CA1110228A - Variable venturi dispersing and mixing device - Google Patents
Variable venturi dispersing and mixing deviceInfo
- Publication number
- CA1110228A CA1110228A CA312,967A CA312967A CA1110228A CA 1110228 A CA1110228 A CA 1110228A CA 312967 A CA312967 A CA 312967A CA 1110228 A CA1110228 A CA 1110228A
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- liquid
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Abstract
S P E C I F I C A T I O N
TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:
BE IT KNOWN that I, BORGEIR SKAUGEN, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the City of Beloit, in the County of Rock and State of Wisconsin, have invented certain new and useful improvements in a "COMMERCIAL FOAM GENERATOR"
and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accom-panying drawings and to the numerals of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A mechanism to be used in the generation and maintenance of a surfactant foam having fibers distributed therethrough with the foam to be used in the formation of a fibrous web by being deposited on a porous forming surface and particularly a unit for dispersing and mixing fluids provided with a flow path including an upstream conduit and a downstream conduit and a housing there-between defining a dispersing and mixing chamber with a plug there-in providing venturi chambers, and in one form having a washboard corrugated path on the upstream side wherein the foam is provided with controlled surfactant and air and in the zones of reduced pressure caused by the venturi shape expansion, the fibers are distributed and the air is distributed throughout the surfactant in a uniform manner.
-i-
TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:
BE IT KNOWN that I, BORGEIR SKAUGEN, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the City of Beloit, in the County of Rock and State of Wisconsin, have invented certain new and useful improvements in a "COMMERCIAL FOAM GENERATOR"
and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accom-panying drawings and to the numerals of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A mechanism to be used in the generation and maintenance of a surfactant foam having fibers distributed therethrough with the foam to be used in the formation of a fibrous web by being deposited on a porous forming surface and particularly a unit for dispersing and mixing fluids provided with a flow path including an upstream conduit and a downstream conduit and a housing there-between defining a dispersing and mixing chamber with a plug there-in providing venturi chambers, and in one form having a washboard corrugated path on the upstream side wherein the foam is provided with controlled surfactant and air and in the zones of reduced pressure caused by the venturi shape expansion, the fibers are distributed and the air is distributed throughout the surfactant in a uniform manner.
-i-
Description
l~t`li2~B
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to improvements in structures for forming a fibrous web from a suspension of fibers in a stock, and more particularly to a mechanism for preparing the stock and improving the dispersion and mixing of air in a surfactant foam and distributing the fibers throughout the foam. More basically, the invention relates to an improved mixing and dispersion device capable of improved ingestion of one fluid in another which is particularly well adapted and provides unique advantages in a foam generating system.
In the manufacture of fibrous webs, particularly from synthetic fibers, one method which has been developed involves suspending the fibers in a foam suspension. The system for one such arrangement is disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,716,449 of February 13, 1973 issued to Gatward and Radvan.
In handling the foam generated by the process taught in the aforesaid patent, a requirement is that the foam not be permitted to break down so that the fibers are uniformly carried and uniformly distributed. To accomplish this the foam - 20 must be uniform and even uniform to the extent of having uniform bubble formation, and this can be accomplished by continual regeneration of the foam in its flow through the system toward the forming surface.
One very critical area when working with long synthetic fibers is that of the location and the method employed for fiber addition. In a conventional paper machine, the wood fibers are added at the suction side of the fan pump, and the turbulence created by the pump disperses the fibers. On specialty grades, however, where longer than normal paper making fibers are utilized, this method cannot be used because the fibers would plug up the pump or become entangled with each other and with mechanical surfaces in the system. An important function of the mechanism is to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Z~3 obt,ain adec~uate and complete ~iffusion. 'rhis involves difficulty in ~,achines tllat re~luire different ~lo~ rates for different grades, A feature o~ the present inven~ion is tl~e provision of a mechanism which attains a unique result in that it provides structure which is capable of controlling t,he'flow rate,which structure coacts to provide improved diffusion.
The diffusion mechanism of the invention may also be util-ized as a mixer. Such mixers find use in the ingesti.on of dies and chemicals intro~uced into a liquid, Such mixing is utilized par-ticu].arly ia~ the paper industry, but also in the ~ood processing and chemical industries, The ingestion. mixing and dif.Eusion of fibers in~o a flowing li(iuid line is necessary wherein the fibers are piclced up by water to be mixed in stock and is also necessary wherein the fibers are to be suspended in a surfactant foam rather than water. The features o~ the present invention'may be employed ~, in both types of systems.
It, is an object of the present invention to provide an -improved mixing and di~usion method and apparatus which employs the factors inherent in a flowing stream for the difEusion function by the structural relationship of parts.
- A rurther object of the invention-is to provid,e an im-proved diffusion and mixin~ a~)paratus whicll is particularly well adclpted to the mixing and distribution of long fibers in a liquid in a paper making machine.
A further object oE the invention is to provide an im-proved dirfusion appa-ratus which functions Eor the continual regen-eration of foam in a foam system suspending fibers in a surfactan~
foam.
- O~her objects, advalltages and features will become more al~pal-cllt, as wil] c~(~uiv.lLellt n~et,llo(ls an(l ~structures whicll are in-~ended to be covered llerein, in connec~ iOIl with ~he teaching of ~_ 15 1~22~3 the principles of the present invention in the disclosure of the preferred embodiments of the invention in the specification, claims and drawings in which:
DRAWINGS
igure 1 is a side elevational view in schematic form illustrating a mixing and diffusing apparatus constructed and operating in accordance with the principles of the present inven-tion;
: Figure 2 is a front elevational view also in schematic form of the mechanism of Figure l;
Figure 3 (sheet II) is a schematic sectional view illustrating the interior of a mixing and diffusing apparatus of a form different than the mechanism of Figures 1 and 2;
Figure 4 (sheet I) is a schematic side elevational view of still another form of the apparatus;
Figure 5 is a vertical sectional view taken through a mixing and diffusing apparatus such as that illustrated in Figure 3 and shown in less schematic form than Figure 3;
Figure 6 is an elevational view of the structure of Figure 5;
Figure 7 is an elevational view taken substantially along line VII-VII of Figure 6; and Figure 8 is a schematic view illustrating the mixing and diffusing apparatus in combination with a web forming machine.
DESCRIPTION
Figures 1 and 2 show an upstream conduit for conducting the desired liquid such as white water in a paper making machine.
A heavy stock line 9 of smaller diameter enters through the wall of the upstream conduit 10 with a discharge nozzle centrally located in the upstream conduit 10 for distributing long fibers into the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
h22,~3 flowialg white ~ater. The white water is dellvered as inclic~ated by the arrowed line ~o the conduit 10 from the fan pump or similar pressure pump, and the downstream ~low of mixed ~ater and fibers will be delivered to a headbo~, cand Eor tllis purpose, a downstream conduit 11 is provided.
Intermediate between the upstream conduit 10 and downstream conduit 11 is a housing 12 havin~ a dispcnsin~, and mixing chamber therein. Within the llousing is a shaped plug 14. The plug is streamlined and tapered on its upper end 1~ and tapers to a-aair ~oil diminishing tllickness shape 19 on its downstream end. The upstream end 1~ acts in coaction with the wall o~ the housing 12 to lilnit or control the 1Ow of liqui~a ~rom the upstream conduit.
~or this purpose, the plug is adjustably movable in the direction o~ flow of ahe liquid, ~or example, from the solid line to the dotted line pOsitiOIl of Figure 1, to act as a valve to control the quantity o~ flow. The plug and housin~ top~ether form an exDansion and disl)ersion cllamber zone 20 on the downstream end so that in essence the flow path o~ the liquid throug,h the housing 12 is in tlle shaye o a venturi. The~ constricted portion of the venturi is ~ormed between the Plug and the wall at 2~a, and the expansion portion of ahe venturi is formed between ahe housing wall and plug at 20. The expansion and dispersion zone 20 is an area of decreased pressure, ancl it has beèn discovered that it is the area of de-creased pressure which causes dispersion and distribution of the long fibers. The smooth plug and its chamber wall do not cause any hang-up of il~ers even iE they are heavy fibers oaf the long tyPe.
It m~ay be desirable to provide an alternate or a supple-mcntal helavy stock supply, and this is provided throu~h the plug its~l~. A saocl; input linc 17 leads laterallv i.nto a-he plu~ and thc plug ha~; a serics o~ p,lSS;l~CS termin.a~ in openings 16 and 15 at the outer surface o~ the plup~ and to tlle passa~,e between the plug ancl ~he chaml~er ~/all. The chamber will be shaped as it is sllown in its proile in Figure 1, witll the ends of the chamber flat as sllo~n in Jigure 2. Tl-e insides of ~he chamber are similarly shape(l wiLh the chamber wall sllown as a slng]e line in the drawing ~or convenience of il].ustration. The plù~ will be shaDed in pro-:Eile a<, sho~l in Figure 1 with its ends ~Iat, and suitable sealing apparatlls will be provided for the i.nlet line 17 at the end of the plug, an(l the plup ~ill be provided with means .for securing it in i~s position within the cham~er and permitting adjustment in its location in the direction o:E Strealn flow.
!i~rua-e 3 illustrates another form of the mechanism utilizing in a more complex form tlle venturi princip].e of reduced pressure wllich has been found to provide the unique dispersion results e~lec~-ive on di.spersion of fibers in a flowing liquid. The arrangement of Figure 3wllile it may be employed for the dispersion o~ fibers in a ~ater, is particularly well suited or the disper-sion o~ f;bers in a ~oam, and for the regeneration of ~oam in its flow to a headbox.
~ n upstrectm line 21 is provided with a flow of Eoam theretl~rough as indicated ~y the arrowed line. The Eoam will be pre~r,enerated by a Kenerating apparatus, and usually fibers will be distr;buted throug,hout in the generating apparatus or in auxiliary appartus. An in~ut line 26 is provided with a discharge nozzle - 27 centr,llly loc"ted in tlte upstream line 21. I~hile this input line 26 may bc also utilized for the ingestion o~ additional fibers into ~.he system, preferably it will be used for the controlled in-put of air and in some instances~ additional sur~actant so that ~lle additional foan~ regeneration can occur.
'lhe ~oaln rc~ellelatio~ nd tlle dis~ril)tltioll and dispersion Z~,8 of fibers occurs witllin a housin~ 23 which receives flow from the upstre,-tm line 21 and delivers flow to a downstream conduit 22.
Tlle hOUSi71g has a chamber shaped as illustratcd whic'h is .Elat on i~s ends, and within tlle chamber is locatcd a movable plug 25 whicll is adjustable in the direction of the arrowed line shown extendincT in each direction from a central support 31.. Again, the member 31 may be a supporting shaft provided with suitable mechan-ism for adjusting the plug upstream or downstream in the direction of liquid flow wi~h sui~able seals provided between the shaft 31 and the housing 23. The plug in being adjustable controls the volume o~ Elow, and is ~apered on its downstrea~t end 30 to provide an expansion chamber with the reduction of pressure that improve distribution and dispersion.
Tlle pri~lary foam regeneration and distribution and dis-persion occurs on the upstream side of the plug which is provided with a washboard effect. That: is, the inner wall of the housing 23 is provided with a series of recurring corrugati.ons 2~ which ex-t:end laterally across the direction of stream flow, and a corres-pon<lin~ mating, facin~, series of corrugations 2~ are provided on the sur.Eace of the plup, which faces the ho~lsing. Both sides of the plu~ on the upstream side and both sides of the chamber on the upstream side have similar corru~.ations for the so-called wash-~oard effect. Tlle peaks of the corrugations are preferably gener-ally in opposed relationsllip s.o that the corruxations in effect form a series of venturi.s or constrictions each followed by an ex-pansion area. Tllus, the repeated constriction and e~pansion, and the conseguelll increase in pressure and decrease in pressure which occur in accordance wi.~h the venturi princip]e effect a regeneration o~ t~e foalll.Elowillg tllerethlot]gh.
Ille ;!~if~ lg~ of lhe ~ g 25 in tlle directioll of stream iZ2~
flow will bring thc corr-1gate('7 surfaces closer toget11er or further apart thus ef~ecting a control in the pressure buildup and drop of the lic1uicl as it ~lows ~hrough the washl~oard ~one Generally, a pressure drop on ~he order of 25 psi has been found to be de-sirable for the development of the proper air content and quality of the ~oam, and adjustment of the plug can be made to achieve this.
A pressure drop in the range of 20 to 30 PSi i:; preferred. The type of surfactctn~ used may be selected in accordance with the circumstances of operation for the formation of a fibrous web and the type of surfact-ant employed may be of any general type such as those illustrated in tlle publication "Encyclopedia of Surface Active Agents" by Seisley and Wood, published by Chemical Publish-ing Company, New York, Copyright 1964.
ligure 4 illustra~es another Eorm of regenerator utilizing the mechanis1n of Figure 3. In Figure 4, an upstream line 41 car-ries the foam and controlled alternate air or surfactant is intro-ducecl by a line 44 dclivering into the center oE the upstream line.
A restricted venturi portion 42 is provided in the upstream line 41 with this followed by an immediate venturi expansion portion 43.
The expansion portion is followed by an expansion chamber arrange-ment shown at 45 which will be of the construction sho~n in Figure 3.
Figures 5 througll 7 illustrate a rnechanism similar to Figure 3 in less schematic form. Stock enters the housing shown generally in the figl7res through an inlet line 51, flows out througll an outlet: line 52. The housing is enclosed by an outer rectan;,tllar sleeve 5fi, and the sections of the interior of the housitlg are separable so as to be able to locate a plug 53 in the hol]ow chamher therein witl7 the walls of the housia~g formed on the upstrc.~ ,i(1e a~ 55 .7nd a~ c downs1:rc;1m side at 54.
Z~3 The plug 53 is supported on cross shafts 58 which ; extend through the outer wall or sleeve 56 through a slot 57, and the ends are set in plates 59. The plug can be adjusted manually upstream or downstream to its desired location. The plug 53 is relatively flat on its sides with an O-ring 69 sealing the flat sides against the housing but permitting adjustment.
For adjustment, a band 60 is secured to the plates 59 and the band is moved by rotation of adjustment bolts 71 rotatable in the band and threaded into lugs 72 fixed to the sleeve 56.
Figure 8 shows the dispersion distribution arrangement used in a paper making machine wherein foam or white water is delivered through an upstream line 62 through a pump which is a fan pump 61 with the flow of liquid delivered to a dispersion distribution chamber 63 which has the construction of the various arrangements such as shown in Figures 1, 3 or 4. A long fibered stock, or controlled air and surfactant is delivered by a line 65. The stock with the suspended fibers flows to a head-~ box 64 and out through a slice opening 66 onto a travelling ; forming surface 67 wherein the liquid passes through the forming surface and the distributed fibers form a mat on the travelling forming surface.
In operation of the arrangements illustrated in Figures 1, 3 and 4, a liquid carrier such as water or foam passes into a distributor dispersion device and the device subjects the liquid to passage through one or more of a series of venturi chambers where the drop in pressure that occurs in the liquid causes a regeneration of foam and/or a distribution of the fibers.
Thus, it will be seen that I have provided a device and method which achieves the objectives set forth and provides for an improved versatility over a wide range of requirements and flow conditions and improves the resultant product.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to improvements in structures for forming a fibrous web from a suspension of fibers in a stock, and more particularly to a mechanism for preparing the stock and improving the dispersion and mixing of air in a surfactant foam and distributing the fibers throughout the foam. More basically, the invention relates to an improved mixing and dispersion device capable of improved ingestion of one fluid in another which is particularly well adapted and provides unique advantages in a foam generating system.
In the manufacture of fibrous webs, particularly from synthetic fibers, one method which has been developed involves suspending the fibers in a foam suspension. The system for one such arrangement is disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,716,449 of February 13, 1973 issued to Gatward and Radvan.
In handling the foam generated by the process taught in the aforesaid patent, a requirement is that the foam not be permitted to break down so that the fibers are uniformly carried and uniformly distributed. To accomplish this the foam - 20 must be uniform and even uniform to the extent of having uniform bubble formation, and this can be accomplished by continual regeneration of the foam in its flow through the system toward the forming surface.
One very critical area when working with long synthetic fibers is that of the location and the method employed for fiber addition. In a conventional paper machine, the wood fibers are added at the suction side of the fan pump, and the turbulence created by the pump disperses the fibers. On specialty grades, however, where longer than normal paper making fibers are utilized, this method cannot be used because the fibers would plug up the pump or become entangled with each other and with mechanical surfaces in the system. An important function of the mechanism is to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Z~3 obt,ain adec~uate and complete ~iffusion. 'rhis involves difficulty in ~,achines tllat re~luire different ~lo~ rates for different grades, A feature o~ the present inven~ion is tl~e provision of a mechanism which attains a unique result in that it provides structure which is capable of controlling t,he'flow rate,which structure coacts to provide improved diffusion.
The diffusion mechanism of the invention may also be util-ized as a mixer. Such mixers find use in the ingesti.on of dies and chemicals intro~uced into a liquid, Such mixing is utilized par-ticu].arly ia~ the paper industry, but also in the ~ood processing and chemical industries, The ingestion. mixing and dif.Eusion of fibers in~o a flowing li(iuid line is necessary wherein the fibers are piclced up by water to be mixed in stock and is also necessary wherein the fibers are to be suspended in a surfactant foam rather than water. The features o~ the present invention'may be employed ~, in both types of systems.
It, is an object of the present invention to provide an -improved mixing and di~usion method and apparatus which employs the factors inherent in a flowing stream for the difEusion function by the structural relationship of parts.
- A rurther object of the invention-is to provid,e an im-proved diffusion and mixin~ a~)paratus whicll is particularly well adclpted to the mixing and distribution of long fibers in a liquid in a paper making machine.
A further object oE the invention is to provide an im-proved dirfusion appa-ratus which functions Eor the continual regen-eration of foam in a foam system suspending fibers in a surfactan~
foam.
- O~her objects, advalltages and features will become more al~pal-cllt, as wil] c~(~uiv.lLellt n~et,llo(ls an(l ~structures whicll are in-~ended to be covered llerein, in connec~ iOIl with ~he teaching of ~_ 15 1~22~3 the principles of the present invention in the disclosure of the preferred embodiments of the invention in the specification, claims and drawings in which:
DRAWINGS
igure 1 is a side elevational view in schematic form illustrating a mixing and diffusing apparatus constructed and operating in accordance with the principles of the present inven-tion;
: Figure 2 is a front elevational view also in schematic form of the mechanism of Figure l;
Figure 3 (sheet II) is a schematic sectional view illustrating the interior of a mixing and diffusing apparatus of a form different than the mechanism of Figures 1 and 2;
Figure 4 (sheet I) is a schematic side elevational view of still another form of the apparatus;
Figure 5 is a vertical sectional view taken through a mixing and diffusing apparatus such as that illustrated in Figure 3 and shown in less schematic form than Figure 3;
Figure 6 is an elevational view of the structure of Figure 5;
Figure 7 is an elevational view taken substantially along line VII-VII of Figure 6; and Figure 8 is a schematic view illustrating the mixing and diffusing apparatus in combination with a web forming machine.
DESCRIPTION
Figures 1 and 2 show an upstream conduit for conducting the desired liquid such as white water in a paper making machine.
A heavy stock line 9 of smaller diameter enters through the wall of the upstream conduit 10 with a discharge nozzle centrally located in the upstream conduit 10 for distributing long fibers into the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
h22,~3 flowialg white ~ater. The white water is dellvered as inclic~ated by the arrowed line ~o the conduit 10 from the fan pump or similar pressure pump, and the downstream ~low of mixed ~ater and fibers will be delivered to a headbo~, cand Eor tllis purpose, a downstream conduit 11 is provided.
Intermediate between the upstream conduit 10 and downstream conduit 11 is a housing 12 havin~ a dispcnsin~, and mixing chamber therein. Within the llousing is a shaped plug 14. The plug is streamlined and tapered on its upper end 1~ and tapers to a-aair ~oil diminishing tllickness shape 19 on its downstream end. The upstream end 1~ acts in coaction with the wall o~ the housing 12 to lilnit or control the 1Ow of liqui~a ~rom the upstream conduit.
~or this purpose, the plug is adjustably movable in the direction o~ flow of ahe liquid, ~or example, from the solid line to the dotted line pOsitiOIl of Figure 1, to act as a valve to control the quantity o~ flow. The plug and housin~ top~ether form an exDansion and disl)ersion cllamber zone 20 on the downstream end so that in essence the flow path o~ the liquid throug,h the housing 12 is in tlle shaye o a venturi. The~ constricted portion of the venturi is ~ormed between the Plug and the wall at 2~a, and the expansion portion of ahe venturi is formed between ahe housing wall and plug at 20. The expansion and dispersion zone 20 is an area of decreased pressure, ancl it has beèn discovered that it is the area of de-creased pressure which causes dispersion and distribution of the long fibers. The smooth plug and its chamber wall do not cause any hang-up of il~ers even iE they are heavy fibers oaf the long tyPe.
It m~ay be desirable to provide an alternate or a supple-mcntal helavy stock supply, and this is provided throu~h the plug its~l~. A saocl; input linc 17 leads laterallv i.nto a-he plu~ and thc plug ha~; a serics o~ p,lSS;l~CS termin.a~ in openings 16 and 15 at the outer surface o~ the plup~ and to tlle passa~,e between the plug ancl ~he chaml~er ~/all. The chamber will be shaped as it is sllown in its proile in Figure 1, witll the ends of the chamber flat as sllo~n in Jigure 2. Tl-e insides of ~he chamber are similarly shape(l wiLh the chamber wall sllown as a slng]e line in the drawing ~or convenience of il].ustration. The plù~ will be shaDed in pro-:Eile a<, sho~l in Figure 1 with its ends ~Iat, and suitable sealing apparatlls will be provided for the i.nlet line 17 at the end of the plug, an(l the plup ~ill be provided with means .for securing it in i~s position within the cham~er and permitting adjustment in its location in the direction o:E Strealn flow.
!i~rua-e 3 illustrates another form of the mechanism utilizing in a more complex form tlle venturi princip].e of reduced pressure wllich has been found to provide the unique dispersion results e~lec~-ive on di.spersion of fibers in a flowing liquid. The arrangement of Figure 3wllile it may be employed for the dispersion o~ fibers in a ~ater, is particularly well suited or the disper-sion o~ f;bers in a ~oam, and for the regeneration of ~oam in its flow to a headbox.
~ n upstrectm line 21 is provided with a flow of Eoam theretl~rough as indicated ~y the arrowed line. The Eoam will be pre~r,enerated by a Kenerating apparatus, and usually fibers will be distr;buted throug,hout in the generating apparatus or in auxiliary appartus. An in~ut line 26 is provided with a discharge nozzle - 27 centr,llly loc"ted in tlte upstream line 21. I~hile this input line 26 may bc also utilized for the ingestion o~ additional fibers into ~.he system, preferably it will be used for the controlled in-put of air and in some instances~ additional sur~actant so that ~lle additional foan~ regeneration can occur.
'lhe ~oaln rc~ellelatio~ nd tlle dis~ril)tltioll and dispersion Z~,8 of fibers occurs witllin a housin~ 23 which receives flow from the upstre,-tm line 21 and delivers flow to a downstream conduit 22.
Tlle hOUSi71g has a chamber shaped as illustratcd whic'h is .Elat on i~s ends, and within tlle chamber is locatcd a movable plug 25 whicll is adjustable in the direction of the arrowed line shown extendincT in each direction from a central support 31.. Again, the member 31 may be a supporting shaft provided with suitable mechan-ism for adjusting the plug upstream or downstream in the direction of liquid flow wi~h sui~able seals provided between the shaft 31 and the housing 23. The plug in being adjustable controls the volume o~ Elow, and is ~apered on its downstrea~t end 30 to provide an expansion chamber with the reduction of pressure that improve distribution and dispersion.
Tlle pri~lary foam regeneration and distribution and dis-persion occurs on the upstream side of the plug which is provided with a washboard effect. That: is, the inner wall of the housing 23 is provided with a series of recurring corrugati.ons 2~ which ex-t:end laterally across the direction of stream flow, and a corres-pon<lin~ mating, facin~, series of corrugations 2~ are provided on the sur.Eace of the plup, which faces the ho~lsing. Both sides of the plu~ on the upstream side and both sides of the chamber on the upstream side have similar corru~.ations for the so-called wash-~oard effect. Tlle peaks of the corrugations are preferably gener-ally in opposed relationsllip s.o that the corruxations in effect form a series of venturi.s or constrictions each followed by an ex-pansion area. Tllus, the repeated constriction and e~pansion, and the conseguelll increase in pressure and decrease in pressure which occur in accordance wi.~h the venturi princip]e effect a regeneration o~ t~e foalll.Elowillg tllerethlot]gh.
Ille ;!~if~ lg~ of lhe ~ g 25 in tlle directioll of stream iZ2~
flow will bring thc corr-1gate('7 surfaces closer toget11er or further apart thus ef~ecting a control in the pressure buildup and drop of the lic1uicl as it ~lows ~hrough the washl~oard ~one Generally, a pressure drop on ~he order of 25 psi has been found to be de-sirable for the development of the proper air content and quality of the ~oam, and adjustment of the plug can be made to achieve this.
A pressure drop in the range of 20 to 30 PSi i:; preferred. The type of surfactctn~ used may be selected in accordance with the circumstances of operation for the formation of a fibrous web and the type of surfact-ant employed may be of any general type such as those illustrated in tlle publication "Encyclopedia of Surface Active Agents" by Seisley and Wood, published by Chemical Publish-ing Company, New York, Copyright 1964.
ligure 4 illustra~es another Eorm of regenerator utilizing the mechanis1n of Figure 3. In Figure 4, an upstream line 41 car-ries the foam and controlled alternate air or surfactant is intro-ducecl by a line 44 dclivering into the center oE the upstream line.
A restricted venturi portion 42 is provided in the upstream line 41 with this followed by an immediate venturi expansion portion 43.
The expansion portion is followed by an expansion chamber arrange-ment shown at 45 which will be of the construction sho~n in Figure 3.
Figures 5 througll 7 illustrate a rnechanism similar to Figure 3 in less schematic form. Stock enters the housing shown generally in the figl7res through an inlet line 51, flows out througll an outlet: line 52. The housing is enclosed by an outer rectan;,tllar sleeve 5fi, and the sections of the interior of the housitlg are separable so as to be able to locate a plug 53 in the hol]ow chamher therein witl7 the walls of the housia~g formed on the upstrc.~ ,i(1e a~ 55 .7nd a~ c downs1:rc;1m side at 54.
Z~3 The plug 53 is supported on cross shafts 58 which ; extend through the outer wall or sleeve 56 through a slot 57, and the ends are set in plates 59. The plug can be adjusted manually upstream or downstream to its desired location. The plug 53 is relatively flat on its sides with an O-ring 69 sealing the flat sides against the housing but permitting adjustment.
For adjustment, a band 60 is secured to the plates 59 and the band is moved by rotation of adjustment bolts 71 rotatable in the band and threaded into lugs 72 fixed to the sleeve 56.
Figure 8 shows the dispersion distribution arrangement used in a paper making machine wherein foam or white water is delivered through an upstream line 62 through a pump which is a fan pump 61 with the flow of liquid delivered to a dispersion distribution chamber 63 which has the construction of the various arrangements such as shown in Figures 1, 3 or 4. A long fibered stock, or controlled air and surfactant is delivered by a line 65. The stock with the suspended fibers flows to a head-~ box 64 and out through a slice opening 66 onto a travelling ; forming surface 67 wherein the liquid passes through the forming surface and the distributed fibers form a mat on the travelling forming surface.
In operation of the arrangements illustrated in Figures 1, 3 and 4, a liquid carrier such as water or foam passes into a distributor dispersion device and the device subjects the liquid to passage through one or more of a series of venturi chambers where the drop in pressure that occurs in the liquid causes a regeneration of foam and/or a distribution of the fibers.
Thus, it will be seen that I have provided a device and method which achieves the objectives set forth and provides for an improved versatility over a wide range of requirements and flow conditions and improves the resultant product.
Claims (7)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS
1. A dispersing and mixing unit for a paper making machine comprising in combination:
an upstream conduit for conducting delivered liquid;
a downstream conduit for receiving and conducting the liquid after being mixed with a material;
means defining a mixing and dispersing chamber connected between said conduits having opposed walls with at least one wall having corrugations extending laterally of the flow direction to define a series of constriction and expansion locations in the flow path through the mixing chamber whereby material is dispersed in the liquid in said expansion locations;
means for delivering material to be dispersed in the liquid connected to said upstream conduit; and a movable forming surface for receiving liquid from the downstream conduit to form a fibrous web on the forming surface.
an upstream conduit for conducting delivered liquid;
a downstream conduit for receiving and conducting the liquid after being mixed with a material;
means defining a mixing and dispersing chamber connected between said conduits having opposed walls with at least one wall having corrugations extending laterally of the flow direction to define a series of constriction and expansion locations in the flow path through the mixing chamber whereby material is dispersed in the liquid in said expansion locations;
means for delivering material to be dispersed in the liquid connected to said upstream conduit; and a movable forming surface for receiving liquid from the downstream conduit to form a fibrous web on the forming surface.
2. A dispersing and mixing unit for a paper making machine constructed in accordance with claim 1 wherein said chamber cont-ains a plug and said plug is a teardrop shaped with a downstream section of decreasing dimension so that an expansion zone is formed adjacent the downstream surfaces of the plug.
3. A dispersing and mixing unit for a paper making machine constructed in accordance with claim 2:
including means for adjustably changing the position of the plug in the chamber in the direction of liquid flow.
including means for adjustably changing the position of the plug in the chamber in the direction of liquid flow.
4. A dispersing and mixing unit for a paper making machine constructed in accordance with claim 1:
wherein the liquid flowing through the conduits and chamber is surfactant foam, and said means for delivering the material injects a controlled amount of air or fibers into the foam for uniform foam generation and fiber distribut-ion within said dispersion portion.
wherein the liquid flowing through the conduits and chamber is surfactant foam, and said means for delivering the material injects a controlled amount of air or fibers into the foam for uniform foam generation and fiber distribut-ion within said dispersion portion.
5. A dispersing and mixing unit for a paper making machine constructed in accordance with claim 1:
wherein both opposing walls of said dispersing chamber have corrugations extending laterally of the flow with the peaks of the corrugations being generally in alignment on opposing walls.
wherein both opposing walls of said dispersing chamber have corrugations extending laterally of the flow with the peaks of the corrugations being generally in alignment on opposing walls.
6. A dispersing and mixing unit for a paper making machine constructed in accordance with claim 5:
including means for moving said walls relatively in a direction toward or away from each other to change the size of the expansion locations.
including means for moving said walls relatively in a direction toward or away from each other to change the size of the expansion locations.
7. A dispersing and mixing unit for a paper making machine constructed in accordance with claim 5:
wherein said mixing and dispersing chamber is formed within a housing having one of said walls;
and a moveable plug located in said housing providing the other of said walls with the plug having said corrugations on an upstream side facing corrugations on the housing wall.
wherein said mixing and dispersing chamber is formed within a housing having one of said walls;
and a moveable plug located in said housing providing the other of said walls with the plug having said corrugations on an upstream side facing corrugations on the housing wall.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US88627778A | 1978-03-13 | 1978-03-13 | |
| US886,277 | 1978-03-13 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1110228A true CA1110228A (en) | 1981-10-06 |
Family
ID=25388764
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA312,967A Expired CA1110228A (en) | 1978-03-13 | 1978-10-10 | Variable venturi dispersing and mixing device |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS54129565A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1110228A (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7234857B2 (en) | 1998-02-26 | 2007-06-26 | Wetend Technologies Oy | Method and apparatus for feeding a chemical into a liquid flow |
| FI108802B (en) * | 1998-02-26 | 2002-03-28 | Wetend Technologies Oy | A method and apparatus for feeding a chemical into a liquid stream and a paper machine feeding system |
| JP4916496B2 (en) * | 2008-10-07 | 2012-04-11 | 株式会社リガルジョイント | Fluid mixing device |
-
1978
- 1978-10-10 CA CA312,967A patent/CA1110228A/en not_active Expired
-
1979
- 1979-03-12 JP JP2777079A patent/JPS54129565A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS54129565A (en) | 1979-10-08 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |