CA1127092A - Disposable filter cell for membrane plasmapheresis - Google Patents
Disposable filter cell for membrane plasmapheresisInfo
- Publication number
- CA1127092A CA1127092A CA340,252A CA340252A CA1127092A CA 1127092 A CA1127092 A CA 1127092A CA 340252 A CA340252 A CA 340252A CA 1127092 A CA1127092 A CA 1127092A
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- membranes
- filter
- roughened
- plasma
- membrane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Abstract
DISPOSABLE FILTER CELL FOR
MEMBRANE PLASMAPHERESIS
James H. De Vries Gaylord L. Berry James R. Hitchcock ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A disposable filter cell is provided for membrane plasmapheresis. The filter cell includes a pair of extruded flexible plastic sheets each having a roughened surface which faces one membrane of a pair of membranes that is sandwiched between the flexible sheets. Each flexible sheet and its respective membrane form a plasma filtrate volume therebetween and the two membranes form a blood flow path therebetween. Blood inlet and outlet ports communicate with the blood flow path and a plasma outlet port communicates with the plasma filtrate volumes.
MEMBRANE PLASMAPHERESIS
James H. De Vries Gaylord L. Berry James R. Hitchcock ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A disposable filter cell is provided for membrane plasmapheresis. The filter cell includes a pair of extruded flexible plastic sheets each having a roughened surface which faces one membrane of a pair of membranes that is sandwiched between the flexible sheets. Each flexible sheet and its respective membrane form a plasma filtrate volume therebetween and the two membranes form a blood flow path therebetween. Blood inlet and outlet ports communicate with the blood flow path and a plasma outlet port communicates with the plasma filtrate volumes.
Description
1~2~2 BACKGROUND OF T~IE INVENTION
This invention concerns a novel device for membrane plasmapheresis, and more particularly, a disposable filter ; cell for membrane plasmapheresis.
Typical plasmapheresis techniques utilize the collection of whole blood from donors in bags, and removal of the bags to a centrifuge where the plasma is separated from the whole blood. The plasma is withdrawn from the bag and the remaining blood is returned to the donor.
More recently, automated centrifuges have been devised which continuously withdraw whole blood from the donor, centrifuge the whole blood to separate the plasma, harvest the plasma, and return the remaining blood in its plasma-poor condition to the donor in a continuous fashion.
It has been proposed that plasmapheresis be carried out without using a centrifuge, because of the inherent complexity and cost of c~ntrifugation equipment. To this end, the filtration of cells from whole blood using a microporous membrane has been disclosed, for example, in Blatt, et al. U.S. Patent No. 3,705,100~ It has been found that a membrane-type plasmapheresis device yields platelet-free plasma while ce~trifuge~devices yield plasma containing some platelets. Further, it has been ~ound that the membrane plasmapheresis devices can also be designed to ~ield much greater quantities of plasma in shorter times than the centrifuge devices.
In co-pending application Serial No~ ~ ,it~7 q filed , and en~itled "Apparatus For Membrane Plasmapheresisl', a parallel membrane type of membrane plasmapheresis apparatus is disclosed An advan-tage of the type of membrane plasmapheresis apparatus ~27~
disclosed in application Serial No. g4~,-077 ~s that such apparatus is capable of comprising an inexpensive, dis~
posable package and, in addition, the apparatus utilizes a substantially large amount of membrane surface area.
The present invention is an improvement upon the membrane plasmapheresis apparatus of appliaation Serial No. g ~ ~77~in that the present invention concerns a disposable filter cell for membrane plasmapheresis which is extremel~ simple in construction and inexpensive to produce, ~et the filter cell of the present invention is capable of achieving efficient plasmapheresis.
Other objects and advantages of the present inven-tion will become apparent as the description proceeds.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention~ a disposable filter cell is provided for membrane plasma-pheresis. The filter cell includes a first flexible sheet having a roughened undersurface and a second flexible sheet having a roughened upper surface. A pair of filter membranes are provided, having pore sizes of about 0.1 micron to 2 microns, and these filter membranes are posi-tioned adjacent each other to form a blood flow path therebetween.
The first and second flexible sheets are posi-tioned on opposite sides of the membranes to sandwich the membranes between the flexible sheets, with the roughened surface of each flexible sheet facing the respective membrane.
The first flexible sheet and the first Eilter membrane define a first plasma filtrate volume, and the second flexible sheet and the second filter membrane ~1~7~Z
define a second plasma filtrate volume. Blood inlet and outlet ports communicate with the blood flow path and a plasma outlet port is in communication with the plasma filtrate volumes.
In the illustrative embodiment, each of the first and second filter membranes defines an opening whiah provides the communication between the first plasma filtrate volume and the second plasma filtrate volume.
A seal traverses the filter membranes to close one side of the blood flow path defined by the filter membranes, in order to segregate the blood flow path from the openings defined by the filter membranes.
In the illustrative embodiment, the flexible sheets each comprise plastic sheets which are extruded with the roughened surfaces formed in the extrudate.
A more detailed explanation of the invention is provided in the following description and claims, and is illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
..... .... . . _ ... .. .. . . .
FIGURE 1 is an exploded perspective view of a disposable filter cell constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention; and FIGURE 2 is a perspective view of a disposable filter cell constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention, with portions broken away for clarity.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE
ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENT
Referring to the drawings, a disposable filter cell for membrane plasmapheresis is shown thexein ~27~Z
comprising a first ~lexible sheet 4, a second flexible sheet 6, a first filter membrane 8, and a second filter membrane 10.
Flexible sheet 4 has a roughened undersurface that corresponds to the roughened upper surface 12 of flexible sheet 6. Sheets 4 and 6 are preferably formed of ~ ible plastic material, such as polyeth~lene or PVC that has been extruded and has a thickness of about 0.015 inch, with the roughened surface comprising a plurality of longitudinal grooves defined by the extrudate with each of the grooves being about 0~010 inch deep.
It is to be understood that the roughened under-surface of sheet 4 and the roughened suxface 12 of sheet 6 could comprise any type of roughened surface that allows for the flow of plasma to a plasma collection chamber, as will be described below. The roughened surface, therefore, could comprise a criss-cross grooved configuration, a plurality of spaced projections, a mesh screen member in contact with the flexible sheet material, or a combination of these.
Although for economy it is preferred that flexible sheets 4 and 6 be formed of an extruded plastic material, it may be desired to form flexible sheets 4 and 6 of a metallic sheet material, such as aluminum foil. In addi-tion, the alumninum foil may have a roughened surface defined by the aluminum foil itself or may be coated with a plastic material to form the roughened surface.
Membranes 8 and 10 are each formed of a sheet-like microporous membrane having a pore size that permits the filtration of plasma *rom whole blood, preferably between about 0.1 micron and 2 microns, with the average pore size preferably being about 0.65 microns. The membranes 8 and 10 ~27~
have a void volume of greater than 60 percent, with an average void colume of about 80 percent. The membranes are preferably formed of a polymeric material, with the pores defining a relatively tortuous path. The thickness of each of the membranes is preferably between 0.002 inch and 0.008 inch.
Sheets 4 and 6 and membranes ~ and 10 are recti-linear as illustrated, with the four edges A, B, C and D
being aligned with each other. Edges A-D of sheets 4 and 6 and membranes 8 and 10 are sealed to each other to form a compact unit, such as illustrated in FIGURE 2.
Filter membranes 3 and 10 define circular openings 13. The membrane package, which comprises membranes 8 and 10, defines a blood flow path 14 between the m~mbranes.
Membrane 8 defines openings 16 and 18 and sheet 4 carries a blood inlet port 20 which communicates with opening 16 ~and is sealed around opening 16) and a blood outlet port 22 which communicates with opening 18 (and is sealed around opening 18), thereby forming communication between inlet and outlet ports 20, 22, respectively, and the blood flow path 14.
A heat seal E traverses the membranes 8 and 10 to close one side of the blood flow path 14 and to segregate the blood flow path 14 from aligned openings 13. Openings 13 communicate with a first plasma filtrate volume 24 that is formed between membrane 8 and sheet 4 and with a second plasma filtrate volume 26 that is formed between membrane 10 and sheet 6. A plasma outlet port 30, which is aligned with openings 13, is provided in communication with plasma filtrate volumes 24 and 2~, for connection to a suitable conduit through which the plasma is removed.
It is preferred that the sheets 4 and 6 and ~l~2~
membranes 8 and 10 be formed of a thermoplastic material so that the seals mentioned above may be heat seals.
: Alternatively, these seals may be formed of bonding materials, sonic welds, or other types of fluid-tight seals.
In operation, the disposable filter cell is placed in a preferably permanent fixture and the conduit is coupled to port 20 into which blood is introduced from the patient's vein, a conduit is coupled to port 22 for forming a red blood cell return line and a plasma recovery conduit is coupled to port 30. The plasmapheresis filter cell described above may be used in the system illustrated 3~ ~ 3 53 and described in co-pending application Serial No. ~4~,~77, filed Se~3mb~E~ 7~.
Although an illustrative embodiment of the inven-tion has been shown and described, it is to be understood that various modifications and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the novel spirit and scope of the present invention.
This invention concerns a novel device for membrane plasmapheresis, and more particularly, a disposable filter ; cell for membrane plasmapheresis.
Typical plasmapheresis techniques utilize the collection of whole blood from donors in bags, and removal of the bags to a centrifuge where the plasma is separated from the whole blood. The plasma is withdrawn from the bag and the remaining blood is returned to the donor.
More recently, automated centrifuges have been devised which continuously withdraw whole blood from the donor, centrifuge the whole blood to separate the plasma, harvest the plasma, and return the remaining blood in its plasma-poor condition to the donor in a continuous fashion.
It has been proposed that plasmapheresis be carried out without using a centrifuge, because of the inherent complexity and cost of c~ntrifugation equipment. To this end, the filtration of cells from whole blood using a microporous membrane has been disclosed, for example, in Blatt, et al. U.S. Patent No. 3,705,100~ It has been found that a membrane-type plasmapheresis device yields platelet-free plasma while ce~trifuge~devices yield plasma containing some platelets. Further, it has been ~ound that the membrane plasmapheresis devices can also be designed to ~ield much greater quantities of plasma in shorter times than the centrifuge devices.
In co-pending application Serial No~ ~ ,it~7 q filed , and en~itled "Apparatus For Membrane Plasmapheresisl', a parallel membrane type of membrane plasmapheresis apparatus is disclosed An advan-tage of the type of membrane plasmapheresis apparatus ~27~
disclosed in application Serial No. g4~,-077 ~s that such apparatus is capable of comprising an inexpensive, dis~
posable package and, in addition, the apparatus utilizes a substantially large amount of membrane surface area.
The present invention is an improvement upon the membrane plasmapheresis apparatus of appliaation Serial No. g ~ ~77~in that the present invention concerns a disposable filter cell for membrane plasmapheresis which is extremel~ simple in construction and inexpensive to produce, ~et the filter cell of the present invention is capable of achieving efficient plasmapheresis.
Other objects and advantages of the present inven-tion will become apparent as the description proceeds.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention~ a disposable filter cell is provided for membrane plasma-pheresis. The filter cell includes a first flexible sheet having a roughened undersurface and a second flexible sheet having a roughened upper surface. A pair of filter membranes are provided, having pore sizes of about 0.1 micron to 2 microns, and these filter membranes are posi-tioned adjacent each other to form a blood flow path therebetween.
The first and second flexible sheets are posi-tioned on opposite sides of the membranes to sandwich the membranes between the flexible sheets, with the roughened surface of each flexible sheet facing the respective membrane.
The first flexible sheet and the first Eilter membrane define a first plasma filtrate volume, and the second flexible sheet and the second filter membrane ~1~7~Z
define a second plasma filtrate volume. Blood inlet and outlet ports communicate with the blood flow path and a plasma outlet port is in communication with the plasma filtrate volumes.
In the illustrative embodiment, each of the first and second filter membranes defines an opening whiah provides the communication between the first plasma filtrate volume and the second plasma filtrate volume.
A seal traverses the filter membranes to close one side of the blood flow path defined by the filter membranes, in order to segregate the blood flow path from the openings defined by the filter membranes.
In the illustrative embodiment, the flexible sheets each comprise plastic sheets which are extruded with the roughened surfaces formed in the extrudate.
A more detailed explanation of the invention is provided in the following description and claims, and is illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
..... .... . . _ ... .. .. . . .
FIGURE 1 is an exploded perspective view of a disposable filter cell constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention; and FIGURE 2 is a perspective view of a disposable filter cell constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention, with portions broken away for clarity.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE
ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENT
Referring to the drawings, a disposable filter cell for membrane plasmapheresis is shown thexein ~27~Z
comprising a first ~lexible sheet 4, a second flexible sheet 6, a first filter membrane 8, and a second filter membrane 10.
Flexible sheet 4 has a roughened undersurface that corresponds to the roughened upper surface 12 of flexible sheet 6. Sheets 4 and 6 are preferably formed of ~ ible plastic material, such as polyeth~lene or PVC that has been extruded and has a thickness of about 0.015 inch, with the roughened surface comprising a plurality of longitudinal grooves defined by the extrudate with each of the grooves being about 0~010 inch deep.
It is to be understood that the roughened under-surface of sheet 4 and the roughened suxface 12 of sheet 6 could comprise any type of roughened surface that allows for the flow of plasma to a plasma collection chamber, as will be described below. The roughened surface, therefore, could comprise a criss-cross grooved configuration, a plurality of spaced projections, a mesh screen member in contact with the flexible sheet material, or a combination of these.
Although for economy it is preferred that flexible sheets 4 and 6 be formed of an extruded plastic material, it may be desired to form flexible sheets 4 and 6 of a metallic sheet material, such as aluminum foil. In addi-tion, the alumninum foil may have a roughened surface defined by the aluminum foil itself or may be coated with a plastic material to form the roughened surface.
Membranes 8 and 10 are each formed of a sheet-like microporous membrane having a pore size that permits the filtration of plasma *rom whole blood, preferably between about 0.1 micron and 2 microns, with the average pore size preferably being about 0.65 microns. The membranes 8 and 10 ~27~
have a void volume of greater than 60 percent, with an average void colume of about 80 percent. The membranes are preferably formed of a polymeric material, with the pores defining a relatively tortuous path. The thickness of each of the membranes is preferably between 0.002 inch and 0.008 inch.
Sheets 4 and 6 and membranes ~ and 10 are recti-linear as illustrated, with the four edges A, B, C and D
being aligned with each other. Edges A-D of sheets 4 and 6 and membranes 8 and 10 are sealed to each other to form a compact unit, such as illustrated in FIGURE 2.
Filter membranes 3 and 10 define circular openings 13. The membrane package, which comprises membranes 8 and 10, defines a blood flow path 14 between the m~mbranes.
Membrane 8 defines openings 16 and 18 and sheet 4 carries a blood inlet port 20 which communicates with opening 16 ~and is sealed around opening 16) and a blood outlet port 22 which communicates with opening 18 (and is sealed around opening 18), thereby forming communication between inlet and outlet ports 20, 22, respectively, and the blood flow path 14.
A heat seal E traverses the membranes 8 and 10 to close one side of the blood flow path 14 and to segregate the blood flow path 14 from aligned openings 13. Openings 13 communicate with a first plasma filtrate volume 24 that is formed between membrane 8 and sheet 4 and with a second plasma filtrate volume 26 that is formed between membrane 10 and sheet 6. A plasma outlet port 30, which is aligned with openings 13, is provided in communication with plasma filtrate volumes 24 and 2~, for connection to a suitable conduit through which the plasma is removed.
It is preferred that the sheets 4 and 6 and ~l~2~
membranes 8 and 10 be formed of a thermoplastic material so that the seals mentioned above may be heat seals.
: Alternatively, these seals may be formed of bonding materials, sonic welds, or other types of fluid-tight seals.
In operation, the disposable filter cell is placed in a preferably permanent fixture and the conduit is coupled to port 20 into which blood is introduced from the patient's vein, a conduit is coupled to port 22 for forming a red blood cell return line and a plasma recovery conduit is coupled to port 30. The plasmapheresis filter cell described above may be used in the system illustrated 3~ ~ 3 53 and described in co-pending application Serial No. ~4~,~77, filed Se~3mb~E~ 7~.
Although an illustrative embodiment of the inven-tion has been shown and described, it is to be understood that various modifications and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the novel spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (14)
1. A disposable filter cell for membrane plasma-pheresis which comprises:
a first flexible sheet having a roughened under-surface;
a second flexible sheet having a roughened upper surface;
a first filter membrane having a pore size of about 0.1 micron to 2 microns, a second filter membrane having a pore size of about 0.1 micron to 2 microns;
said first and second filter membranes being positioned adjacent each other to form a blood flow path therebetween;
said first and second flexible sheets being posi-tioned on opposite sides of said membranes to sandwich the membranes between the flexible sheets, with the roughened surface of each flexible sheet facing the respective membranes;
said first flexible sheet and said first filter membrane defining a first plasma filtrate volume;
said second flexible sheet and said second filter membrane defining a second plasma filtrate volume;
a blood inlet port communicating with said blood flow path;
a blood outlet port communicating with said blood flow path; and a plasma outlet port communicating with at least one of said plasma filtrate volumes.
a first flexible sheet having a roughened under-surface;
a second flexible sheet having a roughened upper surface;
a first filter membrane having a pore size of about 0.1 micron to 2 microns, a second filter membrane having a pore size of about 0.1 micron to 2 microns;
said first and second filter membranes being positioned adjacent each other to form a blood flow path therebetween;
said first and second flexible sheets being posi-tioned on opposite sides of said membranes to sandwich the membranes between the flexible sheets, with the roughened surface of each flexible sheet facing the respective membranes;
said first flexible sheet and said first filter membrane defining a first plasma filtrate volume;
said second flexible sheet and said second filter membrane defining a second plasma filtrate volume;
a blood inlet port communicating with said blood flow path;
a blood outlet port communicating with said blood flow path; and a plasma outlet port communicating with at least one of said plasma filtrate volumes.
2. A disposable filter cell as described in Claim 1, said first and second flexible sheets and said first and second filter membranes being rectilinear and being sealed to each other along four edges thereof.
3. A disposable filter cell as described in Claim 1, said first and second filter membranes being sealed to each other around their peripheries.
4. A disposable filter cell as described in Claim 3, said first and second flexible sheets being sealed to each other around their peripheries.
5. A disposable filter cell as described in Claim 1, said roughened undersurface and said roughened upper surface comprising grooves defined by the respec-tive surfaces.
6. A disposable filter cell as described in Claim 1, said roughened undersurface and said roughened upper surface comprising a plurality of spaced projections carried by the respective surfaces.
7. A disposable filter cell as described in Claim 1, said roughened undersurface and said roughened upper surface comprising mesh members in direct contact with the respective surfaces.
8. A disposable filter cell as described in Claim 1, said first and second flexible sheets being formed of plastic and extruded with the roughened surfaces formed in the extrudate.
9. A disposable filter cell as described in Claim 8, wherein said extrudate is about 0.015 inch thick and the roughened surface comprises longitudinal grooves about 0.010 inch deep.
10. A disposable filter cell as described in Claim 1, said first and second flexible sheets being formed of flexible sheet metal.
11. A disposable filter cell as described in Claim 1, in which each of said first and second filter membranes defines an opening which provides communication between said first plasma filtrate volume and said second plasma filtrate volume.
12. A disposable filter cell as described in Claim 11, including means segregating said blood flow path from said openings defined by said filter membranes.
13. A disposable filter cell as described in Claim 12, said segregating means comprising a seal traversing said filter membranes to close one side of the blood flow path defined by the filter membranes, with said seal being located inward of said openings.
14. A disposable filter cell for membrane plasma-pheresis which comprises:
a first flexible sheet having a roughened under-surface;
a second flexible sheet having a roughened upper surface;
a first filter membrane having a pore size of about 0.1 micron to 2 microns;
a second filter membrane having a pore size of about 0.1 micron to 2 microns;
said first and second filter membranes being positioned adjacent each other to form a blood flow path therebetween;
said first and second flexible sheets being posi-tioned on opposite sides of said membranes to sandwich the membranes between the flexible sheets, with the roughened surface of each flexible sheet facing the respective membrane;
said first flexible sheet and said first filter membrane defining a first plasma filtrate volume;
said second flexible sheet and said second filter membrane defining a second plasma filtrate volume;
each of said first and second filter membranes defining an opening which provides communication between said first plasma filtrate volume and said second plasma filtrate volume;
a seal traversing said filter membranes to close one side of the blood flow path defined by the filter membranes and to segregate said blood flow path from said openings, said seal being located inward of said openings;
a blood inlet port communicating with said blood flow path;
a blood outlet port communicating with said blood flow path; and a plasma outlet port communicating with said plasma filtrate volume.
a first flexible sheet having a roughened under-surface;
a second flexible sheet having a roughened upper surface;
a first filter membrane having a pore size of about 0.1 micron to 2 microns;
a second filter membrane having a pore size of about 0.1 micron to 2 microns;
said first and second filter membranes being positioned adjacent each other to form a blood flow path therebetween;
said first and second flexible sheets being posi-tioned on opposite sides of said membranes to sandwich the membranes between the flexible sheets, with the roughened surface of each flexible sheet facing the respective membrane;
said first flexible sheet and said first filter membrane defining a first plasma filtrate volume;
said second flexible sheet and said second filter membrane defining a second plasma filtrate volume;
each of said first and second filter membranes defining an opening which provides communication between said first plasma filtrate volume and said second plasma filtrate volume;
a seal traversing said filter membranes to close one side of the blood flow path defined by the filter membranes and to segregate said blood flow path from said openings, said seal being located inward of said openings;
a blood inlet port communicating with said blood flow path;
a blood outlet port communicating with said blood flow path; and a plasma outlet port communicating with said plasma filtrate volume.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US97190578A | 1978-12-21 | 1978-12-21 | |
| US971,905 | 1978-12-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1127092A true CA1127092A (en) | 1982-07-06 |
Family
ID=25518947
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA340,252A Expired CA1127092A (en) | 1978-12-21 | 1979-11-20 | Disposable filter cell for membrane plasmapheresis |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1127092A (en) |
-
1979
- 1979-11-20 CA CA340,252A patent/CA1127092A/en not_active Expired
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |