CA1116010A - Shelf stable dessert product and method for manufacture thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

SHELF STABLE DESSERT PRODUCT AND METHOD
FOR MANUFACTURE THEREOF
ABSTRACT

A shelf stable fluid dessert product which has a reversible gel structure at refrigerator temperatures.
The dessert product is made by a method wherein a homo-geneous, aqueous mixture of a gel-forming gum, starch, sweetner agent, and a proteinaceous source is provided.
The fat content of the mixture is adjusted. The mixture is homogenized after the addition of any fact source other than cream cheese or cream. The mixture is heated to a temperature and for a time sufficient to pasteurize the mixture. The pH of the mixture is adjusted to below about 4.6 and the mixture is cooled to ambient temperature whereby a thixotropic dessert product is provided which is pourable at ambient temperature and is gelled at re-frigerator temperatures.

Description

SHELF STABLE D~SSERT PRODUCT AND METIIOD
FOR ~NUF~CTURE THEREOF

l'he present invention relates generally to a shelf stable fluid dessert product which has a reversi-ble gel structure at refrigeration temperature. More particularly, the present invention relates to a dessert product for preparing a cheese cake type dessert wherein the dessert product is a thixotropic fluid mixture which is pourable at ambient temperature and which can be gelled at refrigeration temperature.
Cheese cake is a dessert item which is conven-tionally prepared using a soft, uncured cheese, such as cream cheese, baker's cheese or cottage cheese as the basis for a filling. The cheese is usually combined with other cake ingredients such as flour, butter or vegetable shortening, eggs, sugar and vanilla or other flavorings and is filled into a shell. The filled shell is then baked to provide the final cheese cake product. Cheese cake desserts which do not require baking are also known. These usually rely upon a com-~;~ bination of gelatin and whipped egg whites or whipped cream to provide a rigid structure at refrigeration temperatures. Such non-bake cheese cakes are not reversible to provide a pourable mixture at room temper-ature and these cheese cakes are not shelf stable at ambient temperature.
Various dry mixes have been proposed which can ~ 2-be reconstituted with water to provide a cheese cake type dessert. One such dry mix is disclosed in United States Patent No. 3,455,698 to Vakaleris. The Vakaleris patent disclosed a dry food mix which is reconstitutable as a cheese cake filling. ~he dry mix contains a major portion of an acid coagulable protein source, sugarr flour, cornstarch and an acidogen which is hydrolyr~ahle in water to release an edible acid. After reconstitu-tion with water, the acidogen reacts to release an acid and to coagulate the protein after a batter is prepared from the dry mix. The batter is then baked to provide a traditional type cheese ca]ce product.
Inasmuch as the cheese which provides the base for the cheese cake filling is a perishable food item, the householder normally procures the cheese shortly be-fore preparation of the cheese cake. The dry mixes, such as proposed in the Vakaleris patent, were designed in an effort to permit the householder to prepare cheese cake at any time and without advance preparation, except ~or the addition of household staples, such as eggs, milk, butter or margarine. Heretofore, no product has been offered to the householder which is immediately ready to be placed into a filling to provide a cheese cake type dessert and which can be stored at ambient temperatures until required for use.
The product of the present invention is a novel mixture of components required to provide a cheese cake - which is fluid and pourable at ambient temperature hut which sets to a gel at refrigeration temperature and is reversible between the gel form and the pourable form.
The dessert product of the present invention is th~Dtropic and can be made fluid even at refrigeration temperatures by stirring or agitation.
Accordingly, it is a principal object of the present invention to provide a shelf stable dessert prod-uct which is pourable at ambient temperature and which sets to a gel at refrigeration temperatureO
It is another object of the present invention to provide a shelf stable dessert product for use as a cheese cake filling which is complete and can be placed directly into a mold or shell and which can be refrig-erated to provide a gel structure.
It is a further objec~ of the present invention to provide a thixotropic dessert product utilizable as a cheese cake filliny which has a reversible gel structuxe at refrigeration temperatures.
It is a still further object of the present in-vention to provide a dessert product which is ready to use as a cheese cake filling and which is shelf stable at ambient temperatures for extended periods of time.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent in the following de-tailed description and the accompanying claims.
Generally, in accordance with the present in-vention, a shelf stable dessert product which has arever-sible gel structure at refrigera~ion temperatures is pre~pared by a method including the following steps:
A homogeneous, aqueous mixture of a particular gel-forming gum, a sweetening agent, starch and a pro teinaceous source is prepared. The proteinaceous source is selected from the group consisting of cream cheese, Neufchatel cheese r cottage cheese, casein, an edible caseinate salt and an edible soy proteinate salt. The fat content of the aqueous mixture is adjusted to within the range of from about 15 to about 25 percent fat by selection of proteinaceous source or by the addition of a suitable fat source. The mixture is then heated to a temperature and or a time sufficient to pasteurize the mixture. The pH of the mixture is adjusted to belo~
about 4.6 and the mixture is cooled to ambient tempera-ture. At ambient temperature, a thixotropic dessertproduct is provided which is shelf stable, which is , . . ( : . . . . .
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pourable at ambient temperature and which is gelled at refrigeration temperature. By "refrigeration tempera-tures"is meant the temperature usually encountered in a household refrigerator of from about 2C to abou-~ 10C.
Whi]e not wishing to be bound by any th~ory, it is ~elieved that the interact.ion of the gel-forming gum~ the starch, the sweetening agent and the prokein-aceous source at the particular levels of use for each component during the heating step o f the present in-ven~ion provides a gel matrix which is reversible and which is thixotropic. A synergistic effect occurs which is believed to be the result of the choice of the particular ingredients of the mixture and the level of use of the ingredients in the finished product. The gel matrix a~ ambient temperature is semi-fluid but pours readily after slight agitation. The final form of the product when refrigerated has a soft pleasing mouth feel without the characteristic rubbery texture associated with gel-forming gums, such as gelatin.
20 _ The gel-forming gums useful in the present in-vention have utility in the preparation of the dessert product of the invention apart from their function of - contributing to the gel matrix of the dessert product.
The gel-forming gums also serve to improve the texture and eating qualities of the dessert product. The gel-forming gums are used in the formulation of the present invention in an amount ranging from about 0.4 percent to about 0.7 percent, preferably at a level ranging from about 0.45 percent to about 0.55 percent.
A~ used herein, all percentayes are by weight and all temp~ratures are C, unless specifically in-dicated otherwise.
The gel forming gums useful in the present in-vention are desirably selected from gelatin and mixtures of xanthan gum and locust bean (carob) gum. The mixh~es - of xanthan gum and locust ~ean gum have from about 60 to --- . : . , . : ; :

about 95 percent Y.anthan gum and have about 5 to about 40 percent locust bean gum. Particularly preferred is pig or calf gelatin with a Bloom strength of 150-250.
It should be recognized that, while other gums have the ability to form hard gels, which are defined as a rigid structure that does not flow r such gums are not suitable for use in the dessert product of the invention. Some gums, such as tragacanth, form thick heavy pastes at high concentrations that are sometimes called yels, but are not true gels. Other gums, such as furcellaran, form gels but are degraded when heated under acidic conditions as are used in the process of the present invention.
Other gums, such as agar, form yels but have extreme hysteris lag which is the ability to gel at temperatures much lower than the gel-melting temperature. ~inor amounts of such other gums may be used in combination with gelatin on the xanthan/locust bean gum mixture to provide slightly altered properties but such use is re-stricted to less than about 25 percent of the total gum present~
The starch usea in the dessert product of the invention can be any food starch in its native or modi-fied form. Native starches are produced by extraction from the seeds~ of plants such as corn, wheat, sorghum or rice; the tubers, or roots of plants, like cassaba ~tapioca), potato or arrowroot; and the pith of the sago palm. Particularly preferred is cornstarch because of ~he co~nercial availability of cornstarch. The starch can be either pre-gelatinized or non-gelatinized. If 3~ the starch is non-gelatinized, the heating step of the invention must be sufficient to effect gelatinization during the preparation of the dessert product9 The use of pre-gelatinized starch is preferred to insure gela-tinization oE starch in the dessert product. A particularly preferred starch for use in the present invention is pre-gelantinized waxy maize starch~ -It is known that food starch has gelling .. "
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:' ' ' properties, however, it should be understood that thestarch is used in the dessert product of the present invention primarily as a stabiliæer for the fatty emulsion which is present in the dessert product and not for contribution to the gel structure except as it interacts with the gel-~orming gum. It is well known that gelled foods prepared from starch have syneresis problems during storage and there is no syneresis problem with the dessert product of the invention. The starch is present in the dessert product at a level of from about ,4 to about 2 percentl preferably from about .S to about 1 percent. ~his level of use is much lower than normally used for starch paste emul-sion products, such as salad dressing.
The proteinaceous source is selected from the group consisting of cream cheese, Neufchatel cheese, cottage cheese, an edible caseinate salt, casein and an edible soy proteinate salt. The proteinaceous source is present at a level sufficient to provide from about 2 to about 7 percent protein in the dessert product. The preferred protein source is cream cheese and Neufchatel cheese.
The dessert product of the invention desirably has a fat content of from about 15 to about 25 percent~
It is preferred to use cream cheese as the protein-aceous source in the dessert product of the present in~
vention. Cream cheese contains from about 30 to about 40 percent butker~at and when used at the desired level for the proteinaceous svurce the fat of the cream cheese .; : : :: .: :

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supplies all or most of the fat necessary for the dessert product. When any of the other proteinaceous sources are used, it is necessary to provide an additional source of fat. The fat is preferably selected from butterfat, cream, butter oil, coconut oil and partially hydro-genated vegetable oils ha~ing an IV o~ from about 75 to about 100.
When a fat source other than cream cheese or Neufchatel cheese is used in the dessert product o the present invention, it is desirable to homogenize an aqueous mixture containing the protein source and the at source prior to the final heating step to provide a fatty emulsion. Either single stage or double sta~e homogenization can be used at pressures of from about 250 psig to about 5000 psig.
It is desirable to limit the level of lactose in the dessert product to less than about 3 percent so as to prevent the formation of lactose crystals or a Maillard reaction during storage of the dessert product.
Accordingly, the proteinaceous source is selected from the indicated group so as to provide less than about 3 percent lactose in the final dessert product.
It is also desirable to have at least some edible caseinate salt in the dessert product. In a pre-ferred embodiment of the present invention, sodium casei-nate is present in the dessert product at a level of from about .5 to about 3 percent without regard to any other proteinaceous source present in the dessert product.
The presence of sodium caseinate aids in water binding and in the cold set properties of the dessert product.
The sweetening agent is preferably a natural sweetening agent, such as sucrose or dextrose. Natural sweetening agents are used at a level of from about 10 to about 25 percent. Artificial sweeteners, such as saccharin, can be used to replace a ma~imum of about half of the natural sweetening agents.

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A homogeneous, aqueous mixture of the ingred-ients is formed by any suitable method. In this con-nection, it is generally desirable to heat the water used in the preparation of the dessert product and to add the other ingredients to the heated water~ 'rhe dry ingredients are preferably added by suitable equip-ment to prevent lumping of the dry ingredients. One suit-able method for blending the dry ingredients with the water is a tank containing a continuous piping loop through which the water is recirculated by means of a centrifugal pump.
The dry ingredients are gradually fed into the loop prior to passage of the water through the pump. If a fat source is used in the preparation of the dessert product, the homo-geneous, aq~eous mixture is homogenized prior to the final heating step.
After a homogeneous, aqueous mixture o the ingredients is formedl the mixture is heated to a tem-peraturé sufficie~-t~to pasteurizë-the mixture. Suit-able heating conditions are to a temperature of from about 72 to about 90 C for a time of from about 15 to about 5 minutes, the longer time corresponding to the lower temperature and equivalent intermediate times being used at intermediate temperatures. Ultra high temperature short time (UHTST) conditions of about 100-110C for substantially no hold time can also be used. If a non-gelatinized starch is used, the final heating conditions are selected so as to be abo~e the gelatinization temperature for the starch.
After the pasteurization heating step, the p~l of the mixture is adjusted to below ahout 4.6 by the ad-`' dition of a suitable edible acid. Suitable edible acids ~.,, ~ :

include but are not limited to citxic acid, lactic acid~
malic acid, acetic acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, glucona delta lactose, fumaric acid and mixture5 thexeof.
The dessert product of the invention is then filled into containers and sea:Led. The dessert product should be filled and sealed while at a temperature of 72C or above to insure adequa1e shelf life~
The dessert product of the present invention gene.rally has the following level of components at the indicated range of use.
Component Range Protein 2-7 Fat 15-25 Sugar (other than 10-25 lactose) Lactose :~3 Water (q s for 48-52 Final Product) Starch .4-2 Gum 4~-7 ~lavoring ~l.0 p~ ~.0-4.6 The following examples further illustrate various features of the present invention but are not ; intended to in any way limit the scope of the invention which is defined in the appended claims.

A cheese c ake filling in accordance with the 30 present invention was made using cream cheese as the pro-tein and fat source. The *illing had the follo~ing in-gredien~ts in the given amounts:
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Weight In~redi~nts Percent .
Cream cheese 53 74 ~-~- Granulated sugar ~sucxose)22.45 Water 20.71 Fresh curd sodium caseina~e 1.66 Vanilla extract 0.56 Pregelatinized waxy maize starch 0.56 Calfskin gelatin, 220 bloom 0,55 Lactic acid, 85~ 0.23 Lemon emulsion 0.04 lOO.Q0 A jacke-ted conical tank with controlled temperature water circulating through the jacket and having a motor-driven stainless s-teel propeller-type impeller was used for heating and blending the ingred-ientsO A recirculating loop with centrifugal pump and hopper feeder was connected to the tank and the conten-ts of the conical tank were circulated through the loop, enabling dry ingredients to be added without undesirable lump formation. Water was heated to 54CI and gelatin, - sodium caseinate, ~nd starch were added. The disper-sion was heated to 66C, and the sugar was added. The cream cheese was added, and the tempera~ure raised to 82C.Lac-tic acid and flavorings were added, and the product was held at 82C. for ten minutes with agitation4 The p~ of the product was 4.3~, and was commercially sterile as determined by standard bacteriological test-ing. Product at 82C was packaged in a variety of air-tight containers including glass jars, vinyl chloridetubes, p~lypropylene cups, aluminum cups, tinned cans, and polyethylene/aluminum foil laminate flex packs~
These various packages were stored at 7C, ambient room temperatures (24C), 30C, and 37C in the absence of light and examined periodically for quality changes. From a bacteriological standpoint, the cheese ' ':' : , ~ , . . .
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cake filling was highly acceptable as total counts were reduced during the storage period. Refrigerated filling (7C) was unchanged in flavor characteristics during the eight-month test. At ambient room temperature, slight yellowing of the product and development of a barely detectable carameliæ~ taste occurred in eight months -still highly acceptable. At 30C, browniny and caramelized flavor development made the product unac-ceptable in four to five months. At 37C, these same factors resulted in unacceptable products in less than two months. During the storage period, selected samples were used to prepare cold set cheese cakes of good qual-ity.
The product has been packaged in a variety oE
air tight containers including glass jars, vinyl chloride tubes, polypropylene cups, aluminum CUp5 and polyethylen~
aluminum foil laminate flex packs. After sealing, the container is cooled as rapidl~ as possible to a temper-ature of about 20C and placed in storage and tested by placing in a graham cracker crumb crust shell to evaulate the taste and consistency. Further, samples are tested for consistency using a Brookfield~viscometer Model R~E.
An acceptable viscosity using the F spindle at 0.5 rpm would be in the range of 5-9 at room temperature -- ~ 25 or 28 to 36 at 7C. The most desirable Yiscosity for this product is a Brookfield reading of 32-34 units.

A cheese cake filling in accordance with the invention was made in accordance with the procedure of Example 1 using the following formulation:

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Weight In~redient Percent __ Cottage cheese curd (17.6~ solids) 35010 Sugar (sucrose~ 22,34 Water 22.67 Butter oil 1~oO3 Pregelatinized waxy maize starch 0.60 Vanilla extract 0.56 Pigskin gelatin O.Sl Citric acid 0.15 Lemon emulsion 0.04 ... ..
100,00 The cottage cheese curd was dispersed in water and warmed to 54C, the butter oil was added and the mixture was homogenized using 2000 psig on the first stage and 500 psig second stage. Gelatin and starch were added to the viscous liquid and the mixture was heated to 68C~ The sugar was added and the blend heated to ~2~C for ten minutes. After cooling/ the pB
was 4.25. The filling was added to a graham cracker crumb crust shell to prepare cheese cake having ~he consistency and taste characteristics of cold set cheese cake after one hour at refrigeration temperature of 1 10C. A second batch was made wherein one-third of the citric acid was replaced by an equal weight of malic acid to provide an equivalent pH and less "acid bite"
when consumedO

A formulation similar to that given in Example 1 was used to prepare a cheese cake filling using Neufchatel cheese in place of cream cheese.

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Weight In~redient Percent Neufchatel cheese 53.74 Sugar (sucrose) 22.45 Water 21.47 Vanilla extract 0.56 Pregelatinized waxy maize starch 1.00 Calfskin gelatin, _ 220 bloom 0.50 Lactic acid, 85~ 0.24 Lemon emulsion 0.04 100. 00 The processing o~ Example 1 was followed giv-ing a filling ha~ing a pH34.40 and providing a good qual-ity cheese cake when set at refrigeration temperatures of l-10C for about one hour.
EXAMPLE a This example illustrates the use of sodium caseinate and vegetable fat to prepare a shelf-stable cheese cake filling.
Weight Ingredient Percent Water 50.13 Granulated sugar (sucrose) 22.41 Coconut oil, 75F 17.50 Fresh curd Sodium Caseinate 6.87 Pregelatinized waxy maize starch 1.00 Imitation vanilla~ flavor 0.56 Dry lemon powder 0.56 ; Lactic acid, 88% 0.52 Pigskin gelatin, 250 ~loom 0O45 100 . 00 Sodium caseinate was added to the water which was heated to 54C and the coconut oil was blended in.
The mixture was homogenized in a two-stage homogenizer ,, . . , , . . ::". ~ .

at 2000 psig first stagc, 500 psig second stage. rrhe emulsion was heated to 66C and gelatin, starchf and granulated sugar were added. The blend was heated to ~2C and the dry flavorings were added. Lactic acid was added to adjust the pH to 4.27 and the filling ~as held at 82C for ten minutes~ Standard bacteriological testing indicated the bacterial profile was desirably low. The illing had acceptable shelf life and pro~ided cold set cheese cake consistency on refrigeration.

This example illustrates the use of isolated soy protein and vegatable fat to prepare a shelf-stable cheese cake filling. The procedure of Example 1 was used.
Weight Ingredient Percent Water 50.13 Granulated sugar 22.75 Partially hydrogenated ~oybean oil, 82 I.V.19.00 Sodium soy proteinate5~50 Pregelatinized waxy maize starch 0.75 Imitation vanilla powder0.56 Dry lemon powder 0.56 Pigskin gelatin7 250 bloom 0.49 Phosphoric acid, 85~ 0.26 100.00 The soy proteinate was dispersed in 49C water and the soybean oil was added. The mix was homogenized two-stage at 2500 psig first stage and 500 psig second stage. The gelatin and starch were added, the temper-ature adjusted to 66C and the sugar added. The tem-perature was adjusted to 82C and the dry flavorings added. The phosphoric acid was added to a part of the water to reduce the concentration to 20 percent and added to the filling. The product was held at 82C for :, ~ ,. . . . . .

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ten minutes and filled in glass jars which were tightly - capped. the pH was 4.45 and had a suitable low bac teriological profile. A second batch was made using 0~01 percent ascorbic acid or sodium ascorbate to pro-vide a flavor note similar to that provided by dairy protein and lactose. The filling sets on refricJeration to give a cheese cake consistency and shelf life is satisfactory.

Sucrose was replaced with corn syrup solids as given in the following formulation:
Weight Ingredient Percent Cream cheese 53.74 63 D.E. corn syrup (84~ solids) 26.72 Water 15.54 Fresh curd sodium caseinate 1.66 Vanilla extract 0.56 Pregelatinized waxy maize starch 0.56 Calfskin gelatin, 220 bloom 0.55 Lactic acid, 85% 0~23 Lemon emulsion 0.44 100 . 00 This formulation was processed in the same equipment and in the manner as given in Example 1. The cheese cake filling was similar in consistency and taste to that provided in Example 1, but had a shorter shelf life due to more rapid browning at 30C and 37C than the formulation containing sucrose given in Example 1.
In like manner, 42 ~.E. corn:.sy.rup (81%
solids) was substituted for the sucrose in Example 1.
The sweetness of the filling was slightly reduced com-pared to that provided in Example 1, the added flavors were slightly masked, and browning proceeded more rapidly at 30C and 37C~
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O'l.~ ' --In a similar manner, lactose which had beenhydrolyzed to glucose and galactose to the extent of about ~S~ and whi~h had been freeze-dried to remove ; water, was used as a replacement for sucrose in Example 1. Processing and properties of the fillinys were sub-stantially as given in Example 1.

. _ A cheese cake filling was made with xanthan gum and locust bean gum.
Weight Ingredient Percent Cream Cheese 53.74 Granulated sugar 22.70 Water 20.21 Fresh curd sodium caseinate 1~66 Vanilla extract 0.56 Pregelatinized waxy maize starch 0.56 Xanthan gum 0.25 Lactic acid, 85~ 0.23 Locust bean gum 0.05 - Lemon emulsion _ 0~04 100. 00 The procedure of Example 1 was used to provide a cheese cake filling which was a reversible gel at re-frigeration temperature.

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Claims (6)

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclu-sive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:

1. A method for manufacture of a shelf stable dessert product which has a reversible gel structure at refrigeration temperatures comprising providing a homo-geneous, aqueous mixture of a gel-forming gum, starch, a sweetening agent, and a proteinaceous source selected from the group consisting of cream cheese, cottage cheese, casein, an edible caseinate salt and an edible soy pro-teinate salt, adjusting the fat content of said mixture, homogenizing said mixture after the addition of any fat source other than cream cheese or cream, heating said mixture to a temperature and for a time sufficient to pasteurize said mixture, adjusting the pH of said mixture to below about 4.6, and cooling said mixture to ambient temperature whereby a thixotropic dessert product is pro-vided which is pourable at ambient temperature and which is gelled at refrigeration temperature.

2. A method in accordance with Claim 1 wherein said fat content of said mixture is within the range of about 15 to about 25 percent by weight.

3. A method in accordance with Claim 1 wherein said proteinaceous source is present at a level to pro-vide a protein content of from about 2 to about 7 percent by weight.

4. A method in accordance with Claim 1 in which said starch is present at a level of from about .4 to about 2 percent by weight.

5. A method in accordance with Claim 4 wherein said gum is present at a level of from about .4 to about .7 percent by weight.

6. A method in accordance with Claim 1 wherein the pH of said dessert product is within the range of from about 4.0 to about 4.6.