CA1136741A - Expandable link telephone intercom system - Google Patents

Abstract

TITLE

EXPANDABLE LINK TELEPHONE INTERCOM SYSTEM

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A multi-link intercom system having a large number of stations selectively connected to one of eight links by respective station controllers. When a calling station goes off-hook, its station controller connects the station to the first available link during the one of four link access peri-ods corresponding to that link. The calling station then applies appropriate signals to the link identifying the called station. These signals are decoded by a link controller for the link which generates called station address signals during its corresponding link access period. All of the link con-trollers generate called station address signals on the same bus, but the signals are time multiplexed to occur during a portion of each link access period corresponding to each link.
The station controller for the called station recognizes its address and connects its station to the link corresponding to the portion of the link access period in which the station address was received. Two-way communication between the call-ing and called station is then effected. Each of the station controllers utilizes a pair of self-contained controller cir-cuits which are inherently adapted to operate with four link access periods and selectively connect its station to one of four audio links. The system includes circuitry for allowing two of the four-cycle, four-link controller circuits to opera-te in parallel utilizing relatively few additional signal lines as compared to a four-link system.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention This invention relates to telephone intercom sys-tems, and more particularly to a system for allowing several self-contained station controller circuits adapted for use with relatively few links to be opera~ed together to expand the number o links in the intercom system.
Description of the Prior Art . _ Intercom systems have long been used for selectively connecting a calling telephone station to a called telephone station to allow two-way communication. Generally, these sys-tems connect the stations to each other through individual audio links, the number of which is far less than the number of stations in the system. Consequently, link sharing by the stations is necessary. A call is initiated when a calling station sequentially scans the audio links in search of an un-used link and, when it finds an available link, connects it-self ~o that link. The calling station then generates the address of the called station by dialing with either a dual-tone multi-frequency device or a rotary dialing device. Link controllers associated with individual audio links decode the address of the called station and cause the called station to connect itself to the audio link to which the calling station is connected.
Recently, a multi-link intercom system of this type has been available from Tone Commander Systems, Inc., of Red-mond, Washington, under the model deslgnation ML8000. This system employs four audio links, and all of the station con-trollers and link controllers for the system operate on a four-link access period basis. The ML8000 systern features a self-contained large-scale integrated station controller 7~
which is only capable of connecting its station to one of four audio links and which, like the remainder of the system, in-herently operates on a four-link access period basis.
Although the number of audio links required in an intercom system for a given number of stations varies depending upon the extent to which each station utilizes the intercom, it i~ generally necessary to increase the number of audio links as the number of stations accessing those links increases. Thus, the need has developed for intercom systems having eight or more audio links. Expansion of four~link intercom systems employing self-contained station controllers to allow a greater number of links to be accessed requires that the self-contained controller circuits properly interface with each other. The interfacing requirement could undoubtedly be met by merely increasing the number of called station address lines/ control lines and other circuitry in proportion to the increase of audio linXs. However, this solution would result in an unacceptable proliferation of the interconnection wiring in the system.
Intercom systems having a substantially larger num-ber of audio links are also more difficult to test than sys-tems having fewer links. Thus, it is desirable to simplify testing by allowing the system to selectively make some of the links busy to facilitate testing of other links.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

.
It is an object of the invention to provide a tele-phone intercom system which is easlly expandable in increments of M links by parallel operation of self~contained station controller~ each adapted to interface with M links.
It is another object of the invention to expand the number of audio links in an intercom system by operating sev-~3S7~

eral self-contained ~tation controller circuits in parallel without re~uiring a corresponding increase in interconnection wiring.
It is a further object of the in~ention to facili-tate testing of an intercom system having a r~latively large number of links by preventing some of the links from being used.
These and other objects of the invention are pro-vided by a telephone intercom system having a large number of station controllers each adapted to connect a telephone sta-tion to one of M links and each operating in M time multi-plexed link available periods. The system allows N self-con-tained station controller circuits for each station to operate in parallel to collectively connect the station to M x N audio links, each of which are controlled by an individual link con-troller. The link controllers receive the address of the called station from the calliny station, decode the address and apply the address as a station controller circuit enabling signal in time multiplexed form to the called station control-ler during one of N address valid periods of each of M link available periods corresponding to the link to which the call-ing station is connected. When the controller circuit in the called station controller is enabled, it connects itself to the audio link corresponding to the one of N portions of the ' M operating periods during ~hich the enabling signal was re-ceived. All station controller circuits for a given station operate in the same one o~ M operating periods at the same time, and the N controller circuits Eor a called station con-troller must thus receive an enabling signal at the same time.
Since the enabling signal for one controller circuit is re-ceived at a different time than enabling signals for other N-l 1~13b7~;~, o controller circuits (since only the one controller circuit is associated with the links to which the calling station is con-nected), the system retains the enabling signal received dur-ing each operating period for any of the controller circuits and then applies the enabling signal to the selected one of the N controller circuits at the same time that an enabling signal would be applied to any of the other controller cir-cuits. The station addresses and internal control lines, be-ing time multiplexed, convey the increased quantity of inform-ation resulting from increasing the number of links yet re-quire relatively few additional interconnecting wires. The system also includes circuitry for selectively generating signals indicating that specific audio links are unavailable for use so that the remaining links, which may be far fewer in number than the total number of links in the system, can be easily tested.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an intercom system em-ploying individual, self-contained station controller circuits in expandable form.
Fig. 2 is a schematic of a station controller utili-zing a pair of self-contained station controller circuits operating in parallel.
Fig. 3 is a schematic of an audio coupling and off-hook detection circuit of the station controller of Fig. 2.
~ ig. 4 is a schematic of the address decoder and an "A" link detect and delay circuit o~ the ~tation controller which allows the .self-contained station controller circuits to operate in parallel.
Fig. 5 is a timing diagram illustrating the addres-sing sequence for the station controllers.

,;,7~gA), Fig. 6 iS a synchronous state logic diayram and state assiynment chart of a~ hook state control circuit for determining if an off-hook or dial pulse condition has occurred.
Fig. 7 is a schematic of a call progress timer used with the hook state control circuit of Fig~ 6.
Fig. 8 is a schematic of one implementation of the synchronous state logic diagram of Fig. 6.
Fig. 9 is a synchronous state logic diagram and state assignment chart of a station sequencer for controlling the operation sequence of the station.
Fig. 10 is a schematic of a circuit for determining when all of the audio links in the intercom system are busy.
Fig. 11 is a schematic of a circuit for controlling the state of link available and rlng acknowledge busses for the station controllers.
Fig. 12 is a schematic of a circuit for controlling analog switches to selectively connect a station to an audio link.
Fig. 13 is a schematic of a ring out circuit used by the station controller for actuating a ringing device in a called telephone station.
Fig. 14 is a schematic of one implementation of the synchronous state logic diagram of Fig~ 9.
Fig. 15 is a block diagram of four link controllers.
Fig. 16 is a schematic of portions of the link controllers for four audio links.
Fig. 17 is a timing diagram of signals used by the link controllers.
Fig. 18 is a flow chart summary for the program il-lustrating the operatiny sequence of a microprocessor used by each link controller.

~i3~41-Fig. 19 is a flow chart of the cornputer program for the link controller microprocessor as illustrated in Fig. 18.
Fig. 2C is a block diagram of the signal generator for decoding station addresses and generatiny various signals utilized by the station controllers and link controllers.
Fig. 21 is a schematic of the signal generator of Fig. 20.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF_T~E INVENTION
A multi~link telephone intercom system employing the inventive link expanding circuitry is illustrated in Fiy. 1.
The system includes a large number of conventional key tele-phone stations lO each having a conventional ring device 12, a hand set 16 and a dialing mechanism of either the rotary dial pulse generator or dual-tone, multifrequency (DTMF) variety associated hook switch and inductive coupling network 18 connected to tip and ring lines 20, 22, respectively. A
dual pulse is the signal resulting from breaking loop current by the rotary dial of a telephone set. A number of dial pulses in sequence constitute a certain digit. The duration of dial pulse and the time between dial pulses have certain specified limits. Dual-tone multifrequency is an alternative method of signalling. Two sinusoidal tones are mixed and transmitted together. The frequency of one of these tones is from the low group: 697, 770, 852, 941. The frequency of the other tone is from the high group: 1209, 1336, 1477, 1633. A
particular combination of two frequencles is interpreted as a certain digit. The tip and ring lines 20, 22 are normally unconnected by any direct current path when the handset 16 i5 on hook, but are connected to each other through the inductive coupling network 18 when the handset 16 is raised off hook.

Off-hook, as used herein, in~ic~tes the condition of a tele-phone set where the han~set is removed from the cradle; that is, the telephone set is in use. In use, the audio signals received and generated by the handset 16 are present across the tip and ring lines 20, 22. A called sta~ion is dialed by either generating appropriate dual-tone multi-frequency sig-nals across the tip and ring lines 20, 22 by a conventional tone dialing mechanism or by intermittently opening the direct current connection between the tip and ring lines 20, 22 a number of times corresponding to the number being dialed by a conventional rotary dialing mechanism.
The intercom system includes a large number of tele-phone stations 10, only one of which is illustrated in detail.
Each of the telephone stations 10 is connected to a station controller 30 which selectively connects the audio output from the tip and ring lines 20, 22, respectively, to one of eight audio links 32 when the handset 16a is raised off hook. Basic-ally, as explained in greater detail hereinafter, when the handset 16a is raised off hook, the station controller 30a scans the status of the audio links 32 in search of an unused link 32. When the station controller 30a finds an unused link 32, it connects the audio output from the telephone station lOa to the unused link and generates an appropriate signal on a partially bidirectional control bus 34 to prevent other sta-tion controllers 30 from connecting to that link 32. When one of the other telephone stations, lOh for example, is called, the station controller 30h associated with called station .lOh causes the ringing device 12h of the called station lOh to be actuated and causes an appropriate ring acknowledgement con-trol signal to be generated to the calling link controller 38 which responds by applying an audio ~INGBACK signal to the ~L~3~4~L
link 32 which is then heard by calling station lOa. The RIN~ACK signal is one of the call progress signals. It is formed by the modulation of a 440 signal by a 40 Hz signal~
This, then, is transmit~ed for a duration of 0.8 seconds and off for 2.4 seconds. The ringback tone is transmitted to the calling party to indicate that the called party's telephone set is ringing. When the called station lOh answers the call by establishing an off-hook condition, its station controller 30h ceases actuation of the ringing device 12h and connects the audio output from ~he station lOh to link 32l thereby com~
pleting an audio link between stations lOa and lOh. If the called station lOh is busy, the station controller 30h will not return a ring acknowledgement control signal to the call-ing link controller 38 and an audio busy signal will be ap-plied to the link 32 which is heard by the calling station lOa.
Each of the station controllers 30 contains two self-contained controller circuits 36 which are preferably large-scale integrated circuits. These circuits 36 were initially developed for a four-link intercom system. Conse-quently, the circuits are capable of controlling only four links and they inherently operate and receive control signals in a four time division multiplex mode corresponding to the four links. Use of this circuit 36 with intercom systems hav-ing eight or more audio links 32 presents the problem of al-lowing the circuits 36 to operate in parallel without adding a correspondingly larger number of interconnecting lines to the various signal buses and also necessitates the interconnection of control signals between the four link station controller circuits 36 to allow a priority scheme which will prevent the two independent station controllers 36 from simultaneously connecting a single station 1~ to two audio links. A princi-pal feature of the invention, then, is circuitry explained in detail hereinafter for allowing the integrated circuits 36 to operate in parallel while interfacing with each other and the remainder of the system.
Each of the audio links 32 is connected to a link controller 38. The link controllers 38 decode the station number being dialed by each of the calling stations 10 and generate appropriate coded signals on a called station address bus 40. Link scanners 39 sequentially scan four links in search of a link ready to receive dual-tone multi-frequency dialing signals and decode the dialing signals when received on that link. Thus four links share a single tone decoder.
The link controllers 38 also generate appropriate four time division multiplexed signals on the control bus 34 and called station address bus 40 as explained in greater detail herein-after. The coded called station address signals on bus 40 are decoded by a signal generator 42 which generates appropriate signals on bus 44 to cause the station controller 30 for the called station 10 to actuate its ringing device 12 and to con-nect itself to the proper audio link 32 when the called station 10 answers. The signal generator 42 also generates various signals for the remainder of the system, such as system clock signals, ringback tones and busy tones.
An understanding of the operation o~ the multi link intercom system necessitates an understanding o~ the time multiplex scheme used to transfer a large amount of informa-tion on relatively few lines. Basically, a number of link access periods exist corresponding to the number of audio links 32 connected to each station controller circuit 36.
Thus, the system illustrated in Fig. 1 utilizes four link access periods. During each link access period, a siynal is generated on a link available bus (part of control bus 34) to indicate the status of the corresponding audio link. The link available bus consists of a number of separate lines corres-ponding to the number of circuits 36 employed in each station controller 30. A single link available line will then be required to indicate the status of each group of four links to be controlled by a set of station controller circuits 36 dedicated to that four link group. Thus, the link available bus for the system illustrated in Fig. 1 consists of two lines, designated LKAHA and LKAHB. An LKAHA signal is genera-ted by circuit 42 during each link access period that the cor-responding link of the first four links is available; i.e., not already connected to another station controller 30. Sim-ilarly, a LKAHB signal is generated by circuit 42 during each link access period that the corresponding link of the remain-ing four links is available.
When the telephone station lOa goes off-hook, the station controller 30a for that station lOa sequentially ex-amines each of the link available lines LKAHA and LKAHB during each of the four link access periods. When an available link is found, the integrated circuit 36a or 36b associated with that link couples the telephone station 10 to that available audio link 32 and removes a link available signal on LKAHA or LKAHB otherwise present during the link access period corres-ponding to that link. The link available signal LKAHA or LKAHB then indicates to the remainder oE the ~ystem that the link is unavailable for use by any other telephone station 10.
After the telephone station 10 has been connected to a given audio link 32, the station 10, hereinafter referred to as the calling station, dials another telephone station 10, hereinaf-~3~i7~

ter referred to as the called station. The manner in ~7hichthe called station i5 dialed depends upon the nature of the telephone station 10. Telephone stations 10 having conven-tional rotary dialing mechanisms open the connection between the tip and ring lines 20, 22 a number of times corresponding to the number being dialed. This dial pulse information is then time division multiplexed by the station ~ontroller and transmitted to the link controller 38. q~elephone stations 10 employing a dual-tone multi-frequency dialing mechanism gener-ate appropriate identifying audio tones across the tip and ring lines 20, 22, respectively, which are applied by the sta-tion controller 30 to the audio link 32 to which the control-ler 30 is connected. Generally, the calling station 10 will dial two digits in order to designate the called station. Re-gardless of which dialing mechanism is used, the dial pulses or audio tones are conveyed to the link controller 38 for the link 32 to which the telephone station 10 is connected. The link controller 38 then generates a time multiplexed code de-signating the called station on bus 40. The station address signal on the bus 40 is generated during the link access peri-od corresponding to the link to which the calling station 10 is connected. The called station 10 can determine which link its station controller 30 should connect to by synchronizing with the access period in which the address signal is re-ceived. However, there are eight audio links but only four link access periods. Thus, if a station address signal is re-ceived by a station controller 30 during the first access per-iod, the controller 30 must determine whether it should con-nect to link lA or lB. This function is accomplished by fur-ther multiplexing the station addre5s signals on bus 40 into two address valid periods corresponding to an "A" groove link ~3~q~

address and a "B" yroove link address. Thus, two address per-iods exist for each link access period providing ~ total of eight address valid periods uniquely identifying the eight audio links 32. Thus, if the leftmost telephone station 10a is connected to the link 3B, the addre~s of the called station designated by the dialing mechanism of the calling station 10a is generated on the address bus 40 during the second address valid period of the third link access period. Other stations 10 connected to other links may also generate called station address signals on bus 40 during the address valid period of the link access periods corresponding to the links to which they are connected. The called station address signals on bus 40, which are in binary form, are decoded by the signal gener-ator 42 and applied to the designated station controller 30.
A detection circuit in the station controller 30 of the called station 10 determines whether the called station address should be connected to either an "A" group link or a "B" group link corresponding to the link access period in which the address is received. Since the "A" group links are accessed by circuit 36a and the "B'l group links are accessed by circuit 36b, the detection circuit determines which circuit 36a or 36b is active. This function is accomplished by stor-ing the address for the first address valid period of the link access period and presenting it to controller circuit 36a while the address for the second address period of that link access period is applied directly to controller circuit 36b.
Either of the circuits 36a or 36b can then be enabled at the same time, but only one circult will be enabled since the sta-tion was only designated during one address valid period of the link access period.

~3~

If the station controller 30 for the called station 10 is not already connected to another audio link 32, it gen-erates a ring acknowledge signal during the link access period corresponding to ~he link to which the called station control-ler 30 is connected. The station controller 30 is capable of identifying the proper time for generating RAKL since it should occur during the same link access period that it has been enabled by receiving its station address. In actuality, a ring acknowledge line connected to all of the station con-trollers 30 is provided for each circuit 36 in the station controller 30. Thus, for the system illustrated in Fig. l, two ring acknowledge lines exist forming part of control bus 34 designated RAKLA and RAKLB. The non~busy called station controller 30a generates a signal on the RAKLA line during the appropriate link access period whenever the calling station lO
is connected to one of the "A" links. Similarly, the non-busy called station controller 36b generates a signal on the RAKLB
line during the appropriate link access period whenever the calling station lO is connected to one of the "B" links.
When called station lO goes off-hook (i.e. answersl, the ring acknowledge signal RAKLA or RAKLB terminates. The station controller 30 for the called station lO then prevents a link available signal ~rom being generated on the line LKAHA
or LKA~B during the link access period corresponding to the link to which the calling station is connected. The station controller 30 for the called station al~o couples the tip and ring lines 20, 22 for the called ~tation lO to the same audio link that the station controller 30 for the calling station is connected. Two-way conversation is thus effected between the calling station lO and the called station lO. If the called station lO is already connected to an audio link 32, a ring acknowledge signal RAKLA or RAKLB is not produced during the 7~L

appropriate link access period so that the link controller 38 for the link to which the calling station 10 is connected ap-plies a busy audio slgnal Erom the signal generator 42 to the audio link 32 which is then received by the calling station 10~ It should be mentioned that the above is a basic descrip-tion of the entire multi-link intercom system. A complete ex-planation of the subcircuits and subsidiary features of the system are explained in greater detail hereinafter.
A block diagram of a station controller 30 is illus-trated in Fig. 2. The system includes an audio coupling and off-hook detector 50 connected to the tip and ring lines 20, 22 of the telephone 10. The audio coupling portion of circuit 50 couples the audio signal from the tip and ring lines to an audio output which is applied to an audio switch 52~ The aud-io switch 52 connects the audio output from circuit 50 to one of the eight audio links 32 la-4b as designated by the corres-ponding one of eight switch control lines on input terminals A
and B. Signals appearing on the Eour switch control lines from the integrated circuit 36a switch the audio output of coupling circuit 50 to the "A" group links, lA, 2A, 3A, 4A.
Similarly, signals appearing on the four switch control lines from integrated circuit 36b switch the audio signal from coup-ling circuit 50 to the "B" group audio links lB, 2B, 3B, 4B.
Thus, the integrated circuits 36a,b select which of the audio links 32 the audio output of coupling circuit 50 is connec-ted.
The off-hook detection portion of circuit 50 causes an OFFHOOK signal to go low (logic "O" or -12 V) when the handset 16 of the telephone 10 goe~ off-hook. This low i8 applied to NOR 54 which, it is assumed, is enabled by a low at its other output, thereby generating a high (logic "l" or 0V) at the YHKSWT input to integrated circuit 36a. As ex-plained in detail hereinafter, integrated circuit 36a then se-quentially examines its LKAHA input during the four link ac-cess periods to determine whether any of the "A" group audio links are available. If one of the "A" group links is found to be available, the circuit 36a pulls the LKAHA bus 10~7 dur~
ing that link access period so that no other stations will find that link to be available. The circuit 31a also trans-mits a signal to the audio switch 52 connecting the audio out-put of circuit 50 to that audio link.
If none of the "A" group links are available, the BUSY output of circuit 36a goes low, which places a high on the input to NOR gate 56 through inverter 58. NOR gate 56 then applies a low to NOR gate 58 which, since OFFEIOOK is low, produces a high at the YHKSWT input to integrated circuit 36b.
Circuit 36b then sequentially examines its LKAHB input during the four link access periods. If an available "B" group link is found, circuit 36b pulls LKAHB low during the access period corresponding to the available link and it transmits a signal to audio switch 52 to connect the audio line from circuit 50 to the appropriate "B" group link, lB, 2B, 3B or 4B. It will be noted that the availability of a given link is determined by detecting wh~ther LKAHA or LKAHB is high during the corres-ponding link access period~ Since the circuits 36a,b pull the LKAHA or LKAHB 1 ines low during the link access period corres-ponding to any link to which they are connected, none o~ the other station controllers 30 will detect a high state on the LKAHA or LXAHB lines during that link access period. Whenever either of the circuits 36a,b have been connected to a link, their HBI output goes high thereby preventing further opera-tion of the other integrated circuit because of the high sig-~3~

nal at its YKSWR inp~t as explained hereinafter. Also~ wheninput as explained hereinafter. Also, when none of the "A"
group links are available but an available "B" link has been ound, the HBI output of integrated circuit of 36b goe~ high, thereby disabling NOR gate 54 so that a high is not applied to the YHKSWT input to integrated circuit 36a which would cause the circuit 36a to connect the calling station to an "A" yroup link if an "A" group link subsequently became availahle.
If all of the "A" group links are found to be un-available and the "B" group links are then likewi~e found to be unavailable, the BUSY output of integrated circuit 36b goes low, thereby enabling NOR gate 60 which gates a busy signal E~B
from the signal generator 42 through a capacitor 62 and a re-sistor 64 to the audio terminal of coupling circuit 50. A
busy signal is then heard in the receiver of the handset 16 to indicate that none of the audio links 32 are available for useO Station busy signals; i.e., signals generated when a link is available but the called station is busy, are normally transmitted to the coupling circuit 50 via the audio link to which the circuit 50 is connected. However, where the system is busy; i.e., no audio links are available, and there is no audio link over which to transmit the busy signal to the coup-ling circuit 50. Consequently, the busy signal must be inter-nally generated at the station controller 30.
After an audio link 32 has been found to be avail-able, the audio terminal of the coupling circuit 50 is then connected to the available link by audio switch 52 by one of the four-line switch control output~ rom either circuit 36a or 36b. The calling station then dials a number, typically two digits, corresponding to the number of a called station. If the calling station is equipped with a dialing mechanism which ~ ~3~7~

generates dual~tone multi-frequency dialing signalc~ the sig-nals are applied directly to the link through the coupling circuit 50 and the audio switch 52. The link controller 38 for the link to which the audio switch 52 is connected then decodes the first and second digits of the c~lled station and generates appropriate time multiplexed signals on bus 44 which are applied to an address decoder 70 as SlH, S2H...S5H, S~X~
and SXXH. The Signals S+XH and SXXH act as enabling signals for the particular group of five stations. One of the other five lines, SlH, S2~1..., S5H then selects which of the partic-ular group of five stations is being addressed. If the call-ing station telephone l0 is equipped with a rotary dialing mechanism, the OFFHOOK output of off-hook detector 50 pulses low a number of times corresponding to the number dialed.
These pulses are coupled through either NOR gate 54 if the calling station is connected to an "A" group audio link or NOR
gate 58 if the calling station is connected to a "B" group audio link. The integrated circuit 36a or 36b then determines whether valid dial pulses have been produced and, if so, gen-erates a corresponding number of time division multiplexed pulses at the DPLA output of circuit 36a if an "A" group link has been accessed or the DPLB output of circuit 36b is a "B"
group link has been accessed. These pulses are demultiplexed and counted by the link controller 38 for the link to which the calling station is connected and the link controller 38 generates appropriate signals on bws 40 which are decoded by the signal generator 42 and applied to the addresa decoder of the called station aa SlH, S2H,...,S5M, S~XM, SYX~I. It should be remembered, at this point, that these station address valid signals 5lH...SXXH are time multiplexed so that they are only present at the called station address decoder 70 during the ~3~

address period of the link access period corresponding to the link to which the calling station is connected~ As mentioned above but explained in greater detail hereinafter, the cir-cuits 36a, 36b are basically four-link devices operating with four-link access periods. In order to allow the circuits 36a, 36b to operate in parallel, the station address valid period for a station being dialed by a station connected to an "A"
group link is interleaved with the station address period for that station being dialed by a station connected to a "B"
group link. Since the calling station will be connected to either an "A" group link or a "B" group link, but not both, a station address for the called station is generated during only one of the two address periods of the link access period.
Thus the station address periods in which an address signal is presented to the address decoder 70 for every station control-ler 30 in the entire system are interleaved as follows: link lA, lB, 2~, 2B, 3A, 3B, 4A, 4B. However, since the circuits 36a are basically four link access period devices and are clocked by the same FOH signal, the address of the called sta-tion must be operated on at the same time regardless of whether the calling station is connected to an "A" group link (thus addressing controller circuit 36a) or a "B" group link (thus addressing controller circuit 36b). Consequently, it is necessary to delay and hold the "A" group link address signals by an "A" link detect and delay circuitry 72, so that the cir-cuit 72 can apply any "A" group link address signals to the circuit 36a at the same time that the "B" link address signals from the address decoder 70 would be applied to the circuit 36b. Thus, if a given station is being called by a calling station connected to an "A" group link, the YCALL input to circuit 36a will be low at the same data sample point that the ~13674~

YCALL input to integratecl circuit 36b would be low if the calling station was connected to a "B" group link. Proper op-eration of the system requires that the enabling signal YCALL
to the appropriate circuit 36 occurs at the same time wit~P-re~
spect to the clock signal F0H regardless of whether the call-ing station is connected to an "A" group link or a "B"~group link.
After the appropriate controller circuit 35 receives its enabling signal YCALL, it generates a ring acknowledge signal RAKL during the link access period corresponding to the link to which the calling station is now connected. The link controller 38 for that link detects the RAKL signal during the proper link access period and applies a ring-back signal to the link which is transmitted to the ear piece of the handset for the calling station as explained hereinafter.
The controller circuit 36a or 36b for the called station asserts its BELL output which is applied to OR gate 74 which drives a relay coil 76 through inverter 7B. Thus, cur-rent flows through relay coil 76 whenever the BELL output of either integrated circuits 36a, 36b is asserted. As explained hereinafter, current flowing through the relay coil 76 closes a pair of contacts in the audio coupling and off-hook detector 50 which applies a high voltage AC signal to the tip and ring lines of the called telephone station 10 to actuate an inter-nal ringer.
One of two events occur after the enabling signal YCALL for the circuit 36 of the called station i~ received.
If the calling station 10 goe~ on-hook to di~continue the call, the link controller 38 remove8 the address for the call-ing station thereby terminating the enabling signal YCALL for the called station. If the called station goes off-hook (i.e.

lg ~13~

answers), the ring acknowledge signal RAKLA or R~KLB generated by the circuit 36a or 36b for the called station term:inates so that the ring back tone is removed from the audio link 32 and the LKAHA or LKAHB output of the circuit 36a or 36b, respec-tively, for the called station is pulled lo~ during the link access period corresponding to the link to which the calling station is connected so that the called station will remain connected to the link even if the calling station goes on-hook. Also, of course, the controller circuit 36a or 36b for the called station connects the audio coupling circuit 50 for the called station to the proper link through audio switch 52.
Two-way conversation is then effected between the calling sta-tion and the called station.
A schematic of the audio coupling and off-hook de-tector 40 of the station controllers 30 is illustrated in Fig. 3. The tip and ring lines are connected to split wind-ings of a transformer 90 through relay contacts 92. Current flow then occurs from the audio ground AG through windings 90a, the telephone station 10, the windings 90b to audio battery AB, normally -24 volts, through resistors 9~, 96.
When the handset 16 for a telephone station lO is on-hook, the tip and ring lines are not connected to each other so that no current flows from audio ground to audio battery. When the handset 16 goes off-hook, the impedance between the tip and ring lines drops substantially so that sufficient current flows from the audio ground AG to audio batter~ AB to generate enough voltage across re~istor 96 to forward bias the base emitter junction of transistor 98. Current then flows from audio ground to audio battery through resistor lO0 and a light emitting diode 102. Light from the light emitting diode 102 is directly coupled to a phototransistor 104 which then con-ducts current from ground to a -12 volt supply to resistor 104. Under these circumstances OFFHOOK goes low, and it is this OFFHOOK signal that is applied to the NCR gates 54, 58 of the circuit of Fig. 2~ After the audio output of the circuit is connected to an audio link by switch 52, audio communica-tion from the tip and ring lines is effected through the tran-sformer 90~ A pair of series connected Zener diodes 106 are connected across winding 90c to protect other circuitry in the system from excessively large voltage transients.
~ith reference also, now, to Fig. 2, when the enab-__ ling signal YCALL is received by an integrated circuit 36 for a called station as explained above, the BELL output of the circuit 36 goes high. Current then flows through relay coils 76. The relay coil 76 switches the relay contacts 92 between lamp ground LG and a high voltage AC signal A.S which actuates the ringer 12 for the called telephone station 10. When the handset 16 for the called station goes off hook, the BELL
signal terminates causing the relay contacts 92 to return to the position illustrated in Fig. 3, thereby allowing two-way communication through the transformer 90.
A schematic of the address decoder 70 and "A" group link detect and delay circuitry 72 is illustrated in Fig. 4.
As explained above, the function of the address decoder 70 and "A" group link detect and delay circuitry 72 is to present an ___ enabling signal YCALL to the appropriate integrated circuit 36a,b at the same time during a link access period whether or not the calling station is connected to an "A" group link or a "B" group link. Since the address for a called s~ation is re-ceived at different times depending upon whether the calling station is connected to an "A" group link or a "B" group link, it is necessary to retain the address signal from an "A" group ~13~4~
link calling station until the address iynal from a "B" group link calling station would be received.
The address of the called station ~rom the bus 44 is applied to the decoder 70 as SlH, S2H.~.S5H, S~XH and SXXH.
The SXX~ input designates the first digit of the called sta-tion so that ten sequentially numbered stations having an identical first digit will be interconnected to the sarne SXXH
bus. Thus, stations 20-29 will all be connected to the S20H
address bus. The S+XH address line designates either the low order five numbers for the second digit or the high order five numbers for the second digit. Thus, stations having a second digit of from 1 to 5 are interconnected by the S~OH bus while stations having a second digit of from 6 to O are interconnec-ted by the S+5~ address bus. The remaining address buses, SlH, S2H...S5H, designate the higher or lower order numbers for the second digit. Station 23 would thus have its SXXH
input connected to the S20H bus, its S+XH input connected to the S+OH bus and is S3H input connected to the S3H bus. Dur-ing the link access period of the link to which the calling station was connected, the S3H input as well as the S+20H and S+OH inputs would go high. If the calling station is connec-ted to an "A" group link, these buses would go high during the first address valid period of the link access period. If the calling station is connected to a "B" group link, these busses would go high during the second address valid period of the link access period. Consequently, the output of NAND gate 120 would go low, thus enabling NAND gates 122-133 through NAND
gate 132. Since NAND gate 12B is enabled, the high at its S3H
input would produce a low at the YCALL 2B input to the con-troller circuit 36b during the link access period to which the calling station is connected which is clocked into circuit 36b by the next clock pulse F0f1. The outputs of the NA~JD gates 122~130 during an "A" group link access period are clocked to the respective outputs of flip- flops 134 so that the outputs presented to the circui~ 36a and they can be clocked into cir-cuit 36a by the same clock pulse that would have clocked ~CALL
into circuit 36b. If the calling station is connected to a "B" group link during the next clock cycle, the station ad-dress for the called station is decoded by NAND gates 120-130 _ and applied the YCALL output.~ to the integrated circuit 36b for connecting the called station to the "B" group audio links. If the calling station is connected to an "A" group audio link and dials 28, the S20H and S~5~ inputs to NAND gate 120 go high and the S3H input to NAND gate 126 goes high dur-ing the first address valid period of the link access period for the "A" group link to which the calling station is connec-ted At the end of that clock cycle, the high at the output of NAND gate 126 and the lows at the output of NAND gates 122, 124, 128, 130 are clocked to the respective outputs of flip-flop 134. During the next address valid period, neither S20H, S+SH nor S3H go high since the calling station is not connec-ted to a "B" group link. If the calling station was connected to a "B" group link, S20H, S~5H and S3H would be low during the second address valid period of the link access period cor-responding to the "B" group link to which the calling station is connected, but they would be high during the following ad-dress valid period of that link access period~ As explained hereinafter and as illustrated in Fig. 5, the decoded called station address is placed on bus 44 slightly in advance of when the circuits 36a are clocked by FOH. The clock pulses, FOH, are delayed one-quarter oE a link access period, however, so that the circuits 36a or 36b are clocked during the middle 7~i of the period that the station address is valic~ when the call-ing station i6 connected to a link. During the previous clock pulse, FOH, a valid station address, when the callinc~ station is connected to an "A" group link, is clocked to the output of flip-flops 134. Consequently, valid called station address signals generated by a calling station connected to an "A"
group link apply an enable signal YCALL to the "A" group con-troller circuit 36a by the flip-flops 134 at the same time that the controller circuit 36b would receive an enable signal . _ YCALL generated by a calling station connected to a "B" group link.
The operation of ~he self-contained controller cir-cuit 36, which is preferably a large-scale integrated circuit, can best be understood by reference to the synchronous state logic diagrams of Figs. 6 and 9~ Basically, a synchronous state logic diagram identifies a number of system states by rectangular blocks, decision points by diamonds and condi-tional outputs by ovals. Each state is given a designating letter and identified by a binary number. State assignments are then listed on a state assignment chart in matrix form with the corresponding state designator placed in the proper location. The state assignment chart is then examinated to ensure that only one binary digit changes at a time as the system moves from one state to any other state. This assures that the system will not enter any transient, unanticipated state. Once the synchronous state logic diagram is generated and states are properly assigned, logic components implement-ing the synchronoua state logic diagram can be easily genera-ted. In the synchronous state logic diagrams of Figs. 6 and 9 input variables are preceded by a Y or N lndicating that the variables are either asserted high or low, respectively.

11.3~'~'4.~
Thus, YCALL indicates that a YCALL input will be high if the CALL variable is asserted. Outputs bear an H or L prefix designating whether the output is asserted by either a high or low voltage level, respectively. Outputs are generated when-ever the system is in a state in which the block for that state lists the output.
A synchronous state logic diagram for determining whether the handset 16 for a station 10 is off-hook is illus-trated in Fig. 6. Initially, the system is in state a and all of the flip-flops implementing the logic diagram and defining the states corresponding to the state variables XYZ are reset.
In state "a" a RESET output is produced to prevent an internal timer 220 illustrated in Fig. 7 (shown hereinafter) from in-crementing and to retain all of the flip-flops in a reset con-dition. The hook switch input YHKSWT is continuously examined at 210 and as long as Y~KSWT is low or logic "0"~ the system remains in a state "a" loop. When YHKSWT goes high, the sys-tem shifts to state "b" at 202, thereby removing the RESET
output and allowing the internal timer to start counting. As illustrated in Fig. 7, the call progress timer 220 includes a number of cascaded flip-flops designated generally at 222 which are toggled by FLS pulses occurring once every four link access periods. A YT1 is generated at the output of NAND gate 224 five milliseconds after the RESET input to the flip-flops 222 i5 removed, a YT2 signal is produced at the output of NAND
gate 226 one second after the RE5ET input to the flip-flops 222 is removed and a YT3 signal is produced at the output of one of the flip-flops 222 73 milliseconds after the RESET in-put to the flip-Elops 222 i8 removed. These timing signals are utilized to debounce the YHKSWT input to ensure that it is not simulated by a transient voltage level and to determine whether a high~to-low transition of YHKSWT is either a dial pulse the handset 16 going on-hook~
As the call progress timer ~20 continues to incre-ment in state "b", the YT3 output of the counter 220 is con-tinuously examined at 240. After 73 milliseconds, YT3 goes high and YHKSWT is therl reexamined at 242. If YHKSWT is still high, thus indicating that the original YHKSWT was not produc-ed by a transient, the system enters state "c" at 244 in which the call progress timer 220 is reset by the RESET output and an off-hook tip output HOFHKT is produced. If YHKSWT was found to be no longer high at 242, the system returns to state "a" in which a ~ESET output is produced to reset the call progress timer 220. The system then continues to examine the YHRSWT outpu t at 200.
Assuming that YHKSWT is still found to be high at 242, the timer 220 is reset and the HOFHKT output is produced in state "c" at 244, thereby indicating a valid off-hook con-dition exists. In state "c" the YHKSWT input is continuously examined at 246. If YHKSWT goes low again, the system enters state "b" at 248 in which the RESET output is removed, thereby starting the call p~ogress timer 220 and continuing to gener-ate an HOFHKT output indicating that a valid off-hook condi-tion continues to exist. YHKSWT can go low responsive to either the station going on-hookt a dial pulse produced by a rotary dialing mechanism or a transient pulse of noise on a line. While the call progress timer 220 continues to incre-ment, YTl is continuously examined at 250. After five milli-seconds, ~Tl goes high, thereby causing the state of the YHKSWT input to be reexamined ~t 252. If Y~]KSWT is still high, the system returns to state 244 at which the timer is reset and YHKSWT i~ reexamined at 246. YHKSWT, being high at 113~

252, indicates that the original YHKSWT low was produced by a transient noise pulse since neither a dial pulse nor an on-hook condition would produce YHKSWT low for less than five milliseconds. If, after five milliseconds, YHKSWT is still found to be low at 252, the system switches to state "e" at 254 in which a dial pulse output HDP is yenerated and a valid off-hook output HOFHKI' continues. The call progress timer 220, which began incrementing in state d at 248, has continued to thereafter increment since a RESET output has not been pro-duced during this time~ In state "e" the YT2 input is contin-uously examined at 256. Before YT2 goes high after one sec-ond, Y~RSWT is continuously examined at 258. If, at any time during the one-second interval YHKSWT goes high, the counter 220 is reset at 260 and the system enters state "f" at 262.
Normally, YHKSWT will go high during the one-second interval if YHKSWT went low at 252 by either a dial pulse or a trans-ient noise pulse. If, however, YHKSWT went low at 252 because the handset 16 went on-hook, YHRSWT will continue to be low after one second as determined at 256. The system then swit-ches to a transition state "x" at 264 in which a RESET output is produced to reset the call progress timer 220. The system then reverts to original state "a". The transition state "x"
is required so that only a one-state variable will change at a time when transitioning from state "e" to state "a" as illus-trated by the state assignment chart of Fig. 6.
When the system is in state "f" at 262 a dial pulse output HDP and a valid off-hook HOFHKT are produced. The YTl input is continuously examined at 266 during this period and after five milliseconds it goes high. YHKSWT is then reexam-ined at 268. If YHI<SWT is now low, the system reverts to state "e" at 254. A logic high YHKSWT at 258 indicates that YHKSWT must have have been produced by a transient noise pulse since a dial pulse would last longer than five millisecond.s so that YHKSWT would still be low after five milliseconds. In summary, when the handset 16 goes off-hook, the system shifts to state "c" at 244 in wait of a dial pulse or an on-hook con~
dition. Either a dial pulse, an on-hook condition or a trans-ient noise pulse causes the system to enter state "e" at 254 in which it is determined which of these conditions produced YHKSWT. If ~he YHRSWT low was an on-hook condi~ion, the sys-tem reverts to state "a'1 via transition state "x" at 264; and if YHKSWT low was a dial pulse, a dial pulse output HDP is produced and a valid off-hook condition HOFHKT is produced for the duration of the dial pulse generated by the dialing mech-anism after which the system returns to state "c" at 244 in wait of another dial pulse or an off-hook condition.
One implementation of the synchronous state logic diagram utilizing standard logic circuits is shown in Fig. 8.
A synchronous state logic diagram for a station se-quencer portion of circuit 36 is illustrated in Figc 9. Each circuit 36a or 36b controls access to only four audio links, either the "A" group links or the "B" group links. The system is initially in state "a" at 310. Assuming that the station is idle and no calls are coming in, YCALL is found to be low at 312, YFLAS~ is found to be low at 314, YOFHKT is found to be low at 316 and YHKSWR is found to be low at 318 so that the system remains in state "a". When the station handset 16 is taken off-hook, YOFHKT goes high, as explained in reference to the synchronous state logic diagram of Fig. 5, causing the system to examine YSYBS at 320. As explained hereinafter, YSYBS is generated whenever all of the audio links are busy.
It operates independently and as~ynchronously of the station ~13~

sequencer of Fig. 9 and examines the status of all of the links to determine if any links are available for access by the station controller. As explained above, a high is genera-ted on the LKAHA line during any link access period in which its corresponding "A" group link is available. Similarly, a high is produced on the LKAHB line during any link access per-iod when its corresponding "B" link is available.
A circuit 330 for generating YSBYS whenever none of the audio links in the system are available is illustrated in Fig. 10. A logic high present on the data input to flip-flop 332 is clocked to its ~ output by an FLS pulse which occurs during each link access period for link lA and lB. If one of the four audio links to which the controller circuit 36 is connected is available, YLKA will be high for at least one of the link access periods, causing flip-flop 332 to be reset be-fore the high on the data input is clocked to its Q output by the next FLS pulse. Thus at the end of four link access peri-ods the output of the flip-flop 332 is clocked to the output of flip-flop 334 by the subsequent FLS pulse. If YLKA reset the flip-flop 332 during any of the link access periods before the FLS pulse clocks flip-flop 334, a logic low at the output of flip-flop 332 is clocked to the output of 334. If YLKA has not gone low during any of the four link access periods prior to the FLS pulse clocking the flip-flop 334, the logic high which was previously clocked to the output of flip- flop 332 is clocked to the output of flip~flop 334. It should be re-membered that one system busy circuit 330 is provided for each circuit 36 controlling either the "A" audio links or the "B"
group audio links. As explained above, if YSYBS exists for the circuit 36 controlling the "A" group audio links, the cir-cuit 36b examines LKAHB in search of an available "B" group - 1~3~i7~
link. If system busy circuit 334 circuit 36b controlling the ~'s" group audio links is unable to f ind an av~ ble "B " group link, a system BUS~ signal is produced which causes a busy signal to be tramsitted to the ear piece of the calling sta~
tion.
With reference back to the station sequencer syn-chronous logic diagram of Fig~ 9, if all of the audio links are busy, the sys~em enters state "k" at 340 in which a ~USY
output is produced. YOFHKT is continuously examined at 342 in state "k", causing ~he system to remain in state "k" as long as the handset for the calling station remains off-hookO When YHKSWT (Fig. 6) goes low responsive to hanging up the handset, a logic low YOFHKT occur causing the system to return to state "a" at 310.
If that at least one audio link is available when the YOFHKT goes high, the system examines YLKA at 344 until all the link access period corresponding to the available link is reached at which time YLKA (the LKAHA or LKAHB inputs to circuits 36a,b, respectively) goes high. The system then sequences through states "f", "g", "h" and ~i" in blocks 346, 348, 350, 352, respectively. In all of these states 346-352 an HBI output is produced to indicate that the controller cir-cuit 36 is busy. In state "i", ~OFHKT is examined at 354. If YOFHKT is high, the system produces an HSTAB output at 356 and continues to sequence through states "f", "g", "h" and "i"~
The HSTAB output is connected to the gate of a field effect tran~istor (FET) 360 illustrated in Fig. 11. The drain of the FET is connected to the LKAHA output of the controller 36 and, in its open drain condition, is normally held at ground by resistor 362. Whenever the ~ISTAB output is produced, the LKAHA bus is pulled low during the link access period to ~3~'74~
indicate that the station controller is connected to the audio link corresponding to that link access period. A different circuit of the same configuration is used to yenerate a ring acknowledge signal RAKL from an HRAK signal.
Referring back to Fig. 9, an internal flag is also reset at 356 whenever the station sequencer has followed the above-described loop, thereby indicating that the station has been off-hook and connected to an audio link. The system, in states "f", "g", "h" or "i", also produces a LINK signal which enables an analog s~itch control illustrated in Fig~ 12. With reference now, also, to Fig. 12, two state variables "A" and "Ct for the four states "f", "g", "h" and "i" are decoded by NOR gates 370-376 that feed the data inputs of respective flip flops 378-384. Thus, a high is applied to flip-flop 384 in state "f" since state variable "A" and state variable "C"
are both logic low during this state but not in states "g", "h" or "i". Similarly, flip-flop 378 receives a logic high from NOR gate 370 in state i ~ince state variable "A" is low and state variable "C" is high during this state. The flip flops 378-384 are clocked by the FLS pulse which marks the beginning of the link scannin~ cycle. Thus the Q outputs of the flip~flops 378 indicate which of the four sta~es "f", "g", "h" or "i" that the station sequencer was in at the time the link scanning cycle began. This provides demultiplexed in-formation identifying which audio link the station is connect-ed to in order to connect the output of audio coupling circuit 50 to the proper link by switch 52 (Fig. 2). The outputs of flip-flops 378-384 are connected to the switch outputs of cir-cuit 36 through respective inverters 386.
To understand the manner in which the switch control circuit of Fig. 12 identifies which link has been accessed, it ~13~; ~4~L

is important to follow the timing seq~ence of the system as it cycles through states "f", "g", "h" and llj,11. Assume for pur-poses of illustration that YLKA is determined to be high at 334 during the link access period for the third audio link (either link 3A or link 3B). The system then enters state "f"
at 346 during the fourth link access period, state "y" at 348 during the first link access period, state "h" at 350 during the second link access period and state "i" at 352 during the third access period. As the system remains in the loop con-tinuing to sequence ~hrough states 'If-i" the sequencer always enters state i during the third link access period. Conse-quently, when the flip-flops 378-384 of Fig. 12 are clocked by the FLS pulse occurring during the first link access period, the system will be in state "g" at 348 so that only NOR gate 374 will be producing a high output. This high output is clocked to the output of flip flop 382 to drive analog switch No. 3.
Referring back to the synchronous state logic dia-gram of Fig. 9 for the station sequencer, the station contin-ues to sequence through states "f", "g", "h" and "i" as long as YOFHKT remains high as determined at 354, thereby indica-ting an off-hook condition. When the station goes on-hook again, YOFHKT goes low. The station sequencer, in state "i", then examines an internal flag at 400. Since the station has been off-hook and on a link, the flag was reset at 356 so that the station shifts to an OFF condition, state "a".
The sequence for receiving an incoming call as ex-plained with reference to Fig. 9. If a called station is idle, it will be in state "a" at 310. An incoming call is in dicated by a high logic level for YCALL multiplexed in the link access period corresponding to the link to which the calling station is connected (it being remembered that the decoder 70 and "A" link delay and detect circui~ 72 of Fig. 2 caused the enabling signal YCALL to be presented to the cir-cuit 36 at the same time regardless of whether the station address was valid during the first part of the link access period because the callng station was connected to an "A" link or during the second part of the link access period because the calling station was connected to a "B" link). The station sequencer recognizes the YCALL high signal at 312 causing the system to sequence through states "b", "c", "d" and "e" at 402, 404, 406 and 408, respectively. In state "e", the se-quencer will be synchronized with the incoming call so that a ring acknowledge pulse HRAK is generated during the link ac-cess period corresponding to the link to which the calling station is connected. In this regard sequencing through the states "b-e" to synchronize the HRAK output with the link ac-cess period of the calling station is similar to the manner in which sequencing through states "f-i" synchronizes the LINK
output in state "i" to link access period for the first available link. Thus, if a call is received on link 2 the system enters state "b" during the third link access period, state "c" during the fourth link access period, state "b"
during the first link access period and state "e" during the second link access period.
The HRAK output produced at 408 controls an FET 360 (E'ig. 11) having an open drain which is normally pulled high through resistor 362. However, the drain of the FET 360 is pulled low during the link access period corresponding to the link to which the calling station is connected by the HSTAB
signal which is produced during that time. ~s explained above, the ~AKL signal informs the calling link controller 38 3~3~;r~f~

that the called station is not busy and causes a ring-back signal to be transmitted to the calling station.
Referring back ~o Fig. 9, the sequencer continues to recirculate through states l'bl', I'c", "d" and "e" at 402-408 as long as the called station remains on-hook and the calling station remains off-hook (assuming that the called station is not in the auto-answering mode as explained hereinafter). The system, in states "b-e", also generates a RING output which is applied to a ring-out circuit 420 to produce the BELL output for use as explained in reference to Fig. 2.
As illustrated in Fig. 13, the rinq-out circuit 420 provides the option of single burst ringing depending on the state of RC. If the station sequencer is in states "b", "c"
"d" or "e", RING is high thereby removing the reset frorn flip-flop 422. On the next negative transition of FR, the Q
output of flip-flop 422 goes high enabling the output NAND
gate 422 causing BELL to go high. If RC is high, the high output of flip-flop 422 is clocked into flip-flop 426 on the next positive transition of FR which disables the output gate so that BELL is produced for only one ringing pulse. Because FR is used to used to clock the flip-flops 422-426, the ring control circuit 420 will not ring out until a full FR cycle begins, thereby disallowing the possibility of a short ring-out pulse. If RC is low, flip-flop 426 is held reset and the gate will be enabled as long as RING is high, thereby produc-ing multiple ringing. As soon as RING goes low, flip-flop 422 is reset, gate 424 is disabled and BELI. drops low. Also, flip-flop 426 is reset through NOR gate 428 and inverter 430.
When Y~KSWR i8 high, yate 424 is also disabled so that no ringing occurs after a call0d station goe~ from on-hook ring-ing to off-hook on an outside line not connected with the in-tercom.

7~1 Returning, once again to the synchronous state logic diagram of Fig. 9, the sequencer Will continue to recirculate through states "b-e" with the state of YOFHKT ~eing checked at 440 each cycleO If the called station does not answer and the calling station discon~inues the call, YCALL will go low which will be detected at 442 to cause the sequencer to return to the idle state, state "a". If the s~ation ans~lers, the trans-ition of YOFHKT from low to high will be detected at 440, causing the sequencer to sequence through states "f-i" as explained above. The called station will now be synchronized to the link to which the calling station is connected and its analog switch will connect the audio of the called station to that link. The sequencer then recirculates through states "f-i" in the same manner as described above when the link was accessed from the idle state "a" by the calling station.
The station sequencer also includes an auto-answer capability which causes the called station to automatically answer if it is not already busy. The auto-answer capability is enabled by setting the AUTO input high by manipulating a manually actuated switch. When the station sequencer is in ~tate "a" and the station is called, the sequencer will step through states "b-e" at 402-408. When the sequencer is in state "e", a HRAK pulse is sent to the link controller 38 for the link to which the calling station is connected. Since the called station is on-hook, J~OFHKT for the called station is low. However, because the auto~answer feature has been enab-led, AUTO is high as determined at 444 causing the sequencer to transition from state "e" to state "f" even though YOFHKT
is still low. The sequencer then steps through steps "f-i" in synchronism with the link access period for the link to which 4~L

the calling station is connected in the same manner as if the called station went off~hook causing YOFHKT to go high. How-ever, since the called station is still on-hook when the se-quencer reaches state "i", YOFHKT is low as determined at 354.
Since the internal flag has not been reset at 356, the sequen-cer then follows a different recirculation path from the re-circulation path followed if the called station goes off-hook.
Since YOFHRT is low and YFL~G is still high as detected at 400, AUTO is high as detected at 446 and, since the calling party is connected to the link, YLKA is low as detected at 448, causing the sequencer to recirculate to state "f" at 346.
The sequencer will continue recirculating through states "f-i"
as long as YLKA is at zero, meaning that the calling party is still on the link. If the called station goes off-hook, the sequencer branches from the previous recirculation path at 354, thereby resetting the internal flag at 356 and causing LKAH to be pulled low through the FET 360 (Fig. 11). The called station now has control of the link to which the call-ing and called stations are connected. If the called station subsequently goes on-hook/ YOFHKT goes low. However, since the flag has been reset at 356, the station then transitions through 354 and 400 to state "a", the idle state.
The YHKSWR input at 318 allows the station to be put into a state that will not produce a ring acknowledge. Start-ing from state "a" at 310, if the calling station is not off-hook on the intercom line, YOFHKT is low and the YHKSWR input is also low. However, if a station goes off-hook but is not connected to an intercom line, YOFHKT remains low but YHKSWR
goes high. Since YOFHKT has been determined to be low at 316 and YHKSWR has been determined to be high at 318, the system shifts to state ";" at 450. The sequencer remains in this JA~

inactive state as long as YHKSWR is found to be high a~ 452, resulting from the station remaining off-hook, and YOFHKT is found to be low at 454, resulting from the station not being connected to an intercom line. If the station goes on-hook, a YHKSWR low is detected at 452 to return the sequencer to state "ai' at 310. Similarly, if the station becomes connected to an intercom line while ofE-hook, a YOFHKT high is detected at 454 to transition the sequencer first through state "a" at 310 and then immediately to 344 through 312, 314, 316 and 320. The inactive state "j" at 450 prevents the station from re~urning a ring acknowledge if the station happens to be addressed by a calling station. Since a ring acknowledge RAKL is not produc-ed by the called station, the calling station will not receive a ring-back. Thus, when a station is connected to an outside line it will not produce an audible ring when the station is selected by a calling station.
As mentioned above, implementation of the station sequencer once a synchronous state logic diagram and a state assignment chart has been prepared is fairly straightforward.
One implementation of the station sequencer of Fig. 9 is shown in the scbematic of Fig. 14. The efficiency of a logic cir-cuit produced from a synchronous state logic diagram is rela-tively high but, unfortunately, the apparent complexity of the logic circuit implementation of the synchronous state logic diagram resulting from that efficiency limits the ability to easily and quickly understand a system by reference to the logic circuit implementation. For this reason the system has been explained with reEerence to the synchronous state logic diagrams of E'igs. ~ and 9 instead oE by reference to the logic circuit implementations of E'igs. 8 and 14.

74~

The primary purpose of the link controllers 38 is to facilitate and control the process of making an intercom call.
It decodes dialing signals from a dual-tone multi-frequency dialing mechanism or dial pulses from a rotary dialing mechan-ism, sends station address signals to the signal generator 42 via a time division multiplexed bus 40 to designate a called station and applies call progress tones to its audio link.
A block diagram for four link controllers 38 which control the operation o~ audio links lA, 2A, lB and 2B is il-lustrated in Fig. 15. Four additional link controllers 38 control the operation of audio links 3A, 4A, 3B and 4B. When the station controller 30 for a calling station finds an available link, it drives the LKAH bus low. Assuming that an "A" link is found to be available, L~AHA goes low during the link access period corresponding to the available link. Assum-ing that the available link is lA, LKAH high during the first link access period is demultiplexed at 510 to continuously present a LKAH signal to a link controller circuit for link lA
which, as explained hereinafter, is primarily a microproces-sor. The link demultiplexing signals C1 and C2 are generated by synchronizing clock generator 512 which is clocked by the clock frequency 2FO~ and is timed by the signal Fl-2H as illustrated in Fig. 17. Cl and C2 demultiplex DPH, LHAH and RAKL by clocking the demultiplexer 510 at Tl and T5. The same synchronized clock generator also generates the multiplexer control signal, A and B. These are binary control signals which control the station address multiplexer 570, 572, etc.
The multiplexers serve to place the ~tation address generated by the link controller circuit~, 520, on the ~tation address bus, 40, during the ~tation addre~s time slots as indicated in Fig. 17. Another ~ynchronlzed clock generator 512 is enabled by F3-4H, the inverse of Fl-2H, to control the demultiplexers ~L~36~1 510 for links 3A-4B. The microprocessor 520 then generate~ a DTRlA output to indicate that a station is connected to the lA
link and is ready to dial a called station. A scanner control 522 driven by Fl-2H causes a number of single pole, 5-thro~
switches 524, 526, 528, 530 and 532 to sequentially connect a single input or output line to one of several input or output lines. The primary purpose of the scanner is to allow four link controllers to share a single dual-tone multi-frequency deeoder. Switch 528 sequentially scans the DTR outputs of the link controller circuits 520. As scanning continues, the switch 528 ultimately connects the DTRlA output of the link controller 520 to the scanner control 522 to stop the scan at a position corresponding to audio link lA. Audio link lA is then connected to a conventional multi-frequency tone decoder 540 through switch 524 which generates BCD data on four line bus 554 identifying the number corresponding to the tone com-bination on audio link lA. Link controller circuit 520 then records the first digit in memory and waits for the second digit to be decoded by the decoder 540 and conveyed to the circuit 520 through bus 540. When the data are presented to the output of the decoder 540, the decoder 540 also generates a data valid strobe which is seleetively coupled to only the link eontroller circuit 520 for the lA link by the switch 526.
Thus, even though the data from tone decoder 540 are trans-mitted to all link controllers lA-2B, only the link controller eircuit for the lA link 520 responds to these date. This strobe signal also resets a call progress timer whieh frees the decoder 540 from a link if a number is not dialed within a predetermined period.
If the ealling station i~ equipped with a conven-tional rotary dial meehanism, dial pulses DPLA or DPLB are 113~41 applied to the link controllers 520, 521 or 523, 525, respec~
tively, which counts the number of pulses for each digit to determine the address of the called stati~n.
When the scanner control 522 stops scanning, a DTRlA
signal is applied to a switch 527 ~hrough analog switch 529 to connect a dial tone to the audio link 1~ indicating to the calling station that a station should be selected on its dial-ing mechanism.
As mentioned above, the link controller circuits 520, 521, 523, 525 for four links lA-2B all utilize a single tone receiver 540. Consequently, it is desirable for the sys-tem to free the tone receiver 540 for use by other link con-troller circuits after it has been used by each link control-ler circuit to decode a called station address. Whenever the last digit has been dialed on a station connected to link lA, lALDR goes high which is detected by OR gate 560 and applied to the scanner 522 through switch 530 to restart the scanning operation. Similarly, whenever a dial pulse is generated by a station controller, indicating that the station is not equipped with a dual-tone multifrequency dialing mechanism, lADPH goes high thereby applying a restart signal to scanner control 522 through OR gate 560 and switch 530.
The first and second digit addresses for the called station are presented to respective multiplexers 570, 572 which apply the address signals to bus 40 when the A and B
outputs of the synchronous clock generator are both logic "O", which corresponds to link lA. As explained above, the signal generator 42 then places appropriate signals on bus 44 to en-able the station controller 30 for the called station during so that the called station connects itself to the lA link.
Although the link controller 3~ has been explained only for ~3~1 link lA, it will be unders~ood that links 2A, lB and 2e opera-te in the same manner. Links 3A, 4A, 3B and 4B also operate in a similar manner except that synchronized clock generator 512 and the scanner controller 522 receive ~3-4H which i5 the inverse of Fl-2H.
With reference now to Figs. 16 and 17, it will be noted that there are eight links. Multiplexing for half of the links, lA-2B, is done by four interconnected link control-lers while multiplexing for the remaining four links is accom-plished by four other interconnected link controllers. When Fl-2~ goes high, flip-flop 570 is enabled through resistor 572 which is clocked to the Q output by a 2FOH pulse at Tl (Fig.
17). Counter 574 is then enabled by the low at the Q output of 570 so that it is incremented by the 2FOH pulse train.
Counter 574 is thus clocked through four states. After Fl-?H
goes low, flip-flop 570 is clocked low thus resetting the counter 574. The outputs of the counter 574 drive four multi-plexers 576, 578, 580, 582 which apply the called station ad-dresses at the outputs of link controllers 520 to the bus 40 during the station address valid periods of each link access period corresponding to the eight links. It should be men-tioned that the outputs of counter 574 are the A and B outputs of the synchronized clock generator, 512, of Fig. 15. Note that the system clock FOH leading edge at T4 occurs in the middle of the pulse from the QO output of flip-flop 574. This signal coincides with the station address valid periods shown in Fig. 5 since it is this signal which gates the station ad-dresses onto the bus 40.
LDRH signals from the signal generator 42 are multi-plexed in the same time slots as the address signals for the called station. Thus, LDRH for link lA occurs during the link ~1 ~ ~L3~r,~4~L
access period for link lA. The mul~iplexed LDRH bus is ap-plied to the data input of latch 590 ~hrough resistor 592.
Sampling pulses developed by I~AND gate 5g4 are applied to the write disable input of the latch 590. The multiplexed LDRH
signal for link access periods lA, lB, 2A, 2B are applied to the outputs of latcn 590 at Q0, Ql, Q2, Q3~ It should be mentioned that latch 590 and associated circuitry correspond to the demultiplexer 532 of the block diagram of Fig. 15.
The DPL, LKAH and RAKL signals are multiplexed on their respectives buses so that they only occur during the link access period corresponding to the link to which the calls or calling station is connected. These periods are Fl and F2 in Fig. 17. These signals for the "Al' audio links are demultiplexed at 620, 622 and for the "B" audio links by demultiplexers 624, 626. Thus, whenever, for example, a ring acknowledgment is produced hy a call station connected to the lA bus a demultiplexed RAKLA signal from demultiplexer 620 is continuously presented to the microprocessor 520.
As explained above, the link scanner looks for a dial tone request from the link controller circuits 520, 521, 523, 525 (Fig. 15). When it notes a DTR high, it connects the audio link which is associated with the link processor circuit generating the DTR signal to the tone decoder 540. The rone receiver is disconnected and scanning is resumed if 10 seconds pass without the calling station dialingl rotary dial pulsing or hook flash is received, the calling ~tation hangs up or a dual tone multi-frequency dialing sequence is completed. A
scan counter 700 (corresponding to scanner control 522 of Fig~
15) is clocked by Fl-2 from enabled NAND gate 702. It then causes the switches 524, $29, 530, S26, S28, 710, 712 to se-quence through each of their ~our positions. Thus, if a dial ~ 3~4~
tone request ~TR is genera~ed by link 2A, flip-flop 71S is clocked high. When counter 700 is in the one state, switch 528 passes the high from flip-flop 716 to the data input of flip flop 718. Since counter 700 is clocked on the negative edge while flip-flop 718 is clocked on the positive edge, flip-flop 718 is clocked high one-half of a clock cycle later.
The low at the Q output of flip-flop 718 thus disables NAMD
gate 702 so that counter 718 no longer increments from being clocked by Fl-2H. The high at the Q output of flip-flop 718 is fed through switch 710 to OR gate 720 which resets flip-flop 716. However, the logic low at the ~ output of flip-flop 718 continues to disable NAND gate 702. Thus, the scanner stays locked in counter 700 01 position until flip-flop 718 is subsequently reset as explained hereinafter. Flip-flop 718 causes switch 524 to connect the tone receiver to audio link 2a. Dial tone is also applied to audio link 2A by switch 529 and 730 whenever a dial tone request DTRA is received.
The logic high clocked to the Q output of flip-flop 718 produces a logic low at the reset terminals to counter 724, 726 through enabled NAND gate 728 permitting the counters 724, 726 to increment. After 10 seconds the Q6 output of counter 726 goes high thereby resetting flip-flop 718 to re-sume scanning, and set flip-flop 84- through switch 712. If flip-flop 740 is set, a busy signal is applied to the audio link as explained hereinafter and future dial tone requests would be inhibited by a logic high applied to OR gate 720 which would maintain flip-flop 716 reset.
Each tlme the tone receiver 540 (E'ig. lS) decodes a dual tone multifrequency dialing input, a strobe signal is generated which is applied to the appropriate link controller circuit 520 throuyh switch 526~ The strobe pulse is also in-~3~

verted at 750 and applied ~o the reset terminals of the coun-ters 724, 726 through NAMD gate 728, thereby reinicializing the 10-second timeout. Thus, as long as the calling station dials a number within 10 seconds after a dial tone request is received at flip~flop 716, the scanning circuit remains set to the 2A link. If, however, a number is not dialed within 10 second, scanning resumesO
After the dialing sequence is completed, a 2ALD~H
signal is generated by the signal generator which resets flip--flop 718 through OR gate 560b and switch 530. The reset ter-minal to flip-flop 718 is normally held at logic high since resistor 746 is connected to ground. Scanning thus continues until another dial tone request DTRH is received. If the scanner is stopped, a hook flash, hang-up or rotary dialing pulse will also reset flip-flop 718 and restore scanning res-ponsive to a signal generated by the microprocessor. The circuitry for audio links lA, lB and 2B operate in the same manner as the circuitry for audio link 2A.
NOR gates 760, 762 control the application of a busy tone to link "A", and identical circuits to other links apply the busy signal to those links. NOR gate 760 enables NOR gate 762 whenever 10 seconds have elapsed since a number is dialed by a calling station. NOR gate 762 is also enabled by an out-put of processor 520 through NOR gate 760 whenever a station connected to a given link is busy. Analog switch 770 connects the RINGBACK signal to the audio link under the control of processor 520 whenever a ring acknowledge is transmitted by the called station. Other equivalent groups of components have performed similar functions for other links.
The link controller microprocessor 520 is reset by the demultiplexed LKAHA signal on its P0 pin. Thus, the cir-~4 ~ ~ ~t~7 ~

cuit 520 is re~et when the link with which it is associated isnot accessed.
The system al50 includes circuitry for causing a given link to simulate busy to facilitate testing of other links. Opening a busy out switch 780 when the link is not be-ing accessed by a station generates a logic high at the output of NOR gate 782 ~hich saturates transistor 784 through resis-tor 78Ç during the link access period corresponding to that link. Since the collector of transis~or 584 is connected to the LKAHA buss, LKA~A will be pulled low durng the link access period, thus simulating that the link is already connected to a station. Circuit 520 then assumes that its link is busy and it eauses transistor 788 to periodically saturate through re-sistor 790 thus periodically illuminating LE~ 792 through re-sistor 794. Thus, if one desires to test the link controller for link lB, all busy out switches except one for link lB are opened so that the only available link is link lB.
A summary flow chart for the operation of the link circuit microprocessor 520 is illustrated in Fig. 18. When a station accesses the link, the microprocessor comes out of reset and is initially in the dial tone state "1" at 812.
The system can leave the dial tone state "lil in a number of modes. The systen, can be flashed from the dial tone state "1" to the inactive state ll0n. Generally, however, the system leaves state "1" by either actuating the rotary dialing mechanism or the tone dialing mechanism. After each digit is dialed, the system determines whether that digit was the last to be dialed at 814. On all digits but the last digit the system then enters state "2" at 816 in which it waits for another digit to be dialed. When the next diyit is dialed, the system determines whether that digit wa~ the la.st digit to 3~741 be dialed at 818 and, if not, remains in state "2" at 816.
When the last digit is dialed, ~he systern determines whether the called station is busy at 820. If the called sta-tion is not busy, the system enters the ringback state "4" at 822 in which a ringback tone is transmitted to the calling station and a ring is produced at the called station. If the called station is busy~ the system enters BUSY state "3" at 824. If a "camp-on" switch has been actuated, the system wiL1 automatically transition to the ringback state "4" at 822 when the called station is no longer busy. If the camp-on feature has not been enabled, the system returns to state "3". There-after, state "3" can be left only by hanging up or by genera-ting a hook flash which either returns the system to state "0"
or state "1" depending upon whether more than one station is found to be on the link at 828. Thus, if two stations are conversing on the same link in state "0" and one of the sta-tions flashes to enter the dial tone state "1", and, then, after the called station is dialed, the station is busy, the system can be flashed out of state "3" back to state "0" so that two-way communication between the two stations can once again occur. However, if only one station is on the line, the system transitions to dial tone state "1" so that either an-other station can be dialed or the calling station can go on-hook to return to state IlOn.
The system leaves ringback state "4" in one of three modes. First, the called station can answer, in which case the system returns to the inactive state "0" to allow two-way communication between the calllng and caLled stations. Alter-natively, the calling station can produce a hook fla~h. If it is determined at 828 that there ar0 two stations on the link, the system returns to the inactive state "0" 80 that two-wa~

, .

~:3~
communication between the two stations can occur~ If only one station is on the link, the system transitions to dial tone state "1" at 812 so that the calling station can call a dif-ferent station.
Operation in the inactive state "~" is described as follows: If a conference enable switch has been activated, the system will transition to a dial tone state at 81~ when-ever a hook flash occurs in state 810 If the conference en-able feature has not been enabled and there is more than one station connected to the link, the system returns to the in-active state at 810. This is because conference enable has not been actuated indicating that only two stations may be on a link at the same time. If it is determined that two sta-tions are, in fact, on the link at 816, then the system should return to the inactive state 810 to allow two-way communica-tion between the two stations. If, however, only one station is on thé link, 816 transitions the system from state "0' to state "1" at 812~ Thus, if two stations are communicating in state "0" and conference enable is set, the dial tone state may be accessed by generating a hook flash. Otherwise, the dial tone state can only be entered at 812 when one station is on the link.
If a station hangs up in any state, the system will remain in that same state. If, however, that station was the last to hang up, LKAH will go high, thus resetting the micro-processor, so that when the link is again accessed, the system will begin operation in the dial tone "1l' state, B12.
A flow chart for implementing the flow chart summary of Fig. 8 is illustrated in Fig. 19. The flow chart requires fairly straicJhtforward progra~ing to generate appropriate in-structions dependinc3 upon the specific model microprocessor ~L~L3~
employed. Such programminy task can easily be accomplished in under six man-months.
A block diagram of the signal generator 42 (Fig. 1) is illustrated in Fig. 20. Basically, the signal generator decodes dual-tone multi-frequency dialing signals from the link controllers 38 and it generates a number of signals which are used by the remainder of the system. The address of the called station for the first digit is conveyed to a decoder 900 via a four line bus 40 (Fig. 1), and the second digit of the called station is connected to a second decoder 902 and to an OR gate 904 through four line bus 40. As explained above in reference to Fig. 15, the addresses of the called station for the fixst and second digits are time multiplexed. Thus the sigals on bus 40 during a given link access period are generated by the station connected to the link corresponding to that access period. Decoder 900 converts its binary input to turn on one of eight output lines designated S20H-S9OH and generalized to be SXXH. Decoder 902 is a bi-quinary decoder in which its BCD input actuates one of five lines SlH to S5H
and either S+OH or S+5H depending upon whether the outputs SlH
-S5H designate the low order numbers of a digit or the high order numbers of a digit. Thus, if the second digit is 8, S+5H and S3H go high whereas if the second digit is 2, S+OH
and S2H go high. The S+OH and S+5H lines are designated in the station controller schematics as S+XH whereas the SlH-S5H
outputs are specifically identified. OR gate 904 determines when a second digit is received to generate an LDR pulse which informs the link controllers that the last digit has been re-ceived by the signal generator. rrhe LDR signal is, of course, time multiplexed so that it provides last digit information to all of the link controllers. LDR could be generated after any 7~
number of digits to provide for special dial cocles or gr~ater length codes for equipment sizes greater than 80 stations.
I~he signal generator 42 also includes a tone and clock generator 910 which has an internal clock and generates BUSY, RINGBACK and DIAL TONE signals which are selectively applied to the audio links as explained above, various clock signals FLS, 2FO~I, FOH, Fl-2H and F3-4H which are shown in the timing diagrams of Figs. 5 and 17. rrhe circuit glO also gen-erates a ring frequency signal FR which is utilized as ex-plained above.
Additional details of the signal generator are il-lustrated in the schematic of Fig. 21. The system includes a 3.59 mHz clock circuit 940 which drives a 12-stage, divided by 4094 counter 942. Various outputs of the counter 942 are used to generate 14, 56 and 112 kHz outputs. 2FOH is taken directly from the 112 kHz output and FOH is produced directly from the 56 kHz output. FLS is generated by decoding other outputs by AND gate 944 through inverters 946, 948. FLS is a relatively short synchronizing pulse which occurs once every FOH pulse. Fl-2~ is produced directly from the 14-kHz output of counter 942 while F3-4H is produced by inverter 950 as its inverse.
As explained above, the time multiplexed first digit signals from the link controllers are applied to decoder 900 through resistors 960. The bus 40 over which the signals are received is normally held low by resistors 962.
Similarly, time rnultiplexed second digits are coup-led to decoder 964 through resiskors 966~ These lines are floating, but normally held low by re~istors 968. Decoder 964 is identical to decoder 900, but other circuitry causes it to act as a by-quinary decoder. Accordingly, SlH is produced by ANn gate 960 whenever decoder 96~ deco~es either 1 or 6 (1 +
5) the remaining OR gates 972-978 function in a similar manner except that OR gate 978 produces an S5H output whenever a bin-ary O or 5 is decoded by NOR gate 960 and NAND gate 982. S~5H
high is produced by OR gate 984 and 986 whenever the high or-der bit of the binary input to decoder 964 is high or the six or seven outputs of decoder 964 are high. Otherwlse, a low S+5H causes NOR gate 988 to generate S+OH high whenever de-coder 964 does not decode a zero.
The signal generator also produces a BUSY 1 output which is applied to a link when a station is busy. A BUSY 2 output which is applied directly to the station controllers whenever all of the links are busy. Accordingly, a 440 Hz output of counter 1000 clocks counter 1002 which generates a 40 Hz output since the Ql, Q2 and Q4 outputs are applied to AND gate 1004, the outputs of which reset counter 1002. The 40 Hz output of counter 1002 is further divided by counter 1006 and specific outputs of counter 1006 are combined by ~OR
gate 1008, 1010 and inverted by inverter 1012 to produce FR
which actuates a ringer 12 in the called station 10. Outputs from counter 1006 are also applied to NAND gate 1014 to gen-erate a system busy output FB if system busy tone enable switch 1016 is closed. The system busy output FB is a 350 Hz tone having a 2 Hz interruption rate. The busy signal BUSYl for a station busy is also a 350 Hz tone generated by NAND
gate 1018, but its interruption rat~ is 1 ~z, half that of the system busy signal E'B. A 2FE'L signal is also generated by in-verter 1020 which has the same requency as the system busy repetition rate.
The 0.8 second on, 2.4 seconds off signal generated by NOR gate 1010 also gates a 440 Hz ignal through NAND gate ~L~L3~7~
,, , .. ~
1022 which is combined with a 40 E~ signal by NO~ gate 1024 and amplified and filtered at 1026 to produce a RI~lGBACK sig-nal which is heard by the calling station when the called station is not busy. Under some circurnstances it is not desi-rable for the calling station to receive a RINGBACK in which case ringback enable switch 1028 is closed.
The signal generator also produces a dia:L tone by combining a 350 Hæ signal from counter 941 and the 440 Hz signal from counter 1000. These signals are applied to a dial tone amplifier and filtering circuit 1030 which produces a DIALTONE which is applied to the link to which a calling station is connected when an available link is siezed. Under some circumstances it is not desirable for the calling station to receive a dial tone, in which a dial tone disable switch 1032 is closed.
The inventive system has been described herein as utilizing two self-contained controller circuits for each sta-tion, each connectable to four audio linXs, in order to access eight links. It will be understoodr however, that the inven-tive concept applies to the use of more than two controller circuits in each station controller to expand the number of links in the system. Also, two or more self-contained con-troller circuits which are connectable to more than four links may be used to expand the number of links in the system.

Claims (6)

CLAIMS:

1. A telephone intercom system comprising a plural-ity of self-contained station controllers each adapted to con-nect a respective telephone station to one of M audio links to make or receive a telephone call, and each having an operating cycle of M equal operating periods during which a calling sta-tion controller searches for and then connects itself to a corresponding available audio link and a called station re-ceives an enabling signal derived from a station address gen-erated by the calling station and connects itself to the audio link to which the calling station is connected said system including means for allowing N of said system controllers to operate in parallel for each station to selectively connect said station to one of M x N audio links, each of said audio links being controlled by a respective link controller which receives the station address of the called station from the calling station, decodes the address and applies the address in time-multiplexed form to a plurality of demultiplexers associated with the respective stations during one of N ad-dress valid periods of the M operating periods corresponding to the one of M x N audio links to which the calling station is connected to allow the demultiplexer for the called station to decode said time division multiplexed address and apply said enabling signal to the one of N station controllers cor-responding to the one of N address valid periods of said operating period.

2. The system of claim 1 wherein each of said stations employs two of said station controllers operating in parallel, and each of said station controllers are connected to four audio links such that any one of said stations may be connected to one of eight audio links.

3. The system of claim 1 wherein the N address valid periods corresponding to the respective N station con-trollers of each station are sequentially applied to said de-multiplexer, and wherein said demultiplexer further includes processing means for presenting an enabling signal resulting from the station address to the one of N station controllers corresponding to said address valid period at the same time that said enabling signal would be presented to the remaining N-1 station controllers for the remaining N-1 address valid periods, such that said station controllers are enabled at the same portion of each operating cycle regardless of which audio link said calling station is connected.

4. The system of claim 3 wherein said processing circuit includes first decoding means for producing said en-abling signal responsive to a station address designating the station to which said station controller is connected during each of N address valid periods of each operating period, the output of said decoding means being applied to the N station controller for said station and to memory means for storing each enabling signal produced during the first through N-1 data valid periods of said operating period and presenting each of said stored signals to a corresponding one of N-1 station controllers for the called station, and switch means for simultaneously clocking the output of said decoder means into the N station controller and the N-1 outputs of said memory means into the respective N-1 station controllers.

5. The system of claim 1 wherein said system fur-ther includes a link control bus which is in one of two states during each of said M operating periods to indicate the avail-ability of each of M corresponding audio links, and wherein said station controllers search for an available link by exam-ining said link control bus during M operating periods, said system further including busy out means for selectively making each of said links unavailable to facilitate testing of other links.

6. The system of claim 5 wherein said busy out means place said link control bus in a busy state during each operating periods corresponding to the links which are to be made unavailable.