CA1122877A - Frost free liquid transfer system - Google Patents
Frost free liquid transfer systemInfo
- Publication number
- CA1122877A CA1122877A CA315,501A CA315501A CA1122877A CA 1122877 A CA1122877 A CA 1122877A CA 315501 A CA315501 A CA 315501A CA 1122877 A CA1122877 A CA 1122877A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- hose
- liquid
- pipeline
- pump
- supply
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B7/00—Water main or service pipe systems
- E03B7/09—Component parts or accessories
- E03B7/10—Devices preventing bursting of pipes by freezing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
- F16L55/07—Arrangement or mounting of devices, e.g. valves, for venting or aerating or draining
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT.
A frost-free liquid transfer system, suitable for use as a water system for intermittantly transferring water under potentially freezing conditions has an outer pipeline, a re-siliant elastic walled inner hose and water supply means to permit expulsion of a substantial portion of water content from the hose, during a period of non-transfer of water therein.
A frost-free liquid transfer system, suitable for use as a water system for intermittantly transferring water under potentially freezing conditions has an outer pipeline, a re-siliant elastic walled inner hose and water supply means to permit expulsion of a substantial portion of water content from the hose, during a period of non-transfer of water therein.
Description
7~
Thls invention is dlreeted to liquid transfer systerns, and in par~ieular to a fro5 t -:free liqu;d tr~nsfer system~
The pre~;ently di~olosed ~y~tem ernbo(liments are par~
ticularly well suited to frost free water~ystems~ to which the pre:erred embodiments are direc ted, However, such limitatiorl is ~or purposes of practieality and reaæonable brevity9 and not to restrict -the broad field o:P utîlity of this di~olosure~
The provision oï wal;er in cold climates suffers :~r5111 ~he dangers of Ireeze up~ Owing to ~he p~netration o:E' frost below the g~und it is nes~essary ei ther to bring the water supply line below the frost level, or to take alternative steps to prevent icing up o~ the sys tem~
In areas having insuI~`icierl~ soil eover to permit ~urial below the frost level, wh~ch may penetrate as much as five feet below the sur:~ace~ alternative methods have been utilized to prevent the free~;ng of water supplies. ~!
Certain well Xnown methods such as heating cablest insulation, continuous circulation, etc~are charact~ri~ed by high initial costs and/or high running co~ts~
United States Patent No.3j536~985 ~.G,Erickson1 December 14th~1971 teaches the use of air pressure in oombi-nation with a collapsible ho~eg for the discharge o~ water from a mobile agricultural sprinkler system, in a temperate olimaSe~
using a special hose system incorporating one or more interior perforated tub~ in combination with the other element~ to en-sure the avoidance of the total collapse of the hose~ .
The Eric~on system suffers ~rom the disadvantagethat it is pro~ided for temperate climate, and i~ intended for very high ~low rates associated wi~h irriga~ion~ Accordingly, the hoses are large, and the per~ora-ted tubes that a~sure oorreot emptying are subject to water ret~ntion and su4sequent ;ce plugging i~ ù~ed ;n-~ a cold climate.
The present invention provides a water conveying system ~or use in ~n environment subject to freezing, having a pipelin~ extending between a water supply and a water util;zing sys-~em~ i.noluding the .impr~vernent co~pr;s.ing a di~metrically expansible elastic walled i.nner hose having the ends thereof connectible to the supply and the utiliz;ing system, the hose being expa~sible under water pumping pressure to substantially ~ill the pipeline, the hose being contractible upon release of wa-ter supply pressure to provide significant dewatering o~ -the hose Qn depressurization o~ -the water supply. Con-trac-tion of the hose is assisted by the applieation of air pressure~ in a predetermined pressure range~
~ he system further provides ice catcher means in the water utilizing sys-tem, ~o reeeive particles of ice formed with;n the inner hose.
~ he arrangement further provides water supply means to permit baek ~rainag~ of the hose and permit hose ~nptying therethrough upon termination o~ water pumping.
One embodiment oi~ -the sub ject system utilize a gum rubber inner hose having a significantly smaller out~ide diamter -than the inner diame~er of the generally rigid pipeline.
It has been :f ound that the selection of a normally resilient inner hose, which expand~ elastically when l;quid is supplied internally at a predetermined pumping pressure to substantially fill the pipeline upon application of a predeter-mined pressure within the pipeline, achieves partial but sig~ :
nificant discharge of the hose liquid conten~ under the inherent elasticity of t~e hose wall when pumping pre~sure is removed.
In general the task of emptying the hose i5 comple^ted by a gas cushion contained within the pipeline~ which ~erves to sub-stantially totally collap$e the flexible hose, and thus expel ~he liquid content~
Certain embodiments o~ the arrangement are described reference being made to the aceompan~ing drawings~ wherein;
Figure l is a general diagramatic view of a first system in aceordance with the present invention;
-Figure 2 is a cross~sectional view of a line accDrding to -the pre~ent in-ven-tion, i.n a l.iquid ~illed sta te;
Figure 3 is a similar view ~o Figure 2 showing -the hose in a substantially 1;otally collapsed state s Figure 4 is a sim;lar v;ew to Figure 1 :for another embodiment incorporating a tr~nsfer cushion tank:
Figure 5 shows a ~urther embodiment for a deep well; ~`
Figure 6 shows a pipeline termination incorporating -.
an ice trap~ and ;~
~igure 7 is an enlarged view o~ the portion 7 of -:
Figure 6~
Referring ~o Figure 1, the ystem 10 has a cen*rifugal pump 12 immersed in a body of water at a level below the frost line. A pipeline 14 of steel or plastic connects the pump 1~
with a gravi-ty holding tank 16 located in ~he pro~ected environ-ment of a building 18. The internal sys~em within ~he building . ~;
has a connect;on 20 from the inlet side of the ~ystem pump ~not shown) into ~he reservoir 16~ Thus the pres~nce of small quant~
ities of frazil ice in the tank 16 deli~ered by the sy~tem has no dele~arious ef~ect on the house supply, the tank 16 serving in this instance as an ice catcher. ~
Referring to Figure 2, the pipeline 14, illus~rated ~ ;;
here as being of plastîc, oontains an undersi~ed elastic walled hose 22 having sufficien~ elast.icity to expand under water pressure applied by pump 12 to sub~tantially *ill the pipeline 14. The wall o~ hose 22 i~ suf~ic.iently ela~tic to contract substantially9 upon ccssation oX pumping, so as to ~i~charge a s;gni~icant portion o~ the water content thereof to the ci~tern :~
16 or through the pump 12, Should ~reezing take place in the hose~ thereby in the worst instance ~orming a central ~e core5 the pump is capable of expanding the hose 22 to ~ill the pi~eline 14, thereby pumping water through the hose~ with consequent diminution of the ice cor~. Under moderate f'reezing condition~
the ice core does no~ bulld up cumulatlvely7 and sequen-tial pumping operations may thus be repeated.
It has been found :in one type o~ installatiorl tha-t a hose ha~ing 5/~" inner diameter~ 7/8" outer diame-ter; of pure g~m amber -tubing~ installed within a rigid tube of 1-~-' inner diane~er can be e:~ectively self~discharging~ and can :~unc~ior effectively at tempera~ures below freezing~
Selection of smaller diameter hose and outer pipeline results, under freezing condi-tions, ;n the formation of I~e cores suf~ciently ;nsubstantial to break up when pumping is resumed~
so as to pass down th~ system as frazil ice~ In som~ circumst~nces this may present drawbacks, necessitating the use of an ice catcher in the water line, shown in Figures ~ and 7, Figure 4 shows a system 30 suited ~or more heavily undulating terrain and ~reater distances wherein the pipeline 14 is internally pressur;zed with a gas such as air. In the illustrated embodiment ~1 air transfer ~ushion tank 32 in the building 18 can produce substantially total flattening of the ~;
hose 34 upon cessation of pumping, so that under freezing conditions only ~wo small ^reins" of ;ce can effectively form~
The size of the transfer air cu~ion ~ank 32 is determined by ~he length o~ the pipel;ne ~or the individual installation. It has been found that with the pump 12 op0rating at a pressure in the order of 4O pounds per squar~ inch(psi~
gauge, so as to substantially fully expand the inner hose with water, the air pressure in the transfer eushion t~nk 32 should be in the range o~ 30 to 40 psi gauge~ and the capaeity o~ the tank should be such that when the hose has been emptied of water upon termination of a pumping cy~le as in Figure 3, ~he pressure in the line 1~ as maintained on the exterior o~ the hose will be in the order of lO to 12 psi gauge~
In some installations the provision of air venting ~~
to the pipeline 14 fac~ilitates the formation o~ a travellin~ ~ :
wave phenomena~ B~ ~enting the pipeline to atmo~phere a-t a , loca-tion remote ~rom the wa-ter source~ upon startup o~ the pump the air in pipel~ e 14 is progressi~ly displaced as the hose 22 is pri~ed, and in the reverse, as the natural elastici-ty of hose 22 expell~ wa~er from the hose 22~ the progress.i~e inflow of air favours a discharge wave towards the pump~
Referring to F;gure 5, ~he deep well installation 40 is provi~ed with a. pump 42 located below the frost lev01 so tha-t a footval~e 44 can mainta.in the intake pipe 46 full of ua-ter at all times, to maintain pump 42 pump 42 in primed cond.ition~
In this instance the pipeline 14 connects by way of a valve V with a by pass dr~in 14' which by-passes the pump 42.
The valve V is generally a solenoid valve which is held closed in the pumping cycle, and upon the term~a~ion of operation o~
pump 42, the valve V opens~ to permit unres~ricted drainage of line 14, by way o~ by-pass drain line 14'.
Turning to figures 6 and 7~ the termination of pipeline 14 in a building containing a pressurized sys~m having a check valve Vc therein is provided with a~ ice trap 50 which comprises a hollow cylindrical body 52, the cylindrioal wall portion 54 thereof having a number of perforations 55 therethrough, ~or passage of water into the system9 while the passage of ice therepast is ef~ectively precluded~
_ ,"~ _
Thls invention is dlreeted to liquid transfer systerns, and in par~ieular to a fro5 t -:free liqu;d tr~nsfer system~
The pre~;ently di~olosed ~y~tem ernbo(liments are par~
ticularly well suited to frost free water~ystems~ to which the pre:erred embodiments are direc ted, However, such limitatiorl is ~or purposes of practieality and reaæonable brevity9 and not to restrict -the broad field o:P utîlity of this di~olosure~
The provision oï wal;er in cold climates suffers :~r5111 ~he dangers of Ireeze up~ Owing to ~he p~netration o:E' frost below the g~und it is nes~essary ei ther to bring the water supply line below the frost level, or to take alternative steps to prevent icing up o~ the sys tem~
In areas having insuI~`icierl~ soil eover to permit ~urial below the frost level, wh~ch may penetrate as much as five feet below the sur:~ace~ alternative methods have been utilized to prevent the free~;ng of water supplies. ~!
Certain well Xnown methods such as heating cablest insulation, continuous circulation, etc~are charact~ri~ed by high initial costs and/or high running co~ts~
United States Patent No.3j536~985 ~.G,Erickson1 December 14th~1971 teaches the use of air pressure in oombi-nation with a collapsible ho~eg for the discharge o~ water from a mobile agricultural sprinkler system, in a temperate olimaSe~
using a special hose system incorporating one or more interior perforated tub~ in combination with the other element~ to en-sure the avoidance of the total collapse of the hose~ .
The Eric~on system suffers ~rom the disadvantagethat it is pro~ided for temperate climate, and i~ intended for very high ~low rates associated wi~h irriga~ion~ Accordingly, the hoses are large, and the per~ora-ted tubes that a~sure oorreot emptying are subject to water ret~ntion and su4sequent ;ce plugging i~ ù~ed ;n-~ a cold climate.
The present invention provides a water conveying system ~or use in ~n environment subject to freezing, having a pipelin~ extending between a water supply and a water util;zing sys-~em~ i.noluding the .impr~vernent co~pr;s.ing a di~metrically expansible elastic walled i.nner hose having the ends thereof connectible to the supply and the utiliz;ing system, the hose being expa~sible under water pumping pressure to substantially ~ill the pipeline, the hose being contractible upon release of wa-ter supply pressure to provide significant dewatering o~ -the hose Qn depressurization o~ -the water supply. Con-trac-tion of the hose is assisted by the applieation of air pressure~ in a predetermined pressure range~
~ he system further provides ice catcher means in the water utilizing sys-tem, ~o reeeive particles of ice formed with;n the inner hose.
~ he arrangement further provides water supply means to permit baek ~rainag~ of the hose and permit hose ~nptying therethrough upon termination o~ water pumping.
One embodiment oi~ -the sub ject system utilize a gum rubber inner hose having a significantly smaller out~ide diamter -than the inner diame~er of the generally rigid pipeline.
It has been :f ound that the selection of a normally resilient inner hose, which expand~ elastically when l;quid is supplied internally at a predetermined pumping pressure to substantially fill the pipeline upon application of a predeter-mined pressure within the pipeline, achieves partial but sig~ :
nificant discharge of the hose liquid conten~ under the inherent elasticity of t~e hose wall when pumping pre~sure is removed.
In general the task of emptying the hose i5 comple^ted by a gas cushion contained within the pipeline~ which ~erves to sub-stantially totally collap$e the flexible hose, and thus expel ~he liquid content~
Certain embodiments o~ the arrangement are described reference being made to the aceompan~ing drawings~ wherein;
Figure l is a general diagramatic view of a first system in aceordance with the present invention;
-Figure 2 is a cross~sectional view of a line accDrding to -the pre~ent in-ven-tion, i.n a l.iquid ~illed sta te;
Figure 3 is a similar view ~o Figure 2 showing -the hose in a substantially 1;otally collapsed state s Figure 4 is a sim;lar v;ew to Figure 1 :for another embodiment incorporating a tr~nsfer cushion tank:
Figure 5 shows a ~urther embodiment for a deep well; ~`
Figure 6 shows a pipeline termination incorporating -.
an ice trap~ and ;~
~igure 7 is an enlarged view o~ the portion 7 of -:
Figure 6~
Referring ~o Figure 1, the ystem 10 has a cen*rifugal pump 12 immersed in a body of water at a level below the frost line. A pipeline 14 of steel or plastic connects the pump 1~
with a gravi-ty holding tank 16 located in ~he pro~ected environ-ment of a building 18. The internal sys~em within ~he building . ~;
has a connect;on 20 from the inlet side of the ~ystem pump ~not shown) into ~he reservoir 16~ Thus the pres~nce of small quant~
ities of frazil ice in the tank 16 deli~ered by the sy~tem has no dele~arious ef~ect on the house supply, the tank 16 serving in this instance as an ice catcher. ~
Referring to Figure 2, the pipeline 14, illus~rated ~ ;;
here as being of plastîc, oontains an undersi~ed elastic walled hose 22 having sufficien~ elast.icity to expand under water pressure applied by pump 12 to sub~tantially *ill the pipeline 14. The wall o~ hose 22 i~ suf~ic.iently ela~tic to contract substantially9 upon ccssation oX pumping, so as to ~i~charge a s;gni~icant portion o~ the water content thereof to the ci~tern :~
16 or through the pump 12, Should ~reezing take place in the hose~ thereby in the worst instance ~orming a central ~e core5 the pump is capable of expanding the hose 22 to ~ill the pi~eline 14, thereby pumping water through the hose~ with consequent diminution of the ice cor~. Under moderate f'reezing condition~
the ice core does no~ bulld up cumulatlvely7 and sequen-tial pumping operations may thus be repeated.
It has been found :in one type o~ installatiorl tha-t a hose ha~ing 5/~" inner diameter~ 7/8" outer diame-ter; of pure g~m amber -tubing~ installed within a rigid tube of 1-~-' inner diane~er can be e:~ectively self~discharging~ and can :~unc~ior effectively at tempera~ures below freezing~
Selection of smaller diameter hose and outer pipeline results, under freezing condi-tions, ;n the formation of I~e cores suf~ciently ;nsubstantial to break up when pumping is resumed~
so as to pass down th~ system as frazil ice~ In som~ circumst~nces this may present drawbacks, necessitating the use of an ice catcher in the water line, shown in Figures ~ and 7, Figure 4 shows a system 30 suited ~or more heavily undulating terrain and ~reater distances wherein the pipeline 14 is internally pressur;zed with a gas such as air. In the illustrated embodiment ~1 air transfer ~ushion tank 32 in the building 18 can produce substantially total flattening of the ~;
hose 34 upon cessation of pumping, so that under freezing conditions only ~wo small ^reins" of ;ce can effectively form~
The size of the transfer air cu~ion ~ank 32 is determined by ~he length o~ the pipel;ne ~or the individual installation. It has been found that with the pump 12 op0rating at a pressure in the order of 4O pounds per squar~ inch(psi~
gauge, so as to substantially fully expand the inner hose with water, the air pressure in the transfer eushion t~nk 32 should be in the range o~ 30 to 40 psi gauge~ and the capaeity o~ the tank should be such that when the hose has been emptied of water upon termination of a pumping cy~le as in Figure 3, ~he pressure in the line 1~ as maintained on the exterior o~ the hose will be in the order of lO to 12 psi gauge~
In some installations the provision of air venting ~~
to the pipeline 14 fac~ilitates the formation o~ a travellin~ ~ :
wave phenomena~ B~ ~enting the pipeline to atmo~phere a-t a , loca-tion remote ~rom the wa-ter source~ upon startup o~ the pump the air in pipel~ e 14 is progressi~ly displaced as the hose 22 is pri~ed, and in the reverse, as the natural elastici-ty of hose 22 expell~ wa~er from the hose 22~ the progress.i~e inflow of air favours a discharge wave towards the pump~
Referring to F;gure 5, ~he deep well installation 40 is provi~ed with a. pump 42 located below the frost lev01 so tha-t a footval~e 44 can mainta.in the intake pipe 46 full of ua-ter at all times, to maintain pump 42 pump 42 in primed cond.ition~
In this instance the pipeline 14 connects by way of a valve V with a by pass dr~in 14' which by-passes the pump 42.
The valve V is generally a solenoid valve which is held closed in the pumping cycle, and upon the term~a~ion of operation o~
pump 42, the valve V opens~ to permit unres~ricted drainage of line 14, by way o~ by-pass drain line 14'.
Turning to figures 6 and 7~ the termination of pipeline 14 in a building containing a pressurized sys~m having a check valve Vc therein is provided with a~ ice trap 50 which comprises a hollow cylindrical body 52, the cylindrioal wall portion 54 thereof having a number of perforations 55 therethrough, ~or passage of water into the system9 while the passage of ice therepast is ef~ectively precluded~
_ ,"~ _
Claims (8)
1, In a liquid transfer system for use i n an environment subject to freezing, having a substantially rigid pipeline for extending between a liquid supply and liquid receiving system, the improvement comprising a resilient collapsible inner hose within said pipeline having the ends thereof secured to the pipe-line and connectible to said supply and said receiving system, said inner hose having an elastic wall extensible under liquid supply pressure within the hose to substantially fill the pipe-line, and contractible in a diametrical sense under the inherent elasticity of the hose wall upon release of said supply pressure to provide significant diminution of the liquid content of the hose on termination of the pressurization of the supply.
2. The system as claimed in Claim 1, including ice catcher means in said system, to contain particles of ice formed within said inner hose.
3. The system as claimed in Claim. including gas pressure admission means connected to said pipeline for the provision of pressurized gas within the pipeline, to compress said hose in liquid expelling relation therewith.
4. The system as claimed in Claim 3 including gas pressure container connected with saidpipeline having sufficient capa-city to substantially collapse said inner hose and provide a residual pressure thereagainst in the range of 10 to 15 psi gauge, when in use.
5. The system as claimed in Claim 3 said supply including a pump, by-pass drain means connecting said hose in drain-back by-passing relation with said pump; including by-pass valve means selectively operable in use upon termination of operation of the pump to permit substantially unrestricted drainage of said hose while maintaining said pump in a primed condition.
6 . The system as claimed in Claim 1, Claim 2 or Claim 3 for use in water transfer.
7. The system as claimed in Claim 4 or Claim 5 for use in water transfer
8. The method of cylcically operating a liquid transfer system to transfer liquid through a collapsible hose including the steps of providing a hose having sufficient wall stiffness to at least partially discharge the system when unpressurized;
applying a predetermined gas pressure against the exterior surface of said hose to substantially completely collapse the hose against said wall stiffness; applying a predetermined pumping pressure against an intake end of said hose to introduce liquid within the hose and to overcome said gas pres-sure to expand said hose to a predetermined diametrical limit; transferring a desired quantity of said liquid through said hose to an outlet therefrom; terminating said pumping pressure to terminate said liquid transfer, and to permit expansion of the gas along said hose in liquid expelling relation therefrom.
applying a predetermined gas pressure against the exterior surface of said hose to substantially completely collapse the hose against said wall stiffness; applying a predetermined pumping pressure against an intake end of said hose to introduce liquid within the hose and to overcome said gas pres-sure to expand said hose to a predetermined diametrical limit; transferring a desired quantity of said liquid through said hose to an outlet therefrom; terminating said pumping pressure to terminate said liquid transfer, and to permit expansion of the gas along said hose in liquid expelling relation therefrom.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA315,501A CA1122877A (en) | 1978-10-31 | 1978-10-31 | Frost free liquid transfer system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA315,501A CA1122877A (en) | 1978-10-31 | 1978-10-31 | Frost free liquid transfer system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1122877A true CA1122877A (en) | 1982-05-04 |
Family
ID=4112835
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA315,501A Expired CA1122877A (en) | 1978-10-31 | 1978-10-31 | Frost free liquid transfer system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1122877A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4770211A (en) * | 1985-02-25 | 1988-09-13 | Olsson Lars Uno | Method for thawing out road culverts choked with ice |
| US5445356A (en) * | 1994-03-11 | 1995-08-29 | Walsh; Roger C. | Non-freezing liquid supply system |
| CN105114711A (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2015-12-02 | 吴刚 | Anti-freezing water pipe |
| US9587771B2 (en) | 2012-04-18 | 2017-03-07 | Roger C. Walsh | Self-draining hose |
| GB2563207A (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2018-12-12 | Stuart Turner Ltd | Liquid transfer device |
-
1978
- 1978-10-31 CA CA315,501A patent/CA1122877A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4770211A (en) * | 1985-02-25 | 1988-09-13 | Olsson Lars Uno | Method for thawing out road culverts choked with ice |
| US5445356A (en) * | 1994-03-11 | 1995-08-29 | Walsh; Roger C. | Non-freezing liquid supply system |
| US9587771B2 (en) | 2012-04-18 | 2017-03-07 | Roger C. Walsh | Self-draining hose |
| CN105114711A (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2015-12-02 | 吴刚 | Anti-freezing water pipe |
| GB2563207A (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2018-12-12 | Stuart Turner Ltd | Liquid transfer device |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |