CA1143993A - Composite ice confections and processes for preparing them - Google Patents
Composite ice confections and processes for preparing themInfo
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- CA1143993A CA1143993A CA000358432A CA358432A CA1143993A CA 1143993 A CA1143993 A CA 1143993A CA 000358432 A CA000358432 A CA 000358432A CA 358432 A CA358432 A CA 358432A CA 1143993 A CA1143993 A CA 1143993A
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- oil
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Abstract
Q.1019 ABSTRACT
A composite frozen confection comprising ice confection in contact with a layer of fat-based confectionery composition comprising a suspension of flavouring and sweetening solids in a fat base, for example arranged to separate the ice confection from a dry edible confection such as wafer characterised in that the fat base essentially includes a fat composition having:
(a) solids content index (SCI) values (%) (as defined below) in each of the following ranges:
70-93 at -20°C, preferably 75-90;
65-93 at -10°C, preferably 75-85;
55-90 at 0°C, preferably 65-75;
15-40 at 20°C;
0-12 at 30°C;
0 at 40°C.
(b) slip melting point in the range 25°-45°C; e.g.
25°-36°C;
(c) viscosity (when measured at 40°C) corresponding to ?100 at least 35 centipoiose, e.g. at least 40 centipoise;
and ?CA at least 30 centipoise, e.g. at least 33 centipoise;
and (d) a coating pliability parameter of at least 3.
A composite frozen confection comprising ice confection in contact with a layer of fat-based confectionery composition comprising a suspension of flavouring and sweetening solids in a fat base, for example arranged to separate the ice confection from a dry edible confection such as wafer characterised in that the fat base essentially includes a fat composition having:
(a) solids content index (SCI) values (%) (as defined below) in each of the following ranges:
70-93 at -20°C, preferably 75-90;
65-93 at -10°C, preferably 75-85;
55-90 at 0°C, preferably 65-75;
15-40 at 20°C;
0-12 at 30°C;
0 at 40°C.
(b) slip melting point in the range 25°-45°C; e.g.
25°-36°C;
(c) viscosity (when measured at 40°C) corresponding to ?100 at least 35 centipoiose, e.g. at least 40 centipoise;
and ?CA at least 30 centipoise, e.g. at least 33 centipoise;
and (d) a coating pliability parameter of at least 3.
Description
;3993 .
- 1 - Q.1019 .
COMPOSITE ICE CONFECTIONS AND PROCESSES FOR PREPARING THEM
This in~ention relates to composite frozen confection products and processes for preparing them: and in particular coated ice confections having fat based coatings tcouvertures) and to other composit:e confections in which ice confections contact a layers of fat-based composition.
Ice confections with fat basecl coating are well-established products. One known coating is chocolate, based on cocoa-butter. Many other fats haYe been proposed and some used. One fat that has been used is coconut oil.
Fat-based coatings can display properties that are unsatisfactory to the consumer, the producer or both.
Such properties include the tendency to break, flake, or rub off during production or consumption and to soften too much in the hands.
Another important way in which fat-based coatings can be unsatisfactory is that they may give an unsuitable mouth-feel in the context of the product in which they are used. On the one hand, such coatings may yield a lingering, cloying mouth-feel, seeming to clog the teeth -3~6~3
- 1 - Q.1019 .
COMPOSITE ICE CONFECTIONS AND PROCESSES FOR PREPARING THEM
This in~ention relates to composite frozen confection products and processes for preparing them: and in particular coated ice confections having fat based coatings tcouvertures) and to other composit:e confections in which ice confections contact a layers of fat-based composition.
Ice confections with fat basecl coating are well-established products. One known coating is chocolate, based on cocoa-butter. Many other fats haYe been proposed and some used. One fat that has been used is coconut oil.
Fat-based coatings can display properties that are unsatisfactory to the consumer, the producer or both.
Such properties include the tendency to break, flake, or rub off during production or consumption and to soften too much in the hands.
Another important way in which fat-based coatings can be unsatisfactory is that they may give an unsuitable mouth-feel in the context of the product in which they are used. On the one hand, such coatings may yield a lingering, cloying mouth-feel, seeming to clog the teeth -3~6~3
- 2 - Q.1019 and oral surfaces, often also imparting bitterness to chocolate flavourings. On the other hand, coatings may fail to appear to contain appreciable chocolate flavouring or texture.
One other use of coatings based on fat compositions is in the coating of baked confectionery containers or wafers for ice confections. Fat coating of such baked articles is disclosed for example in GB 947,672 (Big Drum, Inc.). I~
has been found, however, that with the fat coatings in use there is a problem of loss of crispness in the baked product during storage for a reasonable time, due to water transfer from the adjacent ice confection.
According to the invention there is provided a composite fro~en confection comprising ice confection in contact with a layer of fat-based confectionery composition comprising a s~spension of flavouring and sweetening solids in a fat base, arranged to separate the ice confection from a dry edible confection such as wafer, characterised in that the fat base essentially inclucles a fat composition having :
(a) solids content index (SCI) values (~) (as defined below) in each of the following ranges :
70 - 93 at -20C, preferably 7S - 90;
65 - 93 at -lO~Co pre~erably 75 - 85;
55 - 90 at 0C, preferably 65 - 75;
15 - 40 at 20C, 0 - 12 at 30C, 0 at 40C;
(b~ slip melting point in the range 25 -45C; e.g.
25 -36C;
(c) viscosity ~when measured at 40C) corresponding to ~7100 at least 35 centipoise (0.035 Pa.s.)l e.g. at least 40 centipoise (0.04 Pa.s); and 7 CA at least 30 centipoise (0.03 Pa.s.), e.g. at least 33 centipoise (0~033 Pa.s) and (d) a coating pliability parameter of at least 3. (In
One other use of coatings based on fat compositions is in the coating of baked confectionery containers or wafers for ice confections. Fat coating of such baked articles is disclosed for example in GB 947,672 (Big Drum, Inc.). I~
has been found, however, that with the fat coatings in use there is a problem of loss of crispness in the baked product during storage for a reasonable time, due to water transfer from the adjacent ice confection.
According to the invention there is provided a composite fro~en confection comprising ice confection in contact with a layer of fat-based confectionery composition comprising a s~spension of flavouring and sweetening solids in a fat base, arranged to separate the ice confection from a dry edible confection such as wafer, characterised in that the fat base essentially inclucles a fat composition having :
(a) solids content index (SCI) values (~) (as defined below) in each of the following ranges :
70 - 93 at -20C, preferably 7S - 90;
65 - 93 at -lO~Co pre~erably 75 - 85;
55 - 90 at 0C, preferably 65 - 75;
15 - 40 at 20C, 0 - 12 at 30C, 0 at 40C;
(b~ slip melting point in the range 25 -45C; e.g.
25 -36C;
(c) viscosity ~when measured at 40C) corresponding to ~7100 at least 35 centipoise (0.035 Pa.s.)l e.g. at least 40 centipoise (0.04 Pa.s); and 7 CA at least 30 centipoise (0.03 Pa.s.), e.g. at least 33 centipoise (0~033 Pa.s) and (d) a coating pliability parameter of at least 3. (In
- 3 - Q.1019 the foregoing and succeeding description reference is made to a number of parameters defined more closely by reference to test methods described hereinbelow.) We find that such fats give particularly good results in terms of preventing moisture penetration owing to their lack. of excessive brittleness. We also find that they can be formulated into confectionery coating compositions of distinctly good flavour and mouthfeel on their consumption as part of a composite frozen confection. It can also be of advantage if the fat is one that gives a confectionery composition which in the test given below performs with a brittleness time of ~45 seconds, e.g. ~,60 seconds.
The fats can suitably be such as to show a change in solids content over the last 5C of their melting profile of at least 20~ of their solids contents at -20C. Their maximum rate of solids formation upon cooling is preferably abo~e 18~ per minute, with the time taken to reach 50~
solids normaly less than 4 minutes. The maximum solids content achieved in 20 minutes is normally in the range 70-90%.
Normally we prefer for ice confection use those fats which yield confectionery coatings of the following viscosities at 46C when such coatings are formulated using 45% fat content by weight:
~3 ~10 poise;
7 loo ~,2.0 poise, preferably 2.0-3.6 poise;
~ cA~,l.~ poise, preferably 1.4-3.4 poise.
All these parameters are as defined by the test methods noted below or their equivalents.
Fat compositions for use according to the invention can for example comprise triglycerides of which a major or minor proportion by number (but less than 2/3 by number) are ~hort-chain (Cs6) acyl groups and of which substantially the complement (more than 1/3 by number) are long-chain C~12 acyl groups. The short and long-chain acyl groups are substantially randomly distributed amongst 3~ ~13
The fats can suitably be such as to show a change in solids content over the last 5C of their melting profile of at least 20~ of their solids contents at -20C. Their maximum rate of solids formation upon cooling is preferably abo~e 18~ per minute, with the time taken to reach 50~
solids normaly less than 4 minutes. The maximum solids content achieved in 20 minutes is normally in the range 70-90%.
Normally we prefer for ice confection use those fats which yield confectionery coatings of the following viscosities at 46C when such coatings are formulated using 45% fat content by weight:
~3 ~10 poise;
7 loo ~,2.0 poise, preferably 2.0-3.6 poise;
~ cA~,l.~ poise, preferably 1.4-3.4 poise.
All these parameters are as defined by the test methods noted below or their equivalents.
Fat compositions for use according to the invention can for example comprise triglycerides of which a major or minor proportion by number (but less than 2/3 by number) are ~hort-chain (Cs6) acyl groups and of which substantially the complement (more than 1/3 by number) are long-chain C~12 acyl groups. The short and long-chain acyl groups are substantially randomly distributed amongst 3~ ~13
- 4 - Q.1019 the triglycerides. This can be achieved (a) by mixing heterogeneous glycerides i.e. those having`both long and short acyl groups, and/or ~b) by interesterifying a mixture of unlike glycerides.
Techniques for interesterification, e.g. with sodium methoxide catalyst, are known per se and require no further description herein, though particular manners of carrying out interesterification are shown below.
One very suitable fat composition comprises a mixture of a lauric fat or oil or a non-lauric fat or oil, (optionally hydrogenated either selectively or unselectively to a desired slip melting point, and preferably present at 25-75% by weight) with a short chain acylated (i.e. preferably diacetylated) long chain monoglyceride, preferably present at 75-25% by weightj. The long chain acyl groups of the short chain acylated monog~yceride can be derived from any source: C18 saturated (stearyl) groups can be used, or optionally shorter chains or unsaturated chains can be present. In particularly preferred embodiments, palm kernel oil and/or cottonseed oil, preferably at about 50% are blended with acetylated C16 and/or C18 monoglyceride, substantially saturated. A substantially equivalent embodiment can if desired be produced by interesterifying a mixture with corresponding acyl content differently distributed.
~ Lauric fat or oil" means an edible oil or fat having lauric and/or myristic acids as substantial ~atty acyl constituents, (e.g. constituting 40-50~ or more of the acyl groups) with the remaining fatty acyl content containing very little unsaturation: examples are palm kernel oil (preferred), basassu oil, coquito oil, coconùt oil (also preferred).
The term Unon-lauric fat or oil" means an edible oil in which the principal fatty acyl content is not lauric acid, and for example in which there is a substantial amount of C16 and/or C18 unsaturated acyl groups, e.g.
3~ 3
Techniques for interesterification, e.g. with sodium methoxide catalyst, are known per se and require no further description herein, though particular manners of carrying out interesterification are shown below.
One very suitable fat composition comprises a mixture of a lauric fat or oil or a non-lauric fat or oil, (optionally hydrogenated either selectively or unselectively to a desired slip melting point, and preferably present at 25-75% by weight) with a short chain acylated (i.e. preferably diacetylated) long chain monoglyceride, preferably present at 75-25% by weightj. The long chain acyl groups of the short chain acylated monog~yceride can be derived from any source: C18 saturated (stearyl) groups can be used, or optionally shorter chains or unsaturated chains can be present. In particularly preferred embodiments, palm kernel oil and/or cottonseed oil, preferably at about 50% are blended with acetylated C16 and/or C18 monoglyceride, substantially saturated. A substantially equivalent embodiment can if desired be produced by interesterifying a mixture with corresponding acyl content differently distributed.
~ Lauric fat or oil" means an edible oil or fat having lauric and/or myristic acids as substantial ~atty acyl constituents, (e.g. constituting 40-50~ or more of the acyl groups) with the remaining fatty acyl content containing very little unsaturation: examples are palm kernel oil (preferred), basassu oil, coquito oil, coconùt oil (also preferred).
The term Unon-lauric fat or oil" means an edible oil in which the principal fatty acyl content is not lauric acid, and for example in which there is a substantial amount of C16 and/or C18 unsaturated acyl groups, e.g.
3~ 3
- 5 - Q.1019 oleic,linoleic and/or linolenic acyl groups: the remaining bulk of the acyl groups is largely saturated, (e.g. C16 and~or C18 acids~. Examples of such non-lauric oils are cottonseed oil, peanut oil, soyabean oil, sesame oil, safflower oil and sunflower oil, and particularly rapeseed oil (e.g. low-erucic rapeseed oil) and soyabean oil, and also palm oil.
References herein to selective hardening mean exposure of ~he fat material to be treated to a catalyst which brings about isomerisation of the ethylenic bonds without substantial hydrogenation: consideration geometrical isomerisation (cis~-~trans) occurs. A suitable known catalyst for the purpose is a poisoned nickel catalyst (a f resh nickel catalyst gives much hydrogenation (unselective hardening) but little of the isomerisation required in selective hardening).
Of course it is understood that in the interesterified blends other sources of acyl groups can be substituted for those q~oted and for one another if their proportions and types of acyl groups are s~fficiently similar, without regard to their identical triglyceride combination or isomeric analysis. As an example, palm oil can in such compositions be substituted often by lard.
The above~described compositions can be modified in a number of ways. For example, without limitation, the long-chain acyl groups may be derived partly or wholly from fatty compositions which have been made subj~ct to in~eresterification or other processing, as well as from natural or refined fats and oils. For example, good results have been obtained when the palm kernel oil or cottonseed oil or other lauric or non-lauric fats and oils used as source of long-chain acyl groups are substituted wholly or in part by interesterified blends~ e.g.
interesterified blends of lauric and non-lauric fats and oils such as palm kernel oil and palm oil, for example in 40-7~60-25 weight proportions, e.g. 60:40. Such a blend
References herein to selective hardening mean exposure of ~he fat material to be treated to a catalyst which brings about isomerisation of the ethylenic bonds without substantial hydrogenation: consideration geometrical isomerisation (cis~-~trans) occurs. A suitable known catalyst for the purpose is a poisoned nickel catalyst (a f resh nickel catalyst gives much hydrogenation (unselective hardening) but little of the isomerisation required in selective hardening).
Of course it is understood that in the interesterified blends other sources of acyl groups can be substituted for those q~oted and for one another if their proportions and types of acyl groups are s~fficiently similar, without regard to their identical triglyceride combination or isomeric analysis. As an example, palm oil can in such compositions be substituted often by lard.
The above~described compositions can be modified in a number of ways. For example, without limitation, the long-chain acyl groups may be derived partly or wholly from fatty compositions which have been made subj~ct to in~eresterification or other processing, as well as from natural or refined fats and oils. For example, good results have been obtained when the palm kernel oil or cottonseed oil or other lauric or non-lauric fats and oils used as source of long-chain acyl groups are substituted wholly or in part by interesterified blends~ e.g.
interesterified blends of lauric and non-lauric fats and oils such as palm kernel oil and palm oil, for example in 40-7~60-25 weight proportions, e.g. 60:40. Such a blend
- 6 - Q.1019 can be combined by mixing with, for example, 25-50-75% (of the final fat composition) of diacylated long-chain monoglyceride, e.g. diacetyl C16/18 monoglyceride, or by interesterification with a short-chain triglyceride, e.g.
triacetin, at up to about 10%. (Clearly, a single interesterification step will suffice in the latter case.~
Particularly good results have been noted in terms of lack of brittleness where the final composition contains an appreciable portion of a eutectic formed between long-chain triglyceride and a di-(short chain acyl) mono-(long-chain acyl) glyceride, as is the case with blends of palm kernel oil (25-75%) and diacetyl mono C16/18 acyl glyceride (75-25%) and their equivalents.
Slip melting points of the above fat compositions can for example be in the range 24 -42C: these and viscosities can be chosen according to the desired method of application of the coatings derived therefrom.
The use of hardened lauric oils gives fats with higher slip melting point than when untreated lauric oils are used. When hardened lauric oils are used, somewhat more short chains can be present than otherwise, since one effect of these is to lower the slip melting point.
Another group of fat compositions suitable for use in this invention comprises an intererestified blend of a lauric fat or oil ~e.g. at about 15-45%) with a non-lauric fat or oil other than palm oil (e.g. at about 85-55~
Interesterified blends of palm kernel oil or other lauric fat or oil (15-55~, especially 30-55%) with palm oil (85-45%, especially 70-45%) have been found particularly suitable.
Confectionery coating compositions according to this invention comprise a fatty base including one or more of the fat compositions of the types specified above, together with suspended sweetening and flavouring solids, e.g. cocoa powder and sugar; optionally with milk solids and emulsifiers and other additives. Suitably the fat can
triacetin, at up to about 10%. (Clearly, a single interesterification step will suffice in the latter case.~
Particularly good results have been noted in terms of lack of brittleness where the final composition contains an appreciable portion of a eutectic formed between long-chain triglyceride and a di-(short chain acyl) mono-(long-chain acyl) glyceride, as is the case with blends of palm kernel oil (25-75%) and diacetyl mono C16/18 acyl glyceride (75-25%) and their equivalents.
Slip melting points of the above fat compositions can for example be in the range 24 -42C: these and viscosities can be chosen according to the desired method of application of the coatings derived therefrom.
The use of hardened lauric oils gives fats with higher slip melting point than when untreated lauric oils are used. When hardened lauric oils are used, somewhat more short chains can be present than otherwise, since one effect of these is to lower the slip melting point.
Another group of fat compositions suitable for use in this invention comprises an intererestified blend of a lauric fat or oil ~e.g. at about 15-45%) with a non-lauric fat or oil other than palm oil (e.g. at about 85-55~
Interesterified blends of palm kernel oil or other lauric fat or oil (15-55~, especially 30-55%) with palm oil (85-45%, especially 70-45%) have been found particularly suitable.
Confectionery coating compositions according to this invention comprise a fatty base including one or more of the fat compositions of the types specified above, together with suspended sweetening and flavouring solids, e.g. cocoa powder and sugar; optionally with milk solids and emulsifiers and other additives. Suitably the fat can
- 7 - Q.1019 constitute e.g. 30-70% of the coating compositions, preferably about 40-60 (e.g. about 50%) where the compositions are to be applied by dipping.
Composite frozen confections according to the invention can comprise layers or zones of such coating compositions together with layers or zones of ice confection and layers or zones of baked or crispy confection, e.g. wafer.
The solid content index, brittleness time, viscosity and coating pliability referred to herein are measurements obtained as described below. The slip melting point is measured by standard procedures well known to those skilled in the field to which this invention relates.
In this specification the solids content index (SCI) refers to a measurement obtained b~ the following or an equivalent test method: a sample of fat is placed in a low-temperature measurement cell of a wide-line nmr spectrometer calibrated for measurement of sample quantity, such as the "Quantity Analyser" (Trade Mark) commercially available from Newport Instruments,, Newport Pagnell, Buckinghamshire, England. The sample is held at a required temperature for 10 minutes and then the percent solid fat is obtained from the instrument inc3ication. This result is an SCI(~) referred to the test temperature.
In this specification nthe brittleness time" refers to a measurement obtained by the following or an equivalent t~st method in which what is estimated is the speed at which a confectionery coating composition (containing the fat to ~e tested) becomes brittle on being used to coat a fro~en confectionery article. The fat composition to be tested is incorporated at 59.2% of a confectionery composition containing 25.7~ icing sugar, 12.9% cocoa powder (of 10/12% fat content), 1.7% skim milk powder and 0.5~ lecithin. The total fat content of the composition should be 60.6%. Any conventional formulation process can
Composite frozen confections according to the invention can comprise layers or zones of such coating compositions together with layers or zones of ice confection and layers or zones of baked or crispy confection, e.g. wafer.
The solid content index, brittleness time, viscosity and coating pliability referred to herein are measurements obtained as described below. The slip melting point is measured by standard procedures well known to those skilled in the field to which this invention relates.
In this specification the solids content index (SCI) refers to a measurement obtained b~ the following or an equivalent test method: a sample of fat is placed in a low-temperature measurement cell of a wide-line nmr spectrometer calibrated for measurement of sample quantity, such as the "Quantity Analyser" (Trade Mark) commercially available from Newport Instruments,, Newport Pagnell, Buckinghamshire, England. The sample is held at a required temperature for 10 minutes and then the percent solid fat is obtained from the instrument inc3ication. This result is an SCI(~) referred to the test temperature.
In this specification nthe brittleness time" refers to a measurement obtained by the following or an equivalent t~st method in which what is estimated is the speed at which a confectionery coating composition (containing the fat to ~e tested) becomes brittle on being used to coat a fro~en confectionery article. The fat composition to be tested is incorporated at 59.2% of a confectionery composition containing 25.7~ icing sugar, 12.9% cocoa powder (of 10/12% fat content), 1.7% skim milk powder and 0.5~ lecithin. The total fat content of the composition should be 60.6%. Any conventional formulation process can
- 8 - Q.1019 be used: desirably the composition is rendered to a final particle size of 17-19 ~m by micrometer screw gauge, with most particles of 14-16 ,um as measured by a Sheen gauge:
by Coulter Counter (Trade Mark) measurement 75% of particles are desirably 22 Jum. The confectionery composition prepared this way is melted at 36 for 20 minutes in a gently stirred jacketed vessel, and used to coat frozen ice confection (ice cream) blocks on sticks in the following wayO The blocks are desirably of 30g weight and 100% overrun, stored at -26C, taken from the store and immersed 9 seconds in moulds surrounded by water at 30C, so that their surface temperature rises to -5C and their ~ ;
interior temperature to -15C: the blocks are then ~ ~ ;
immediately dipped into the molten coating composition (immersion for about 2 second), withdrawn, and small sections of the coated block repeatedly cut off with a relatively blunt implement at closely-spaced time intervals by any suitable method until the coating can be heard to ;
give an audible crack on cutting. The purpose is to simulate the conditions under which such compositions and ~ `
coatings are bitten during consumption, and a test consumer can be used if desired. The time elapsed between the coating immersion and the propensity of the coating to give an audible crack on cutting is taken as the "brittleness time'l as referred to in this specification.
In this specification the viscosity measurement~
~100 and 7CA are measurements obtained by the following or equivalent test methods. Viscosity measurements can be made on fat compositions or on coating composi~ions made therefrom. Where a coating composition is characterised, the viscosity measurement is made on the composition itself. Where a fat composition is in ;
question, the viscosity measurements are either made on and~
referred to the fat composition itself or made on and referred to a coating composition comprising 45% or 59.2%
by weight of the fat. Normally, coating compositions of ~
~ ;, , : , " :
~399~
by Coulter Counter (Trade Mark) measurement 75% of particles are desirably 22 Jum. The confectionery composition prepared this way is melted at 36 for 20 minutes in a gently stirred jacketed vessel, and used to coat frozen ice confection (ice cream) blocks on sticks in the following wayO The blocks are desirably of 30g weight and 100% overrun, stored at -26C, taken from the store and immersed 9 seconds in moulds surrounded by water at 30C, so that their surface temperature rises to -5C and their ~ ;
interior temperature to -15C: the blocks are then ~ ~ ;
immediately dipped into the molten coating composition (immersion for about 2 second), withdrawn, and small sections of the coated block repeatedly cut off with a relatively blunt implement at closely-spaced time intervals by any suitable method until the coating can be heard to ;
give an audible crack on cutting. The purpose is to simulate the conditions under which such compositions and ~ `
coatings are bitten during consumption, and a test consumer can be used if desired. The time elapsed between the coating immersion and the propensity of the coating to give an audible crack on cutting is taken as the "brittleness time'l as referred to in this specification.
In this specification the viscosity measurement~
~100 and 7CA are measurements obtained by the following or equivalent test methods. Viscosity measurements can be made on fat compositions or on coating composi~ions made therefrom. Where a coating composition is characterised, the viscosity measurement is made on the composition itself. Where a fat composition is in ;
question, the viscosity measurements are either made on and~
referred to the fat composition itself or made on and referred to a coating composition comprising 45% or 59.2%
by weight of the fat. Normally, coating compositions of ~
~ ;, , : , " :
~399~
- 9 - Q.1019 45% fat are used as standard where the coating compositions are intended for use in enrobing ice confections, and compositions of 59.2~ fat where they are intended for use by dipping processes.
The parameters ~3 and ~100 represent the apparent viscosity at the quoted temperature (e~g. 40C) at shear rates of respectively 3 sec 1 and 100 sec 1, The parameter 7CA represents the Casson plastic viscosity.
The parameter ~cA (Casson plastic viscosity) is determined (e.g. using a similar viscometer to that mentioned above), but according to the method of N. Casson ~Rheology of Disperse Systems, Pergamon Press, London 1959)~
The parameter ~
3 lS measured for example using a Deer Rheometer PDR81 (Trade Mark) having an inner rotating cylinder or bob lowered onto a temperature-jacketed outer stationary cylinder containing the sample composition. The inner cylinder or bob is driven at a controlled shear s~ress and the shear rate induced is measured : the apparent viscosity at a 3 sec 1 shear rate is determined from the results obtained at a succession of shear stresses.
The rate of crystallisation of a fat composition sample can conveniently be measured under conditions when the sample tat 32C) is placed in an nmr cell of the same wide-line nmr spectrometer at -20~C, and monitoring the signal level ~rom the spectrometer at frequent intervals over about 20 minutes, intercalated with frequent temperature measurements using a temperature probe inserted whenever required into the sample cell, and removed to allow nmr measurement. The maximum rate of solids formation achieved is the steepest tangent to the curve of solids content versus time obtained from these measurements, and is expressed in % solids per minute.
In this specification the coating pliability refers to a parameter obtained by the following or an equivalent test
The parameters ~3 and ~100 represent the apparent viscosity at the quoted temperature (e~g. 40C) at shear rates of respectively 3 sec 1 and 100 sec 1, The parameter 7CA represents the Casson plastic viscosity.
The parameter ~cA (Casson plastic viscosity) is determined (e.g. using a similar viscometer to that mentioned above), but according to the method of N. Casson ~Rheology of Disperse Systems, Pergamon Press, London 1959)~
The parameter ~
3 lS measured for example using a Deer Rheometer PDR81 (Trade Mark) having an inner rotating cylinder or bob lowered onto a temperature-jacketed outer stationary cylinder containing the sample composition. The inner cylinder or bob is driven at a controlled shear s~ress and the shear rate induced is measured : the apparent viscosity at a 3 sec 1 shear rate is determined from the results obtained at a succession of shear stresses.
The rate of crystallisation of a fat composition sample can conveniently be measured under conditions when the sample tat 32C) is placed in an nmr cell of the same wide-line nmr spectrometer at -20~C, and monitoring the signal level ~rom the spectrometer at frequent intervals over about 20 minutes, intercalated with frequent temperature measurements using a temperature probe inserted whenever required into the sample cell, and removed to allow nmr measurement. The maximum rate of solids formation achieved is the steepest tangent to the curve of solids content versus time obtained from these measurements, and is expressed in % solids per minute.
In this specification the coating pliability refers to a parameter obtained by the following or an equivalent test
- 10 - Q.1019 method. Polythene strips ~2.5 cm x 6 cm) are immersed in molten, prestirred coating composition or fat under test, to coat an area 25 x 50 mm. The coating weight is controlled by adjustment of temperature of the molten material to give mean coating film thickness of O.08-0.1 mm (for fats) and 0.34-0.38 mm (for confectionery coating compositions). Surplus material is drained from the strips and their coatings allowed to harden. Six strips of each coating type are carefully supported at the uncoated end in boxes so that their only point of contact with the inside of the box is at the coated end. The boxes ~-are stored at -15C for 24 hours. The coatings are then assessed for pliability (at -15~C) by exerting gentle steady manual pressure on the strips to bend the ends towards each other. The strips are then given coating pliability ranking values in accordance with their ap?earance: no imperfections or discontinuities in coating, 5 (~ery pliable); striations, 4 (pliable); tears (ragged breaks), 3 (some pliability); cracks (one or at most two clean breaks), 2 (brittle); severe cracking (fragmentation or flaking), 1 (very brittle).
The confectionery coating compositions described above containing the above-specified fat compositions can advantageously be sprayed onto ice confection or other confectionery material to be used in conjunction therewith le.g. a wafer or baked container for ice confection) by means of an atomising spray gun, as in Examples given below. Examples 1 and 6 illustrate embodiments of processes and products in accordance with the invention :
the remaining Examples further illustrate fat compositions suitable for use in such processes and products.
Example_l A fat composition was prepared by blending ( in :
conventional manner) refined palm kernel oil (50~ by weight) and a commercially obtainable diacetylated long-chain saturated monoglyceride (C16 and C18) of slip ~ ~.
. .
:, 3~
~ Q.1019 melting point about 44C (50% by weight).
This fat composition was used in accordance with the invention to make a dark chocolate-flavoured confectionery coating somposition containing 50% of the fat composition;
36.5% sugar (sucrose); 13% cocoa powder (12/12~ fat content); and the balance a minor amount of flavourant and emulsifier.
The resulting confectionery coating composition was used as described below for spray-coating in the manufacture of composite ice confections and gave good texture combined with excellent processing qualities, and good resistance to permeation of moisture. Confectionery wafer containers were passed along a conveyor of an apparatus having sequential coating and filling stations.
At the coating station, each container had a 0.5 mm thick layer of chocolate-flavoured fatty coating composition as prepared a~ove applied to its internal surfaces fro~ a downwardlv-directed atomising spray gun (from DeVilbiss Limited) arranged to deliver a spra~ of the molten coating (held prior to spraying at 43C~ into the open top of the container.
After application of the coating, each container was shifted to a filling station where a dose of ice cream or non~dairy ice confection mix at -4C to -5C was dosed into the coated container. Finally the composite confection was further frozen and hardened at -26C for 30-45 minutes~
Its further treatment, additional decoration or further wrapping was conventional and forms no part of this invention. It was found that the product was sufficiently resistant to undesired moisture transport from the ice confection to the wafer as to retain its crispness for some months in frozen storage.
Many further useful compositions of the invention can, by way of example but not limitation, be made by using e.g. 55-85~ of the lauric ~at or oil, and e.g. 45-15%, of the non-lauric oil. For example, we ha~e found that man~
- 12 - Q.1019 such compositions made with 50-75% lauric fat or oil, e.g. ;~
palm kernel oil or coconut oil, and 50-25% non-lauric oil, e.g. palm oil, or rapeseed oil, e.g. low-erucic rapeseed oil, can show particular utility as fatty bases for enrobing confectionery coating compositions (or couvertures). These can be based for example on 30-70%, e.g. 30-55~, e.g. about 45% of the fat, together with ;
sweetening and flavouring agents such as sugar and cocoa powder and optionally milk solids, to give a suspension in the fat of such solid agents. It is understood that such ~ ;
additional ingredients may include further and maybe different fat.
Many further examples of useful compositions can have a major proportion, e.g. up to 85%, or below 90~, of the non-lauric fat or oil in the interesterified blend.
These fat compositions can, for example, be particularly useful in making coatings to be ap~lied to ice confections by dipping.
A particularly desirable fat in this category comprises a randomly interesterifiecl blend of palm kernel oil (PRO) and rapeseed oil (RS0), especially in or about the proportions PRO 82.5:RSO 17.5 by weight: the rapeseed oil is preferably selectively hardened to a slip melting point in a desired range, e.g. about 25-32C, such as about ~ ;~
~5-27C. ;;
When rapeseed oil, e~g. low-erucic rapeseed oil, is used as the non-lauric oil its preferred proportions before interesterification are in the range 50-25-15% by weight;
especially about 18% by weight.
~urther ~xamples of suitable fats in this category : : -given for illustration but without limitation are~
ta) an interesterified blend of palm kernel oil and Iow-erucic rapeseed oil (PKO 60:40 RSO): the rapeseed oil is preferably selectively hardened to a slip melting point in a desired range, ecg. about 27C; ~ ;
(b) an interesterified blend of coconut oil (CNO~ and ~;
'~
~ ~ ~ 3~ ~ 3 - 13 - Q.1019 rapeseed oil (CNO 82.5:17.5 RSO): the rapeseed oil is preferably selectively hardened to a slip melting point in a desired range, e.g. about 26C.
Of course it is understood that in such interesterified blends other sources of acyl groups can be substituted for those quoted and for one another if their proportions and types of acyl groups are sufficiently similar, without regard to their ide~tical trig~yceri~e combination or isomeric analysis. As an example, palm oil can in such compositions be substituted often by lard.
~ ny of the fat compositions described above can be used according to the invention as components of confectionery coating compositions comprising a base of the edible interesterified fat (or fatty mixture comprising it) with a suspension therein of solid sweetening and flavouring agents, e.g. sugar and coca powder or substitutes therefor. Optionally milk solids, e~ulsifiers and other additives can be present. The fat content of the coating compositions can, for example, be in the range 30-70~ by weight, e.g~ about 45-60%.
These coating compositions can be applied to make rozen confection composites according to the invention in any suitable manner, e.g. dipping or enrobing.
Examples 2 _nd 3 (A) Preparation of fat compositions Crude low-erucic rapeseed oil was neutralised with 0.8N NaOH. After a water wash, the oil was boiled with 1.5% its weight of 6N soda ash and 1% by weight of a sodium silicate solution for 30 minutes at 105C, then washed free of soap and dried. Bleaching was carried out with 1%
Tonsil Standard FF (Trade Mark) bleaching compound 20 minutes at 105C under vacuum. The neutralised bleached oil was deodorised 30 minutes at 1~0C.
The rapeseed oil so treated was blended with fully-refined palm kernel oil in the weight ratio 40 rapeseed oil to 60 palm kernel oil in a first case (Example - 14 - Q.1019 2) and 50 to 50 in a second case (Example 3~. Batches of the blends were interesterified continuously with 0.05~ by weight sodium catalyst at 125C for 4 minutes. The product oil was then added to a vessel partly filled with diluted phosphoric acid (to neutralise excess sodium). The treated product oil ~interesterified blends) were washed with 0.2N
NaOH and water; when free of soap the blends were dried and filtered over 0.2% Hyflow (Trade Mark) filter aid.
Batches of the blends were selectively hardened under agitation in an autoclave fitted with six-blade turbine stirrer and four baffles. Hydrogen was blown into the headspace of the autoclave. Hardening was carried out at ;~
180C with 0~5% by weight of sulphur-poisoned nickel catalyst at 3-5 kg/cm H
2 pressure. The blends were hardened to slip melting-points of 26.8C ~Example 2) and 26.7C (Example 3). The selectively hardened interesterified blends were neutralised, freed of soap, dried, bleached and deodorised in a similar manner as before. At 60C, 0.1% fresh lecithin was added to each as antioxidant.
The properties o~ the fats prepared as described above ~ ;
were found to conform desirably with those described in the above specification as those of the invention.
~B) Preparation of confectionery coating compositions and ice confections Using normal refining and conching procedures, the fat compositions prepared according to the invention in Examples 2(A) and 3(A) were made up into confectionery coating compositions containing 43.6~ of the respective fat, 39.9% sugar, 16% cocoa powder (10/12% fat) and 0.5 lecithin, with optional flavourant to taste. These compositions were found to have highly desirable physical ~ ; ;
properties when used to coat ice confections (e.g. using an ice-briquette enrober and 40C coating temperature) and the flavour and mouthfeel characteristics of the products were found to compare satisfactorily with those of products~
:: ;: `:
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3~3 - 15 ~ Q.1019 based on 20% cocoa-butter fat.
Example 4 (i) Crude palm kernel oil (FFA = 5.1~) and rapeseed oil (FFA = 3.2%, erucic acid content 37.2) were neutralised separately with 4~ NaOH, and 4 times as much water. The rapeseed oil was further boiled with soda ash and silicate.
The oils were washed free of soap and dried. A blend of the refined oils in the proportions palm kernel oil 82.5%
and rapeseed oil 170 5% was bleached with 1% Tonsil Standard FF bleaching compound 20 minutes at 105C under vacuum.
The blend was filtered at 80C. The filtered bleached product was interesterified continuously with 0.05% by weight sodium methoxide catalyst at 1~5C for 4 minutes and transferred to a neutraliser vessel partly filled with dilute phosphoric acid. After washing with 0.2N NaO~ and water, and after drying, the product was filtered with a commercial filter aid. Two batches o~ the blend were selectively hardened at 180C. 3 kg/cm2 H~ pressure, and under strong agitation, with sulphur poisoned nickel catalyst at 0.2~ (Example 4(i)A) and 0.5% (Example 4ti)B) respectively. The respective slip melting points achieved after 120 and 150 minutes respectively hardening times were ~6,8C (Example 4(i)(A) and 26~6C (Example 4(i)B). The hardened blends were neutralised, washed free of soap and dried; then they were bleached, filtered, and deodorised (200C, 4 hours). After cooling to 60C, O.l~ by weight fresh lecithin antioxidant was added.
(ii) Confectionery coatings were produced from each fat, using the following ingredients:
9~33 ~ 16 - Q.1019 Coating:- A B C
Sugar 25.6% 20.8% 15.4%
Cocoa powder 12.9%
(12/12% fat) Cocoa powder 20/22% fat) - 10.6% 7.8%
Skim milk powder 1.7% - -~at Ex.4(i)A - 68.3% 76.5%
Fat E x . 4 ( i ) B 5 9 . 3 96 Emulsifier 0. 5% - 3~ 0~ 3%
(Total fat) (60.7%) (70~5%)~78.1~) Coatings A and B were used to dip-coat ice cream briquettes/lollipops at 20 strokes per minute on a machine operating at immersion time 0.7 seconds, coating bath temperature 36C, ice cream temperature immediately before : :
dipping (surface) -15C, (interior) -23C. ~:
Coating C was used to dip-coa~ ice cream briquettes/
lollipops at 140 strokes/minute using 1.5 seconds immersion time, coating bath temperature 29C, ice cream surface temperature -9C, interior temperature -24C.
In all cases the ice bars weighed about 279 with 110 overrun. Excellent non-brittle coatings were produced without defects in an extended trial run, while a standard coating based on coconut oil (59.3~) gave by comparison poor coverage, blobs, and caused smearing o some wrappers.
Coatings A, B and C gave brittleness times of 64, 85 and : :
100 seconds by comparison with 32 seconds for the standard `'' : '. :
~3~93 - 17 - Q. 1019 coconut oil-based coating. These brittleness times were not directly related to setting times: the fastest coating to set had in ~act the longest brittleness time.
The invention is not limited to the use of the materials particularly mentioned above. Further particular examples of useful interesterified fat compositions, e.g.
for coatings intended to be sprayed, contain 15-45% of the lauric fat or oil, e.g. interesterified blends of palm kernel oil and cottonseed oil (15%:85%) selectively harde~ed to slip melting point 25 -29C; or palm kernel oil and low-erucic rapeseed oil (15%:~5%), selectively hardened to slip melting point 25 -29C. In each case as in the other cases described above the non-lauric oil can in part or even wholly be substituted by alternative materials, e.g. other non-lauric oils, or tallow olein, or palm olein.
The example com?ositions described in the above Exam?les gave good results in terms of easy processability and lack of the usual undesirable degree of brittleness.
Such compositions of low brittleness as those described in this specification can advantageously be used to coat a number of edible products where coating flexibility is required at low temperatures. The compositions preferably have a brittleness time (when tested as described below) of at least 45 seconds/ e.g. at least 60 seconds or even more than 80 seconds.
According to a further aspect of the invention, we use fat compositions comprising triglycerides of which a major or minor portion of the acyl groups (by number) are short chain (C~6) acyl groups and a major or minor portion of the acyl groups (by number) are long chain (C~123 acyl groups. In the embodiments described below, the short chain (C~) acyl groups form less than 2/3 (by number) of the total acyl groups o~ the triglycerides~ The short and long chain acyl groups are substantially randomly distributed amongst the triglycerides of the fat 39~3 - 18 - Q~1019 composition. In the embodiments described below, this random distribution is achieved (a) by mixing of heterogeneous glycerides, i.e. those having dissimilar aeyl groups at least at twv of the substitution positions of each glyceryl moiety, and/or (b) by interesterification of a mixture of unlike glycerides.
Techniques for interesterification, e.g. with sodium methoxide catalyst, are known per se, in themselves form no part of this invention, and require no further description, though particular manners of carrying out in~eresterification are shown below.
The fats preferred of one category of those used according to the invention are triglyceride mixtures comprising a major proportion of acyl groups derived from lauric fats or oils, or non-laurie fats or oils (optionally hydrogenated unselectively or else selectively hardened), and a minor proportion by number of acyl groups with substantially short chain lengths/ e.g. u~ to C6.
Preferably all or nearly all the short chain acyl groups are present in mixed triglycerides eontaining both short and long chains. So, for example, when palm kernel oil is used as a component of the fat, either alone, or in blend with, or in interesterified mixture with another laurie fat or oil or a non-laurie fat or oil, the short chain aeyl groups can be introdueed by interesterification with for example glyceryl triacetate or glyceryl tributyrate or glyceryl trihexanoate, or they ean be introduced by blending (and optional interesterification) with an acetylated long chain monoglyceride or diglyceride, or a long chain mono- or di-glyceride acylated with short chain acyl ~roups.
Pre~erably the short chain acyl groups form up to about 20% by number of the total acyl groups of the triglyceride mixture.
Where ~he short chain acyl groups are acetyl groups, they are preferably present at up to the equivalent of the ~ 3~ 3 - 19 - Q.1019 number of acyl groups that would be provided by 5% by weight triacetin in tripalmitin or a mainl~ palmitic fat or oil, suitably up to 3~ by weight, e.g. 2% by weight.
Where the short chain acyl groups are butyryl or hexanoyl groups they are preferably present at up to the equivalent of the number of acyl groups that would be provided by 10%
by weight glyceryl trihexanoate in tripalmitin or a mainly palmitic fat or oil, suitably up to 5% by weight.
Suitable examples of fats of this type, given for illustration and not limitation, are:
(a) an interesterified blend of 37% palm kernel oil and 3%
triacetin (by weight), which can be selectively hardened to a slip melting point in a suitable range, e.g. about 25.5C.
(b) an interesterified blend of 90~ coconut oil and 10~
butterfat. (From this last example it can be seen that a natural source, i.e. in this case butterfat, can be used for the short chain ac~l groups, the proportion of the respective material chosen in dependence on its content of such acyl groups.) The use of hardened lauric oils gives fats with higher slip melting point than when untreated lauric oils are used. When hardened lauric oils are used, somewhat more short chains can be present than otherwise, since one effect of these is to lower the slip melting point.
The preferred fats of this category have been fo~nd particularly suitable for the preparation of confectionery coating compositions as illustrated below when the compositions are intended to be applied to a frozen confection by a dipping process tit is emphasised however that the compositions are applicable in other ways too).
Further details of the coating compositions are their applications are given for example below.
According to the invention, in another aspect, we use fat composition comprising preferably higher quantities tby number) of the short chain acyl groups compared with those - 20 - Q.1019 preferred compositions described above. The proportion (by number~ of the short chain acyl groups is then preferably less than 2/3 of the total acyl groups.
Fat compositions according to this preferred category can be made by either of the mixture and interesterification methods described above.
One very suitable fat composition comprises a mixture of a lauric fat or oil or a non-lauric fat or oil, (optionally hydrogenated either selectively or unselectively to a desired slip melting point, and preferably present at 23-75% by weight) with a short chain acylated (i.e. preferably diacetylated) long chain monoglyceride, preferably present at 75-25~ by weight). The long chain acyl groups of the short chain acylated monoglyceride can be derived from any source- C18 saturated (stearyl) groups can be used, or optionally shorter chains or unsaturated chains can be present. In particularly preferred embodiments, palm kernel oil and/or cottonseed oil, preferably at about 50% are blended with acetylated C16 and/or C18 monoglyceride, substantially saturated. A substantially equivalent embodiment can if desired by produced by interesterifying a mixture with corresponding acyl content differently distributed.
The preferred fats of this category have been found particularly suitable for the preparation of confectionery coating compositions as illustrated below when the compositions are intended to be used in frozen confection manufacture by spraying or injection. (It is emphasised however that the compositions are applicable in other ways too). Further details of the coating compositions and their application are given for example below.
Slip melting points of the fat compositions can for example be in the range 24 -42~C: these viscosities can be chosen according to the desired method of application of the coatings derived therefrom.
Further Examples of fat compositions suitable for use 3~33 - 21 - Q.1019 in processes and products in accordance with the invention are given below.
Example 5 (i) Refined palm kernel oil and commercial food-grade triacetin were blended in the ratios of 97:3 respectively.
A batch of the blend was interesterified in a vessel fitted with a powerful stirrer, N2inlet and temperature control, by heating to 110C under N2, agitation and injection of completion of the reaction: agitation was maintained for 30 minutes. The product was washed with 1% acetic acid solution, followed by water washing to remove catalyst and scap, then dried. Completion of interesterification was checked by GLC of the triglycerides.
The product was given a slight selective hardening over sulphur-poisoned nickel catalyst to a slip melting-point of 25.5C. Postrefining was carried out by bleaching ~ith 2. C300 bleaching earth at 110C under N2 for 30 ~inutes. 1~ of kieselguhr was added to the cooled product anà the whole filtered. After deodorisation (180C under vacuuum for 4 hours) and addition of 0.1% lecithin the product interesterified blend was made up into confectionery coating compositions.
(ii) A couverture composition intended especially but not exclusively for the dip-coating of ice confections was made up with the following ingredients: fat blend prepared in Example 5(i) 59.3%; sugar 25.6%; cocoa powder (10/12%
fat content) 12.9~; skimmed milk powder 1.7~; emulsifier 0.5%; optional flavour to taste.
Ice con~ection briquettes were coated in similar manner to that described in the description of the test for brittleness time given below. The resulting products were made with excellent processing and consumer characteristics and showed a brittleness time of about 75 seconds.
Further examples of the compositions which can be used according to the invention have a fatty base comprising or consisting substantially of a selectively or unselectively hardened edible oil or fat. In particular embodiments the hardened edible oil or fat can be, for example (e.g.
selectively) hardened butter fat or butter oil (or butterfat stearin), or an (e~g. selectively) hardened edible non-lauric oil.
The selective (or unselective) hardening can be carried out to the point at which the fat has a conven-ient slip melting point, e.g. 27 -34~C though higher and lower melting points may be usable in some circumstances, e.g. 24~ -42C, 25 -40C. The hardened oil or fat can form 100% of the fat of the confection, for example, or if desired somewhat less, e.g. 80-90% or 95%, if desired.
It is found that such fat coatings and zones for frozen confections can give good pliability and impermeability to moisture at low temperatures, thus enabling the production of frozen confections including ba~ed or crisp components with desirably long shelf-lines at low temperatures.
The confectionery coating compositions can for example be made up with a fat content of 30-70% by weight, e.g.
about 45% fat, 35-45~ sugar, and 12-16% cocoa powder (e.g.
10/12~ fat content cocoa powder). The presence of other fats besides those specified above is not excluded.
Optional further additives include for example milk solids, emulsifiers and flavourants.
In the production processes according to the invention the fat coatings and zones can conveniently be applied by spraying, e.g. from an atomising spray gun. Illustrative embodiments of the products and processes of the invention are given below by way of example only.
Example 6 A confectionery coating composition was made up using the following constituents :
Hardened butterfat 45%
Cocoa powder ~10/12~ 16.3%
Sugar 38.7~
- 23 - Q.1019 Flavouring trace The hardened butterfat for the composition had been made as follows:
Butterfat was neutralised with 10% of 0.2N caustic soda~ washed free of soap and bleached with 0.3% Tonsil Standard FE and 0.2~ of filter aid at 105C.
The resulting oil was hardened at 180C with 0.23%
nickel as GK~s catalyst (sulphur-poisoned nickel), at 3 bar hydrogen pressure for about one hour, until a slip melting pint increase of 1C had been achieved. (~he process may be followed by measurement of refractive index, when the ND65 changed by about 0.001 during the course of the reaction).
Post-refining was performed with a 10% O.lN caustic soda wash until the prod~ct was soap-free, bleaching as in the pretreatment, and finally a deodorisation for five hours at 180C~ 0.1~ fresh lecithin was added as antioxidant. The product hac sli? melting pont 33 -34C.
Confectionery wafer containers were passed along a conveyor of an apparatus having sequential coating and filling stations.
At the coating station, each container had a 0.5 mm thick layer of chocolate-flavoured fatty coating composition as prepared above applied to its internal surfaces from a downwardly-directed atomising spray gun (from DeVilbiss Limited) arranged to deliver a spray of the molten coating ~held prior to spraying at 43C~ into the open top of the container.
After application of the coating, each container was shifted to a filling station where a dose of ice~cream or non-dairy ice confection mix at -4C to -5C was dosed into the coated container. Finally the composite confection was further frozen and hardened at -26C for 30-45 minutes.
Its further treatmment, additional decoration or further wrapping was conventional and forms no part of this invention. It was found that the product of this Example - 24 - Q.1019 could be stored for a satisfactorily long time without unacceptable moistening of the wafer by water from the ice-cream or non-dairy ice.
Example 7 - 9 Example 6 was repeated except for the composition of the fatty confectionery coating. For the coating composition in each Example, the following edible oils were selectively hardened in a similar way to that described above, and to the following slip melting points:
Example 7 groundnut oil s.m.p. 27~C
Example 8 soyabean oil s.m.p. 39C
Example 9 low-erucic ;
rapeseed oil s.m.p. 31C
.:
The resulting hardened oils were incorporated and treated in an otherwise similar way to Example 6, and the resulting confections had good storage life together with satisfactory textural and flavour characteristics on consumption.
The confectionery coating compositions described above containing the above-specified fat compositions can advantageously be sprayed onto ice confection or other confectionery material to be used in conjunction therewith le.g. a wafer or baked container for ice confection) by means of an atomising spray gun, as in Examples given below. Examples 1 and 6 illustrate embodiments of processes and products in accordance with the invention :
the remaining Examples further illustrate fat compositions suitable for use in such processes and products.
Example_l A fat composition was prepared by blending ( in :
conventional manner) refined palm kernel oil (50~ by weight) and a commercially obtainable diacetylated long-chain saturated monoglyceride (C16 and C18) of slip ~ ~.
. .
:, 3~
~ Q.1019 melting point about 44C (50% by weight).
This fat composition was used in accordance with the invention to make a dark chocolate-flavoured confectionery coating somposition containing 50% of the fat composition;
36.5% sugar (sucrose); 13% cocoa powder (12/12~ fat content); and the balance a minor amount of flavourant and emulsifier.
The resulting confectionery coating composition was used as described below for spray-coating in the manufacture of composite ice confections and gave good texture combined with excellent processing qualities, and good resistance to permeation of moisture. Confectionery wafer containers were passed along a conveyor of an apparatus having sequential coating and filling stations.
At the coating station, each container had a 0.5 mm thick layer of chocolate-flavoured fatty coating composition as prepared a~ove applied to its internal surfaces fro~ a downwardlv-directed atomising spray gun (from DeVilbiss Limited) arranged to deliver a spra~ of the molten coating (held prior to spraying at 43C~ into the open top of the container.
After application of the coating, each container was shifted to a filling station where a dose of ice cream or non~dairy ice confection mix at -4C to -5C was dosed into the coated container. Finally the composite confection was further frozen and hardened at -26C for 30-45 minutes~
Its further treatment, additional decoration or further wrapping was conventional and forms no part of this invention. It was found that the product was sufficiently resistant to undesired moisture transport from the ice confection to the wafer as to retain its crispness for some months in frozen storage.
Many further useful compositions of the invention can, by way of example but not limitation, be made by using e.g. 55-85~ of the lauric ~at or oil, and e.g. 45-15%, of the non-lauric oil. For example, we ha~e found that man~
- 12 - Q.1019 such compositions made with 50-75% lauric fat or oil, e.g. ;~
palm kernel oil or coconut oil, and 50-25% non-lauric oil, e.g. palm oil, or rapeseed oil, e.g. low-erucic rapeseed oil, can show particular utility as fatty bases for enrobing confectionery coating compositions (or couvertures). These can be based for example on 30-70%, e.g. 30-55~, e.g. about 45% of the fat, together with ;
sweetening and flavouring agents such as sugar and cocoa powder and optionally milk solids, to give a suspension in the fat of such solid agents. It is understood that such ~ ;
additional ingredients may include further and maybe different fat.
Many further examples of useful compositions can have a major proportion, e.g. up to 85%, or below 90~, of the non-lauric fat or oil in the interesterified blend.
These fat compositions can, for example, be particularly useful in making coatings to be ap~lied to ice confections by dipping.
A particularly desirable fat in this category comprises a randomly interesterifiecl blend of palm kernel oil (PRO) and rapeseed oil (RS0), especially in or about the proportions PRO 82.5:RSO 17.5 by weight: the rapeseed oil is preferably selectively hardened to a slip melting point in a desired range, e.g. about 25-32C, such as about ~ ;~
~5-27C. ;;
When rapeseed oil, e~g. low-erucic rapeseed oil, is used as the non-lauric oil its preferred proportions before interesterification are in the range 50-25-15% by weight;
especially about 18% by weight.
~urther ~xamples of suitable fats in this category : : -given for illustration but without limitation are~
ta) an interesterified blend of palm kernel oil and Iow-erucic rapeseed oil (PKO 60:40 RSO): the rapeseed oil is preferably selectively hardened to a slip melting point in a desired range, ecg. about 27C; ~ ;
(b) an interesterified blend of coconut oil (CNO~ and ~;
'~
~ ~ ~ 3~ ~ 3 - 13 - Q.1019 rapeseed oil (CNO 82.5:17.5 RSO): the rapeseed oil is preferably selectively hardened to a slip melting point in a desired range, e.g. about 26C.
Of course it is understood that in such interesterified blends other sources of acyl groups can be substituted for those quoted and for one another if their proportions and types of acyl groups are sufficiently similar, without regard to their ide~tical trig~yceri~e combination or isomeric analysis. As an example, palm oil can in such compositions be substituted often by lard.
~ ny of the fat compositions described above can be used according to the invention as components of confectionery coating compositions comprising a base of the edible interesterified fat (or fatty mixture comprising it) with a suspension therein of solid sweetening and flavouring agents, e.g. sugar and coca powder or substitutes therefor. Optionally milk solids, e~ulsifiers and other additives can be present. The fat content of the coating compositions can, for example, be in the range 30-70~ by weight, e.g~ about 45-60%.
These coating compositions can be applied to make rozen confection composites according to the invention in any suitable manner, e.g. dipping or enrobing.
Examples 2 _nd 3 (A) Preparation of fat compositions Crude low-erucic rapeseed oil was neutralised with 0.8N NaOH. After a water wash, the oil was boiled with 1.5% its weight of 6N soda ash and 1% by weight of a sodium silicate solution for 30 minutes at 105C, then washed free of soap and dried. Bleaching was carried out with 1%
Tonsil Standard FF (Trade Mark) bleaching compound 20 minutes at 105C under vacuum. The neutralised bleached oil was deodorised 30 minutes at 1~0C.
The rapeseed oil so treated was blended with fully-refined palm kernel oil in the weight ratio 40 rapeseed oil to 60 palm kernel oil in a first case (Example - 14 - Q.1019 2) and 50 to 50 in a second case (Example 3~. Batches of the blends were interesterified continuously with 0.05~ by weight sodium catalyst at 125C for 4 minutes. The product oil was then added to a vessel partly filled with diluted phosphoric acid (to neutralise excess sodium). The treated product oil ~interesterified blends) were washed with 0.2N
NaOH and water; when free of soap the blends were dried and filtered over 0.2% Hyflow (Trade Mark) filter aid.
Batches of the blends were selectively hardened under agitation in an autoclave fitted with six-blade turbine stirrer and four baffles. Hydrogen was blown into the headspace of the autoclave. Hardening was carried out at ;~
180C with 0~5% by weight of sulphur-poisoned nickel catalyst at 3-5 kg/cm H
2 pressure. The blends were hardened to slip melting-points of 26.8C ~Example 2) and 26.7C (Example 3). The selectively hardened interesterified blends were neutralised, freed of soap, dried, bleached and deodorised in a similar manner as before. At 60C, 0.1% fresh lecithin was added to each as antioxidant.
The properties o~ the fats prepared as described above ~ ;
were found to conform desirably with those described in the above specification as those of the invention.
~B) Preparation of confectionery coating compositions and ice confections Using normal refining and conching procedures, the fat compositions prepared according to the invention in Examples 2(A) and 3(A) were made up into confectionery coating compositions containing 43.6~ of the respective fat, 39.9% sugar, 16% cocoa powder (10/12% fat) and 0.5 lecithin, with optional flavourant to taste. These compositions were found to have highly desirable physical ~ ; ;
properties when used to coat ice confections (e.g. using an ice-briquette enrober and 40C coating temperature) and the flavour and mouthfeel characteristics of the products were found to compare satisfactorily with those of products~
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:: ~
` ~
3~3 - 15 ~ Q.1019 based on 20% cocoa-butter fat.
Example 4 (i) Crude palm kernel oil (FFA = 5.1~) and rapeseed oil (FFA = 3.2%, erucic acid content 37.2) were neutralised separately with 4~ NaOH, and 4 times as much water. The rapeseed oil was further boiled with soda ash and silicate.
The oils were washed free of soap and dried. A blend of the refined oils in the proportions palm kernel oil 82.5%
and rapeseed oil 170 5% was bleached with 1% Tonsil Standard FF bleaching compound 20 minutes at 105C under vacuum.
The blend was filtered at 80C. The filtered bleached product was interesterified continuously with 0.05% by weight sodium methoxide catalyst at 1~5C for 4 minutes and transferred to a neutraliser vessel partly filled with dilute phosphoric acid. After washing with 0.2N NaO~ and water, and after drying, the product was filtered with a commercial filter aid. Two batches o~ the blend were selectively hardened at 180C. 3 kg/cm2 H~ pressure, and under strong agitation, with sulphur poisoned nickel catalyst at 0.2~ (Example 4(i)A) and 0.5% (Example 4ti)B) respectively. The respective slip melting points achieved after 120 and 150 minutes respectively hardening times were ~6,8C (Example 4(i)(A) and 26~6C (Example 4(i)B). The hardened blends were neutralised, washed free of soap and dried; then they were bleached, filtered, and deodorised (200C, 4 hours). After cooling to 60C, O.l~ by weight fresh lecithin antioxidant was added.
(ii) Confectionery coatings were produced from each fat, using the following ingredients:
9~33 ~ 16 - Q.1019 Coating:- A B C
Sugar 25.6% 20.8% 15.4%
Cocoa powder 12.9%
(12/12% fat) Cocoa powder 20/22% fat) - 10.6% 7.8%
Skim milk powder 1.7% - -~at Ex.4(i)A - 68.3% 76.5%
Fat E x . 4 ( i ) B 5 9 . 3 96 Emulsifier 0. 5% - 3~ 0~ 3%
(Total fat) (60.7%) (70~5%)~78.1~) Coatings A and B were used to dip-coat ice cream briquettes/lollipops at 20 strokes per minute on a machine operating at immersion time 0.7 seconds, coating bath temperature 36C, ice cream temperature immediately before : :
dipping (surface) -15C, (interior) -23C. ~:
Coating C was used to dip-coa~ ice cream briquettes/
lollipops at 140 strokes/minute using 1.5 seconds immersion time, coating bath temperature 29C, ice cream surface temperature -9C, interior temperature -24C.
In all cases the ice bars weighed about 279 with 110 overrun. Excellent non-brittle coatings were produced without defects in an extended trial run, while a standard coating based on coconut oil (59.3~) gave by comparison poor coverage, blobs, and caused smearing o some wrappers.
Coatings A, B and C gave brittleness times of 64, 85 and : :
100 seconds by comparison with 32 seconds for the standard `'' : '. :
~3~93 - 17 - Q. 1019 coconut oil-based coating. These brittleness times were not directly related to setting times: the fastest coating to set had in ~act the longest brittleness time.
The invention is not limited to the use of the materials particularly mentioned above. Further particular examples of useful interesterified fat compositions, e.g.
for coatings intended to be sprayed, contain 15-45% of the lauric fat or oil, e.g. interesterified blends of palm kernel oil and cottonseed oil (15%:85%) selectively harde~ed to slip melting point 25 -29C; or palm kernel oil and low-erucic rapeseed oil (15%:~5%), selectively hardened to slip melting point 25 -29C. In each case as in the other cases described above the non-lauric oil can in part or even wholly be substituted by alternative materials, e.g. other non-lauric oils, or tallow olein, or palm olein.
The example com?ositions described in the above Exam?les gave good results in terms of easy processability and lack of the usual undesirable degree of brittleness.
Such compositions of low brittleness as those described in this specification can advantageously be used to coat a number of edible products where coating flexibility is required at low temperatures. The compositions preferably have a brittleness time (when tested as described below) of at least 45 seconds/ e.g. at least 60 seconds or even more than 80 seconds.
According to a further aspect of the invention, we use fat compositions comprising triglycerides of which a major or minor portion of the acyl groups (by number) are short chain (C~6) acyl groups and a major or minor portion of the acyl groups (by number) are long chain (C~123 acyl groups. In the embodiments described below, the short chain (C~) acyl groups form less than 2/3 (by number) of the total acyl groups o~ the triglycerides~ The short and long chain acyl groups are substantially randomly distributed amongst the triglycerides of the fat 39~3 - 18 - Q~1019 composition. In the embodiments described below, this random distribution is achieved (a) by mixing of heterogeneous glycerides, i.e. those having dissimilar aeyl groups at least at twv of the substitution positions of each glyceryl moiety, and/or (b) by interesterification of a mixture of unlike glycerides.
Techniques for interesterification, e.g. with sodium methoxide catalyst, are known per se, in themselves form no part of this invention, and require no further description, though particular manners of carrying out in~eresterification are shown below.
The fats preferred of one category of those used according to the invention are triglyceride mixtures comprising a major proportion of acyl groups derived from lauric fats or oils, or non-laurie fats or oils (optionally hydrogenated unselectively or else selectively hardened), and a minor proportion by number of acyl groups with substantially short chain lengths/ e.g. u~ to C6.
Preferably all or nearly all the short chain acyl groups are present in mixed triglycerides eontaining both short and long chains. So, for example, when palm kernel oil is used as a component of the fat, either alone, or in blend with, or in interesterified mixture with another laurie fat or oil or a non-laurie fat or oil, the short chain aeyl groups can be introdueed by interesterification with for example glyceryl triacetate or glyceryl tributyrate or glyceryl trihexanoate, or they ean be introduced by blending (and optional interesterification) with an acetylated long chain monoglyceride or diglyceride, or a long chain mono- or di-glyceride acylated with short chain acyl ~roups.
Pre~erably the short chain acyl groups form up to about 20% by number of the total acyl groups of the triglyceride mixture.
Where ~he short chain acyl groups are acetyl groups, they are preferably present at up to the equivalent of the ~ 3~ 3 - 19 - Q.1019 number of acyl groups that would be provided by 5% by weight triacetin in tripalmitin or a mainl~ palmitic fat or oil, suitably up to 3~ by weight, e.g. 2% by weight.
Where the short chain acyl groups are butyryl or hexanoyl groups they are preferably present at up to the equivalent of the number of acyl groups that would be provided by 10%
by weight glyceryl trihexanoate in tripalmitin or a mainly palmitic fat or oil, suitably up to 5% by weight.
Suitable examples of fats of this type, given for illustration and not limitation, are:
(a) an interesterified blend of 37% palm kernel oil and 3%
triacetin (by weight), which can be selectively hardened to a slip melting point in a suitable range, e.g. about 25.5C.
(b) an interesterified blend of 90~ coconut oil and 10~
butterfat. (From this last example it can be seen that a natural source, i.e. in this case butterfat, can be used for the short chain ac~l groups, the proportion of the respective material chosen in dependence on its content of such acyl groups.) The use of hardened lauric oils gives fats with higher slip melting point than when untreated lauric oils are used. When hardened lauric oils are used, somewhat more short chains can be present than otherwise, since one effect of these is to lower the slip melting point.
The preferred fats of this category have been fo~nd particularly suitable for the preparation of confectionery coating compositions as illustrated below when the compositions are intended to be applied to a frozen confection by a dipping process tit is emphasised however that the compositions are applicable in other ways too).
Further details of the coating compositions are their applications are given for example below.
According to the invention, in another aspect, we use fat composition comprising preferably higher quantities tby number) of the short chain acyl groups compared with those - 20 - Q.1019 preferred compositions described above. The proportion (by number~ of the short chain acyl groups is then preferably less than 2/3 of the total acyl groups.
Fat compositions according to this preferred category can be made by either of the mixture and interesterification methods described above.
One very suitable fat composition comprises a mixture of a lauric fat or oil or a non-lauric fat or oil, (optionally hydrogenated either selectively or unselectively to a desired slip melting point, and preferably present at 23-75% by weight) with a short chain acylated (i.e. preferably diacetylated) long chain monoglyceride, preferably present at 75-25~ by weight). The long chain acyl groups of the short chain acylated monoglyceride can be derived from any source- C18 saturated (stearyl) groups can be used, or optionally shorter chains or unsaturated chains can be present. In particularly preferred embodiments, palm kernel oil and/or cottonseed oil, preferably at about 50% are blended with acetylated C16 and/or C18 monoglyceride, substantially saturated. A substantially equivalent embodiment can if desired by produced by interesterifying a mixture with corresponding acyl content differently distributed.
The preferred fats of this category have been found particularly suitable for the preparation of confectionery coating compositions as illustrated below when the compositions are intended to be used in frozen confection manufacture by spraying or injection. (It is emphasised however that the compositions are applicable in other ways too). Further details of the coating compositions and their application are given for example below.
Slip melting points of the fat compositions can for example be in the range 24 -42~C: these viscosities can be chosen according to the desired method of application of the coatings derived therefrom.
Further Examples of fat compositions suitable for use 3~33 - 21 - Q.1019 in processes and products in accordance with the invention are given below.
Example 5 (i) Refined palm kernel oil and commercial food-grade triacetin were blended in the ratios of 97:3 respectively.
A batch of the blend was interesterified in a vessel fitted with a powerful stirrer, N2inlet and temperature control, by heating to 110C under N2, agitation and injection of completion of the reaction: agitation was maintained for 30 minutes. The product was washed with 1% acetic acid solution, followed by water washing to remove catalyst and scap, then dried. Completion of interesterification was checked by GLC of the triglycerides.
The product was given a slight selective hardening over sulphur-poisoned nickel catalyst to a slip melting-point of 25.5C. Postrefining was carried out by bleaching ~ith 2. C300 bleaching earth at 110C under N2 for 30 ~inutes. 1~ of kieselguhr was added to the cooled product anà the whole filtered. After deodorisation (180C under vacuuum for 4 hours) and addition of 0.1% lecithin the product interesterified blend was made up into confectionery coating compositions.
(ii) A couverture composition intended especially but not exclusively for the dip-coating of ice confections was made up with the following ingredients: fat blend prepared in Example 5(i) 59.3%; sugar 25.6%; cocoa powder (10/12%
fat content) 12.9~; skimmed milk powder 1.7~; emulsifier 0.5%; optional flavour to taste.
Ice con~ection briquettes were coated in similar manner to that described in the description of the test for brittleness time given below. The resulting products were made with excellent processing and consumer characteristics and showed a brittleness time of about 75 seconds.
Further examples of the compositions which can be used according to the invention have a fatty base comprising or consisting substantially of a selectively or unselectively hardened edible oil or fat. In particular embodiments the hardened edible oil or fat can be, for example (e.g.
selectively) hardened butter fat or butter oil (or butterfat stearin), or an (e~g. selectively) hardened edible non-lauric oil.
The selective (or unselective) hardening can be carried out to the point at which the fat has a conven-ient slip melting point, e.g. 27 -34~C though higher and lower melting points may be usable in some circumstances, e.g. 24~ -42C, 25 -40C. The hardened oil or fat can form 100% of the fat of the confection, for example, or if desired somewhat less, e.g. 80-90% or 95%, if desired.
It is found that such fat coatings and zones for frozen confections can give good pliability and impermeability to moisture at low temperatures, thus enabling the production of frozen confections including ba~ed or crisp components with desirably long shelf-lines at low temperatures.
The confectionery coating compositions can for example be made up with a fat content of 30-70% by weight, e.g.
about 45% fat, 35-45~ sugar, and 12-16% cocoa powder (e.g.
10/12~ fat content cocoa powder). The presence of other fats besides those specified above is not excluded.
Optional further additives include for example milk solids, emulsifiers and flavourants.
In the production processes according to the invention the fat coatings and zones can conveniently be applied by spraying, e.g. from an atomising spray gun. Illustrative embodiments of the products and processes of the invention are given below by way of example only.
Example 6 A confectionery coating composition was made up using the following constituents :
Hardened butterfat 45%
Cocoa powder ~10/12~ 16.3%
Sugar 38.7~
- 23 - Q.1019 Flavouring trace The hardened butterfat for the composition had been made as follows:
Butterfat was neutralised with 10% of 0.2N caustic soda~ washed free of soap and bleached with 0.3% Tonsil Standard FE and 0.2~ of filter aid at 105C.
The resulting oil was hardened at 180C with 0.23%
nickel as GK~s catalyst (sulphur-poisoned nickel), at 3 bar hydrogen pressure for about one hour, until a slip melting pint increase of 1C had been achieved. (~he process may be followed by measurement of refractive index, when the ND65 changed by about 0.001 during the course of the reaction).
Post-refining was performed with a 10% O.lN caustic soda wash until the prod~ct was soap-free, bleaching as in the pretreatment, and finally a deodorisation for five hours at 180C~ 0.1~ fresh lecithin was added as antioxidant. The product hac sli? melting pont 33 -34C.
Confectionery wafer containers were passed along a conveyor of an apparatus having sequential coating and filling stations.
At the coating station, each container had a 0.5 mm thick layer of chocolate-flavoured fatty coating composition as prepared above applied to its internal surfaces from a downwardly-directed atomising spray gun (from DeVilbiss Limited) arranged to deliver a spray of the molten coating ~held prior to spraying at 43C~ into the open top of the container.
After application of the coating, each container was shifted to a filling station where a dose of ice~cream or non-dairy ice confection mix at -4C to -5C was dosed into the coated container. Finally the composite confection was further frozen and hardened at -26C for 30-45 minutes.
Its further treatmment, additional decoration or further wrapping was conventional and forms no part of this invention. It was found that the product of this Example - 24 - Q.1019 could be stored for a satisfactorily long time without unacceptable moistening of the wafer by water from the ice-cream or non-dairy ice.
Example 7 - 9 Example 6 was repeated except for the composition of the fatty confectionery coating. For the coating composition in each Example, the following edible oils were selectively hardened in a similar way to that described above, and to the following slip melting points:
Example 7 groundnut oil s.m.p. 27~C
Example 8 soyabean oil s.m.p. 39C
Example 9 low-erucic ;
rapeseed oil s.m.p. 31C
.:
The resulting hardened oils were incorporated and treated in an otherwise similar way to Example 6, and the resulting confections had good storage life together with satisfactory textural and flavour characteristics on consumption.
Claims (10)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1) A composite frozen confection comprising ice confection in contact with a layer of fat-based confectionery composition comprising a suspension of flavouring and sweetening solids in a fat base, arranged to separate the ice confection from a dry edible confection such as wafer, wherein the fat base essentially includes a fat composition having:
(a) solids content index (SCI) values (%) in each of the following ranges:
70 - 93 at -20°C;
65 - 93 at -10°C;
55 - 90 at 0°C;
15 - 40 at 20°C;
0 - 12 at 30°C;
0 at 40°C;
(b) slip melting point in the range 25° - 45°C;
(c) viscosity (when measured at 40°C) corresponding to ? 100 at least 35 centipoise, and ? CA at least 30 centipoise; and (d) a coating pliability parameter of at least 3.
(a) solids content index (SCI) values (%) in each of the following ranges:
70 - 93 at -20°C;
65 - 93 at -10°C;
55 - 90 at 0°C;
15 - 40 at 20°C;
0 - 12 at 30°C;
0 at 40°C;
(b) slip melting point in the range 25° - 45°C;
(c) viscosity (when measured at 40°C) corresponding to ? 100 at least 35 centipoise, and ? CA at least 30 centipoise; and (d) a coating pliability parameter of at least 3.
2) A composite confection according to claim 1, wherein said fat composition has SCI values (%) in each of the following ranges;
75 - 90 at-20°C;
75 - 85 at-10°C;
65 - 75 at 0°C.
75 - 90 at-20°C;
75 - 85 at-10°C;
65 - 75 at 0°C.
3) A composite confection according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said fat composition has a viscosity (when measured at 40°C) corresponding to ? 100 at least 40 centipoise and ? CA at least 33 centipoise.
4) A composite confection according to claim 1, wherein the fatty base comprises a fat composition essentially consisting of triglycerides in which less than 2/3 by number of the acyl groups are short-chain (C?6) acyl groups and more than 1/3 by number of the acyl groups are long chain (C?12) acyl groups, substantially randomly distributed amongst the triglycerides.
5) A composite confection according to claim 4, wherein fat composition is selected from (a) blends of 25-75%
lauric or non-lauric fat or oil with 75%-25% short-chain diacylated long chain monoglyceride, and (b) interesterified blends of lauric or non-lauric fat or oil with up to 10% short-chain triglyceride.
lauric or non-lauric fat or oil with 75%-25% short-chain diacylated long chain monoglyceride, and (b) interesterified blends of lauric or non-lauric fat or oil with up to 10% short-chain triglyceride.
6) A composite confection according to claim 1, wherein the fatty base comprises a fat composition selected from hardened butter fat, hardened low-erucic rapeseed oil, hardened groundnut oil, or hardened soyabean oil, each having a slip melting point in the range 27° - 34°C.
7) A composite confection according to claim 6, wherein the fat composition has a slip melting point above 31°C.
8) A composite confection according to claim 1, characterised in that the fatty base comprises an interesterified blend of (a) 15-45% (by weight) lauric fat or oil with (b) 85 - 55% (by weight) non-lauric oil other than palm oil, or an interesterified blend of (a) 15-55%
lauric fat or oil with (b) 85-45% palm oil.
lauric fat or oil with (b) 85-45% palm oil.
9) A process for producing a composite frozen confection which comprises compositing ice confection with a layer of fat-based confectionery-composition comprising a suspension of flavouring and sweetening solids in a fat base, said layer being arranged to separate the ice confection from a dry edible confection such as wafer, characterised in that there is included in the fat base a composition as defined in claim 1, 4 or 5.
10) A process for producing a composite frozen confection which comprises compositing ice confection with a layer of fat-based confectionery-composition comprising a suspension of flavouring and sweetening solids in a fat base, said layer being arranged to separate the ice confection from a dry edible confection such as wafer, characterised in that there is included in the fat base a composition as defined in claim 6, 7 and 8.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000358432A CA1143993A (en) | 1980-08-18 | 1980-08-18 | Composite ice confections and processes for preparing them |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000358432A CA1143993A (en) | 1980-08-18 | 1980-08-18 | Composite ice confections and processes for preparing them |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1143993A true CA1143993A (en) | 1983-04-05 |
Family
ID=4117665
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000358432A Expired CA1143993A (en) | 1980-08-18 | 1980-08-18 | Composite ice confections and processes for preparing them |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1143993A (en) |
-
1980
- 1980-08-18 CA CA000358432A patent/CA1143993A/en not_active Expired
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