CA1143234A - Self locking valve seat insert - Google Patents
Self locking valve seat insertInfo
- Publication number
- CA1143234A CA1143234A CA000340476A CA340476A CA1143234A CA 1143234 A CA1143234 A CA 1143234A CA 000340476 A CA000340476 A CA 000340476A CA 340476 A CA340476 A CA 340476A CA 1143234 A CA1143234 A CA 1143234A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- flange
- valve seat
- insert
- metal
- cylinder head
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L3/22—Valve-seats not provided for in preceding subgroups of this group; Fixing of valve-seats
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Lift Valve (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A valve seat insert for installation in cylinder heads of internal combustion engines which includes a pilot flange, an annular groove and a looking flange by which the valve seat insert is locked into the cylinder head.
A valve seat insert for installation in cylinder heads of internal combustion engines which includes a pilot flange, an annular groove and a looking flange by which the valve seat insert is locked into the cylinder head.
Description
3 1 ~14323~
BACX(;P~OUND t)F THE INVI~NTI~N
Field of the Invention The present invention relates to valve seats and ¦ ~articularly to self lockin~ valve seats for use in internal ¦combustion en~ines.
'? :!
10 ~ Descri~tion of the Prior ~rt It has been common knowledqe in the art that success-ful performance of a valve seat insert requires that there be intimate contact with the surroundinq engine material so that :.
adequate heat transfer may occur between the ~nsert and the I englne-The prob~em of heat transfer is also involved with the problem of securely fastening the valve seat insert in the cylinder head of the en~ine.
¦ ~ As a means to improve the economy of the Otto 20 ¦ty~e internal combustion enaine, auto manufacturers have ~ lattemnted to switch from cast iron to aluminum block and/or ; ¦aluminum head en~ines. This switch has accentuated the Droblems ,G I associated with heat transfer and securely fastenin~ valve ¦seats in the cylinder heads.
number o~ solutions have been tried in the past ¦~ith limited success. Valve seats which are ~ressed into counterbores and then locked in place with various devices have 'heen used. These have not proved entirely satisfactory Ibecause of heat transfer ~roblems, resultin~ from the buildup 30 lof corrosion and carbon de~osits around the insert and its fasteninn device.
///
.' . I
D
~143234 1 ¦ Self tan~inq threads have been used on valve seat
BACX(;P~OUND t)F THE INVI~NTI~N
Field of the Invention The present invention relates to valve seats and ¦ ~articularly to self lockin~ valve seats for use in internal ¦combustion en~ines.
'? :!
10 ~ Descri~tion of the Prior ~rt It has been common knowledqe in the art that success-ful performance of a valve seat insert requires that there be intimate contact with the surroundinq engine material so that :.
adequate heat transfer may occur between the ~nsert and the I englne-The prob~em of heat transfer is also involved with the problem of securely fastening the valve seat insert in the cylinder head of the en~ine.
¦ ~ As a means to improve the economy of the Otto 20 ¦ty~e internal combustion enaine, auto manufacturers have ~ lattemnted to switch from cast iron to aluminum block and/or ; ¦aluminum head en~ines. This switch has accentuated the Droblems ,G I associated with heat transfer and securely fastenin~ valve ¦seats in the cylinder heads.
number o~ solutions have been tried in the past ¦~ith limited success. Valve seats which are ~ressed into counterbores and then locked in place with various devices have 'heen used. These have not proved entirely satisfactory Ibecause of heat transfer ~roblems, resultin~ from the buildup 30 lof corrosion and carbon de~osits around the insert and its fasteninn device.
///
.' . I
D
~143234 1 ¦ Self tan~inq threads have been used on valve seat
2 linserts as in U..~. 3,868,953 to overcome heat transfer and
3 Isecure fastening ~roblems. While partially solving those
4 Iproblems this method has in-roduced new problems of alignment
5 land cost of manufacture. Furthermore, rePlacement of the
6!linsert with the self-cutting thread sometimes results in a
7 lloose valve seat since the new insert may not fit tightly
8 !into the threadways formed by the ~reviously used valve seat
9 linsert.
10 1 The method currently used for insertion of valve
11 jseat inserts is to lower the temDerature of a machined insert
12 ¦by immersion in li~uid nitrogen. Then heat the cylinder head
13 Ito ex~and the machined opening and then force the insert into
14 the opening.
15l 1~1hen the insert and cylinder head reach ambient tem~erature a tight fit results with good heat transfer 17 Icharacteristics. However, this method is exDensive since it ¦invoves rigid manufacturing tolerances and the use of cryogenic 91e~uinment and the handling of liquid nitrogen. There is also a safety hazard involved in handling liquid nitrogen as ~art 21, of a larqe production scale operation.
22 . Also, while this cryogenic procedure has Droved 23 satisfactorv for initial en~ine Production oDerations, it 2~ Idoes not solve the problem of reDlacinn valve seats in the field.
. 29!
~0 1 -` 31 ,:
S~MMAR~ OF THE INVENTION
Therefore this invention provides a simple economical valve seat insert capable of easy, inexpensive insertion in cylinderheads ~f internal combustion engines. The valve seat insert is self locking into intimate contact with the surrounding r material of the cylinder head and provides a valve seat insert with improved heat transfer characteristics.
Also the self locking valve seat insert of this invention can be removed and replaced in the field with common tools available at most service garages.
The present invention achieves these advantages and others by providing a valve seat insert with a pilot flange to guide the insert into a prebored hole in the cylinder head into which it snuggly fits. A locking flange of greater diameter than the pilot flange and the prebored hole is provided. The locking flange contains longitudinal serrations around the circumference thereof and a forming edge. One shbulder of the locking flange and a shoulder of the pilot flange define an annular groove into which displaced metal from the cylinder head is packed.
When the valve seat insert is forced into the cylinder -head the forming edge of the shoulder of the locking flange swages metal from the sides of the prebored hole, packing the displaced metal into the annular groove preventing axial movement of the insert when in place. The serrations around the circum-ference cut grooves into the walls of the cylinder head and are locked into intimate contact with the cylinder .
- B, ' . ~ ;
. -" ; 114323~
jheacl in these ~rooves, preventinq rotational m~vement and insurinq maximu~ heat transfer between the valve seat insert and the cylinder head.
In those instances in which rotational movement ;lis not a`nroblem or in which the rotational forces are minimal, the serrations may be omitted from the lockin~ flan~e. In that mode (not illustrated) the lockin~ flange shoulder by ¦swa~in~ meta1 into the annular groove forms a metal to metal llock Dreventing axial movement and resistin~ rotational 10 Imovement.
¦ Prom the following description taken in conjunction with the accomoanying drawings, the features and advantages o~ this invention will become apparent.
.. l .
, I .
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.. . .
.. ~) :
~143234 1 DF.SCRIPTION OF THE D~lAWIN(~7S
2`
3 Fig. 1 is a nartial cross-section side plan view 4 ! f the self locking valve seat.
5 I Fiq. 2 is a top plan view of the self locking valve 6 seat.
7 Fi~. 3 is a ~artially sectione~l view of a cylinder 8 head with a self locking fastener in Place.
g 19 1 , 20l i I
'~ 29'1 :, 01 '~ 31 :~ 32 1 ' I - 6-;
DESC~I~TION OF THE PREFERR~D EMBODIMENTS
; Referring now to the drawings for an understanding of the invention, particularly to the embodiment in Fig. 1 and 2.
A cylindrical ring 10 has a valve seat formed in its upper face 16. Pilot flange 12 designed to guide the ring 10 into a pre-bored hole in cylinder head 20, is formed in the lower portion of ring 10.
Lead edge 12 is beveled towards the lower face 17 to facilitate entry into the prebored hole. A locking flange 13 greater in diameter than pilot flange 10 has a forming shoulder 14 opposite the valve seat face, the purpose of which will be clearly described below. The locking flange's diameter is preferably not less than 0.005 of an inch greater or more than i 0.15 of an inch greater than the diameter of the pilot flange.
The circumference of locking flange 13 is processed to form longitudinal serrations 14A. Between pilot flange 11 and locking flange 13 an annular groove 15 is formed by the shoulders of the two flanges. The self locking valve seat is installed by first drilling a straight sided hole in the cylinder head 20 with a diameter adopted to snuggly accept the pilot flange 11. Fitting 10 is placed above the prebored hole.
Pilot flange 11 is inserted in the hole. Insertion pressure is then applied to valve seat face 16. Forming shoulder 14 dis-places metal which flows into annular groove 15. Serrations 14A cut cooperating grooves in cylinder head 20 locking the , valve seat 10 in place preventing radial movement. The metal ,r displaced from the cylinder head 20 is packed into annular ; groove 15 forming a metal to metal lock holding the fitting into position and preventing axial movement outward. Valve seats utilizing the device of this invention have resisted push out forces in excess of 15,000 pounds which exceeds operating engine pressures, ~ 7 -" ' .~ ~
:`
Thus it can be seen that the above device, although simple in construction, fills a long established need and sur-prisingly provides a positively metal to metal lock resistant to high push out pressures. The metal to metal lock also assures efficient heat transfer from valve seat to cylinder wall. The above described self locking valve seat insert can be easily replaced in the event of valve seat failure. The defective valve seat insert 10 is pushed out. A new self lock-ng valve seat insert with longer serrations 14A is then pressed in place to a depth greater by the increased length of the serrations 14A. This will provide sufficient metal flow to pack in said groove 15 to lock the valve seat insert in place so as to resist axial push out. The serrations 14A will mesh with the preformed grooves preventing radial movement.
The tight metal to metal lock will insure excellent heat trans-fer between the valve seat insert and the cylinder head.
While only one embodiment of the invention has been shown and described in detail it is apparent that the invention may be incorporated into valve seat inserts having various different forms and sizes.
Under certain operating conditions where reduced rotational stress is placed upon the guide or in which rotational movement is not objectional, the serrations may be omitted from the locking flange. In those instances (not "!~ ' illustrated) the locking flange forming shoulder 14 is of ; appropriate diameter to flow the proper amount of material from cylinder head 20 so as to pack annular groove 15 with - sufficient material so as to form a metal to metal lock which prevents axial movement and resists rotational movement.
' :-.
` - 8 -.
'"-1~43234 ,1 ` It is also a~arent to those skilled in the art that 2 ~ many chanqes and modifications may be made in the illustrated 3 1 embo(li~ent without deDartin~ from the sco~e of the invention : 4 ', as described in the sDecifications, drawings and claims.
S
6 1 ;
,: 10 1 ~
15l 1~1hen the insert and cylinder head reach ambient tem~erature a tight fit results with good heat transfer 17 Icharacteristics. However, this method is exDensive since it ¦invoves rigid manufacturing tolerances and the use of cryogenic 91e~uinment and the handling of liquid nitrogen. There is also a safety hazard involved in handling liquid nitrogen as ~art 21, of a larqe production scale operation.
22 . Also, while this cryogenic procedure has Droved 23 satisfactorv for initial en~ine Production oDerations, it 2~ Idoes not solve the problem of reDlacinn valve seats in the field.
. 29!
~0 1 -` 31 ,:
S~MMAR~ OF THE INVENTION
Therefore this invention provides a simple economical valve seat insert capable of easy, inexpensive insertion in cylinderheads ~f internal combustion engines. The valve seat insert is self locking into intimate contact with the surrounding r material of the cylinder head and provides a valve seat insert with improved heat transfer characteristics.
Also the self locking valve seat insert of this invention can be removed and replaced in the field with common tools available at most service garages.
The present invention achieves these advantages and others by providing a valve seat insert with a pilot flange to guide the insert into a prebored hole in the cylinder head into which it snuggly fits. A locking flange of greater diameter than the pilot flange and the prebored hole is provided. The locking flange contains longitudinal serrations around the circumference thereof and a forming edge. One shbulder of the locking flange and a shoulder of the pilot flange define an annular groove into which displaced metal from the cylinder head is packed.
When the valve seat insert is forced into the cylinder -head the forming edge of the shoulder of the locking flange swages metal from the sides of the prebored hole, packing the displaced metal into the annular groove preventing axial movement of the insert when in place. The serrations around the circum-ference cut grooves into the walls of the cylinder head and are locked into intimate contact with the cylinder .
- B, ' . ~ ;
. -" ; 114323~
jheacl in these ~rooves, preventinq rotational m~vement and insurinq maximu~ heat transfer between the valve seat insert and the cylinder head.
In those instances in which rotational movement ;lis not a`nroblem or in which the rotational forces are minimal, the serrations may be omitted from the lockin~ flan~e. In that mode (not illustrated) the lockin~ flange shoulder by ¦swa~in~ meta1 into the annular groove forms a metal to metal llock Dreventing axial movement and resistin~ rotational 10 Imovement.
¦ Prom the following description taken in conjunction with the accomoanying drawings, the features and advantages o~ this invention will become apparent.
.. l .
, I .
,, .
' . I .
,,,' ', ~0 : `' ,' , . .
.. . .
.. ~) :
~143234 1 DF.SCRIPTION OF THE D~lAWIN(~7S
2`
3 Fig. 1 is a nartial cross-section side plan view 4 ! f the self locking valve seat.
5 I Fiq. 2 is a top plan view of the self locking valve 6 seat.
7 Fi~. 3 is a ~artially sectione~l view of a cylinder 8 head with a self locking fastener in Place.
g 19 1 , 20l i I
'~ 29'1 :, 01 '~ 31 :~ 32 1 ' I - 6-;
DESC~I~TION OF THE PREFERR~D EMBODIMENTS
; Referring now to the drawings for an understanding of the invention, particularly to the embodiment in Fig. 1 and 2.
A cylindrical ring 10 has a valve seat formed in its upper face 16. Pilot flange 12 designed to guide the ring 10 into a pre-bored hole in cylinder head 20, is formed in the lower portion of ring 10.
Lead edge 12 is beveled towards the lower face 17 to facilitate entry into the prebored hole. A locking flange 13 greater in diameter than pilot flange 10 has a forming shoulder 14 opposite the valve seat face, the purpose of which will be clearly described below. The locking flange's diameter is preferably not less than 0.005 of an inch greater or more than i 0.15 of an inch greater than the diameter of the pilot flange.
The circumference of locking flange 13 is processed to form longitudinal serrations 14A. Between pilot flange 11 and locking flange 13 an annular groove 15 is formed by the shoulders of the two flanges. The self locking valve seat is installed by first drilling a straight sided hole in the cylinder head 20 with a diameter adopted to snuggly accept the pilot flange 11. Fitting 10 is placed above the prebored hole.
Pilot flange 11 is inserted in the hole. Insertion pressure is then applied to valve seat face 16. Forming shoulder 14 dis-places metal which flows into annular groove 15. Serrations 14A cut cooperating grooves in cylinder head 20 locking the , valve seat 10 in place preventing radial movement. The metal ,r displaced from the cylinder head 20 is packed into annular ; groove 15 forming a metal to metal lock holding the fitting into position and preventing axial movement outward. Valve seats utilizing the device of this invention have resisted push out forces in excess of 15,000 pounds which exceeds operating engine pressures, ~ 7 -" ' .~ ~
:`
Thus it can be seen that the above device, although simple in construction, fills a long established need and sur-prisingly provides a positively metal to metal lock resistant to high push out pressures. The metal to metal lock also assures efficient heat transfer from valve seat to cylinder wall. The above described self locking valve seat insert can be easily replaced in the event of valve seat failure. The defective valve seat insert 10 is pushed out. A new self lock-ng valve seat insert with longer serrations 14A is then pressed in place to a depth greater by the increased length of the serrations 14A. This will provide sufficient metal flow to pack in said groove 15 to lock the valve seat insert in place so as to resist axial push out. The serrations 14A will mesh with the preformed grooves preventing radial movement.
The tight metal to metal lock will insure excellent heat trans-fer between the valve seat insert and the cylinder head.
While only one embodiment of the invention has been shown and described in detail it is apparent that the invention may be incorporated into valve seat inserts having various different forms and sizes.
Under certain operating conditions where reduced rotational stress is placed upon the guide or in which rotational movement is not objectional, the serrations may be omitted from the locking flange. In those instances (not "!~ ' illustrated) the locking flange forming shoulder 14 is of ; appropriate diameter to flow the proper amount of material from cylinder head 20 so as to pack annular groove 15 with - sufficient material so as to form a metal to metal lock which prevents axial movement and resists rotational movement.
' :-.
` - 8 -.
'"-1~43234 ,1 ` It is also a~arent to those skilled in the art that 2 ~ many chanqes and modifications may be made in the illustrated 3 1 embo(li~ent without deDartin~ from the sco~e of the invention : 4 ', as described in the sDecifications, drawings and claims.
S
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,: 10 1 ~
15 !
16 1 ; 17 ~ I :
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Claims (4)
OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A valve seat insert comprising a cylindrical metal ring, a locking flange formed at one end of the metal ring, a valve seat formed in the end face of the flange, a pilot flange of less diameter than that of the locking flange formed at the other end of said ring, the outer edge of the end face of the pilot flange being bevelled, an annular groove formed in the metal ring between the locking flange and the pilot flange, a metal forming shoulder formed on the edge of the locking flange adjacent the groove, so that on installation of the insert into an engine cylinder head formed of a metal softer than that of the insert, there is cold formed a metal ring composed of material displaced from the cylinder head and packed into the annular groove by the forming shoulder to form a metal to metal lock.
2. The self locking valve insert of claim 1 in which the diameter of said locking flange is not less than .005 of an inch greater, or more than 0.15 of an inch greater than the diameter of the pilot flange.
3. The self locking valve insert of claim 1 in which the circumference of the locking flange means contains longitudinal serrations.
4. A cylinder head and valve seat insert in combination comprising the insert of any one of claims 1, 2 or 3, in a cylinder head.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US952779A | 1979-02-05 | 1979-02-05 | |
| US009,527 | 1979-02-05 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1143234A true CA1143234A (en) | 1983-03-22 |
Family
ID=21738200
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000340476A Expired CA1143234A (en) | 1979-02-05 | 1979-11-23 | Self locking valve seat insert |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0014285B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5815603B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8000501A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1143234A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2963649D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK46880A (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10117519A1 (en) * | 2001-04-07 | 2002-10-17 | Volkswagen Ag | Internal combustion engine with direct injection and method for operating it |
| JP5529730B2 (en) | 2007-06-13 | 2014-06-25 | ジーケーエヌ シンター メタルズ、エル・エル・シー | Improved tolerance for metal powder parts |
| JP5525858B2 (en) * | 2010-02-26 | 2014-06-18 | 株式会社フジキン | Ball valve |
| JP7022607B2 (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2022-02-18 | 日本ピストンリング株式会社 | Valve seat and connection structure between valve seat and cylinder head |
| CN112943404A (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2021-06-11 | 浙江吉利控股集团有限公司 | Engine valve seat ring and methanol engine |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE710793C (en) * | 1938-06-15 | 1941-09-22 | Porsche Kg | Valve seat insert for internal combustion engines |
| GB1100403A (en) * | 1965-03-17 | 1968-01-24 | Mirrlees Nat Ltd | Improvements in or relating to caged poppet valves for internal combustion engines |
| US3630252A (en) * | 1970-04-27 | 1971-12-28 | Rosan Eng Corp | Stud fastener assembly with integral lockring |
| JPS4812806U (en) * | 1971-06-22 | 1973-02-13 | ||
| DE2164357B2 (en) * | 1971-12-23 | 1980-08-28 | Daimler-Benz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart | Valve seat insert with a thread for screwing into a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine |
| DE2548534C2 (en) * | 1975-10-30 | 1985-04-04 | Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln | Connection of cylinder head and cylinder tube of an internal combustion engine |
-
1979
- 1979-11-16 DE DE7979302609T patent/DE2963649D1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-11-16 EP EP79302609A patent/EP0014285B1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-11-23 CA CA000340476A patent/CA1143234A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-12-27 JP JP54173882A patent/JPS5815603B2/en not_active Expired
-
1980
- 1980-01-25 BR BR8000501A patent/BR8000501A/en unknown
- 1980-02-04 DK DK46880A patent/DK46880A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR8000501A (en) | 1980-10-14 |
| DK46880A (en) | 1980-08-06 |
| JPS55107012A (en) | 1980-08-16 |
| EP0014285B1 (en) | 1982-09-08 |
| DE2963649D1 (en) | 1982-10-28 |
| JPS5815603B2 (en) | 1983-03-26 |
| EP0014285A1 (en) | 1980-08-20 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |