally d$splaced static magnetic fields of opposite polarityO The number of pole~
for a particular magnet depends to a great extent on the size ~f the device and on the intended flow rate capacity, so that in the case of a very small capacity device, a magnet having only two poles may be the most efficient. It is preferable that magnet 88 be made of a material having a high energy product C~ i c ~
10 ~ and high retentivity aDd coercivity, such as an ~k~ee material.
Within these desirable constraints, a wide variety of commercially available magnets and magnetic materials may be utilized.
Magnet 88 is provided with a pair of resilient end capQ
90 and 92, which are received over the opposite ends thereof and compressed between it and the inner surface 94 of inner casing 62 so as to frictionally retain the magnet 88 in place.
When the device is used as a water conditioner, caps 90 and 92 are preferably made of polythylene, and if the device is used as a fuel treater, they are made of brass. In both cases, the caps 90 and 92 are made of a non-magnetic material 50 as to magnetically insulate the magnet 88 from the rest of the device. End caps 90 and 92 also serve to space the magnet 88 from the inner surface 94 of the inner ca~ing 62.
Inner casing 62 is centered within intermediate casing 54 so as to for~ an annular treatment chamber 96 defined by the inner surface 98 of intermediate casing 54 and the outer surface 100 of inner casing 62. In order to permit fluid flow between the interiors of the tubular end portions 64 and 66 of inner caslng 62 and the annular treatment chamber 96, aper-ture~ 102 and 104 are cut in the tubular end portions 64 and 66, .. .
. ~
~81~4 re~pectively. Apertures 102 and 104 are displaced 180- fro~
each other about the longitudinal axis of the device so that the water or fuel which enters the treatment chamber 96 through one of the apertures will be caused to make a 180- revolution about the axi~ within chamber 96 before flow~ng out of the opposite aperture. This allows more of the chamber 96 to be utilized, because otherwise, a portion of the treatment chamber 96 wouid receive little or no fluid flow. Depending on the flow capacity of the device, adaitional apertures ~not shown) may be cut in the tubular end portions 64 and 66, and if only two additional apertures are so provided, they are preferably ~.
aligned diametrally opposite the existing apertures 102 and 104, but apertures 102 and 104 would then be displaced 90- from s each other rather than 180-. In most cases, it is desirable }~ that the cross-sectional areas of the passages 72 and 74, apqrtures 102 and 104, and chamber 96 be selected so as to maintain the pressure drop at a low level for the rated flow capacity of the device.
- Although the frictional forces between the plastic or brass end caps 90, 92 and the inner surface 94 of inner casing 62 are generally adequate to prevent axial shifting of the magnet and end cap assembly during normal use, dropping the device on its end during shipping or installation may result in ~lockage of one of the apertures 102 and 104. This is caused by the magnet and end cap assembly shifting axially over - one of the aperture~ 102 or 104, thereby either completely block~ng or substantially reduclng the rate of flow through the obstructed aperture 102 or 104 so that the throughput of the device i8 substantially lowered. In the case where the device is used as a water conditioner, th~s may result in unacceptabl- -~
, -13-. ~ ' ~ ~i 9 ,_~
83L~4 losses in line pressure, and in the case where the device is used as a fuel treater, stalling of the engine due to inadequate supply of fuel to the carburetor or fuel injectors is a possibility.
In order to positively lock the magnet and end cap structure within the inner casing 62, the tubular end portions 64 and 66 of inner casing 62 are crimped inwardly at points 106 and 108 (Figures 5 and 6) in the area of the edges 110 and 112 of apertures 102 and 104 lFigures S, 6 and 7). Preferably, the crimped portions are located in the areas indicated by numeral 114 which is the inside corner nearest the magnet 88.
The crimped portions 106 and 108 form inwardly project-ing locking protrusions 116 that prevent the end caps 90 and 92 from shifting past the crimped portions 106 and 108 just inside the apertures 102 and 104.
The structure described above is designed to concen-trate the magnetic field produced by magnet 88 in the annular chamber 96 immediately adjacent thereto and at the same time insulate this field from the supporting structure. Due to the high permeability of intermediate casing 54, the flux produced by magnet 88 will extend radially outward therefrom, flowing within intermediate casing 54, and then return to magnet 88 without straying from the treatment chamber 96. By thus con-taining the magnetic field, maximum efficiency in subjecting the water or fuel flowing through the device to the magnetic field is achieved. Containment of the magnetic field is further enhanced through the use of non-magnetic materials for the outer casing 10, fittings 12 and 14, inner casing 62 and plastic or brass end caps 90 and 92.
The device is assembled by first inserting the magnet 88 within inner casing 62 and then pressing the brass end caps dm~ ~ - 14 -~4~14 .
.
90 and.92 over the ends of the magnet 88 so that they are com-pres~efl between the magnet 88 and the lnner ~urface of ~nner ~.
casing 62. If plastic end caps 90 and 92 are utilized, however, they are first placed over the ends of the magnet 88, and then .thi~ as~embly is pressed into the inner ca~ing 62. After the magnet 88 and end caps 90 and 92 are in place, the tubular end portions 64 and 66 are crimped as illustrated in Flgures
5 and 6.
Inner casing 62 is then inserted within the recess 70 of fitting 14, and intermediate casing 54 is loosely screwed - -into fitting 14. The outer casing 10 is then slipped over intermediate casing 54 and guided onto annular shoulder 26.
The other fitting 12 is screwed onto the other end of lnter-mediate casing 54 and, as mentioned earlier, the tapered surface 84 of fitting 12 assists in guiding the end 64 of inner casing 62 into recess 68. Fittings 12 and 14 are then:
tightly screwed onto intermediate casing 54 untiL the ends --76 and 78 bottom out against the axial surfaces 80 and 82 of recesses 68 and 70. Outer casing 10 is preferably dimensioned so that it will fit snugly between shoulders 24 and 26 of fit-tin~6 12 and 14 when fittings 12 and 14.are tight. The threaded portions 56 and 58 of intermediate casing 54 are preferably~
- tapered slightly so that as fittings 12 and 14-are screwed - thereon, a fluid-tight seal is achieved. --~
Figure 8 illuYtrates the manner in which the above-described devicé may be mounted withln the gasoline-fuel engine 118 of an automobile. The fuel treatment device, which is lndicated-generally by the numeral 120, is preferably connected in thé
fuel line, which has been severed so as to form portions 46 and 48, as close to the inlet of the carburetor 124 às possible. `
. _ . _ 3 -I5- - : .. .
. .
. .
8~4 Thu~, a~ the fuel i~ pumped from t~e gaqoline reservoir (not shown) by fuel pump 126, it will flow through fuel line 46, pa~sage 72, tubular end portion 64, aperture 102, annular treatment chamber 96, aperture 104, tubular end portion 66, j passage 74, and fuel line portion 48 into carburetor 124. As the fuel flows through the annular chamber 96, it is subjected to the high density, substantially radial magnetic field pro-duced by magnet ~8. Although the effect of the magnetic field on the fuel is not fully understood, it is believed that th~s L0 treatment causes the vaporized fuel to disperse more rapidly once it enters the expanded area of the combustion chamber thereby causing moré complete combustion resulting in greater fuel efficiency and performance and a reduction of exhaust emissions.
L5 Although not illustrated, the device 120 may also be used in conjunction with a diesel engine by connecting it in the fuel line prior to the fuel filter and the fuel injectors.
Furthermore, the device may be used for treating propane, both in vehicles and other installations, as well a~ natural ga~
and oil, such as in furnace installations and electricity gen-erating plants. In each case, it is important that the fuel .
be treated prior to its reaching the air/fuel mixing apparatus, such as the carburetor, fuel injector, nozzle, burner, etc.
As indicated earlier, the device is useful for conditioning or treating water, in which case it is series connected directly in the water supply line, prior to the boiler, humidifier, ice maker, or other apparatus wherein scale i~ a problem.
The water and fuel treatment device has been shown and described as having an overall shape which is generally symmet-~0 rical about a straight axis, but other configuration~ are not `' ' ', ' ' . ' ' ~ , . ..
~ . . .
~8114 excluded. Although a North-South-South-North arrangement for the poles of magnet 88 have been illustrated in connection with the preferred embodiment, other arrangements, such as South-North-North-South will also be effective. Furthermore, the number of poles can be increased or decreased depending on the space and flow capacity requirements of the device.
Figures 9-11 illustrate an alternative technique for locking the magnet and end cap assembly against axial move-ment within inner casing 62. Similarly to U.S~ Patent No.
4,299,700, issued November 10, 1981 to Charles H. Sanderson, apertures 102 and 104 may be crimped by means of a tool 130, which is inserted in the apertures as shown in Figure 9 and pivoted downwardly so as to bend edge 132 of aperture 102 upwardly and bend edge 134 downwardly at angles of 45 relative to the longitudinal axis. Edges 136 and 138 of aperture 104 are similarly deformed.
Inwardly deformed edges 134 and 138 form locking pro-trusions on the inner surface 94 of inner casing 62 so as to prevent magnet 88 and end caps 90 and 92 from shifting axially.
An additional advantage to this configuration is that apertures 102 and 104 are shaped such that they form deflector surfaces which tend to scoop the incoming water or fuel into annular chamber 96, and then scoop the fuel or water out of chamber 96 toward outlet end 66. This provides an easier flow path for the liquid and, therefore, produces less pressure drop than in the case where the liquid must make a right angle turn before it begins to flow in chamber 96 and then another right angle turn as it leaves chamber 96.
Figure 10 illustrates the crimping device 130 which is 30 used to deform apertures 102 and 104. It comprises a handle r~ dm~ ~ - 17 -.
' ~481~4 141 adapted to be gripped by the person crLmping apertures 102 and 104, and a tool portion 143 having an upper surface 147, which has the same curvature as the inner edge of apertures 102 and 104 when tool 130 is inserted into apertures 102 and 104. If desired the lower surface of portion 143 may taper gradually ~nto a concave surface toward handle 141, as shown in Figure 10.
As discussed earlier, one of the problems with the embodi-ment illustrated in Figure 1 is that tightening of the end Io fittings 12 and 14 onto intermediate casing 54 i8 critical because it is desirable that the surfaces 80 and 82 of recesse~
6B and 70 just bottom out against the ends 76 and 78 of inner casing 62. If end fitting~ 12 and 14 are tightened too far on intermediate casing 54, as may be the case if outer casing 10 ifi too short, inner casing 62 may be buckled at the aperture~
thereby allowing the inner casing 62 to come in direct contact with the intermediate casiDg 54. This would cause a partial obstruction in the annular treatment chamber 96, and would result in a reduction in efficiency of the device. Additionally, inner casing 62 may pull away from end caps 90 and 92 thereby ex-- posing the magnet 88 to the liquid. A further difficulty wlth the embodiment of Figure 1, iB the necessity to have the outer diameter of inner casing 62 be within very close tolerancea .. ..
so that it w~ll not rattle within end fittings 12 and 14.
Figure 12 illustrates one end of a fuel treater or water conditioner according to the present invention wherein the ferrous casing and magnet structure have been removed for the sake of clarity. The opposite end structure i8 ident~cal.
Inner casing 142, within which the magnet (not shown) i~ supported by end cap~ ~not shown) sim~larly to the embodl- i - , ' . ' ' ' -18~
.
. . .
8~4 ment of Figurè'l, ls~directly supported by the end fittings 140 so that it is concentrically disposed within the oute~ -caslng ~not shown). It should be noted that the outer casing, intermediate casing and magnet ~tructure associated with the embodiment of Figure 12 are identical to that of Figure 1. End fittings 140 includes a tapered passage 156 which has a gen-erally uniformly decreasing diameter in ~he axial direction away from the magnet. Thus, as end fitting~ 140 are threaded onto the ferrous casing by means of threads 152 within portion 150, the ends 158 of inner casing 142 will be deformed radially inwardly as illustrated in Figure 12. This provides a very snug fit between the outer surface 157 of inner casing 142 and tapered passages 156 so that movement in the radial direction as well as the axial airection is prevented. It will be seen that any axial movement of'inner casing 142 relative to end fittings 140 will be resisted because of the compression between inner.
casing 142 and the tapered passages 156.
Assume, for example, that the-outer casing which is 5Up- _ ported on annular steps 153 is cut slightly shorter than it~
optimum length. This will re~ult in end fitting's 140 being ; screwed'on the intermediate casing to a greater extent than neces~ary before the ends-of-the outer casing botto~ against-=' end fittings.l40. This presents no problem relative to inner casing 142, however, because it continues to be deformed in-wardly so that a tight fit between it and tapered pas ages =-156 will exist at all t~es. No buckling of inner casing 142 occurs because relative:sliding moYement between passages 1~6 ~ and? the outer surface 157: of inner caslng 142 occur~. _In fact, end f:ittinqs 140 could even-.~e-tightened down to the extent 30 ' that~ ~nn'e~ca's'ing-:142-would protrude'beyond~tapered passage~ ' ', ~ ' ' '' ,' ' , ' , 156 into the area defined by tapered surface 154, although.
thi~ i8 generally not de~irableO
In order to permit inner casing 142 to be easily ~ns~rted within tapered passages 156, the larger diameter ends thereof are preferably larger than the outer d~ameter of inner casing 142. It i8 necessary that the minimum inner diameter at the axially outer ends of tapered passages 156 be smaller than the outer diameter of the ends 158 of inner casing 142 so that the desired tight fit.is achieved. End fitting 140 is provided I0 with a hexagonal portion 148 to perm~t the end fitting 140 to be screwed onto the intermediate casing. Portion 144 i9 provided with internal threads 146 for attachment to a standard threaded pipe. Alternatively, the embodiment of Figure 12 could be configured for attachment to fuel line hose, a com-pres~ion fitting, or any other liquid conveying means depending on its intended u~e.
The embodiment of Figure 12 is assembled by first inserting the magnet B8 within inner casing 142 and then pressing the brass end caps 90 and 92 over the ends of the magnet 88 so that :20 they are compressed between the magnet 88 and the inner surface of inner casing 142. If plastic end caps are utilized, however, they are first placed over the ends of magnet 88, and then this assembly is pressed into inner casing 142. After the magnet - 88 and end caps.90 and 92 are in place, the tubular end portions are crimped as illustrated in Figure 5 in the case of the previous embodiment.
Inner caRing 142 is then inserted within the tapered passage 156 of one of the end fittings 140, and the intermediate casing i9 loosely ~crewed into threads 152. The outer casing lO is then slipped over the intermediate casing and guided . . ;
. -20-~
~8~4 onto annular shoulder.15~. The'other fitting 140 i8 screwed onto the other end of intermediate casing 54, and is guided onto inner casing 142 by virtue of the fact that the maxl~um outer diameter of tapered passage 156 $~ 61~ghtly larger than ; the outer diameter of inner casing 142. Fittings 140 are then tightly screwed onto the lntermediate casing 54, and as tapered passages 156 are pressed over the ends 158 of inner casing 142, the ends 158 are deformed inwardly as illustrated in Figure 12.
End fittings 140 are sarewed onto intermediate casing 54 until LO the flange portions 150 thereof abut,the ends of outer casing 10 .
While this invention has been described as having a prefer-red design, it will be understood that it is capable of further ' modification. This application is, therefore, intended to L5 ccver any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following the general principles thereof and including such - departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice in the art to which this invention per-tains and fall within the limits of the appended claims.
..
Inner casing 62 is then inserted within the recess 70 of fitting 14, and intermediate casing 54 is loosely screwed - -into fitting 14. The outer casing 10 is then slipped over intermediate casing 54 and guided onto annular shoulder 26.
The other fitting 12 is screwed onto the other end of lnter-mediate casing 54 and, as mentioned earlier, the tapered surface 84 of fitting 12 assists in guiding the end 64 of inner casing 62 into recess 68. Fittings 12 and 14 are then:
tightly screwed onto intermediate casing 54 untiL the ends --76 and 78 bottom out against the axial surfaces 80 and 82 of recesses 68 and 70. Outer casing 10 is preferably dimensioned so that it will fit snugly between shoulders 24 and 26 of fit-tin~6 12 and 14 when fittings 12 and 14.are tight. The threaded portions 56 and 58 of intermediate casing 54 are preferably~
- tapered slightly so that as fittings 12 and 14-are screwed - thereon, a fluid-tight seal is achieved. --~
Figure 8 illuYtrates the manner in which the above-described devicé may be mounted withln the gasoline-fuel engine 118 of an automobile. The fuel treatment device, which is lndicated-generally by the numeral 120, is preferably connected in thé
fuel line, which has been severed so as to form portions 46 and 48, as close to the inlet of the carburetor 124 às possible. `
. _ . _ 3 -I5- - : .. .
. .
. .
8~4 Thu~, a~ the fuel i~ pumped from t~e gaqoline reservoir (not shown) by fuel pump 126, it will flow through fuel line 46, pa~sage 72, tubular end portion 64, aperture 102, annular treatment chamber 96, aperture 104, tubular end portion 66, j passage 74, and fuel line portion 48 into carburetor 124. As the fuel flows through the annular chamber 96, it is subjected to the high density, substantially radial magnetic field pro-duced by magnet ~8. Although the effect of the magnetic field on the fuel is not fully understood, it is believed that th~s L0 treatment causes the vaporized fuel to disperse more rapidly once it enters the expanded area of the combustion chamber thereby causing moré complete combustion resulting in greater fuel efficiency and performance and a reduction of exhaust emissions.
L5 Although not illustrated, the device 120 may also be used in conjunction with a diesel engine by connecting it in the fuel line prior to the fuel filter and the fuel injectors.
Furthermore, the device may be used for treating propane, both in vehicles and other installations, as well a~ natural ga~
and oil, such as in furnace installations and electricity gen-erating plants. In each case, it is important that the fuel .
be treated prior to its reaching the air/fuel mixing apparatus, such as the carburetor, fuel injector, nozzle, burner, etc.
As indicated earlier, the device is useful for conditioning or treating water, in which case it is series connected directly in the water supply line, prior to the boiler, humidifier, ice maker, or other apparatus wherein scale i~ a problem.
The water and fuel treatment device has been shown and described as having an overall shape which is generally symmet-~0 rical about a straight axis, but other configuration~ are not `' ' ', ' ' . ' ' ~ , . ..
~ . . .
~8114 excluded. Although a North-South-South-North arrangement for the poles of magnet 88 have been illustrated in connection with the preferred embodiment, other arrangements, such as South-North-North-South will also be effective. Furthermore, the number of poles can be increased or decreased depending on the space and flow capacity requirements of the device.
Figures 9-11 illustrate an alternative technique for locking the magnet and end cap assembly against axial move-ment within inner casing 62. Similarly to U.S~ Patent No.
4,299,700, issued November 10, 1981 to Charles H. Sanderson, apertures 102 and 104 may be crimped by means of a tool 130, which is inserted in the apertures as shown in Figure 9 and pivoted downwardly so as to bend edge 132 of aperture 102 upwardly and bend edge 134 downwardly at angles of 45 relative to the longitudinal axis. Edges 136 and 138 of aperture 104 are similarly deformed.
Inwardly deformed edges 134 and 138 form locking pro-trusions on the inner surface 94 of inner casing 62 so as to prevent magnet 88 and end caps 90 and 92 from shifting axially.
An additional advantage to this configuration is that apertures 102 and 104 are shaped such that they form deflector surfaces which tend to scoop the incoming water or fuel into annular chamber 96, and then scoop the fuel or water out of chamber 96 toward outlet end 66. This provides an easier flow path for the liquid and, therefore, produces less pressure drop than in the case where the liquid must make a right angle turn before it begins to flow in chamber 96 and then another right angle turn as it leaves chamber 96.
Figure 10 illustrates the crimping device 130 which is 30 used to deform apertures 102 and 104. It comprises a handle r~ dm~ ~ - 17 -.
' ~481~4 141 adapted to be gripped by the person crLmping apertures 102 and 104, and a tool portion 143 having an upper surface 147, which has the same curvature as the inner edge of apertures 102 and 104 when tool 130 is inserted into apertures 102 and 104. If desired the lower surface of portion 143 may taper gradually ~nto a concave surface toward handle 141, as shown in Figure 10.
As discussed earlier, one of the problems with the embodi-ment illustrated in Figure 1 is that tightening of the end Io fittings 12 and 14 onto intermediate casing 54 i8 critical because it is desirable that the surfaces 80 and 82 of recesse~
6B and 70 just bottom out against the ends 76 and 78 of inner casing 62. If end fitting~ 12 and 14 are tightened too far on intermediate casing 54, as may be the case if outer casing 10 ifi too short, inner casing 62 may be buckled at the aperture~
thereby allowing the inner casing 62 to come in direct contact with the intermediate casiDg 54. This would cause a partial obstruction in the annular treatment chamber 96, and would result in a reduction in efficiency of the device. Additionally, inner casing 62 may pull away from end caps 90 and 92 thereby ex-- posing the magnet 88 to the liquid. A further difficulty wlth the embodiment of Figure 1, iB the necessity to have the outer diameter of inner casing 62 be within very close tolerancea .. ..
so that it w~ll not rattle within end fittings 12 and 14.
Figure 12 illustrates one end of a fuel treater or water conditioner according to the present invention wherein the ferrous casing and magnet structure have been removed for the sake of clarity. The opposite end structure i8 ident~cal.
Inner casing 142, within which the magnet (not shown) i~ supported by end cap~ ~not shown) sim~larly to the embodl- i - , ' . ' ' ' -18~
.
. . .
8~4 ment of Figurè'l, ls~directly supported by the end fittings 140 so that it is concentrically disposed within the oute~ -caslng ~not shown). It should be noted that the outer casing, intermediate casing and magnet ~tructure associated with the embodiment of Figure 12 are identical to that of Figure 1. End fittings 140 includes a tapered passage 156 which has a gen-erally uniformly decreasing diameter in ~he axial direction away from the magnet. Thus, as end fitting~ 140 are threaded onto the ferrous casing by means of threads 152 within portion 150, the ends 158 of inner casing 142 will be deformed radially inwardly as illustrated in Figure 12. This provides a very snug fit between the outer surface 157 of inner casing 142 and tapered passages 156 so that movement in the radial direction as well as the axial airection is prevented. It will be seen that any axial movement of'inner casing 142 relative to end fittings 140 will be resisted because of the compression between inner.
casing 142 and the tapered passages 156.
Assume, for example, that the-outer casing which is 5Up- _ ported on annular steps 153 is cut slightly shorter than it~
optimum length. This will re~ult in end fitting's 140 being ; screwed'on the intermediate casing to a greater extent than neces~ary before the ends-of-the outer casing botto~ against-=' end fittings.l40. This presents no problem relative to inner casing 142, however, because it continues to be deformed in-wardly so that a tight fit between it and tapered pas ages =-156 will exist at all t~es. No buckling of inner casing 142 occurs because relative:sliding moYement between passages 1~6 ~ and? the outer surface 157: of inner caslng 142 occur~. _In fact, end f:ittinqs 140 could even-.~e-tightened down to the extent 30 ' that~ ~nn'e~ca's'ing-:142-would protrude'beyond~tapered passage~ ' ', ~ ' ' '' ,' ' , ' , 156 into the area defined by tapered surface 154, although.
thi~ i8 generally not de~irableO
In order to permit inner casing 142 to be easily ~ns~rted within tapered passages 156, the larger diameter ends thereof are preferably larger than the outer d~ameter of inner casing 142. It i8 necessary that the minimum inner diameter at the axially outer ends of tapered passages 156 be smaller than the outer diameter of the ends 158 of inner casing 142 so that the desired tight fit.is achieved. End fitting 140 is provided I0 with a hexagonal portion 148 to perm~t the end fitting 140 to be screwed onto the intermediate casing. Portion 144 i9 provided with internal threads 146 for attachment to a standard threaded pipe. Alternatively, the embodiment of Figure 12 could be configured for attachment to fuel line hose, a com-pres~ion fitting, or any other liquid conveying means depending on its intended u~e.
The embodiment of Figure 12 is assembled by first inserting the magnet B8 within inner casing 142 and then pressing the brass end caps 90 and 92 over the ends of the magnet 88 so that :20 they are compressed between the magnet 88 and the inner surface of inner casing 142. If plastic end caps are utilized, however, they are first placed over the ends of magnet 88, and then this assembly is pressed into inner casing 142. After the magnet - 88 and end caps.90 and 92 are in place, the tubular end portions are crimped as illustrated in Figure 5 in the case of the previous embodiment.
Inner caRing 142 is then inserted within the tapered passage 156 of one of the end fittings 140, and the intermediate casing i9 loosely ~crewed into threads 152. The outer casing lO is then slipped over the intermediate casing and guided . . ;
. -20-~
~8~4 onto annular shoulder.15~. The'other fitting 140 i8 screwed onto the other end of intermediate casing 54, and is guided onto inner casing 142 by virtue of the fact that the maxl~um outer diameter of tapered passage 156 $~ 61~ghtly larger than ; the outer diameter of inner casing 142. Fittings 140 are then tightly screwed onto the lntermediate casing 54, and as tapered passages 156 are pressed over the ends 158 of inner casing 142, the ends 158 are deformed inwardly as illustrated in Figure 12.
End fittings 140 are sarewed onto intermediate casing 54 until LO the flange portions 150 thereof abut,the ends of outer casing 10 .
While this invention has been described as having a prefer-red design, it will be understood that it is capable of further ' modification. This application is, therefore, intended to L5 ccver any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following the general principles thereof and including such - departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice in the art to which this invention per-tains and fall within the limits of the appended claims.
..
Claims (11)
1. A device for the magnetic treatment of fluids such as water and liquid and gaseous fuels comprising:
an elongated, tubular intermediate casing of magnetic material, an elongated magnet having opposite ends and at least two axially spaced poles, an inner casing of non magnetic material encasing said magnet, said inner casing including open tubular end portions extending beyond opposite ends of said magnet and having inner and outer surfaces extending longitudinally with respect thereto, said inner casing and magnet being positioned longi-tudinally within said intermediate casing, a pair of end fittings connected to opposite ends of said intermediate casing, said fittings including externally open fluid passages therein, each of said end fittings including recess means spaced from an opening toward said magnet, said recess means having the respective opposite tubular end portions of said inner casing received therein so as to space said inner casing from said intermediate casing to form a generally annular treatment chamber therebetween, said recess being in fluid communication with the fluid passage of the respective end fittings, and apertures in each of said tubular end portions pro-viding fluid flow paths from within the tubular end portions to said treatment chamber.
an elongated, tubular intermediate casing of magnetic material, an elongated magnet having opposite ends and at least two axially spaced poles, an inner casing of non magnetic material encasing said magnet, said inner casing including open tubular end portions extending beyond opposite ends of said magnet and having inner and outer surfaces extending longitudinally with respect thereto, said inner casing and magnet being positioned longi-tudinally within said intermediate casing, a pair of end fittings connected to opposite ends of said intermediate casing, said fittings including externally open fluid passages therein, each of said end fittings including recess means spaced from an opening toward said magnet, said recess means having the respective opposite tubular end portions of said inner casing received therein so as to space said inner casing from said intermediate casing to form a generally annular treatment chamber therebetween, said recess being in fluid communication with the fluid passage of the respective end fittings, and apertures in each of said tubular end portions pro-viding fluid flow paths from within the tubular end portions to said treatment chamber.
2. The device of Claim 1 including inwardly projecting locking means on the inner surfaces of said tubular end portions positioned between said magnet and respective said apertures for limiting relative axial movement between said magnet an.
said inner casing.
said inner casing.
3. The device of Claim 2 wherein said locking means com-prises an inwardly deformed portion of each of said tubular end portions.
4. The device of Claim 2 wherein said locking means com-prises an inwardly deformed portion of the perimeter of each of said apertures, the deformed portion of the perimeter in-cluding a portion of the perimeter closest to said magnet.
5. The device of Claim 1 wherein the ends of said inter-mediate casing are received within and threadedly secured to respective said end fittings so as to form fluid-tight con-nections therebetween.
6. The device of Claim 1 wherein said recess means are dimensioned so as to snugly engage the respective tubular end portions of said inner casing.
7. The device of Claim 1 wherein said magnet is mag-netized along its longitudinal axis and comprises at least two adjacent magnetic domains positioned along its longitudinal axis which have opposing magnetic moments such that there exist at least three longitudinally spaced apart sections of alternate North and South polarity.
8. The device of Claim 1 including:
inwardly projecting locking means on the inner surfaces of said tubular end portions positioned between said magnet and respective said apertures for limiting rel-ative axial movement between said magnet and said inner casing, each of said apertures has a first end and a second end spaced axially outward from said first end, said inwardly projecting locking means comprises an inwardly deformed portion of the perimeter of said aperture first ends forming inwardly projecting locking ears, said outwardly projecting locking means comprises an outwardly deformed portion of the perimeter of said aper-ture second ends forming outwardly projecting locking ears.
inwardly projecting locking means on the inner surfaces of said tubular end portions positioned between said magnet and respective said apertures for limiting rel-ative axial movement between said magnet and said inner casing, each of said apertures has a first end and a second end spaced axially outward from said first end, said inwardly projecting locking means comprises an inwardly deformed portion of the perimeter of said aperture first ends forming inwardly projecting locking ears, said outwardly projecting locking means comprises an outwardly deformed portion of the perimeter of said aper-ture second ends forming outwardly projecting locking ears.
9. A device for the magnetic treatment of fluids such as water and liquid and gaseous fuels comprising:
an elongated, tubular intermediate casing of magnetic material, an elongated magnet having opposite ends and at least two axially spaced poles, an inner casing of non-magnetic material encasing said magnet, said inner casing including open tubular end portions extending beyond opposite ends of said magnet and having inner and outer surfaces extending longitudinally with respect thereto, said inner casing and magnet being positioned longi-tudinally within said intermediate casing, a pair of end fittings connected to opposite ends of said intermediate casing, said fittings including externally open fluid passages therein, each of said end fittings including a tapered passage in fluid communication with the fluid passage of the respective end fitting, said tapered passages having the respective opposite ends of said inner casing being tightly received therein so as to space said inner casing from said intermediate casing to form a generally annular treatment chamber therebetween, each of said passages being tapered radially inwardly in the axial direction away from said magnet and having a maximum inner diameter greater than the outer diameter of the ends of said inner casing and a minimum inner diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the ends of said inner casing, and apertures in each of said tubular end portions pro-viding fluid flow paths from within the tubular end portions to said treatment chamber.
an elongated, tubular intermediate casing of magnetic material, an elongated magnet having opposite ends and at least two axially spaced poles, an inner casing of non-magnetic material encasing said magnet, said inner casing including open tubular end portions extending beyond opposite ends of said magnet and having inner and outer surfaces extending longitudinally with respect thereto, said inner casing and magnet being positioned longi-tudinally within said intermediate casing, a pair of end fittings connected to opposite ends of said intermediate casing, said fittings including externally open fluid passages therein, each of said end fittings including a tapered passage in fluid communication with the fluid passage of the respective end fitting, said tapered passages having the respective opposite ends of said inner casing being tightly received therein so as to space said inner casing from said intermediate casing to form a generally annular treatment chamber therebetween, each of said passages being tapered radially inwardly in the axial direction away from said magnet and having a maximum inner diameter greater than the outer diameter of the ends of said inner casing and a minimum inner diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the ends of said inner casing, and apertures in each of said tubular end portions pro-viding fluid flow paths from within the tubular end portions to said treatment chamber.
10. The device of Claim 9 wherein the ends of said inner casing are deformed inwardly by said tapered passages.
11. The device of Claim 10 wherein said end fittings are threadedly secured to said intermediate casing.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US9829479A | 1979-11-28 | 1979-11-28 | |
| US098,294 | 1979-11-28 | ||
| US167,921 | 1980-07-14 | ||
| US06/167,921 US4357237A (en) | 1979-11-28 | 1980-07-14 | Device for the magnetic treatment of water and liquid and gaseous fuels |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1148114A true CA1148114A (en) | 1983-06-14 |
Family
ID=26794610
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000365732A Expired CA1148114A (en) | 1979-11-28 | 1980-11-28 | Device for the magnetic treatment of water and liquid and gaseous fuels |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AR (1) | AR228044A1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8007859A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1148114A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5804067A (en) * | 1996-04-02 | 1998-09-08 | Hydroworld International (Canada), Ltd. | Apparatus for magnetic treatment of liquids |
-
1980
- 1980-11-27 AR AR28339480A patent/AR228044A1/en active
- 1980-11-28 BR BR8007859A patent/BR8007859A/en unknown
- 1980-11-28 CA CA000365732A patent/CA1148114A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5804067A (en) * | 1996-04-02 | 1998-09-08 | Hydroworld International (Canada), Ltd. | Apparatus for magnetic treatment of liquids |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AR228044A1 (en) | 1983-01-14 |
| BR8007859A (en) | 1981-06-30 |
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