CA1122547A - Entrainment separator and gas-liquid contactor - Google Patents
Entrainment separator and gas-liquid contactorInfo
- Publication number
- CA1122547A CA1122547A CA328,337A CA328337A CA1122547A CA 1122547 A CA1122547 A CA 1122547A CA 328337 A CA328337 A CA 328337A CA 1122547 A CA1122547 A CA 1122547A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- housing
- funnel
- tube
- inlet
- separator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D45/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces
- B01D45/04—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by utilising inertia
- B01D45/08—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by utilising inertia by impingement against baffle separators
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D45/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces
- B01D45/04—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by utilising inertia
- B01D45/08—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by utilising inertia by impingement against baffle separators
- B01D45/10—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by utilising inertia by impingement against baffle separators which are wetted
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An entrainment separator for separating liquids from gases and solids from gases, including a housing providing an inlet at one end and an outlet at the opposed end, an adjustable, preferably planar, surface provid-ing a face facing the inlet and an opposed face, an annular deflector beneath the planar surface attached to the housing and extending inward of the housing and positioned relative to the planar surface to provide an opening between the planar surface and annular deflector, means to adjust the position of the planar surface relative to the annular deflector, a tube attached to the opposed face of the planar surface and extending downward of the inlet, a funnel providing a downward extending spout positioned below the tube, means providing flow of liquid in the funnel past the tube and to the spout, and a gas outlet extending through the side of the housing. The apparatus can also function as a contactor for liquids with gases, solids or liquids, by incorporating means to introduce a mist or spray of liquid droplets and positioned between said inlet and said adjustable surface, whereby a gaseous stream introduced through said inlet can be efficiently contacted with said mist or spray.
An entrainment separator for separating liquids from gases and solids from gases, including a housing providing an inlet at one end and an outlet at the opposed end, an adjustable, preferably planar, surface provid-ing a face facing the inlet and an opposed face, an annular deflector beneath the planar surface attached to the housing and extending inward of the housing and positioned relative to the planar surface to provide an opening between the planar surface and annular deflector, means to adjust the position of the planar surface relative to the annular deflector, a tube attached to the opposed face of the planar surface and extending downward of the inlet, a funnel providing a downward extending spout positioned below the tube, means providing flow of liquid in the funnel past the tube and to the spout, and a gas outlet extending through the side of the housing. The apparatus can also function as a contactor for liquids with gases, solids or liquids, by incorporating means to introduce a mist or spray of liquid droplets and positioned between said inlet and said adjustable surface, whereby a gaseous stream introduced through said inlet can be efficiently contacted with said mist or spray.
Description
~ 47 The present invention relates to an entra;nment separator. More particularly, it relates to an entrainment separator for the separation of entrained solids or liquids from gases, preferably entrained liquids. It also relates to a contactor-separator whereby a mist or drops of a liquid can be contacted with the gaseous stream to urther remove entrained liquids, solids and/or soluble or reactive components of the gaseous stream ~e.g. SO2 removal by a caustic wash.) It has been well known that dispersions of liquids in gases and gases in liquids are always fundamentally unstable mixtures. Left to them-selves, they will generally separate into massive collections of the component phases. In many instance, however, such natural separation occurs over a long period of time. For industrial uses and independent of origin of the dispersion, whether intentional or inadvertent, the gas-liquid dispersions generally are always ultima*ely separated. The separation may consist merely of removal of the aggregated and collected phases, or it may involve aggregation and collection as well as removal. Often the rate at which the process of separation would occur naturally is slow and uneconomical. In such cases the separation operation may be enhanced by the artificial acceleration of the natural process.
There are many reasons why gas-liquid dispersions should be separated. The quality of a process stream or of a product can suffer unless adulterating material in the form of another dispersed phase is removed. The efficiency of staged mass transfer operations can be reduced if there is mechanical carryover of a dispersed phase with the continuous stream from one stage to the next. Valuable material can be lost from a system because of incomplete separation of dispersed material. With improper separation of the gas-liquid dispersion, there can be intrusion of an unwanted phase into equipment along the line of processing which may result in poor ., --. 1 ' - : ' ,` :
' ~
:~25~7 performance or damage to the equipment. A discharg0 of a gas-liquid dispersion from a stack can result in atmospherlc pollution and possible destruction of property.
Many methods are employed to separate gas-liquid dispersion systems Such methods include: gravitational, inertial, absorption, dilution, physiochemical, electrical, and thermal. Often more than one method is effective and the methods may be combined for synergistic effect.
Many separators employing the above systems and procedures are the product of invention or accumulated experience and have never been completely described scientificallyO hlany such methods and apparatus for separating entrained liquids from gases are designed specifically for the conditions peculiar to a given gas-liquid dispersion system and the mechanical apparatus also peculiar to that syste~, In accordance with this invention~ there is disclosed an entrainment separator for separating liquids from gases and solids from gases comprising:
a. a housing providing an inlet at one end, an outlet at the opposed end and an outlet disposed along the side;
b an adjustable surface, preferably planar, providing a face ~O f3eln~ tl~e inlet nnd an opposed face;
c. an annular deflector beneath the adjustable surface, attached to the housing and extending inward of the housing and positioned relative to the adjustable surface to provide an opening between the adjustable surface and annular deflector;
d. means to adjust the position of the adjustable surface relative to the annular deflector;
e. a tube attached to the opposed face of the adjustable surface and e~tending do~qnward of the inlet;
There are many reasons why gas-liquid dispersions should be separated. The quality of a process stream or of a product can suffer unless adulterating material in the form of another dispersed phase is removed. The efficiency of staged mass transfer operations can be reduced if there is mechanical carryover of a dispersed phase with the continuous stream from one stage to the next. Valuable material can be lost from a system because of incomplete separation of dispersed material. With improper separation of the gas-liquid dispersion, there can be intrusion of an unwanted phase into equipment along the line of processing which may result in poor ., --. 1 ' - : ' ,` :
' ~
:~25~7 performance or damage to the equipment. A discharg0 of a gas-liquid dispersion from a stack can result in atmospherlc pollution and possible destruction of property.
Many methods are employed to separate gas-liquid dispersion systems Such methods include: gravitational, inertial, absorption, dilution, physiochemical, electrical, and thermal. Often more than one method is effective and the methods may be combined for synergistic effect.
Many separators employing the above systems and procedures are the product of invention or accumulated experience and have never been completely described scientificallyO hlany such methods and apparatus for separating entrained liquids from gases are designed specifically for the conditions peculiar to a given gas-liquid dispersion system and the mechanical apparatus also peculiar to that syste~, In accordance with this invention~ there is disclosed an entrainment separator for separating liquids from gases and solids from gases comprising:
a. a housing providing an inlet at one end, an outlet at the opposed end and an outlet disposed along the side;
b an adjustable surface, preferably planar, providing a face ~O f3eln~ tl~e inlet nnd an opposed face;
c. an annular deflector beneath the adjustable surface, attached to the housing and extending inward of the housing and positioned relative to the adjustable surface to provide an opening between the adjustable surface and annular deflector;
d. means to adjust the position of the adjustable surface relative to the annular deflector;
e. a tube attached to the opposed face of the adjustable surface and e~tending do~qnward of the inlet;
2~S4~ `
f. a funnel providing a downward extending spout positioned below the tube; and g. means providing flow of liquid in the funnel past the tube and to the spout.
The above entrainment separator can also function as a contactor for liquids with gases, solids or liquids, by including means for providing a spray of liquid droplets or a mist to the interior volume above the adjustable surface and below the inlet, whereby a gaseous stTeam introduced through the inlet can be efficiently contacted with the spray or mist.
The advantages of the invention include the following:
1. The adjustmen~ feature allows a wide turndown ratio, even during operation if the external adjustment is included.
2~ Easily cleaned after removal of internals.
f. a funnel providing a downward extending spout positioned below the tube; and g. means providing flow of liquid in the funnel past the tube and to the spout.
The above entrainment separator can also function as a contactor for liquids with gases, solids or liquids, by including means for providing a spray of liquid droplets or a mist to the interior volume above the adjustable surface and below the inlet, whereby a gaseous stTeam introduced through the inlet can be efficiently contacted with the spray or mist.
The advantages of the invention include the following:
1. The adjustmen~ feature allows a wide turndown ratio, even during operation if the external adjustment is included.
2~ Easily cleaned after removal of internals.
3. Small positive flow of gas assists in keeping the separated liquid or gas particles moving toward the drain outlet.
4. In the ~favored) downward flow configuration the direction of gas flow assists the gravitational drainage down the wall of the impingement cylinder and prevents reentrainment.
5. The cylindrical configuration of the housing is the least ~0 c~ponsive for pressure or vacuum application, and is well suited for lining against corrosion, erosion, etc.
6. The housing can be fabricated from standard piping or vessel sections, while the internals can be sized for particular applications.
These and other features and advantages of the present invention will be appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description and accompan~ing drawings, wherein Figures 1, 2 and 3 are longitudinal cross-sectional views through preferred embodiments of a contactor according to the invention; Figure 5 is a longitudînal cross-~æz54~
sectional view through a preferred ~mbodiment of an entrainment separator of theinvention; and Figure 4 is a detail of a preferred adjustment means.
With referen oe particul æly to Figure 5 of the drawings, the entrain-ment sep æ ator thereof ccmprises a housing 10. Positioned on housing lO by means of a main flange ll, is a removable cover 12 having an inlet 14. Posi-tioned directly below and in line with inlet 14 is planar surface 16 which formsa plane perpendicular to the plane defined by the sides aE inlet 14. Planar sur-fa oe 16 has a face directed toward inlet 14 and an opposed faoe. Plan æ surfaoe16 is positioned in proxImity to and lying within a concave cavity formed by annular deflector 20 of frusto-conical shape and which is attached to housing 10.
Annular deflector 20 attached to housing lO extends, generally, downward and in-ward of the housing. The slope inward of annular deflector 20 is frcm about 15 to about 75 from vertical. It is preferred that the annular deflector have an inward slope of from about 30 to about 60. Plan æ surfaoe 16 has adjustment means 18 by which the position of the plan æ surface is adjusted in relation to annular deflector 20. An opening between planar surfa oe 16 and annular deflector 20 is defined by the edge of the planar surface 16 and annular deflector 20. By adjusting the adjustment means 18, the width of the opening is correspondingly adjusted.
Attached to the opposed face of planar sur.fa oe 16 is tube 22. The sides of tube 22 c~re perpendicular to the plane of planar surface 16. Tube 22 extends dcwnward frcm planar surface lG into the mouth of funnel 24 lying directly bel~ planar surface 16. Funnel 24 has a spout 26 extending dcwnward toward the bottom of housing 10. Lying belcw spout 26 is a liquid or solids out-let 34. Spout 26 can have a lateral gas exhaust port 28. If spout 26 has a gas port 28, shield 30 is provided and positioned directly above gas port 28 and attached to funnel 24 to prevent liquid or solids frcm flowing throl~gh the open-ing. A gas outlet 32 is positioned on the side of housing 10~ directly facing and in line with gas port 28. m e llZ;2~
entrainment separator of this invention is designed to separate liquids and solids from the gas in which they are entrained. Although the separator of the invention can be used to separate solid particles from gases, it is particularly suited to separate liquids from gases. It is preferable that the entrainment separator for separating solids from gases have washing means 36 for washing the solids, disengaged from the gas, from the surfaces on which they accumulate. Such washing means include a spray or series of spray nozzles, ring sprayers and the like.
The description of the entrainment separator will be better understood by the following discussion of the flow of gas-liquid dispersion therethrough.
The gas-liquid dispersion to be separated enters in a downward flow into the entrainment separator housing 10 through inlet 14 located on cover 12. Cover 12 can be either fixed or removable. It has been found to B be preferreJ to have the cover removable to facilitate inspection, cleaning, adjustment or repair of the separator.
The downward flowing gas-liquid dispersion strikes planar surface 16 which lies directly in the path of the dispersion flnw. The planar sur-face diverts the flow of gas but the liquid entrained in the dispersion is impinged on the planar surface. ~he entrained liquid droplets in the dispersion are carried toward the planar surface by their large downward flowing momentum relative to the gas flow and the liquid droplets thereby impinge upon the planar surface. rhe gas continues to flow around the edges of the planar surface striking annular deflector 20. 'rhe annular deflector directs the gas through the opening between the planar surface and the annular deflector. Any liquid which remained in the gas after striking the planar surface is impinged onto the surface of the annular deflec*or.
The gas passing through the opening between the planar surface and annular - ~22~4~
deflector is directed by the annular de1ector into the sides of tube 22, Any liquid which still remains in the gas may also impinge or disengage from the gas by centrifugal force onto the surface of tube 22, The gas flow substantially continues around tube 22 toward gas outlet 32. ~lowever, some gas will strike funnel 24. Any liquid remaining in the gas striking the funnel can be impinged on the surface thereof. The flow of substantially liquid-free gas from the funnel and the tube continues due to the gas flow pressure striking the side of the housing whereupon remaining liquid is impinged or disengaged from the gas ~y centrifugal force and the gas then flows through gas-outlet 32 located on the side of housing 10.
Tube 22 has a plurality (e.g., 3 or 4) of slotted lug members ~one of which 40 is shown in the figure~ which corresponds with slotted lugs 41 on the cone 24 and permits vertical adjustment of the gap between cylinder 22 and cone 24. The adjustment is made such that the disengaged liquid can flow down cone 24 but not so great as to permit excess flow of air downward~
The slots are shown as 42 in the figure. Clamping is achieved by bolt and nut, 43.
It is preferred that the gas-outlet 32 extend into the housing 10 to prevent re-entrainment of the liquid that collected on the interior wall of the housing as it flows do~Yn the wall toward the liquid outlet.
The flow of gas and the velocity thereof can be controlled by the adjustment means 18 located on planar surface 16. As recited above, the adjustment means positions planar surfaca 16 relative to annular deflector 20 and thereby controls the width of the opening between the planar surface and the annular deflector. The planar surface lies within the concave cavity of the annular deflector. By raising or lowering the planar surface, the opening is correspondingl~ windened or narl-owed~ Any convenient adjust-ment means can be used to adjust the planar surface such as bolt and nut, _ 6 --, :
- ~ZZS~7 bolt with threaded aperture in the planar surface, slide fastener, and the like.
The liquid impinged on planar surface 16 collects on the surface until droplets of sufficient size are formed such that they begin to run off the planar surfaceO The drops of liquid fall off the edge of the planar surface striking annular deflector 20. The liquid flows down the annular deflector. The inner and lower edge of the annular deflector extends inward of housing 10 and over the mouth of funnel 24 lying below. The liquid that has run off the planar surface flows down the annular deflector collecting any liquid impinged thereon and drops into funnel 24. Liquid that is impinged on tube 22 likewise drops into funnel 24. ~unnel 24 can be attached to the housing or can be attached to tube 22, Preferably, funnel 24 is attached to the tube or housing in such a manner that it can be readily removed to facilitate cleaning. It is preferred that the funnel be attached to the tube such that a gap of from about 1/8 to about 1/4 inches is foTmed between the funnel and tube. Alternatively, the funnel can be attached to the lower end of the tube with slots provided in the tube to enable liquid to flow from the funnel to the spout. More preferablyl the means of attachment of the funnel to the tube are adjustable to vary the gap within the desired range of about 1/8 to lt4 inches. The liquid collected in ~unnel 24 flows dol~l spout 26 and drops out of the top of the spout into liquid outlet 34 and out of housing 10 of the separator. Any liquid impinged on the side of housing or outlet 32 runs off the surface of the outlet, down the side of the housing and out liquid outlet 34.
Generally, the gas will not substantially flow through the funnel because of the constriction between the mouth and spout of the funnel and because the gas is free to flow upward out of the funnel. However, a gas exhaust port 28 can be provided in spout 26 of funnel 24 to allow any gas
These and other features and advantages of the present invention will be appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description and accompan~ing drawings, wherein Figures 1, 2 and 3 are longitudinal cross-sectional views through preferred embodiments of a contactor according to the invention; Figure 5 is a longitudînal cross-~æz54~
sectional view through a preferred ~mbodiment of an entrainment separator of theinvention; and Figure 4 is a detail of a preferred adjustment means.
With referen oe particul æly to Figure 5 of the drawings, the entrain-ment sep æ ator thereof ccmprises a housing 10. Positioned on housing lO by means of a main flange ll, is a removable cover 12 having an inlet 14. Posi-tioned directly below and in line with inlet 14 is planar surface 16 which formsa plane perpendicular to the plane defined by the sides aE inlet 14. Planar sur-fa oe 16 has a face directed toward inlet 14 and an opposed faoe. Plan æ surfaoe16 is positioned in proxImity to and lying within a concave cavity formed by annular deflector 20 of frusto-conical shape and which is attached to housing 10.
Annular deflector 20 attached to housing lO extends, generally, downward and in-ward of the housing. The slope inward of annular deflector 20 is frcm about 15 to about 75 from vertical. It is preferred that the annular deflector have an inward slope of from about 30 to about 60. Plan æ surfaoe 16 has adjustment means 18 by which the position of the plan æ surface is adjusted in relation to annular deflector 20. An opening between planar surfa oe 16 and annular deflector 20 is defined by the edge of the planar surface 16 and annular deflector 20. By adjusting the adjustment means 18, the width of the opening is correspondingly adjusted.
Attached to the opposed face of planar sur.fa oe 16 is tube 22. The sides of tube 22 c~re perpendicular to the plane of planar surface 16. Tube 22 extends dcwnward frcm planar surface lG into the mouth of funnel 24 lying directly bel~ planar surface 16. Funnel 24 has a spout 26 extending dcwnward toward the bottom of housing 10. Lying belcw spout 26 is a liquid or solids out-let 34. Spout 26 can have a lateral gas exhaust port 28. If spout 26 has a gas port 28, shield 30 is provided and positioned directly above gas port 28 and attached to funnel 24 to prevent liquid or solids frcm flowing throl~gh the open-ing. A gas outlet 32 is positioned on the side of housing 10~ directly facing and in line with gas port 28. m e llZ;2~
entrainment separator of this invention is designed to separate liquids and solids from the gas in which they are entrained. Although the separator of the invention can be used to separate solid particles from gases, it is particularly suited to separate liquids from gases. It is preferable that the entrainment separator for separating solids from gases have washing means 36 for washing the solids, disengaged from the gas, from the surfaces on which they accumulate. Such washing means include a spray or series of spray nozzles, ring sprayers and the like.
The description of the entrainment separator will be better understood by the following discussion of the flow of gas-liquid dispersion therethrough.
The gas-liquid dispersion to be separated enters in a downward flow into the entrainment separator housing 10 through inlet 14 located on cover 12. Cover 12 can be either fixed or removable. It has been found to B be preferreJ to have the cover removable to facilitate inspection, cleaning, adjustment or repair of the separator.
The downward flowing gas-liquid dispersion strikes planar surface 16 which lies directly in the path of the dispersion flnw. The planar sur-face diverts the flow of gas but the liquid entrained in the dispersion is impinged on the planar surface. ~he entrained liquid droplets in the dispersion are carried toward the planar surface by their large downward flowing momentum relative to the gas flow and the liquid droplets thereby impinge upon the planar surface. rhe gas continues to flow around the edges of the planar surface striking annular deflector 20. 'rhe annular deflector directs the gas through the opening between the planar surface and the annular deflector. Any liquid which remained in the gas after striking the planar surface is impinged onto the surface of the annular deflec*or.
The gas passing through the opening between the planar surface and annular - ~22~4~
deflector is directed by the annular de1ector into the sides of tube 22, Any liquid which still remains in the gas may also impinge or disengage from the gas by centrifugal force onto the surface of tube 22, The gas flow substantially continues around tube 22 toward gas outlet 32. ~lowever, some gas will strike funnel 24. Any liquid remaining in the gas striking the funnel can be impinged on the surface thereof. The flow of substantially liquid-free gas from the funnel and the tube continues due to the gas flow pressure striking the side of the housing whereupon remaining liquid is impinged or disengaged from the gas ~y centrifugal force and the gas then flows through gas-outlet 32 located on the side of housing 10.
Tube 22 has a plurality (e.g., 3 or 4) of slotted lug members ~one of which 40 is shown in the figure~ which corresponds with slotted lugs 41 on the cone 24 and permits vertical adjustment of the gap between cylinder 22 and cone 24. The adjustment is made such that the disengaged liquid can flow down cone 24 but not so great as to permit excess flow of air downward~
The slots are shown as 42 in the figure. Clamping is achieved by bolt and nut, 43.
It is preferred that the gas-outlet 32 extend into the housing 10 to prevent re-entrainment of the liquid that collected on the interior wall of the housing as it flows do~Yn the wall toward the liquid outlet.
The flow of gas and the velocity thereof can be controlled by the adjustment means 18 located on planar surface 16. As recited above, the adjustment means positions planar surfaca 16 relative to annular deflector 20 and thereby controls the width of the opening between the planar surface and the annular deflector. The planar surface lies within the concave cavity of the annular deflector. By raising or lowering the planar surface, the opening is correspondingl~ windened or narl-owed~ Any convenient adjust-ment means can be used to adjust the planar surface such as bolt and nut, _ 6 --, :
- ~ZZS~7 bolt with threaded aperture in the planar surface, slide fastener, and the like.
The liquid impinged on planar surface 16 collects on the surface until droplets of sufficient size are formed such that they begin to run off the planar surfaceO The drops of liquid fall off the edge of the planar surface striking annular deflector 20. The liquid flows down the annular deflector. The inner and lower edge of the annular deflector extends inward of housing 10 and over the mouth of funnel 24 lying below. The liquid that has run off the planar surface flows down the annular deflector collecting any liquid impinged thereon and drops into funnel 24. Liquid that is impinged on tube 22 likewise drops into funnel 24. ~unnel 24 can be attached to the housing or can be attached to tube 22, Preferably, funnel 24 is attached to the tube or housing in such a manner that it can be readily removed to facilitate cleaning. It is preferred that the funnel be attached to the tube such that a gap of from about 1/8 to about 1/4 inches is foTmed between the funnel and tube. Alternatively, the funnel can be attached to the lower end of the tube with slots provided in the tube to enable liquid to flow from the funnel to the spout. More preferablyl the means of attachment of the funnel to the tube are adjustable to vary the gap within the desired range of about 1/8 to lt4 inches. The liquid collected in ~unnel 24 flows dol~l spout 26 and drops out of the top of the spout into liquid outlet 34 and out of housing 10 of the separator. Any liquid impinged on the side of housing or outlet 32 runs off the surface of the outlet, down the side of the housing and out liquid outlet 34.
Generally, the gas will not substantially flow through the funnel because of the constriction between the mouth and spout of the funnel and because the gas is free to flow upward out of the funnel. However, a gas exhaust port 28 can be provided in spout 26 of funnel 24 to allow any gas
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5~7 passing down the spout a passage~ay out of the funnel. The gas port allows the gas to pass out of the spout rather than pass through the narrow spout at the same time as the liquid. The gas port provides a pathway of least resistance for gas out of the spoutO The passage of the liquid down the spout is also enhanced by the availability of gas port 28. From gas port 28, the gas can flow directly to the gas outlet 32. Liquid is prevented from flowing out of the gas port by a shield 30 positioned over the gas port. The shield directs the flow of liquid away from the gas port. In the broadest sense, this device is a separator, and with means provided for adding a liquid mist or droplets, e.g. as when a spray boom and nozzle are inserted in the inlet, is a contactor/separator.
Thus, referring to Figure 1, positioned above the adjustable surface 16, and below the inlet 14, is a spray boom 1 which can introduce a spray of liquid droplets or a mist which can provide intimate contact of a wash liquid, ~e.g., water) or a reagent ~e.g , aqueous base to react with acidic gases~ with the fluid entering through the inlet 14.
The spray-head 3 could be directed upward toward the inlet 1 or, as illustrated, toward the adjustable surface 16. It will be noted that the surface washing means 36 are to be distinguished from the means 1 of introducing a spray or mist to the interior of the upper volume of the device, thus permitting efficient contact of the spray or mist with a fluid B stream comprising ~ containing entrained solids and/or liquids.
Many arrangements of the basic design are possible, to fit in with a total system design e.g., 1. vertical (downwards) gas outlet, with the liquid drain and funnel drain skewed ~see Figure 3). Thus, referring to Figure 3, the ~unnel spout o. drain 26a containing the gas exhaust port 28a, and liquid outlet or drain 34a, are skewedO In Figures 3 and 4, the adjustment means for position-ing the planar surface 52 w~th respect to the annular deflector 55 includesa plurality of units each comprising a bolt 50 and nut 51, the bolt being received within a sleeve 54 mounted on the deflector 55, wi~h washers 53 positioned between the end of the sleeve and the lower face of planar surface 52.
2. it is possible to design for vertical upward inlet, with the top gas outlet either vertical or horizontalO In this configuration, the gravit~ flow tube from the funnel would need to be sealed into the liquid solid outlet nozzle and not have a gas port. The internals should be different from the downflow design.
Other changes from the original basic design include:
1. Omitting the vertical step below the main flange as noted earlier, if sideways removal of the top housing is not necessary. This also shortens the housing.
2. Extending the adjusting bolts ~item 18) for the planar surface 16 out through the top of the upper housing, to permit adjustment while in operation. Thus, referring to Figure 2, the adjustment bolts 18 are each supported on a threaded flange 18a mounted on inlet 14, with an adjusting nut B 18c on ~ 18, positioned between a washer 18b abutting flange 18a, and a threaded collar 18d mounted on a shoulder on the cover of the unit. This requires the planar surface to be separate from the other internals ~see Figure 2) and the impingement cylinder (item 22) would be attached to the cone (item 24) at 22ca with drainage slots 22b at the base.
3. Extending the inlet pipe ~14) into the top housing so that its clearance above the planar surface gives a much higher velocity than at present. This would limit the adjustment of the planar surface.
4. Install a hollow cone nozzle, e.g. at 3 in spray boom l, in Figures l, 2 and 3, to provide a continuous spray of li~uid. This would _ 4 _ ., -:
:~
~Z25~7 make t~e equipment into a contactor/separator, for such uses as scrubbing, humidifying, desuperlieating.
The contactor-separator can also function as a mist-type chemical reactor; see the patents of Jaydee W. Miller~ 3,717~686, 3,780,130 and 3,91~,615.
The invention is further illustrated by the following detail of an e operative ~ ~ ei~ unit, which was designed to protect a vacuum pump used in the system of United States Patents 4,132,760, issued January 2, 1979, and ~140,748, issued February 20, 1979, from acid entrainment. The gas load through the system ~design) was about 550 lbs/hr. of air, about 650 lbs/hr. CO~, saturated, plus acid entralnment from pondwater. Operating pressure was between 10 and 20 inches of mercury, absolute, temperature was 70 - 105F. The liquid drain was sealed into a hot well by a full vacuum leg.
An entrainment separator, as in Figure 5, for separating liquids from gases was constructed having an overall height of 3 feet, 6-3/8 inches and a diameter of 1 foot, 2 inc~es. The base portion of the housing for the separator was 2 feet, 3,~ inches in height. A removable cover 1 foot, 6 inches high fits on top of the base portion of the housing. The removable cover was fitted with means for securely fastening the cover onto the base ~0 portion of the housing.
An 8 inch cliameter gas-liquid dispersion inlet was provided on top of the removable cover. Below the inlet was a 10 inch in diameter circular planar surface with one side thereof directed toward the inlet.
The planar surface was positioned within the concave cavity created by an annular deflector The annular deflector had an inward slope of 45 and had an opening at the bottom thereof of 9 inches in diameterO The planar sur-face was fitted with three adjustment means each including a bolt and two nuts, to position the planar surface above the annular deflector. By 4~
adjusting the nuts on the bolts, the planar surface could be raised or lowered.
Attached to the bottom side of the planar surEace was a 4 inch diameter tubej appro~imately 6 inches long. The tube was fastened perpen-dicular to the planar surface and extended downward therefrom toward a funnel. The funnel was attached to the tube such that a gap of from about 1/8 to about 1/4 inches was formed between the tube and funnel. The funnel mouth had a 10 inches in diameter opening and narrowed to an outlet and spout of 1-1/2 inches in diameter. The tube extended approximately 2-1/2 inches down into the mouth of the funnel. The funnel had a downward slope of about 45. The spout on the funnel was 9 inches long and the tip of the spout was cut on a 30 bias. The spout was positioned over a 1-1/2 inch diameter outlet~ 4 inches long on the bottom of the separator.
Along the spout of the funnel was a gas port approximately 1/8 to 3/8 inches deep and 3 inches down the spout. Positioned over the gas port was a shield approximately 1 inch long and at a do~nward slope of 45, Across from the gas port was a gas outlet 6 inches in diameter, and approximately 9 inches long at the bottom, centered 13 inches up from the bottom of the separator and extending 6 inches from the side of the housing of the separator ancl extending about 3 inches at the top into the housing.
The plant entrainment separator was not inspected or adjusted after being received from the fabricator and placed in service. The plant was on stream for approximately 70 days. There was no sign of scale or corrosion in the separator.
The vertical step~down fTom the main support flange is a means to lower the bolts below the main flange to allow the top housing to be slid off sideways - a convenience for cleaning access. Access to the securing bolts for the lower funnel is difficult, The bolting lugs should come a little higher above the funnel. The top plate ~'adjustable planar surface"2 ' -, : , S4~7 should be of heavy gauge material so that it ~ill not warp. Spacers should be fitted over the bolts under the planar surface, ln place of the existing nuts, to give uniform adjustment o~ the planar surface. There were no problems with acidity in the vacuum pump seal water~ which this equipment is designed to protect. In normal operation the flow of disengaged liquid ~rom the separator was less than about 2 gallons per ho~r. However, in one instance when thescrubber ahead of the separator was flooded, the flow of disengaged liquid from the separator t~as 12-24 gallons per hour and the vacuum pump remained adequately protected.
To convert this entrainment separator to a contactor-separator a spray-boom can be installed above the adjustable surface (as illustrated in Figure 1), thus permitting washing the gaseous stream with clean water ~or other solvent or re2gent) to further remove soluble materials from the gas.
The subject invention, particularly when utilized as an entrain-ment separator of dèmister, can be used in any process where there is a sufficient availa~le pressure drop (Usually at least about 1/2 psi). That is, it is preferably used where there is a light to moderate vacuum in contrast to very high vacuum. It can also be useful in a pressurized system, and in fact, it can be used at very high pressures (such as are encountered in hydrorefining or hydrogenation of petroleum oils). In general, the apparatus can be used in any process where there is a liquid phase reaction in a vessel where a gas is evolved, or used as a reactant.
For example, it is useful in a process where hydrogen is manufactured, such as, reforming or in the reaction of ores with an acid~ such as digestion of zinc ores with sulfuric acid. It is also useful in fermentation processes, such as in breweries where car~on dioxide is evolved.
A special advantage of t~is invention is that it is to a great B extent self-cleaning or, when cleaning is required, it is much more eaSy to .. . .
l~Z25~7 clean than such devices as the Anderson separator which utilizes a cylinder containing numerous slots which can plug up and require rodding outO
In one instance, in an operation when an entrainment separator of the present invention was placed between a scrubber and a vacuum pump, plastic (polypropylene) packing saddles were dislo~ged from the scrubber and collected on the top of the separator (or demister). This caused a considerable pressure drop in the separator and solids from the packing collected on the top plate. The separator fully protected the vacuum pumpO
l~hen the process was shut down for cleanIng, the packing and collected solids were readily cleaned out.
.
..
5~7 passing down the spout a passage~ay out of the funnel. The gas port allows the gas to pass out of the spout rather than pass through the narrow spout at the same time as the liquid. The gas port provides a pathway of least resistance for gas out of the spoutO The passage of the liquid down the spout is also enhanced by the availability of gas port 28. From gas port 28, the gas can flow directly to the gas outlet 32. Liquid is prevented from flowing out of the gas port by a shield 30 positioned over the gas port. The shield directs the flow of liquid away from the gas port. In the broadest sense, this device is a separator, and with means provided for adding a liquid mist or droplets, e.g. as when a spray boom and nozzle are inserted in the inlet, is a contactor/separator.
Thus, referring to Figure 1, positioned above the adjustable surface 16, and below the inlet 14, is a spray boom 1 which can introduce a spray of liquid droplets or a mist which can provide intimate contact of a wash liquid, ~e.g., water) or a reagent ~e.g , aqueous base to react with acidic gases~ with the fluid entering through the inlet 14.
The spray-head 3 could be directed upward toward the inlet 1 or, as illustrated, toward the adjustable surface 16. It will be noted that the surface washing means 36 are to be distinguished from the means 1 of introducing a spray or mist to the interior of the upper volume of the device, thus permitting efficient contact of the spray or mist with a fluid B stream comprising ~ containing entrained solids and/or liquids.
Many arrangements of the basic design are possible, to fit in with a total system design e.g., 1. vertical (downwards) gas outlet, with the liquid drain and funnel drain skewed ~see Figure 3). Thus, referring to Figure 3, the ~unnel spout o. drain 26a containing the gas exhaust port 28a, and liquid outlet or drain 34a, are skewedO In Figures 3 and 4, the adjustment means for position-ing the planar surface 52 w~th respect to the annular deflector 55 includesa plurality of units each comprising a bolt 50 and nut 51, the bolt being received within a sleeve 54 mounted on the deflector 55, wi~h washers 53 positioned between the end of the sleeve and the lower face of planar surface 52.
2. it is possible to design for vertical upward inlet, with the top gas outlet either vertical or horizontalO In this configuration, the gravit~ flow tube from the funnel would need to be sealed into the liquid solid outlet nozzle and not have a gas port. The internals should be different from the downflow design.
Other changes from the original basic design include:
1. Omitting the vertical step below the main flange as noted earlier, if sideways removal of the top housing is not necessary. This also shortens the housing.
2. Extending the adjusting bolts ~item 18) for the planar surface 16 out through the top of the upper housing, to permit adjustment while in operation. Thus, referring to Figure 2, the adjustment bolts 18 are each supported on a threaded flange 18a mounted on inlet 14, with an adjusting nut B 18c on ~ 18, positioned between a washer 18b abutting flange 18a, and a threaded collar 18d mounted on a shoulder on the cover of the unit. This requires the planar surface to be separate from the other internals ~see Figure 2) and the impingement cylinder (item 22) would be attached to the cone (item 24) at 22ca with drainage slots 22b at the base.
3. Extending the inlet pipe ~14) into the top housing so that its clearance above the planar surface gives a much higher velocity than at present. This would limit the adjustment of the planar surface.
4. Install a hollow cone nozzle, e.g. at 3 in spray boom l, in Figures l, 2 and 3, to provide a continuous spray of li~uid. This would _ 4 _ ., -:
:~
~Z25~7 make t~e equipment into a contactor/separator, for such uses as scrubbing, humidifying, desuperlieating.
The contactor-separator can also function as a mist-type chemical reactor; see the patents of Jaydee W. Miller~ 3,717~686, 3,780,130 and 3,91~,615.
The invention is further illustrated by the following detail of an e operative ~ ~ ei~ unit, which was designed to protect a vacuum pump used in the system of United States Patents 4,132,760, issued January 2, 1979, and ~140,748, issued February 20, 1979, from acid entrainment. The gas load through the system ~design) was about 550 lbs/hr. of air, about 650 lbs/hr. CO~, saturated, plus acid entralnment from pondwater. Operating pressure was between 10 and 20 inches of mercury, absolute, temperature was 70 - 105F. The liquid drain was sealed into a hot well by a full vacuum leg.
An entrainment separator, as in Figure 5, for separating liquids from gases was constructed having an overall height of 3 feet, 6-3/8 inches and a diameter of 1 foot, 2 inc~es. The base portion of the housing for the separator was 2 feet, 3,~ inches in height. A removable cover 1 foot, 6 inches high fits on top of the base portion of the housing. The removable cover was fitted with means for securely fastening the cover onto the base ~0 portion of the housing.
An 8 inch cliameter gas-liquid dispersion inlet was provided on top of the removable cover. Below the inlet was a 10 inch in diameter circular planar surface with one side thereof directed toward the inlet.
The planar surface was positioned within the concave cavity created by an annular deflector The annular deflector had an inward slope of 45 and had an opening at the bottom thereof of 9 inches in diameterO The planar sur-face was fitted with three adjustment means each including a bolt and two nuts, to position the planar surface above the annular deflector. By 4~
adjusting the nuts on the bolts, the planar surface could be raised or lowered.
Attached to the bottom side of the planar surEace was a 4 inch diameter tubej appro~imately 6 inches long. The tube was fastened perpen-dicular to the planar surface and extended downward therefrom toward a funnel. The funnel was attached to the tube such that a gap of from about 1/8 to about 1/4 inches was formed between the tube and funnel. The funnel mouth had a 10 inches in diameter opening and narrowed to an outlet and spout of 1-1/2 inches in diameter. The tube extended approximately 2-1/2 inches down into the mouth of the funnel. The funnel had a downward slope of about 45. The spout on the funnel was 9 inches long and the tip of the spout was cut on a 30 bias. The spout was positioned over a 1-1/2 inch diameter outlet~ 4 inches long on the bottom of the separator.
Along the spout of the funnel was a gas port approximately 1/8 to 3/8 inches deep and 3 inches down the spout. Positioned over the gas port was a shield approximately 1 inch long and at a do~nward slope of 45, Across from the gas port was a gas outlet 6 inches in diameter, and approximately 9 inches long at the bottom, centered 13 inches up from the bottom of the separator and extending 6 inches from the side of the housing of the separator ancl extending about 3 inches at the top into the housing.
The plant entrainment separator was not inspected or adjusted after being received from the fabricator and placed in service. The plant was on stream for approximately 70 days. There was no sign of scale or corrosion in the separator.
The vertical step~down fTom the main support flange is a means to lower the bolts below the main flange to allow the top housing to be slid off sideways - a convenience for cleaning access. Access to the securing bolts for the lower funnel is difficult, The bolting lugs should come a little higher above the funnel. The top plate ~'adjustable planar surface"2 ' -, : , S4~7 should be of heavy gauge material so that it ~ill not warp. Spacers should be fitted over the bolts under the planar surface, ln place of the existing nuts, to give uniform adjustment o~ the planar surface. There were no problems with acidity in the vacuum pump seal water~ which this equipment is designed to protect. In normal operation the flow of disengaged liquid ~rom the separator was less than about 2 gallons per ho~r. However, in one instance when thescrubber ahead of the separator was flooded, the flow of disengaged liquid from the separator t~as 12-24 gallons per hour and the vacuum pump remained adequately protected.
To convert this entrainment separator to a contactor-separator a spray-boom can be installed above the adjustable surface (as illustrated in Figure 1), thus permitting washing the gaseous stream with clean water ~or other solvent or re2gent) to further remove soluble materials from the gas.
The subject invention, particularly when utilized as an entrain-ment separator of dèmister, can be used in any process where there is a sufficient availa~le pressure drop (Usually at least about 1/2 psi). That is, it is preferably used where there is a light to moderate vacuum in contrast to very high vacuum. It can also be useful in a pressurized system, and in fact, it can be used at very high pressures (such as are encountered in hydrorefining or hydrogenation of petroleum oils). In general, the apparatus can be used in any process where there is a liquid phase reaction in a vessel where a gas is evolved, or used as a reactant.
For example, it is useful in a process where hydrogen is manufactured, such as, reforming or in the reaction of ores with an acid~ such as digestion of zinc ores with sulfuric acid. It is also useful in fermentation processes, such as in breweries where car~on dioxide is evolved.
A special advantage of t~is invention is that it is to a great B extent self-cleaning or, when cleaning is required, it is much more eaSy to .. . .
l~Z25~7 clean than such devices as the Anderson separator which utilizes a cylinder containing numerous slots which can plug up and require rodding outO
In one instance, in an operation when an entrainment separator of the present invention was placed between a scrubber and a vacuum pump, plastic (polypropylene) packing saddles were dislo~ged from the scrubber and collected on the top of the separator (or demister). This caused a considerable pressure drop in the separator and solids from the packing collected on the top plate. The separator fully protected the vacuum pumpO
l~hen the process was shut down for cleanIng, the packing and collected solids were readily cleaned out.
Claims (18)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. An entrainment separator for separating liquids from gases and solids from gases comprising: a. a housing providing an inlet at one end, an outlet at the opposed end and an outlet disposed along the side; b. an adjustable surface providing a face facing the inlet and an opposed face;
c. an annular deflector beneath the adjustable surface, attached to the housing and extending inward of the housing and positioned relative to the adjustable surface to provide an opening between the adjustable surface and annular deflector; d. means to adjust the position of the adjustable surface relative to the annular deflector; e. a tube attached to the opposed face of the adjustable surface and extending downward of the inlet; f. a funnel providing a downward extending spout positioned below the tube; and g. means providing flow of liquid in the funnel past the tube and to the spout.
c. an annular deflector beneath the adjustable surface, attached to the housing and extending inward of the housing and positioned relative to the adjustable surface to provide an opening between the adjustable surface and annular deflector; d. means to adjust the position of the adjustable surface relative to the annular deflector; e. a tube attached to the opposed face of the adjustable surface and extending downward of the inlet; f. a funnel providing a downward extending spout positioned below the tube; and g. means providing flow of liquid in the funnel past the tube and to the spout.
2. The entrainment separator of claim 1 wherein the housing has a removable cover providing the inlet.
3. The entrainment separator of claim 1 wherein the funnel is secured to the tube.
4. The entrainment separator of claim 3 wherein the funnel is secured to said tube by adjustable means whereby the gap between the tube and funnel can be adjusted.
5. The entrainment separator of claim 1 wherein the funnel is secured to the housing.
6. The entrainment separator of claim 1 wherein the spout extending downward from the funnel has a lateral gas port thereon and wherein a shield is attached to the funnel and positioned above and in proximity to the gas port.
7. The entrainment separator of claim 1 wherein the annular deflector has a downward and inward slope of from about 15° to about 75°.
8. The entrainment separator of claim 1 wherein the annular deflector has a downward and inward slope of from about 30° to about 60°.
9. The entrainment separator of claim 1 wherein the outlet disposed along the side of the housing extends through the side of the housing extends through the side and into the housing.
10. The entrainment separator of claim 1 wherein washing means are pro-vided for washing material which has collected on internal surfaces of the separator out the outlet at the end of the housing.
11. The entrainment separator of claim 10 wherein the washing means is a sprayer or series of sprayer nozzles.
12. The entrainment separator of claim 1, wherein said adjustable surface is a planar surface.
13. The entrainment separator of claim 2, said housing providing an outwardly extending flange at said one end, said removable cover on said housing being supported by said flange, and including means to secure the cover to said housing, said annular deflector beneath the adjustable surface, adapted to be supported by and secured to said flange, and extending inward and downward of the housing.
14. The entrainment separator of claim 1, said annular deflector being of frusto-conical shape.
15. The entrainment separator of claim 1, said means providing flow of liquid in the funnel past the tube and to the spout, comprising slotted lug members on said tube, cooperating slotted lugs on said funnel, and bolt means clamping said lug members and said lugs to adjust the space between the lower end of said tube and said funnel.
16. The entrainment separator of claim 1, and which also functions as a contactor-separator to further remove entrained liquids, solids and/or soluble or reactive components from said gases, and including means for providing a spray of liquid droplets or a mist to the interior volume above said adjustable surface and below said inlet, whereby a gaseous stream intro-duced through said inlet can be efficiently contacted with said spray or mist.
17. The contactor-separator of claim 16, wherein said means for pro-viding a spray of liquid droplets or a mist, comprises a spray boom
18. A device for separating liquids and/or solids from gases, characterized by: a. a housing having an inlet at one end, a first outlet at the opposite end and a second outlet: b. a surface member providing a face adjacent the inlet of said housing and an opposed face: c. an annular deflector adjacent to said surface member extending inwards of the housing and positioned to provide an opening between the surface member and the annular deflector: d. means for adjusting the position of the surface member relatively to the annular deflector: e. a tube extending away from the opposed face of the surface member: and f. a funnel at least partly surrounding said tube and providing for flow of liquid in the funnel past the tube and to a spout.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US90989578A | 1978-05-26 | 1978-05-26 | |
| US909,895 | 1978-05-26 | ||
| US909,898 | 1978-05-26 | ||
| US05/909,898 US4164398A (en) | 1978-05-26 | 1978-05-26 | Entrainment separator |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1122547A true CA1122547A (en) | 1982-04-27 |
Family
ID=27129544
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA328,337A Expired CA1122547A (en) | 1978-05-26 | 1979-05-25 | Entrainment separator and gas-liquid contactor |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS55500376A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7903274A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1122547A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2952800A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2426491A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2036589B (en) |
| MA (1) | MA18455A1 (en) |
| SU (1) | SU963448A3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1979001130A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3156114B1 (en) * | 2015-10-14 | 2018-04-04 | Alfdex AB | A separator arrangement for cleaning gas |
| GB2574248B (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2021-03-03 | Edwards Ltd | Foreline for a vacuum pump |
| FR3102680B1 (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2021-11-12 | Pfeiffer Vacuum | Trap for vacuum line, installation and use |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE324660C (en) * | 1918-12-24 | 1920-09-02 | Gerard Ulrici | Device for cleaning gases |
| US1446272A (en) * | 1921-07-16 | 1923-02-20 | William B Prouty | Cascade dust trap |
| DE673015C (en) * | 1934-07-15 | 1940-04-29 | Serge Ziegler | Device for separating oil from gases or vapors |
| US2467346A (en) * | 1947-06-06 | 1949-04-12 | Trubenbach Walter | Air cleaning apparatus |
| FR1053943A (en) * | 1951-08-22 | 1954-02-05 | Anciens Ets Brissonneau & Lotz | Separator of a gaseous fluid and a liquid |
| US3113168A (en) * | 1957-07-02 | 1963-12-03 | Kinney Eng Inc S P | Furnace gas cleaning and cooling apparatus |
| BE685365A (en) * | 1965-08-14 | 1967-01-16 | ||
| US3317197A (en) * | 1966-06-22 | 1967-05-02 | Chemical Construction Corp | Stack mounted scrubber |
| BE755434A (en) * | 1969-09-02 | 1971-03-01 | Carborundum Co | WASHER SYSTEM |
| US3699748A (en) * | 1969-10-24 | 1972-10-24 | American Radiator & Standard | Wet scrubber dust collector |
| US3750375A (en) * | 1971-05-25 | 1973-08-07 | Koppers Co Inc | Hydraulic venturi |
| US4057602A (en) * | 1972-03-09 | 1977-11-08 | Kolm Ernest L | Venturi scrubber |
| US3802161A (en) * | 1972-07-31 | 1974-04-09 | N Talbert | Humidifier |
| US3877488A (en) * | 1973-01-02 | 1975-04-15 | Dorr Oliver Inc | Venturi scrubber expansion joint |
| US4015957A (en) * | 1974-03-29 | 1977-04-05 | Grantham Frederick W | Extractor for airborne particulate matter |
-
1979
- 1979-05-23 GB GB8000555A patent/GB2036589B/en not_active Expired
- 1979-05-23 JP JP50093079A patent/JPS55500376A/ja active Pending
- 1979-05-23 DE DE792952800A patent/DE2952800A1/en active Pending
- 1979-05-23 WO PCT/US1979/000350 patent/WO1979001130A1/en unknown
- 1979-05-25 FR FR7913393A patent/FR2426491A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1979-05-25 BR BR7903274A patent/BR7903274A/en unknown
- 1979-05-25 MA MA18649A patent/MA18455A1/en unknown
- 1979-05-25 CA CA328,337A patent/CA1122547A/en not_active Expired
-
1980
- 1980-01-25 SU SU802877809A patent/SU963448A3/en active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2426491A1 (en) | 1979-12-21 |
| GB2036589A (en) | 1980-07-02 |
| JPS55500376A (en) | 1980-06-26 |
| SU963448A3 (en) | 1982-09-30 |
| DE2952800A1 (en) | 1981-01-08 |
| MA18455A1 (en) | 1979-12-31 |
| GB2036589B (en) | 1982-08-25 |
| WO1979001130A1 (en) | 1979-12-27 |
| BR7903274A (en) | 1979-12-11 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKEX | Expiry |