CA1124661A - Cyclone support - Google Patents
Cyclone supportInfo
- Publication number
- CA1124661A CA1124661A CA326,203A CA326203A CA1124661A CA 1124661 A CA1124661 A CA 1124661A CA 326203 A CA326203 A CA 326203A CA 1124661 A CA1124661 A CA 1124661A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- vessel
- plenum chamber
- floor
- cyclone
- support
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Abstract
(U.S. 902,952) ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
In a vessel such as for a fluid coker burner, there is provided a plenum chamber which functions as a collection header for the clean gas discharge from a plurality of cyclone stages supported within the vessel.
The plenum chamber comprises a cylindrically-shaped support skirt welded at one end to the vessel head and at the other end to a relatively thin, flat steel floor, no more than about three-sixteenths to five-eights inches thick. Each of the cyclone stages are individually and separately sup-ported by support means connected directly between each stage and the vessel head and the plenum chamber floor is welded to the cyclone stages, thereby supporting the floor.
This permits use of a thinner plenum chamber floor which is capable of sustaining distortions which arise from the dif-ferential vertical thermal expansions of the cyclone stages during operation.
In a vessel such as for a fluid coker burner, there is provided a plenum chamber which functions as a collection header for the clean gas discharge from a plurality of cyclone stages supported within the vessel.
The plenum chamber comprises a cylindrically-shaped support skirt welded at one end to the vessel head and at the other end to a relatively thin, flat steel floor, no more than about three-sixteenths to five-eights inches thick. Each of the cyclone stages are individually and separately sup-ported by support means connected directly between each stage and the vessel head and the plenum chamber floor is welded to the cyclone stages, thereby supporting the floor.
This permits use of a thinner plenum chamber floor which is capable of sustaining distortions which arise from the dif-ferential vertical thermal expansions of the cyclone stages during operation.
Description
~ 2~
BACKGROUND OF THE INV:ENTION
The present invention relates to improved means for supportin~ equipment which is subjected to relatively high temperature differentials which cause both vertical and horizontal expansions. More particularly, the invention re-lates to such improved support means when used in connection with e~uipment such as cyclone separator stage, which forms part of a ~urner vessel employed in fluid coking.
A conventional way of supporting cyclones is to sup-port them from the vessel head by rods and from the plenum cham~er by the outlet ducts. The plenum chamber comprises a cylindrical skirt welded to the vessel head and is enclosed at the bottom ~y a dished floor mem~er welded to the lower edge of the sk~rt. According to this arrangement, some of the cy-clones are'supported from the vessel head and some from the plenum cham~er floor. The problem with such arrangements is that the`support system is subjected to different temperatures whi`ch`causes thermal expansion problems. Other known designs support all of the cyclones from the plenum chamber by means of rods and cyclone outlet ducts and this type support system av~ids the problem of differential thermal expansion. In thes`e conventional' c'yclone systems, the plenum chamber floors are generally fairly thick, for example, on the order of one inch`or more, and are constructed to carry the weight and differential pressure loads of the cylones during operation of the vesseI. The`need for this heavy construction is due to the load imposed on the floor by the cyclones which introduce compound stresses, i.e. primary ~ending and tensile stresses in the`plenum floox and cylindrical support skirt.
Other prior art arrangements for supporting cyclone separators are shown in U.S. Patents No. 3,951,629 wherein a ,~
support beam secured to the vessel head by support bars actual-ly supports for the cyclone separators. This patent also discloses the expedient providing a thinner floor (see Column 4, lines 50-53); however, the support rods or bars do not directly support the operator stages and there is no floor supported by the rods. U.S. Patent No. 3,982,902 discloses a support for cyclone separators which employs a horizontal bar that is privotally mounted to the vessel wall. U.S. Patent No.
BACKGROUND OF THE INV:ENTION
The present invention relates to improved means for supportin~ equipment which is subjected to relatively high temperature differentials which cause both vertical and horizontal expansions. More particularly, the invention re-lates to such improved support means when used in connection with e~uipment such as cyclone separator stage, which forms part of a ~urner vessel employed in fluid coking.
A conventional way of supporting cyclones is to sup-port them from the vessel head by rods and from the plenum cham~er by the outlet ducts. The plenum chamber comprises a cylindrical skirt welded to the vessel head and is enclosed at the bottom ~y a dished floor mem~er welded to the lower edge of the sk~rt. According to this arrangement, some of the cy-clones are'supported from the vessel head and some from the plenum cham~er floor. The problem with such arrangements is that the`support system is subjected to different temperatures whi`ch`causes thermal expansion problems. Other known designs support all of the cyclones from the plenum chamber by means of rods and cyclone outlet ducts and this type support system av~ids the problem of differential thermal expansion. In thes`e conventional' c'yclone systems, the plenum chamber floors are generally fairly thick, for example, on the order of one inch`or more, and are constructed to carry the weight and differential pressure loads of the cylones during operation of the vesseI. The`need for this heavy construction is due to the load imposed on the floor by the cyclones which introduce compound stresses, i.e. primary ~ending and tensile stresses in the`plenum floox and cylindrical support skirt.
Other prior art arrangements for supporting cyclone separators are shown in U.S. Patents No. 3,951,629 wherein a ,~
support beam secured to the vessel head by support bars actual-ly supports for the cyclone separators. This patent also discloses the expedient providing a thinner floor (see Column 4, lines 50-53); however, the support rods or bars do not directly support the operator stages and there is no floor supported by the rods. U.S. Patent No. 3,982,902 discloses a support for cyclone separators which employs a horizontal bar that is privotally mounted to the vessel wall. U.S. Patent No.
2,873,175 discloses a cyclone supported from the vessel head (see Column 7, lines 31-35); however, there is no plenum chamber`disclosed in the patent. Still yet another support scheme for cyclones is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 2,~39,850 wherein the cyclones are attached to each other such that they move as a unit.
None of the prior art, however, is considered to afford the advantages of a cyclone support system wherein the plenum chamber is constructed and arranyed to accommodate the~mal expansion and wherein the plenum chamber serves to separate and contain the relatively clean gas generated from the dilute phases produced in the vessel and does not support the cyclones; but instead the cyclones are supported by in-dividual support means connected directly to the head of the vessel and the plenum chamber floor in turn is supported by the c~clones.
SUMMAR~ OF THE ~NVENT~ON
According to the ~resent invention there is provided a relatively thin flat steel floor which forms part of the plenum chamber in a vessel such as may be found in a fluid coker burner, which affords fle~ing of the floor that may be caused by differential thermal movement of the cyclones in the vessel. The floor is supported by an attachment to each .~ - 3 k~
of the cyclone stages which themselves are independently harnessed or supported from the vessel head by means of sup-port rods or straps. The rods which support each of the cy-clone~ are basically in tension and because of the relatively large number of cyclone stages, a simple flat plate on the order of 3/16" 5/~" thick can be employed since the unsup-ported spans of the floor between the cyclones are small which reduces and/or eliminates the need for horizontal supports bet~een the`cyclones themselves.
This cyclone system support/plenum chamber design differs from conventional systems in that the cyclones are individually supported by rods from the vessel head. The plen-um head itself serves no support function except to separate and contain thè reIatively clean gas from the dilute gas phase which has passed through the cyclone system. Most cyclone systems consistof ~ p'rimary a~d secondary cyclone,;i.e., two stages and these are'generally arranged so that a number of primary cyclones can be located below the cylindrical skirt joining the``vessel head and the plenum chamber floor. It is, the`refore, possi~le t4 support these primary cyclones by rods from thè sk~rt.~ Since the'plenum chamber floor does not sup-port the'`cyclones, the floor can be made thinner. By welding ~ . . .
the`plenum floor to tRe'cyclones themselves, the floor is sup-pQrted by the cyclones for the differential pressure which acts Qn thè floor. The cyclones themselves then support the plenum chamber floor, while in a conventional cyclone system, the plenum floor and plenum skirt support the cyclone. Since the individual supports of the cyclones vary in length, there will be ~ome'small differential thermal expansion in the support 3Q rods. hes'e expansion differences can be absorbed by the -reIat~veIy thin and flexible plenum chamber floor which is welded to each of the cyclones. with a conventional arrange-ment, the floor is heavy, often one inch or more in thickness, which allows little or no flexing to make up for differential thermal expansion.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention ~ill become apparent from the following description when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings which illustrate various em~odiments of the present invention.
BRIEF DESCRrPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
_, _ Fig. 1 is a partial elevational view of a vessel having cyclone separator stages mounted independently and sup-porting a plenum chamber floor in accordance with the present invention.
Fig~ 2iIl-ustra-tes a cross-sectional view taken sub-stantially on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1 illustrating the indepen-dently supported cyclones.
Fig. 3 illustrates an enlargement of the support for the primary cyclone stage of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 illustrates a cross-sectional view taken sub-stantially on the line 4-4 of Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 illustrates an enlarged partial cross-section-al vie~ illustrating the support in detail for mounting the primary cyclone stages relative to the floor.
Fig. 6 illustates a cross-sectional view of a secon-dary cyclone.
DESCR~PT~ON OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
-Having reference to the drawings wherein like parts are design~ated by the same reference numerals throughout the several views, there is shown in Flg. 1 a typical fluid coker vessel 10 having a plenum chamber 12 which comprises a thin plate flat floor 14 preferably of steel and a cylindrical support skirt 16 which is welded as shown at 18 to the vessel head portion 20 and at the other or opposite end is welded to the floor 14 as shown in 22. The plenum chamber 12 func-tions as a collection header for the gas which is discharged from a plurality of primary and secondary cyclone stages 24, 26 respectively, which are in the vessel. It is recognized tha~t while the invention is disclosed in its preferred embodi-ment in a fluid coker ~urner vessel other vessels such as 1uid catalytic cracking, fluidized iron ore, or other fluid solids processes also are'within the contemplation of this invention, which relates to the support system for the cyclone stages and the plenum chamber floor. The present support system has utility in any vessel so long as it employs the basic compo-nents of a plenum cham~er. The plenum chamber is designed to facilitate'thermal expansion through flexure in response to the` temperature differentials which will occur during opera-tion of the unit. ~t serves to separate and contain the clean gas wh~ch`is exhausted from`-the-cyclone outlet 28 that pene-trates the plenum cham~er floor 14.
2a Each of the cylone stages (only a relatively small number are shown for purposes of illustrating the present in~entionl are'individually supported by means generally des-ignated 30 whi`ch include hanger straps 32. Each cyclone has t~o support means 30`wherein the straps 32 which are connect-ed ~ith straps 36 are welded on either side of the cyclone ~ody. The support means extend through the plenum floor up-ward to the vessel' head 20 where they are welded directly to mounting ~rackets or lugs 34 extending downward therefrom or to support sklrt 16 as shown in Fig. 1 fo~r the outer one of the stages 24. The plenum chamber floor 14 is welded to the cyclones as shown àt 35 (see Figs. 4, 5 and 6) for purposes of supporting the floor in contrast to conventional schemes 66~
which utilize a heavy floor capable of supporting the cyclones.
The flexure of the floor will occur based on the pressure differential which occurs between the inlet into the primary cyclones and the outlet from the secondary cyclones. Because the cyclones are many in number and are relatively closely and uniformly spaced in a conventional manner, this affords the opportunity to employ the relatively thin flat floor which accept a small amount of distortion resulting from the differ-ential vertical thermal movement between the different cyclone stages, The supporting system is normally stretched (i.e.
in tension~ because of the load imposed thereon by the support-ed cyclones. However, the support system could be in compres-sion because of the differential pressure acting on the plenum floor. The upward pressure force therefrom would exceed the ~eight load of the cyclones. As mentioned heretofore, the straps 32 are secured, e.g. by welding, to opposed sides of tHe cyclone and in thè case of the secondary and some primary c~clones extend upward for a predetermined distance through and aBQve the plenum cham~er floor. At this point, the portion of the strap 32 which extends above the floor 14 is connected (e.`g. by ~elding~ to a further support member or strap 36 oriented at right` angle relative thereto. The strap 36 ex-tends upward and is secured to the downward protruding brack-ets 34 from the vessel head 20, or directly to skirt 16 in the case of the outer stage as shown in Fig. 1. The hanger straps 32 of SQme of the primary cyclones 24 terminate at thè~r upper end beIow the plenum floor 14. ~ metal shroud 40 is placed about the portion of the support within the plenum cham~er for thermal protection of the support member a~ a means of reducing the metal temperature of the support so as to reduce the verticaldiferential thermal expansion between the cyclones and the plenum skirt.
- 8 ;
None of the prior art, however, is considered to afford the advantages of a cyclone support system wherein the plenum chamber is constructed and arranyed to accommodate the~mal expansion and wherein the plenum chamber serves to separate and contain the relatively clean gas generated from the dilute phases produced in the vessel and does not support the cyclones; but instead the cyclones are supported by in-dividual support means connected directly to the head of the vessel and the plenum chamber floor in turn is supported by the c~clones.
SUMMAR~ OF THE ~NVENT~ON
According to the ~resent invention there is provided a relatively thin flat steel floor which forms part of the plenum chamber in a vessel such as may be found in a fluid coker burner, which affords fle~ing of the floor that may be caused by differential thermal movement of the cyclones in the vessel. The floor is supported by an attachment to each .~ - 3 k~
of the cyclone stages which themselves are independently harnessed or supported from the vessel head by means of sup-port rods or straps. The rods which support each of the cy-clone~ are basically in tension and because of the relatively large number of cyclone stages, a simple flat plate on the order of 3/16" 5/~" thick can be employed since the unsup-ported spans of the floor between the cyclones are small which reduces and/or eliminates the need for horizontal supports bet~een the`cyclones themselves.
This cyclone system support/plenum chamber design differs from conventional systems in that the cyclones are individually supported by rods from the vessel head. The plen-um head itself serves no support function except to separate and contain thè reIatively clean gas from the dilute gas phase which has passed through the cyclone system. Most cyclone systems consistof ~ p'rimary a~d secondary cyclone,;i.e., two stages and these are'generally arranged so that a number of primary cyclones can be located below the cylindrical skirt joining the``vessel head and the plenum chamber floor. It is, the`refore, possi~le t4 support these primary cyclones by rods from thè sk~rt.~ Since the'plenum chamber floor does not sup-port the'`cyclones, the floor can be made thinner. By welding ~ . . .
the`plenum floor to tRe'cyclones themselves, the floor is sup-pQrted by the cyclones for the differential pressure which acts Qn thè floor. The cyclones themselves then support the plenum chamber floor, while in a conventional cyclone system, the plenum floor and plenum skirt support the cyclone. Since the individual supports of the cyclones vary in length, there will be ~ome'small differential thermal expansion in the support 3Q rods. hes'e expansion differences can be absorbed by the -reIat~veIy thin and flexible plenum chamber floor which is welded to each of the cyclones. with a conventional arrange-ment, the floor is heavy, often one inch or more in thickness, which allows little or no flexing to make up for differential thermal expansion.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention ~ill become apparent from the following description when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings which illustrate various em~odiments of the present invention.
BRIEF DESCRrPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
_, _ Fig. 1 is a partial elevational view of a vessel having cyclone separator stages mounted independently and sup-porting a plenum chamber floor in accordance with the present invention.
Fig~ 2iIl-ustra-tes a cross-sectional view taken sub-stantially on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1 illustrating the indepen-dently supported cyclones.
Fig. 3 illustrates an enlargement of the support for the primary cyclone stage of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 illustrates a cross-sectional view taken sub-stantially on the line 4-4 of Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 illustrates an enlarged partial cross-section-al vie~ illustrating the support in detail for mounting the primary cyclone stages relative to the floor.
Fig. 6 illustates a cross-sectional view of a secon-dary cyclone.
DESCR~PT~ON OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
-Having reference to the drawings wherein like parts are design~ated by the same reference numerals throughout the several views, there is shown in Flg. 1 a typical fluid coker vessel 10 having a plenum chamber 12 which comprises a thin plate flat floor 14 preferably of steel and a cylindrical support skirt 16 which is welded as shown at 18 to the vessel head portion 20 and at the other or opposite end is welded to the floor 14 as shown in 22. The plenum chamber 12 func-tions as a collection header for the gas which is discharged from a plurality of primary and secondary cyclone stages 24, 26 respectively, which are in the vessel. It is recognized tha~t while the invention is disclosed in its preferred embodi-ment in a fluid coker ~urner vessel other vessels such as 1uid catalytic cracking, fluidized iron ore, or other fluid solids processes also are'within the contemplation of this invention, which relates to the support system for the cyclone stages and the plenum chamber floor. The present support system has utility in any vessel so long as it employs the basic compo-nents of a plenum cham~er. The plenum chamber is designed to facilitate'thermal expansion through flexure in response to the` temperature differentials which will occur during opera-tion of the unit. ~t serves to separate and contain the clean gas wh~ch`is exhausted from`-the-cyclone outlet 28 that pene-trates the plenum cham~er floor 14.
2a Each of the cylone stages (only a relatively small number are shown for purposes of illustrating the present in~entionl are'individually supported by means generally des-ignated 30 whi`ch include hanger straps 32. Each cyclone has t~o support means 30`wherein the straps 32 which are connect-ed ~ith straps 36 are welded on either side of the cyclone ~ody. The support means extend through the plenum floor up-ward to the vessel' head 20 where they are welded directly to mounting ~rackets or lugs 34 extending downward therefrom or to support sklrt 16 as shown in Fig. 1 fo~r the outer one of the stages 24. The plenum chamber floor 14 is welded to the cyclones as shown àt 35 (see Figs. 4, 5 and 6) for purposes of supporting the floor in contrast to conventional schemes 66~
which utilize a heavy floor capable of supporting the cyclones.
The flexure of the floor will occur based on the pressure differential which occurs between the inlet into the primary cyclones and the outlet from the secondary cyclones. Because the cyclones are many in number and are relatively closely and uniformly spaced in a conventional manner, this affords the opportunity to employ the relatively thin flat floor which accept a small amount of distortion resulting from the differ-ential vertical thermal movement between the different cyclone stages, The supporting system is normally stretched (i.e.
in tension~ because of the load imposed thereon by the support-ed cyclones. However, the support system could be in compres-sion because of the differential pressure acting on the plenum floor. The upward pressure force therefrom would exceed the ~eight load of the cyclones. As mentioned heretofore, the straps 32 are secured, e.g. by welding, to opposed sides of tHe cyclone and in thè case of the secondary and some primary c~clones extend upward for a predetermined distance through and aBQve the plenum cham~er floor. At this point, the portion of the strap 32 which extends above the floor 14 is connected (e.`g. by ~elding~ to a further support member or strap 36 oriented at right` angle relative thereto. The strap 36 ex-tends upward and is secured to the downward protruding brack-ets 34 from the vessel head 20, or directly to skirt 16 in the case of the outer stage as shown in Fig. 1. The hanger straps 32 of SQme of the primary cyclones 24 terminate at thè~r upper end beIow the plenum floor 14. ~ metal shroud 40 is placed about the portion of the support within the plenum cham~er for thermal protection of the support member a~ a means of reducing the metal temperature of the support so as to reduce the verticaldiferential thermal expansion between the cyclones and the plenum skirt.
- 8 ;
Claims (6)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A vessel which is subjected to a high temperature differential, comprising a vessel head and a plenum chamber At an end of said vessel adjacent said head, a plurality of separator stages mounted in said vessel; means for separately and independently supporting each of said stages from said vessel head; and a relatively thin plenum chamber floor substantially supported only by said plurality of stages.
2. The vessel of claim 1 wherein said support-ing means comprises a pair of first hanger straps secured to opposite sides of each stage and second hanger straps secured at one end to said first straps and at the oppo-site end secured directly to said vessel head.
3. The vessel or claim 2 wherein said first and second hanger straps are relatively oriented at right angles.
4. The vessel of claim 1 wherein said plenum chamber floor is about 3/16"-5/8" thick.
5. The vessel of claim 1 including a shroud disposed about each of said means for separately and in-dependently supporting each of said stages in said plenum chamber.
6. The vessel of claim 1 including lug means protruding down from said vessel head into said plenum chamber.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US90295278A | 1978-05-05 | 1978-05-05 | |
| US902,952 | 1978-05-05 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1124661A true CA1124661A (en) | 1982-06-01 |
Family
ID=25416678
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA326,203A Expired CA1124661A (en) | 1978-05-05 | 1979-04-24 | Cyclone support |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6329730Y2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1124661A (en) |
| MX (1) | MX5564E (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9266123B2 (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2016-02-23 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Integrated cyclone assembly |
| US9440212B2 (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2016-09-13 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Integrated cyclone assembly |
-
1979
- 1979-04-24 CA CA326,203A patent/CA1124661A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-05-03 MX MX795279U patent/MX5564E/en unknown
- 1979-05-04 JP JP5893479U patent/JPS6329730Y2/ja not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS554100U (en) | 1980-01-11 |
| MX5564E (en) | 1983-10-14 |
| JPS6329730Y2 (en) | 1988-08-09 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |