CA1120904A - Endoscope - Google Patents
EndoscopeInfo
- Publication number
- CA1120904A CA1120904A CA000332179A CA332179A CA1120904A CA 1120904 A CA1120904 A CA 1120904A CA 000332179 A CA000332179 A CA 000332179A CA 332179 A CA332179 A CA 332179A CA 1120904 A CA1120904 A CA 1120904A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- image
- combination according
- conducting
- intensity
- illuminating means
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/04—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances
- A61B1/042—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances characterised by a proximal camera, e.g. a CCD camera
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
- G02B23/24—Instruments or systems for viewing the inside of hollow bodies, e.g. fibrescopes
- G02B23/26—Instruments or systems for viewing the inside of hollow bodies, e.g. fibrescopes using light guides
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Endoscopes (AREA)
- Instruments For Viewing The Inside Of Hollow Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
ENDOSCOPE
BWP/sam ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A fiber optic endoscope operable under low level object illumination by incorporation of proximal image intensification. The space requirement for object illuminating fibers being so reduced permits an increase in image carrying bundle size and/or enlargement or the addition of medical channelling.
BWP/sam ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A fiber optic endoscope operable under low level object illumination by incorporation of proximal image intensification. The space requirement for object illuminating fibers being so reduced permits an increase in image carrying bundle size and/or enlargement or the addition of medical channelling.
Description
9~1~
ENDOSCOPE
BACKGROUND OF THE INVEN~ION
Field of the Invention:
Fiber optic instruments with particular reference to medical endoscopes.
Discussion of the Prior Art:
In medical endoscopes, as well as in their industrial counterparts, space within the flexible probe is at a premium due to the various functions which must be accommodated, e~g. image transfer, illumination OI the object, articulation, biopsy channelling etc. Each of these features is essential to the operation of the instrument and the space given over to each one involves a trade-off in the desired performance.
Accordingly, a principle object o this invention is to reduce the space requirement for one function to allow more space for the others, e.g. to reduce the space requirement for illumination of the object in favor of a larger diameter image carrying bundle to provide better image quality or improvements in articulation mechanisms and~or incorporation of larger or added medical channelling for greater object accessibility.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description.
SU~1~ARY OF THE INVENTION
The foregoing object and its corollaries are accomplished in the structure of an endoscope by provicing ~.
'`
~ ~ z~)4 an unusually small illuminating iber kundle, e.g. a single fiber or two, and pro~imally intensi-Eying the light of the transmitted image. Image magniication with a fiber optic taper as well as intensification is contemplated.
Since the area ordinarily given over to illuminating fibers is nearly equal to the image carryin~ bundle size, e.g.
as in U. S. Patents Nos. 3,091,235; 3,902,880 and 3,913,56~, the present invention permits the area (cross-sectional size) of the image carrying bundle to be approximately douhled with 1~ a corresponding increase in image quality. The single or small multiple fiber used for illumination of the object may be made of fused silica to permit transmission of ultraviolet light for ~lourescence studies in either medical or industrial application. Intense arc lamps, lasers or U.V. sources may be safely usecl since very little total enercsy can be trans-mitted to the object (e.g. tissues) under examination.
Thus, the present invention i5 generally defined as an improvement in an endoscope having a proximal main body and flexible probe extending rom the main body with flexible image-conducting and ohject-illuminating means both in the probe, the improvement comprising the combination of: the image-conducting means comprising a crreat multip~icity of juxtapositioned light-conducting fibers affording image-receiving and image-emitting opposite faces of substanti.al diametral sizes; the illuminating means comprising a consider-ably less number of optical fibers than used to make up the image-conducting means for minimizing the space occupied by the illuminating means in the probe but affording a corresponding reduction in intensity of il~umination of objects hy the dm~
`
~L~211390~
illuminating means; and proximal image intensification means in the main body for receiving images from the image-emitting face of the conducting means and displaying the images for viewing with an intensity increase at least partially compensating for the reduction of intensity of illumination of the object.
Details of the invention will become more readily apparent from the accompanying drawings.
IN THE DRAWIN~,S
Fig. 1 is a schematic, partially cross-sectioned illustration of a preferred embodiment of the invention and Pig. 2 is an enlarged view of the endoscope of Fig. 1 taken along line 2-2.
, ~''.' dm~ 3a-~, : . . . , :::
~ )90~
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to the drawings, endoscope 10 includes a proximal main body section 12 and flexible probe 14 each encased within respectively preferably rigid and flexible supports, i.e. sheathings 16 and 18 sho~n schematically with dot-dash outline.
Supports }6 and 18 are contemplated as being of any conventional form. U. S. Patents Nos. 3,091,235;
3,698,099 and 3,913,568 are exemplary~ Sheathing 18, - in particular, may also include means for articulating the distal end of probe 14 which means may comprise the arrangement illustrated in U. S. Patent No. 3,913,568 or that of either of U. S. Patents Mos.
3,091,235 and 3,162,214. In view of~the invention being applicable to any of the known forms of medical endoscopes and their industrial counterparts, details of these instxuments will be omitted.
Referring to the particularities of the present invention which has an objective of providing very small illuminating fiber means to permit the image carrying bundle to be greatly enlarged and/or medical channelling increased in number or size, the scheme OI
the invention which is diagrammatically illustrated in the drawings is as follows:
By reduction of the usual great number of illuminztins fibers to one or two fibers 20 as illustrated, there is ,.............................................. .
,, ~.
provided a correspondingly larger free space 22 within sheath 18 of probe 14. This then becomes available for enhancement of the performance of other functions of the endoscope, e.g. enlarging its image-conducting fiber bundle 24l enlarging a biopsy channel 26 or the addition of other channelling, e.g. medical catheters and the like. For example, assuming that the illuminating fibers 20 (Fig. 2) would normally occupy approximately the cross-sectional area of image-connecting bundle 24, the saving of space within sheath 18 by incorporation of only the two fibers 20 for the above-mentioned purposes is readily apparent. While the schematic llustrations of Figs. 1 and 2 show much unused space -22, it is to be understood that it is this space afforded by the reduction in number and/or size of illuminating fibers that is made available for aforesaid improvement of other functions of the endoscope.
Fibers 20 may be formed of glass or fused silica, the latter permitting transmission of ultraviolet light for fluorescence studies in either medical or industrial applications. Illumination from source 28 may be in any deslred form including that produced by intense arc lamps, lasers or high energy U. V. sources sa~ely used accordlng to the present invention since very little total energy would be transmitted distally to tissues in medical applications, for example.
In view of there being an obvious loss of object illumination by reduction from the usual large number /~ ;
: ,, ,,.~ : , .. I . - .~ ~ ~ .. . :
090~
of illuminating fibers to the aforesaid one or two fibers 20, it is contemplated that this loss be co~?ensate~
for with incorporation of an image intensifier 30 at the proximal end of endoscope 10. The illust--ated image intensifier 30 is of the fiber optic proximity focused type, details of which can be had by reference to U. S. Patents Nos. 3,141,105; 3,321,658 and 3,436,.l~2.
With an object 32 illuminated by ibers 20 and imaged by objective lenses 34 upon end 36 of riber bundle 24, the image may be transferred from bundle 24 into fiber optic taper 38 for enlargement prior to intensification by image intensifier 30 and viewîng upon face 40 of intensifier 30 with eyepiece lens means 42. Those interested in details of fiber optic tapers Tnay refer to U. S. Patents Nos. 2,992,516; 2,992,587 and 3,187,627.
An exemplary specific configuration of the system shown in Figs~ 1 and 2 may include a fiber optic ta?er (bundle) 38 adaptable to enlarging an image carried by bundle 24 by a factor of four. The flexible bundle 24 may have an active dlameter of approximately 3 mm so that the enlarged diameter is approximately 12 mm with image intensifier 30 having an active aperture of this latter diameter. With a singl,e fiber siæe for f lexible bundle 24 being 15 microns ~corresponding to a resolving power of about 40 line pairs per millimeter), an en-largement of 4X will reduce the resolution requiremen~
at intensifier 3a to la line pairs per millimeter which can be readily conventionally transmitted.
, '112C)90~ l !
Witl. the aforesaid output image diameter of approximately 12 mm, an eyepiece magnification of approximately 5X will meet normal viewing requirements.
It should be understood, however, that the in~ensified image output at face 40 may be directly coupled to a television camera or other such means for display on a monitor (screen).
Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various other modifications and adaptations of the precise forms of the invention here shown may be made to suit particular requirements. It is accordingly intended that all modifications which incorporate the novel concept disclosed are to be construed as coming - within the scope of the claims or the range of equiv-lS ale~_y to wbich they are e~tltled.
:
.
~ .
.. . .
.
:.-: ~ ~ . ..
.
, :
ENDOSCOPE
BACKGROUND OF THE INVEN~ION
Field of the Invention:
Fiber optic instruments with particular reference to medical endoscopes.
Discussion of the Prior Art:
In medical endoscopes, as well as in their industrial counterparts, space within the flexible probe is at a premium due to the various functions which must be accommodated, e~g. image transfer, illumination OI the object, articulation, biopsy channelling etc. Each of these features is essential to the operation of the instrument and the space given over to each one involves a trade-off in the desired performance.
Accordingly, a principle object o this invention is to reduce the space requirement for one function to allow more space for the others, e.g. to reduce the space requirement for illumination of the object in favor of a larger diameter image carrying bundle to provide better image quality or improvements in articulation mechanisms and~or incorporation of larger or added medical channelling for greater object accessibility.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description.
SU~1~ARY OF THE INVENTION
The foregoing object and its corollaries are accomplished in the structure of an endoscope by provicing ~.
'`
~ ~ z~)4 an unusually small illuminating iber kundle, e.g. a single fiber or two, and pro~imally intensi-Eying the light of the transmitted image. Image magniication with a fiber optic taper as well as intensification is contemplated.
Since the area ordinarily given over to illuminating fibers is nearly equal to the image carryin~ bundle size, e.g.
as in U. S. Patents Nos. 3,091,235; 3,902,880 and 3,913,56~, the present invention permits the area (cross-sectional size) of the image carrying bundle to be approximately douhled with 1~ a corresponding increase in image quality. The single or small multiple fiber used for illumination of the object may be made of fused silica to permit transmission of ultraviolet light for ~lourescence studies in either medical or industrial application. Intense arc lamps, lasers or U.V. sources may be safely usecl since very little total enercsy can be trans-mitted to the object (e.g. tissues) under examination.
Thus, the present invention i5 generally defined as an improvement in an endoscope having a proximal main body and flexible probe extending rom the main body with flexible image-conducting and ohject-illuminating means both in the probe, the improvement comprising the combination of: the image-conducting means comprising a crreat multip~icity of juxtapositioned light-conducting fibers affording image-receiving and image-emitting opposite faces of substanti.al diametral sizes; the illuminating means comprising a consider-ably less number of optical fibers than used to make up the image-conducting means for minimizing the space occupied by the illuminating means in the probe but affording a corresponding reduction in intensity of il~umination of objects hy the dm~
`
~L~211390~
illuminating means; and proximal image intensification means in the main body for receiving images from the image-emitting face of the conducting means and displaying the images for viewing with an intensity increase at least partially compensating for the reduction of intensity of illumination of the object.
Details of the invention will become more readily apparent from the accompanying drawings.
IN THE DRAWIN~,S
Fig. 1 is a schematic, partially cross-sectioned illustration of a preferred embodiment of the invention and Pig. 2 is an enlarged view of the endoscope of Fig. 1 taken along line 2-2.
, ~''.' dm~ 3a-~, : . . . , :::
~ )90~
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to the drawings, endoscope 10 includes a proximal main body section 12 and flexible probe 14 each encased within respectively preferably rigid and flexible supports, i.e. sheathings 16 and 18 sho~n schematically with dot-dash outline.
Supports }6 and 18 are contemplated as being of any conventional form. U. S. Patents Nos. 3,091,235;
3,698,099 and 3,913,568 are exemplary~ Sheathing 18, - in particular, may also include means for articulating the distal end of probe 14 which means may comprise the arrangement illustrated in U. S. Patent No. 3,913,568 or that of either of U. S. Patents Mos.
3,091,235 and 3,162,214. In view of~the invention being applicable to any of the known forms of medical endoscopes and their industrial counterparts, details of these instxuments will be omitted.
Referring to the particularities of the present invention which has an objective of providing very small illuminating fiber means to permit the image carrying bundle to be greatly enlarged and/or medical channelling increased in number or size, the scheme OI
the invention which is diagrammatically illustrated in the drawings is as follows:
By reduction of the usual great number of illuminztins fibers to one or two fibers 20 as illustrated, there is ,.............................................. .
,, ~.
provided a correspondingly larger free space 22 within sheath 18 of probe 14. This then becomes available for enhancement of the performance of other functions of the endoscope, e.g. enlarging its image-conducting fiber bundle 24l enlarging a biopsy channel 26 or the addition of other channelling, e.g. medical catheters and the like. For example, assuming that the illuminating fibers 20 (Fig. 2) would normally occupy approximately the cross-sectional area of image-connecting bundle 24, the saving of space within sheath 18 by incorporation of only the two fibers 20 for the above-mentioned purposes is readily apparent. While the schematic llustrations of Figs. 1 and 2 show much unused space -22, it is to be understood that it is this space afforded by the reduction in number and/or size of illuminating fibers that is made available for aforesaid improvement of other functions of the endoscope.
Fibers 20 may be formed of glass or fused silica, the latter permitting transmission of ultraviolet light for fluorescence studies in either medical or industrial applications. Illumination from source 28 may be in any deslred form including that produced by intense arc lamps, lasers or high energy U. V. sources sa~ely used accordlng to the present invention since very little total energy would be transmitted distally to tissues in medical applications, for example.
In view of there being an obvious loss of object illumination by reduction from the usual large number /~ ;
: ,, ,,.~ : , .. I . - .~ ~ ~ .. . :
090~
of illuminating fibers to the aforesaid one or two fibers 20, it is contemplated that this loss be co~?ensate~
for with incorporation of an image intensifier 30 at the proximal end of endoscope 10. The illust--ated image intensifier 30 is of the fiber optic proximity focused type, details of which can be had by reference to U. S. Patents Nos. 3,141,105; 3,321,658 and 3,436,.l~2.
With an object 32 illuminated by ibers 20 and imaged by objective lenses 34 upon end 36 of riber bundle 24, the image may be transferred from bundle 24 into fiber optic taper 38 for enlargement prior to intensification by image intensifier 30 and viewîng upon face 40 of intensifier 30 with eyepiece lens means 42. Those interested in details of fiber optic tapers Tnay refer to U. S. Patents Nos. 2,992,516; 2,992,587 and 3,187,627.
An exemplary specific configuration of the system shown in Figs~ 1 and 2 may include a fiber optic ta?er (bundle) 38 adaptable to enlarging an image carried by bundle 24 by a factor of four. The flexible bundle 24 may have an active dlameter of approximately 3 mm so that the enlarged diameter is approximately 12 mm with image intensifier 30 having an active aperture of this latter diameter. With a singl,e fiber siæe for f lexible bundle 24 being 15 microns ~corresponding to a resolving power of about 40 line pairs per millimeter), an en-largement of 4X will reduce the resolution requiremen~
at intensifier 3a to la line pairs per millimeter which can be readily conventionally transmitted.
, '112C)90~ l !
Witl. the aforesaid output image diameter of approximately 12 mm, an eyepiece magnification of approximately 5X will meet normal viewing requirements.
It should be understood, however, that the in~ensified image output at face 40 may be directly coupled to a television camera or other such means for display on a monitor (screen).
Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various other modifications and adaptations of the precise forms of the invention here shown may be made to suit particular requirements. It is accordingly intended that all modifications which incorporate the novel concept disclosed are to be construed as coming - within the scope of the claims or the range of equiv-lS ale~_y to wbich they are e~tltled.
:
.
~ .
.. . .
.
:.-: ~ ~ . ..
.
, :
Claims (10)
1. In an endoscope having a proximal main body and flexible probe extending from said main body with flexible image-conducting and object-illuminating means both in said probe, the improvement comprising the combination of:
said image-conducting means comprising a great multiplicity of juxtapositioned light-conducting fibers affording image-receiving and image-emitting opposite faces of substantial diametral sizes;
said illuminating means comprising a considerably less number of optical fibers than used to make up said image-conducting means for minimizing the space occupied by said illuminating means in said probe but affording a corresponding reduction in intensity of illumination of objects by said illuminating means; and proximal image intensification means in said main body for receiving images from said image-emitting face of said conducting means and displaying said images for viewing with an intensity increase at least partially compensating for said reduction of intensity of illu-mination of said object.
said image-conducting means comprising a great multiplicity of juxtapositioned light-conducting fibers affording image-receiving and image-emitting opposite faces of substantial diametral sizes;
said illuminating means comprising a considerably less number of optical fibers than used to make up said image-conducting means for minimizing the space occupied by said illuminating means in said probe but affording a corresponding reduction in intensity of illumination of objects by said illuminating means; and proximal image intensification means in said main body for receiving images from said image-emitting face of said conducting means and displaying said images for viewing with an intensity increase at least partially compensating for said reduction of intensity of illu-mination of said object.
2. The combination according to Claim 1 wherein said illuminating means comprises a pair of light-conducting fibers.
3. The combination according to Claim 1 wherein said illuminating means comprises a singe fiber.
4. The combination according to Claim 1 including image magnifying means between said image-emitting face of said image-conducting means and said image intensi-fication means.
5. The combination according to Claim 4 wherein said illuminating means comprises a pair of light-conducting fibers.
6. The combination according to Claim 4 wherein said illuminating means comprises a single fiber.
7. The combination according to Claim 1 wherein said reduction of intensity of illumination of said object is fully compensated for by said image intensity increase.
8. The combination according to Claim 1 wherein said reduction of intensity of illumination of said object is overly compensated for by said image intensity increase.
9. The combination according to Claim 1 including medical channelling in said probe.
10. The combination according to Claim 4 further including medical channelling in said probe.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US95823878A | 1978-11-06 | 1978-11-06 | |
| US958,238 | 1978-11-06 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1120904A true CA1120904A (en) | 1982-03-30 |
Family
ID=25500764
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000332179A Expired CA1120904A (en) | 1978-11-06 | 1979-07-19 | Endoscope |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5564208A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1120904A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2944306A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2440183A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2034916B (en) |
| HK (1) | HK18485A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7906056A (en) |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5754917A (en) * | 1980-09-20 | 1982-04-01 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Processing equipment of image fiber transmission image |
| JPS57185827A (en) * | 1981-05-11 | 1982-11-16 | Olympus Optical Co | Endoscope |
| JPS57185834A (en) * | 1981-05-11 | 1982-11-16 | Olympus Optical Co | Endoscope |
| US4707075A (en) * | 1984-07-31 | 1987-11-17 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Very-low-temperature fiberscope |
| GB2193310A (en) * | 1986-08-01 | 1988-02-03 | Boc Group Plc | Pressure sensor |
| JP2862099B2 (en) * | 1990-10-12 | 1999-02-24 | 旭光学工業株式会社 | Early cancer diagnostic device |
| EP0554643A1 (en) * | 1992-02-05 | 1993-08-11 | Istituto Nazionale Di Ottica | High-sensitivity system for examining an object using a low intensity light source |
| CA2094633A1 (en) * | 1992-06-01 | 1993-12-02 | John Bradley Clayton | Endoscope with internal light source |
| IL103290A (en) * | 1992-09-25 | 1996-06-18 | Ben Nun Joshua | Ophthalmologic examination and/or treatment apparatus |
| DE29620824U1 (en) * | 1996-11-30 | 1997-03-06 | Olympus Winter & Ibe Gmbh, 22045 Hamburg | Optics for endoscopic hollow shaft devices |
| US6351663B1 (en) | 1999-09-10 | 2002-02-26 | Akorn, Inc. | Methods for diagnosing and treating conditions associated with abnormal vasculature using fluorescent dye angiography and dye-enhanced photocoagulation |
| US6944493B2 (en) | 1999-09-10 | 2005-09-13 | Akora, Inc. | Indocyanine green (ICG) compositions and related methods of use |
| US6443976B1 (en) | 1999-11-30 | 2002-09-03 | Akorn, Inc. | Methods for treating conditions and illnesses associated with abnormal vasculature |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3740115A (en) * | 1971-09-02 | 1973-06-19 | Optical Corp | Fiberscope viewing system with dynamic image enhancer |
| JPS4917182U (en) * | 1972-05-16 | 1974-02-13 | ||
| FR2428075A1 (en) * | 1978-06-08 | 1980-01-04 | Pasteur Institut | PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PROTEINS BY EXPRESSION OF THE CORRESPONDING GENES IN BACTERIA AND VECTORS LIKELY TO BE USED IN SUCH METHODS |
-
1979
- 1979-07-19 CA CA000332179A patent/CA1120904A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-08-08 NL NL7906056A patent/NL7906056A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1979-09-06 GB GB7930877A patent/GB2034916B/en not_active Expired
- 1979-09-06 JP JP11361479A patent/JPS5564208A/en active Pending
- 1979-10-31 FR FR7926968A patent/FR2440183A1/en active Granted
- 1979-11-02 DE DE19792944306 patent/DE2944306A1/en active Granted
-
1985
- 1985-03-14 HK HK18485A patent/HK18485A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2944306A1 (en) | 1980-05-14 |
| NL7906056A (en) | 1980-05-08 |
| FR2440183B3 (en) | 1981-08-14 |
| DE2944306C2 (en) | 1988-04-21 |
| JPS5564208A (en) | 1980-05-14 |
| GB2034916B (en) | 1983-02-09 |
| HK18485A (en) | 1985-03-22 |
| FR2440183A1 (en) | 1980-05-30 |
| GB2034916A (en) | 1980-06-11 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |