CA1130680A - Solid fuel heat and/or gas generator for controlled combustion - Google Patents
Solid fuel heat and/or gas generator for controlled combustionInfo
- Publication number
- CA1130680A CA1130680A CA361,605A CA361605A CA1130680A CA 1130680 A CA1130680 A CA 1130680A CA 361605 A CA361605 A CA 361605A CA 1130680 A CA1130680 A CA 1130680A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- combustion chamber
- generator according
- fan
- combustion
- heat source
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
- F24B5/00—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges
- F24B5/02—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves
- F24B5/021—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves combustion-air circulation
- F24B5/023—Supply of primary air for combustion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
- F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
- F23Q7/02—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs for igniting solid fuel
- F23Q7/04—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs for igniting solid fuel with fans for transfer of heat to fuel
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE:
The invention relates to a heat and/or gas generator using solid fuels even of low quality because of high humidity content, such as wood, peat and the like. It comprises:
a combustion chamber where the fuel is loaded; an ashpit located below such a chamber; a grate separating the combustion chamber from the ashpit and having the fuel loaded in the combustion chamber resting thereon: a fan supplying the combustion air to the fuel; and at least one heat source electrically supplied and thermostatically controlled, arranged in said combustion chamber, so as to be at least partially in contact with the fuel. The fan is also thermostatically controlled and operates when at least part of the fuel reaches the combustion temperature under the effect of the electric heat source, which is then switched off.
The invention relates to a heat and/or gas generator using solid fuels even of low quality because of high humidity content, such as wood, peat and the like. It comprises:
a combustion chamber where the fuel is loaded; an ashpit located below such a chamber; a grate separating the combustion chamber from the ashpit and having the fuel loaded in the combustion chamber resting thereon: a fan supplying the combustion air to the fuel; and at least one heat source electrically supplied and thermostatically controlled, arranged in said combustion chamber, so as to be at least partially in contact with the fuel. The fan is also thermostatically controlled and operates when at least part of the fuel reaches the combustion temperature under the effect of the electric heat source, which is then switched off.
Description
~..3~
This invention relates to a heat and/or gas generator using solid fuels, and particularly low-grade fuels, even of high humidity content, such as wood, peat and the like.
Particularly, but not exclusively referring to general stoves and boilers, particularly to wood user stoves and boilers, comprising a class of heat and/or combustible gas generators capable of taking advantage of low-grade fuels, it is well known that combustion occurs uncontrollably therein, in that following a first stage, in which the combustion heat is to a major extend wasted for humidity removal, another stage of lively combustion occurs, in which undue temperatures are attained, with the result of high heat losses at the stack due to high temperature of the smokes. There is then a third and final quite fast extinction stage of the combustion with mo-derate heat emission.
It ls the primary object of the present invention to provide a heat and/or gas generator which is more effective and correspondent to use requirements, in that the combustion occurs in controlled manner, that is without those combustion peaks giving rise to high losses at the stack because of high temperature of the smokes or, in the case of combustible gas generation, to an undue oxidation (for example, from CO to CO2). In other terms, in a genera~or according to the invention, an optimum use of the fuel would occur both in connection with thermal efficiency of the generator and requirement of time programmed heat output, similarly as occurs in liquid and gaseous fuel operating generators, as well as in the case of producing combustible gases, at an optimum output of the latter.
These and further objects, which will become more apparent from the following detailed description, are achieved by a solid fuel operating heat and/or gas generator, comprising:
a combustion chamber having a grate therein with the ashpit ~3r~
located therebelow; a fan for air blowing beneath or just above the grate, characterized by comprising in said combustion . chamber at least one electrically operating, thermostatically controlled heat source, arranged below said grate and directly contacting the solid fuel.
The heat source, generally including one or more electric heating resistances, is placed in dependence of the generator starting and is turned off at a predetermined temper-ature corresponding to the fuel ignition. Such a primed com-bustion is supported by the fan air, which fan is according to an aspect of the invention turned off by means of a ther-mostat controlling it when a predetermined temperature is reached in the combustion chamber.
Advantageously, an adjustable speed type of fan is provided, either at the intake side or at the delivery side thereof a valve means may be arranged in order to regulate the flow of air blown by the fane. This regulation may be committed to a CO analy~er measuring at the smoke outlet the content of CO, and which in accordance with the measured value will control either the fan speed or the position of the valve means.
The invention will be better understood from the following detailed description given by mere way of indication and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 is a quite schematic view in vertical section taken along line I-I of Fig. 2, and showing the heat and/or gas generator according to the invention;
Fig. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the generator taken along line II-II of Fig. l; and Figs. 3 and 4 are two views similar to Figs. 1 and 2 showing a modified form of the generator.
Referring to Fig. 1, a heat and/or gas generator comprises a sheel or housing 1, made of cast iron or plate, and provided or not with finnings along the side walls.
Although not shown, the generator may provide a second shell or housing, outside of and spaced apart from said first mentioned shell or housing, provided at the bottom and at the top with air inlets and outlets, the air being heated by travelling through the space or gap between said two shells or housings, of course this where the apparatus is used as a heat generator.
The above mentioned shell or housing 1 defines a combustion chamber 2, closed at the top by a lid 3, peripherally provided with refractory seals 4, so that the combustion chamber is smoke tight sealed. At two sides of the combustion chamber, two laterally projecting zones 5 are provided where two armored electric resistance 6 are located with the axis thereof horizon-tally arranged and controlled by a conventional thermostat 6A
detecting by its sensor 6B the temperature within the combustion chamber. At the bottom, said combustion chamber 2 is defined by a removable grate 7 bearing on two sections 7A secured to the shell or housing walls. By its underside, said grate 7 also defines an ashpit 8, having a frontally extractable drawer : 9 for ash collection and where the delivery inlet 11 of a fan 10 opens, the intake inlet of said fan being shown at 12. Said fan 10 is placed within a chamber 13 separated from said ashpit and combustion chamber by an insulating partition 14.
Said fan 10 is controlled by a conventional thermostatic member lOA detecting by its sensor lOB the temperature within said combustion chamber 2.
At the outlet 17 of the combustion chamber, where the smoke temeprature should be at a too high level, a heat exchanger could be preset, or a valve (as shown by broken line at 21) comprising, for example, a pan hinged at its upper end and opening when a given pressure has been developed within ~3~
the combustion chamber. This valve could also be provided at the outlet opening 20, where it is shown at 21A. As shown, it is also possible to provide a filter 15 and a controlled level hydraulic closure 17. In this latter case, the material of said filter 15 is contained within a space defined by a vertical partition 16 (drawing in the water of said closure 17 through a predetermined length) and by a perforated horizontal wall 18.
The cleaned smokes, after achieving s~ch a pressure as to pass ~ the lower end of partition l~, come to the chamber through the space 19 and outlet opening 20. The space of filter 15 and the adjoining space 19 are closed at the top by a removable lid 22, smoke tight sealing such spaces by peripheral seals or gaskets.
The operation of the generator is as follows:
The lid 3 is removed and through the resulting i opening the fuel (for example wood) is loaded on grate 7; then, the lid is brought back to position, an electric starting contact is closed for turning on the electric heating resistances 6. The fuel contacting or close thereto is heated: when that portion of the fuel close to the resistances reaches a predetermined temperature (or ~uel ignition temperature~, the fan 10 is thermostatically started and the resistances turned out. With the operation of said fan 10, the combustion is activated and an overpressure is developed within the combustion chamber. The smokes are exhausted therefrom when, due to overpressure, a suitable displacement is provided for the water mass or volume of the hydraulic closure 17.
Upon reaching a determined maximum temperature, the fan is thermostatically turned off. The combustion in the 30 combustion chamber decreases and finally ceases when sufficient air is lacking: the temperature within the combustion chamber gradually decreases until, by thermostatic operation, the _4_ ~3~~ r3 resistances 6 are supplied again (to prime the new combustion) and then the fan is started.
The operation is similar where the apparatus operates as a gas generator. In such a case, the object if to provide combustible gas with high percentage of carbon monoxide, and accordingly at the smoke outlet, for example in space 19, a probe 23 can be inserted of an automatic CO analyzer, shown at 24, which will act on the flow of air supplied by the fan, operating on the latter when the CO content o~ the smokes should be lower than a threshold value. That is, should the CO con-centration as measured by apparatus 24 be lower than a threshold value, said fan lO is stopped and is started when such a threshold value is exceeded. For example, the fan could be a two speed type of fan, and in such a case the adjustment will be effected on the two speeds. Alternatively, the apparatus i 24 can continuously adjust, in accordance with the CO value and by an interlocked motor 25, the position of a butterfiy valve, which may be located either on the intake side 12 of the fan, or on the delivery side ll thereof. ~his will enable to provide the maximum production or output of carbon monoxide.
The embodiment shown in Figs. 3 and 4 is substantially equivalent to that of the preceding figures of the accompanying drawings, so that to indicate like and corresponding parts, the same reference numerals are used, but added to 100. In this embodiment, which is simpler than the former embodiment, both said filter 15 and hydraulic closure 17 have been eliminated, so that reference numeral ll9 designates a two smoke turn heat exchanger. The two laterally prsjecting zones 5 have been eliminated and on the two vertical planar walls of the combustion chamber 102 provision is made for two small channels provided by means o~ metal sections 105 attached to said walls. The armored electric resistances 106 are located in said small ~3~
channels and are for igniting the solid fuel placed in said combustion chamber 102.
In order to stop the reflux of hot combustion gases at the stop of said fan 11 or 111, a gate or occlusion valve is provided.
The fan can supply air not only beneath the grate, as shown in the drawings, but just above the latter, this being obtained for example by connecting the fan delivery opening 11 or 111 to conduits conveying air to apertures dis-tributed along the periphery of the combustion chamber andlocated at or slightly above the grate.
Additionally, ~he generator can be used for water heating by providing that the combustion chamber is at least partly laterally surrounded by a water jacket. Preferably, the water jacket will be located above the heating resistances.
This invention relates to a heat and/or gas generator using solid fuels, and particularly low-grade fuels, even of high humidity content, such as wood, peat and the like.
Particularly, but not exclusively referring to general stoves and boilers, particularly to wood user stoves and boilers, comprising a class of heat and/or combustible gas generators capable of taking advantage of low-grade fuels, it is well known that combustion occurs uncontrollably therein, in that following a first stage, in which the combustion heat is to a major extend wasted for humidity removal, another stage of lively combustion occurs, in which undue temperatures are attained, with the result of high heat losses at the stack due to high temperature of the smokes. There is then a third and final quite fast extinction stage of the combustion with mo-derate heat emission.
It ls the primary object of the present invention to provide a heat and/or gas generator which is more effective and correspondent to use requirements, in that the combustion occurs in controlled manner, that is without those combustion peaks giving rise to high losses at the stack because of high temperature of the smokes or, in the case of combustible gas generation, to an undue oxidation (for example, from CO to CO2). In other terms, in a genera~or according to the invention, an optimum use of the fuel would occur both in connection with thermal efficiency of the generator and requirement of time programmed heat output, similarly as occurs in liquid and gaseous fuel operating generators, as well as in the case of producing combustible gases, at an optimum output of the latter.
These and further objects, which will become more apparent from the following detailed description, are achieved by a solid fuel operating heat and/or gas generator, comprising:
a combustion chamber having a grate therein with the ashpit ~3r~
located therebelow; a fan for air blowing beneath or just above the grate, characterized by comprising in said combustion . chamber at least one electrically operating, thermostatically controlled heat source, arranged below said grate and directly contacting the solid fuel.
The heat source, generally including one or more electric heating resistances, is placed in dependence of the generator starting and is turned off at a predetermined temper-ature corresponding to the fuel ignition. Such a primed com-bustion is supported by the fan air, which fan is according to an aspect of the invention turned off by means of a ther-mostat controlling it when a predetermined temperature is reached in the combustion chamber.
Advantageously, an adjustable speed type of fan is provided, either at the intake side or at the delivery side thereof a valve means may be arranged in order to regulate the flow of air blown by the fane. This regulation may be committed to a CO analy~er measuring at the smoke outlet the content of CO, and which in accordance with the measured value will control either the fan speed or the position of the valve means.
The invention will be better understood from the following detailed description given by mere way of indication and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 is a quite schematic view in vertical section taken along line I-I of Fig. 2, and showing the heat and/or gas generator according to the invention;
Fig. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the generator taken along line II-II of Fig. l; and Figs. 3 and 4 are two views similar to Figs. 1 and 2 showing a modified form of the generator.
Referring to Fig. 1, a heat and/or gas generator comprises a sheel or housing 1, made of cast iron or plate, and provided or not with finnings along the side walls.
Although not shown, the generator may provide a second shell or housing, outside of and spaced apart from said first mentioned shell or housing, provided at the bottom and at the top with air inlets and outlets, the air being heated by travelling through the space or gap between said two shells or housings, of course this where the apparatus is used as a heat generator.
The above mentioned shell or housing 1 defines a combustion chamber 2, closed at the top by a lid 3, peripherally provided with refractory seals 4, so that the combustion chamber is smoke tight sealed. At two sides of the combustion chamber, two laterally projecting zones 5 are provided where two armored electric resistance 6 are located with the axis thereof horizon-tally arranged and controlled by a conventional thermostat 6A
detecting by its sensor 6B the temperature within the combustion chamber. At the bottom, said combustion chamber 2 is defined by a removable grate 7 bearing on two sections 7A secured to the shell or housing walls. By its underside, said grate 7 also defines an ashpit 8, having a frontally extractable drawer : 9 for ash collection and where the delivery inlet 11 of a fan 10 opens, the intake inlet of said fan being shown at 12. Said fan 10 is placed within a chamber 13 separated from said ashpit and combustion chamber by an insulating partition 14.
Said fan 10 is controlled by a conventional thermostatic member lOA detecting by its sensor lOB the temperature within said combustion chamber 2.
At the outlet 17 of the combustion chamber, where the smoke temeprature should be at a too high level, a heat exchanger could be preset, or a valve (as shown by broken line at 21) comprising, for example, a pan hinged at its upper end and opening when a given pressure has been developed within ~3~
the combustion chamber. This valve could also be provided at the outlet opening 20, where it is shown at 21A. As shown, it is also possible to provide a filter 15 and a controlled level hydraulic closure 17. In this latter case, the material of said filter 15 is contained within a space defined by a vertical partition 16 (drawing in the water of said closure 17 through a predetermined length) and by a perforated horizontal wall 18.
The cleaned smokes, after achieving s~ch a pressure as to pass ~ the lower end of partition l~, come to the chamber through the space 19 and outlet opening 20. The space of filter 15 and the adjoining space 19 are closed at the top by a removable lid 22, smoke tight sealing such spaces by peripheral seals or gaskets.
The operation of the generator is as follows:
The lid 3 is removed and through the resulting i opening the fuel (for example wood) is loaded on grate 7; then, the lid is brought back to position, an electric starting contact is closed for turning on the electric heating resistances 6. The fuel contacting or close thereto is heated: when that portion of the fuel close to the resistances reaches a predetermined temperature (or ~uel ignition temperature~, the fan 10 is thermostatically started and the resistances turned out. With the operation of said fan 10, the combustion is activated and an overpressure is developed within the combustion chamber. The smokes are exhausted therefrom when, due to overpressure, a suitable displacement is provided for the water mass or volume of the hydraulic closure 17.
Upon reaching a determined maximum temperature, the fan is thermostatically turned off. The combustion in the 30 combustion chamber decreases and finally ceases when sufficient air is lacking: the temperature within the combustion chamber gradually decreases until, by thermostatic operation, the _4_ ~3~~ r3 resistances 6 are supplied again (to prime the new combustion) and then the fan is started.
The operation is similar where the apparatus operates as a gas generator. In such a case, the object if to provide combustible gas with high percentage of carbon monoxide, and accordingly at the smoke outlet, for example in space 19, a probe 23 can be inserted of an automatic CO analyzer, shown at 24, which will act on the flow of air supplied by the fan, operating on the latter when the CO content o~ the smokes should be lower than a threshold value. That is, should the CO con-centration as measured by apparatus 24 be lower than a threshold value, said fan lO is stopped and is started when such a threshold value is exceeded. For example, the fan could be a two speed type of fan, and in such a case the adjustment will be effected on the two speeds. Alternatively, the apparatus i 24 can continuously adjust, in accordance with the CO value and by an interlocked motor 25, the position of a butterfiy valve, which may be located either on the intake side 12 of the fan, or on the delivery side ll thereof. ~his will enable to provide the maximum production or output of carbon monoxide.
The embodiment shown in Figs. 3 and 4 is substantially equivalent to that of the preceding figures of the accompanying drawings, so that to indicate like and corresponding parts, the same reference numerals are used, but added to 100. In this embodiment, which is simpler than the former embodiment, both said filter 15 and hydraulic closure 17 have been eliminated, so that reference numeral ll9 designates a two smoke turn heat exchanger. The two laterally prsjecting zones 5 have been eliminated and on the two vertical planar walls of the combustion chamber 102 provision is made for two small channels provided by means o~ metal sections 105 attached to said walls. The armored electric resistances 106 are located in said small ~3~
channels and are for igniting the solid fuel placed in said combustion chamber 102.
In order to stop the reflux of hot combustion gases at the stop of said fan 11 or 111, a gate or occlusion valve is provided.
The fan can supply air not only beneath the grate, as shown in the drawings, but just above the latter, this being obtained for example by connecting the fan delivery opening 11 or 111 to conduits conveying air to apertures dis-tributed along the periphery of the combustion chamber andlocated at or slightly above the grate.
Additionally, ~he generator can be used for water heating by providing that the combustion chamber is at least partly laterally surrounded by a water jacket. Preferably, the water jacket will be located above the heating resistances.
Claims (12)
1. A heat and/or gas generator using solid fuels, comprising a combustion chamber having therein a grate, below which the ashpit is located, and a fan for the supply of combustion air, wherein at least one electrically supplied and thermostatically controlled heat source is provided and arranged above said grate, contacting the solid fuel loaded in the combustion chamber, and intended to prime the fuel com-bustion.
2. A generator according to Claim 1, wherein said fan is also thermostatically controlled, and supplied combustion air upon priming of the combustion by the electric heat source, and stops such a supply upon reaching a predetermined temperature level.
3. A generator according to Claim 1, wherein said fan is controlled by a smoke analyzer.
4. A generator according to Claim 1, wherein said combustion chamber is gas sealed.
5. A generator according to Claim 1, wherein the heat source comprises a protected or armored electric resistance located at the bottom of said combustion chamber.
6. A generator according to Claim 5, wherein said heat source extends in channels on the side walls of said combustion chamber.
7. A generator according to Claim 1, wherein valve means are provided for the smoke outlet from the combustion chamber when a given pressure is achieved therein.
8. A generator according to Claim 1, wherein said fan supplies combustion air through at least one conduit, in which a shut off valve means is placed.
9. A generator according to Claim 1, wherein said combustion chamber is connected to a heat exchanger.
10. A generator according to Claim 1, in which the generator is associated with an apparatus for controlling the smoke composition, which controls the flow of air supplied to the combustion chamber.
11. A generator according to Claim 10, wherein the flow control occurs through driven valve means.
12. A generator according to Claim 1, wherein the combustion chamber is at least surrounded by a water jacket, preferably above the electric heat source.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT2281379U IT7922813V0 (en) | 1979-10-10 | 1979-10-10 | SOLID FUEL HEAT GENERATOR SUITABLE TO ALLOW A CONTROLLED COMBUSTION. |
| IT22813B/79 | 1979-10-10 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1130680A true CA1130680A (en) | 1982-08-31 |
Family
ID=11200732
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA361,605A Expired CA1130680A (en) | 1979-10-10 | 1980-10-06 | Solid fuel heat and/or gas generator for controlled combustion |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1130680A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE8026954U1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2467357A3 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT7922813V0 (en) |
-
1979
- 1979-10-10 IT IT2281379U patent/IT7922813V0/en unknown
-
1980
- 1980-10-01 FR FR8021366A patent/FR2467357A3/en active Granted
- 1980-10-06 CA CA361,605A patent/CA1130680A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-10-09 DE DE19808026954 patent/DE8026954U1/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT7922813V0 (en) | 1979-10-10 |
| FR2467357B3 (en) | 1981-10-16 |
| DE8026954U1 (en) | 1981-04-02 |
| FR2467357A3 (en) | 1981-04-17 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |