CA1139831A - Drive equipment - Google Patents

Drive equipment

Info

Publication number
CA1139831A
CA1139831A CA000326675A CA326675A CA1139831A CA 1139831 A CA1139831 A CA 1139831A CA 000326675 A CA000326675 A CA 000326675A CA 326675 A CA326675 A CA 326675A CA 1139831 A CA1139831 A CA 1139831A
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
generator
speed
motor
power
limiting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
CA000326675A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Bengt Sinner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Norden Holding AB
Original Assignee
ASEA AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ASEA AB filed Critical ASEA AB
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA1139831A publication Critical patent/CA1139831A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/12Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines using AC generators and DC motors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Abstract

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE:

The invention relates to a drive equipment comprising a power source, an electric generator connected thereto, and an electric motor connected to the generator, the motor being provided with torque controlling members. The generator is arranged to operate at substantially constant voltage and speed, and the equipment comprises limiting members for sensing whether the power taken from the generator exceeds the power from the power source which is available at the moment and, if that is the case, for influencing the torque controlling mem-bers for limiting the motor power.

Description

,. . .

.

Drive e~ui~ment The present invention relates to drive equipment comprising a power source and an electric generator connected thereto, an electric motor connected to the generator, said electrio tor being provided with torque controlling - members for oontrol of the motor torque.
, The power source may, for example, oonsi~t of a gas or steam turbine or a die~el motor. An eleotrio tran~mis~ion of the stated kind, that is, having a generator, conneoted to the power souroe, which supplies an electric tor oonneoted to the driven objeot, i~ known per 6e and offers ~everal advantages. ~he 6peeds of rotation Or the'power source and the driven ob~eot may vary freely independently of each other, and the electric trans-mission makes possible a rapid and simple control of the motor and the driven object. Drive equipment Or th'is kind may be used, for example, as propulsion machinery for land vehicles or vessel~, or for driving an arbitrary obJect.

In power sources of the 6tated kind, the output power can normally only be changed relatively slowly. This i8 especially the case with larger-size units~ in which a time of, for example, ten to twenty seconds i6 required to increase the output power of the power source from a low value to full power. In comparisgn with this,'the motor torque and thus the output power of the generator can be increased practically instantaneously by means of the electric transmission, ~pon a rapid increase of the motor torque, the speed of the generator and the power source will therefore fall, _1_ ~
.. ~

113~

often to a considerable extent, before the power control means of the power source has time to increase the output power of the power source. In power sources of the kind referred to here, the available power decreases with the number of revolutions. Since the speed of the power source in this type of known equipmen-t may drop considerably upon load increases, the power available to the drive motor is therefore considerably reduced. The result is a slow - reduction of, for example, a speed error in the motor, and in difficult cases the result may be that the speed of the power source drops to such a low level that the equipment may fall out of operation.
From US Patent Specification 4,015,187 drive equipment is previously known, in which a DC generator driven by a combustion engine supplies a DC motor. To avoid that the speed of the combustion engine is reduced upon a rapid load increase, the generator voltage and thus the current and torque of the motor are reduced so far that a speed reduction of the combustion engine is avoided, or at least reduced. However, this method has several disadvan-tages.
- First of all, any other load objects possibly connected to the generator are disturbed by a reduction of the generator voltage performed as a result of a load increase of the motor.
Secondly, this method cannot be used in those cases where the motor consists of an AC motor, since a reduction of the generator voltage, especially if the motor is a synchronous motor, may cause the motor to stop entirely.
Thirdly, the method is unsuitable or not possible to use in such equipment where the motor is provided with control members for control of the motor torque ~for example, a static convertor with a current regulator). In g ` - 2 -113983~

this type of equipment, which is frequently used, the control members of the motor will endeavour to maintain the power independent of the generator voltage, and thus counter-act the effect which the reduction of the generator power aims to achieve.
The invention aims to provide drive equipment of the kind stated in the introduction, in which the available power of the power source, also in the case of rapid load increases, is maintained at its maximum value, which makes possible maximum rapldity in the control of the motor.
The invention further aims to provide drive equipment in which the operation of other load objects connected to the generator is subjected to a minimum of disturbances upon - 2a -. ~
. . .. . _.. . _ _ rapid changes of the load of the motor. The invention also aims to provide drive equipment in which motors of arbitrary types, thus also AC motors and motors pro~ided with torque regulators, can be used.
More particularly, the present invention proposes a drive equipment comprising a power source and an electric generator connected thereto, an electric motor connected to the generator, means connected to the power source and to the gene-ratorfor regulating the operation of the generator at substantial-ly constant voltage and speed, the motor being provided with means for controlling its torque,the equipment further comprising means for generating a signal representative of the operation of the generator and limiting means responsive to the represent-ative signal and to a reference value for applying a control signal to the torque controlling means, the control signal acting on the torque controlling means for limiting the motor power when the representative signal and the reference value indicate that the power delivered from the generator exceeds the power available at the output of the power source.
What characterises drive equipment according to the invention will become clear from the appended claims.
In the following the invention will be descrlbed with reference to the accompanying drawing, which shows an example of the drive equipment according to the invention.
The power source is a steam or gas turbine T, to which there is mechanically coupled a three-phase AC generator G of synchronous type, directly or via a gear reduction set. A
circuit is arranged for speed control of the turbine (and thus of the generator). This control circuit comprises an electric regulator NRG having PI characteristics (proportional-integrating characteristics). The regulator is supplied with a reference value nGr from a potentiometer Pl. A tachometer '~,!''t~, -- 3 ,i ~" j, ` ~13983~

generator TGl connected ~o the genera~or emits a signal nG
corresponding to the generator speed (and thus to the turbine speed). The difference between the signals nGr and nG is amplified and integrated in the regulator NRG. The output signal of the regulator lnfiuences the power control means PD
of the turbine such that the control circuit strives to control the turbine speed towards the desired speed corresponding to the desired value nGr. This speed is suitably maintained constantly equal to the speed at which the turbine is able to deliver maximum power.
The generator G is arranged to operate with substantially constant voltage. Since the generator speed will be substantially constant, this can be achieved by the generator operating with a constant excitation current.
Alternatively the generator may be provided, in a known manner, with a voltage regulator which compares the generator voltage with a reference value and controls the excitation current of the generator so that the generator voltage is maintained equal to the reference value.
The generator G supplies a controllable three-phase thyristor convertor SR, which emits a controllable direct current ID to a DC motor M, which in turn is mechanically coupled to the drlven object DO. This may, for example, be the driving wheels of a vehicle or the propeller of a vessel.
.. , ..... . .. . . . . ., . . .. . .. . . , . .. . . ... ~

A circuit for speed control of the motor M comprises a speed regulator NRM
and a current regulator IR. A spe~d reference value ~ is supplied to the speed regulator from a potentiometer P2. A tachometer generator TG2 iB
mechanically coupled to the motor M and delivers a signal nM corresponding to the motor speed in question. The difference between the signals nMr and nM is amplified and integrated in the regulator NRM. The output signal Ir constitutes a desired value for the motor current and iB supplied to the current regulator IR. A current measurement device IM delivers a signal I
which is a measure of the AC current supplied to the convertor, and thus of the motor current ~. The difference between the signals Ir and I iB
amplified and integrated in the regulator IR. The output signal of ths regulator controls the direct voltage of the convertor SR such that the motor~current ID iS controlled towards the desired value Ir. The speed control circuit now described will endeavour, in a manner known per se, to control the motor 80 that its speed follows the desired value nMr. Thus, with the aid of the potentiometer P2, the speed of the motor can be con-trolled to the desired value. The torque controlling, and thus speed controlling, means of the motor M consist of the convertor SR, the speed regulator NRM, and the current regulator IR.

According to the invention, the equipment is provided with members arranged to sense whether the power taken out from the generator exceeds the power from the power source which is available at the moment. In the embodiment of the invention now described, these members consist of a limiting regula-tor BR. This has PI characteristics and is supplied with a speed reference value n'Gr from a potentiometer P3, as well as with the output signal nG
from the tachometer generator TG1 of the generator. The difference between these signals is amplified and integrated in the regulator. The output signal U~ of the regulator is supplied to a limiting input of the speed regulator ~RM of the motor. The reference value n'Gr is suitably set some-what lower, for example one or two per cent lower, than the reference value nGr-If the power taken out from the generator exceeds the power of the power source which is available at that moment, the generator will be retarded, and its speed drops since the control means of the power source does not have time to react instantaneouslg. The output signal uB of the regulator will thuc increase. The speed regulator NRM i~ con8tructed 80 that its output signal is limited to a variable value, which drops with increasing value of the input signal ~ to the limiting input of the regu`lator. In the ``- ` 1~3~
ca6e now described, therefore, the output signal of the limiting regulator will effect a limitation of the molor current ID, and thus of the power taken out from the g~nerator. The units P3, TG1, ~R, NRM, IR and SR form a clo~ed oontrol circuit, which, as ~oon as the speed of the generator tends to drop, limits the motor current to such an extent snd for such a long time that the speed of the generator tends to return to its reference value nGr set on the potentiometer P1. The control circuit will thus prevent the speed Or the power source from falling below the set optimum value. ~he available power of the power source is therefore maintained at its optimum value, which would not have been the case if its gpeed had been allowed to drop. A re-duction of, for example, a speed error in the motor will therefore take place considerably faster (because of the higher available power from the power source) than in previously known drive equipment. Since, in equip-ment according to the invention, the available power from the power source is all the time as high as possible, a reduction of, for example, a speed error in the motor M will in practice take place with optimum speed.
Furthermore, the risk of the motor becoming non-operative,because of decreasing speed of the power source, caused by rapid load increases, is effectively prevented.
The generator G may alternatively consist of a DC generator. The torque controlling member may then consist of a DC chopper. The motor M
may alternatively be an AC motor. The torque controlling member may then consist of a frequency convertor (if the generator i~ an AC generator) or an inverter (if the generator iB a DC generator).

If the speed regulator of the power source is electric, as described above, the limiting regulator BR can be omitted and the output signal from the speed regulator NRG be supplied to the limiting input ~dashed line in the figure) of the re~ulator NRM. Often, however, the speed control circuit of the power source is at least partly mechanical, hydraulic, or pneumatic, and in these casea it is advantageous to arrange a separate limiting regulator, a8 han been described above.

~he limiting regulator need not be constructed with the PI characteristics described above. On the contrary, it may ha~e, for example, a purely pro-portional characteristic.

Instead of a continuously acting limiting regulator, a circuit operating in steps may be used which, if the generator speed is below the set reference value by a certain amount, switches in a limitation of the motor current by (or to) a predetermined amount. Po~sibly, the limitation can be done in several steps at a successively decreasing generator speed.

The limiting regulator can be replaced with a circuit which calculates the available power (as a function of the speed and the position of the power control means at that time) from the power source, and which measures or computes the generator power taken out at that moment. If the latter power exceed~ the former, which can be determined by the aid of a comparison circuit, a signal is delivered to the torque controlling members of the motor such that the motor power i~ reduced.

Claims (5)

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:
1. A drive equipment comprising a power source and an electric generator connected thereto, an electric motor connected to the generator, means connected to the power source and to the generator for regulating the operation of the generator at substantially constant voltage and speed, said motor being provided with means for controlling its torque, the equipment further comprising means for generating a signal representative of the operation of the generator and limiting means responsive to the representative signal and to a reference value for applying a control signal to said torque controlling means, said control signal acting on the torque controlling means for limiting the motor power when the representative signal and the reference value indicate that the power delivered from the generator exceeds the power available at the output of said power source.
2. The drive equipment of claim 1, wherein the generating means are speed sensing means for measuring the speed of the generator, the limiting means comparing said measured speed with a predetermined speed value constituting said reference value and, when the speed is below the pre-determined value, the limiting means delivering such a control signal to the torque controlling means for limiting the motor power.
3. The drive equipment of claim 2, wherein the limiting means vary the control signal in relation with the measured speed and the predetermined value for limiting the motor power to a lower value the more the speed of the generator drops below said predetermined value.
4. The drive equipment of claim 2, wherein the limiting means vary the control signal in relation with the measured speed and the predetermined value for decreasing the value, to which the motor power is limited, when the time integral of the deviation of the generator speed from said predetermined value increases.
5. The drive equipment of claim 1, wherein the torque controlling means of the motor are current control-ling means for controlling the motor current, and wherein the limiting means limits the motor power by applying said control signal to the current controlling means for limiting the motor current.
CA000326675A 1978-05-11 1979-04-30 Drive equipment Expired CA1139831A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE7805366A SE423953B (en) 1978-05-11 1978-05-11 DRIVING EQUIPMENT INCLUDING A POWER CELL, A ELECTRIC GENERATOR CONNECTED AND A GENERATOR CONNECTED TO THE GENERATOR
SE7805366-7 1978-05-11

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA1139831A true CA1139831A (en) 1983-01-18

Family

ID=20334880

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA000326675A Expired CA1139831A (en) 1978-05-11 1979-04-30 Drive equipment

Country Status (3)

Country Link
CA (1) CA1139831A (en)
FR (1) FR2425762A1 (en)
SE (1) SE423953B (en)

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6027280B2 (en) * 1973-10-08 1985-06-28 株式会社日立製作所 Excitation device for internal combustion engine generator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2425762B1 (en) 1984-02-10
FR2425762A1 (en) 1979-12-07
SE7805366L (en) 1979-11-12
SE423953B (en) 1982-06-14

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