CA1109858A - Tubing heat exchanger - Google Patents
Tubing heat exchangerInfo
- Publication number
- CA1109858A CA1109858A CA308,769A CA308769A CA1109858A CA 1109858 A CA1109858 A CA 1109858A CA 308769 A CA308769 A CA 308769A CA 1109858 A CA1109858 A CA 1109858A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tubes
- collection
- heat exchanger
- distribution
- manifold
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The invention relates to a heat exchanger comprising at least one plurality of tubings conducting a medium in parallel, connected on the one hand to a distribution casing and on the other to a collection casing, an envelope around the tubings guiding a further medium around the tubings, in which at least one distribution stage and/or collection stage comprising a plurality of elements is arranged between the plurality of tubings and the distri-bution casing and the collection oasing respectively, so the one medium is stepwise evenly divided into distribution streams and/or these distribution streams are evenly united to a main stream and in which the elements forming the second distribution stage or collection stage are constructed in the form of thin-walled boxes.
The invention relates to a heat exchanger comprising at least one plurality of tubings conducting a medium in parallel, connected on the one hand to a distribution casing and on the other to a collection casing, an envelope around the tubings guiding a further medium around the tubings, in which at least one distribution stage and/or collection stage comprising a plurality of elements is arranged between the plurality of tubings and the distri-bution casing and the collection oasing respectively, so the one medium is stepwise evenly divided into distribution streams and/or these distribution streams are evenly united to a main stream and in which the elements forming the second distribution stage or collection stage are constructed in the form of thin-walled boxes.
Description
s~
I'he invention relates to a heat exchanger comprising at least one bundle of parallel tubes for a fluid medium, the tubes being connected at one end to a distribution casing and at the other end to a collection casing.
~n envelope around the tubes guides a second fluid medium around the tubes.
A distribution stage and a collection stage each comprising a plurality of elements is arranged between the tubes and the distribution casing and the collection casing respectively. The first medium evenly divided into dis-tribution streams and/or these distribution streams are evenly united to a main stream. The elements forming a distribution stage or collection stage are constructed in the form of thin-walled boxes.
The aim of the invention is an improved heat excha~ger having a thin-walled, box-shaped element which forms part of a distribution stage. In the heat exchanger referred to above the box-shaped element is included in the first distribution stage, which directly communicates with the distri-bution or collecting casing respectively. However, these box~shaped elements can be mounted only with difficulty in large size heat exchangers.
The invention has for its object to improve the heat exchanger whilst maintaining a comparatively light-weight, flexible structure which is capable of readily accommodating the stresses produced by the high temperature variations encountered in operation.
The invention provides a heat exchanger comprising delivery and collection casings for a first fluid medium, means for conducting the first medium from the delivery casing to the collection casing and comprising a dis-tribution stage connected to the delivery casing, a plurality of tubes con-nected to the distribution stage, and a collection stage connected between the plurality of tubes and the collection casing, and an envelope which surrounds the distribution stage, the plurality of tubes, and the collection stage and through which, in use, a second fluid medium flows in indirect heat exchange relationship with the first medium in the tubes, at least one of the distri-bution and collection stages comprising a number of pipes which lead from the corresponding casing, and a similar number of manifolds each of which connects ; one of the pipes to a group formed by at least two of the tubes, each of the manifolds comprising a pair of oppositely .
;i8 facing cup-shaped thin walled ilexible members, the edges of which are joined in a gas-tight manner to form a manifold having spaced apart sub-stantially parallel walls with a pipe being connected to one of said walls and the tubes forming a group of tubes being connected to the other of said walls.
With a view to simple assembly, the ends connected to the collec-tion and distribution casings of at least the pipes located further outwards with respect to the plurality of ~ubes are d~rected normally to the plane of symmetry of the exchanger. Thus a group of tubes can first be fastened to a pipe after which this entire unit can readily be mounted on a collection and distribution casing respectively by inserting the ends laterally into previously drilled holes of the casing and by welding the same.
The invention will be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a heat-exchanger embodying the invention;
Figure 2 shows a detail of the second distribution stage between a pipe and the tubings;
Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view in detail of the end of a tubing connected to the lower half of a box-shaped element of Figure 2;
Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view in detail of a completed box-shaped element connected to a tubing and to a pipe;
Figure 5 is an elevational view taken on the line V-V in Figure 2, and Figure 6 is a sectional view taken on the line VI-VI in Figure 2.
In the embodiment to be described the heat exchanger comprises a plurality of tubes 1 connected at their upper and lower ends to a distri-bution casing 2 and a collection casing 3 respectively. The tube conduct one medium from the distribution casing 2 towards the collection casing 3, whereas the other medium is guided around the tubes 1 by a surrounding envelope 6. The other medium flows, as shown in Figure 1, from bottom to top in the direction of the arrows Pl so that heat exchange takes place between the two media in counterflow.
The one medium from the casing 2 is divide~ into smaller distri-bution streams before it reaches the tubes 1. These distribution streams are collected stepwise into a main stream entering the collection casing 3.
This distribution or collection i5 done by pipes 7 connected to the casings.
To distribute the partial streams to each pipe second stage connected elements are employed, which are connected to a number of tubings 1. In Figure 1 the pipes 7 and the tubings 1 are indicated only by lines.
Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5 show the second stage element 8 in detail.
The element 8 consists mainly of a flat box formed by two confronting cup-shaped portions 81 and 82 (see Figures 3 and 4), whose edges are joined at 83 in gas-tight manner. In the embodiment shown this is formed by welding.
In the top wall of the upper cup-shaped portion 81 the pipe 7 is centrally fastened so that it opens into the hollow cavity formed by the two cup-shaped portions 81 and 82.
If the heat exchanger employs only a single-walled pipe for the tubes 1, this may be compared with the outermost pipe 11 in Figures 3 and 4, which is secured to the lower cup-shaped portion 82 of the element 8 so that it opens into the hollow cavity of the element 8. From the drawings it will be apparent that in each case three of the tubes 1 are fastened to each element 8, so that the second stage divides the stream from a pipe 7 into three partial streams in the tubes 11, or unites the partial streams from three tubes 11 to a single main stream in the pipe 7.
In the embodiment shown a double-walled tube is used for the tubes 1 rather than a single-walled tube. Thus, within the outer tube 11 is a coaxial ilmer tube 12, through which flows the medium in the envelope 6. For correct guiding the inner tube 12 is extended axially beyond the ends of outer tube 11 so that it projects beyond the wall of the element 8, that is to say, across the cup-shaped element 81 (see Figure 4). Thus the medium Elowing between the tubes 11 and 12 passes through the elements 8 the pipes 8~8 Figures 3 and 4 illustrate the simple mode of mounting, made possible by the element 8. First the cup-shaped portion 82 is welded to the outer tube ~1 of the double-walled tube as is shown in Figure 3. Sub-sequently the upper cup-shaped portion 81 is welded to the inner tube 12, after which the two cup-shaped portions 81 and 82 are joined to form a single element 8 by welding the edge parts at 83. Flnally the pipe 7 can be welded centrally of the cup-shaped portion 81.
The plan view of Figure 5 shows that the element 8 is of essential-ly triangular shape. The sides of the triangle are concave at 84 to an extent such as to follow as far as possible the circumference of the outer tube 11 which has cooling vanes 13 secured thereto (see Figure 2). In this way the medium flowing along the cooling vanes 13 is restricted as little as possible by the element 8, as a result of which the overall resistance of the heat exchanger is lower. Nevertheless owing to this structure the relative flexibility of the tubes is ensured, since the element 8 is thin-walled and the top and bottom walls of the cup-shaped portions 81 and 82 are capable of moving relative to one another.
To facilitate assembly, the ends of the pipes 7 joining the dis-tribution and collection casings respectively are arranged at right angles to the plane of symmetry I-I (see Figure 1). This applies to at least the pipes connected to the outer ones of the bundle of tubes 1. It is now possible first to connect the casings 2 and 3 to the inner pipes 7, after which the outermost pipes 7, which have previously been united with the tubes 1 via the elements 8 can be readily fastened to the casings by sliding the unit laterally at right angles to the plane of symmetry I-I inwardly and by welding it.
Within the scope of the invention other arrangements of the various elements are possible. Each pipe 7 may co-operate with more than three tubes of the tube bundle 1, the shape of the distribution element 8 being adapted accordingly. Furthermore the pipes 7 may be proportioned so that all of the elements 8 are located at the same level, and not alternat~ with one another, as shown in Figure 1.
. ,
I'he invention relates to a heat exchanger comprising at least one bundle of parallel tubes for a fluid medium, the tubes being connected at one end to a distribution casing and at the other end to a collection casing.
~n envelope around the tubes guides a second fluid medium around the tubes.
A distribution stage and a collection stage each comprising a plurality of elements is arranged between the tubes and the distribution casing and the collection casing respectively. The first medium evenly divided into dis-tribution streams and/or these distribution streams are evenly united to a main stream. The elements forming a distribution stage or collection stage are constructed in the form of thin-walled boxes.
The aim of the invention is an improved heat excha~ger having a thin-walled, box-shaped element which forms part of a distribution stage. In the heat exchanger referred to above the box-shaped element is included in the first distribution stage, which directly communicates with the distri-bution or collecting casing respectively. However, these box~shaped elements can be mounted only with difficulty in large size heat exchangers.
The invention has for its object to improve the heat exchanger whilst maintaining a comparatively light-weight, flexible structure which is capable of readily accommodating the stresses produced by the high temperature variations encountered in operation.
The invention provides a heat exchanger comprising delivery and collection casings for a first fluid medium, means for conducting the first medium from the delivery casing to the collection casing and comprising a dis-tribution stage connected to the delivery casing, a plurality of tubes con-nected to the distribution stage, and a collection stage connected between the plurality of tubes and the collection casing, and an envelope which surrounds the distribution stage, the plurality of tubes, and the collection stage and through which, in use, a second fluid medium flows in indirect heat exchange relationship with the first medium in the tubes, at least one of the distri-bution and collection stages comprising a number of pipes which lead from the corresponding casing, and a similar number of manifolds each of which connects ; one of the pipes to a group formed by at least two of the tubes, each of the manifolds comprising a pair of oppositely .
;i8 facing cup-shaped thin walled ilexible members, the edges of which are joined in a gas-tight manner to form a manifold having spaced apart sub-stantially parallel walls with a pipe being connected to one of said walls and the tubes forming a group of tubes being connected to the other of said walls.
With a view to simple assembly, the ends connected to the collec-tion and distribution casings of at least the pipes located further outwards with respect to the plurality of ~ubes are d~rected normally to the plane of symmetry of the exchanger. Thus a group of tubes can first be fastened to a pipe after which this entire unit can readily be mounted on a collection and distribution casing respectively by inserting the ends laterally into previously drilled holes of the casing and by welding the same.
The invention will be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a heat-exchanger embodying the invention;
Figure 2 shows a detail of the second distribution stage between a pipe and the tubings;
Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view in detail of the end of a tubing connected to the lower half of a box-shaped element of Figure 2;
Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view in detail of a completed box-shaped element connected to a tubing and to a pipe;
Figure 5 is an elevational view taken on the line V-V in Figure 2, and Figure 6 is a sectional view taken on the line VI-VI in Figure 2.
In the embodiment to be described the heat exchanger comprises a plurality of tubes 1 connected at their upper and lower ends to a distri-bution casing 2 and a collection casing 3 respectively. The tube conduct one medium from the distribution casing 2 towards the collection casing 3, whereas the other medium is guided around the tubes 1 by a surrounding envelope 6. The other medium flows, as shown in Figure 1, from bottom to top in the direction of the arrows Pl so that heat exchange takes place between the two media in counterflow.
The one medium from the casing 2 is divide~ into smaller distri-bution streams before it reaches the tubes 1. These distribution streams are collected stepwise into a main stream entering the collection casing 3.
This distribution or collection i5 done by pipes 7 connected to the casings.
To distribute the partial streams to each pipe second stage connected elements are employed, which are connected to a number of tubings 1. In Figure 1 the pipes 7 and the tubings 1 are indicated only by lines.
Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5 show the second stage element 8 in detail.
The element 8 consists mainly of a flat box formed by two confronting cup-shaped portions 81 and 82 (see Figures 3 and 4), whose edges are joined at 83 in gas-tight manner. In the embodiment shown this is formed by welding.
In the top wall of the upper cup-shaped portion 81 the pipe 7 is centrally fastened so that it opens into the hollow cavity formed by the two cup-shaped portions 81 and 82.
If the heat exchanger employs only a single-walled pipe for the tubes 1, this may be compared with the outermost pipe 11 in Figures 3 and 4, which is secured to the lower cup-shaped portion 82 of the element 8 so that it opens into the hollow cavity of the element 8. From the drawings it will be apparent that in each case three of the tubes 1 are fastened to each element 8, so that the second stage divides the stream from a pipe 7 into three partial streams in the tubes 11, or unites the partial streams from three tubes 11 to a single main stream in the pipe 7.
In the embodiment shown a double-walled tube is used for the tubes 1 rather than a single-walled tube. Thus, within the outer tube 11 is a coaxial ilmer tube 12, through which flows the medium in the envelope 6. For correct guiding the inner tube 12 is extended axially beyond the ends of outer tube 11 so that it projects beyond the wall of the element 8, that is to say, across the cup-shaped element 81 (see Figure 4). Thus the medium Elowing between the tubes 11 and 12 passes through the elements 8 the pipes 8~8 Figures 3 and 4 illustrate the simple mode of mounting, made possible by the element 8. First the cup-shaped portion 82 is welded to the outer tube ~1 of the double-walled tube as is shown in Figure 3. Sub-sequently the upper cup-shaped portion 81 is welded to the inner tube 12, after which the two cup-shaped portions 81 and 82 are joined to form a single element 8 by welding the edge parts at 83. Flnally the pipe 7 can be welded centrally of the cup-shaped portion 81.
The plan view of Figure 5 shows that the element 8 is of essential-ly triangular shape. The sides of the triangle are concave at 84 to an extent such as to follow as far as possible the circumference of the outer tube 11 which has cooling vanes 13 secured thereto (see Figure 2). In this way the medium flowing along the cooling vanes 13 is restricted as little as possible by the element 8, as a result of which the overall resistance of the heat exchanger is lower. Nevertheless owing to this structure the relative flexibility of the tubes is ensured, since the element 8 is thin-walled and the top and bottom walls of the cup-shaped portions 81 and 82 are capable of moving relative to one another.
To facilitate assembly, the ends of the pipes 7 joining the dis-tribution and collection casings respectively are arranged at right angles to the plane of symmetry I-I (see Figure 1). This applies to at least the pipes connected to the outer ones of the bundle of tubes 1. It is now possible first to connect the casings 2 and 3 to the inner pipes 7, after which the outermost pipes 7, which have previously been united with the tubes 1 via the elements 8 can be readily fastened to the casings by sliding the unit laterally at right angles to the plane of symmetry I-I inwardly and by welding it.
Within the scope of the invention other arrangements of the various elements are possible. Each pipe 7 may co-operate with more than three tubes of the tube bundle 1, the shape of the distribution element 8 being adapted accordingly. Furthermore the pipes 7 may be proportioned so that all of the elements 8 are located at the same level, and not alternat~ with one another, as shown in Figure 1.
. ,
Claims (5)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A heat exchanger comprising delivery and collection casings for a first fluid medium, means for conducting the first medium from the delivery casing to the collection casing and comprising a distribution stage connected to the delivery casing, a plurality of tubes connected to the distribution stage, and a collection stage connected between the plurality of tubes and the collection casing, and an envelope which surrounds distribution stage, the plurality of tubes, and the collection stage and through which, in use, a second fluid medium flows in indirect heat exchange relationship with the first medium in the tubes, at least one of the distribution and collection stages comprising a number of pipes which lead from the corresponding casing, and a similar number of manifolds each of which connects one of the pipes to a group formed by at least two of the tubes, each of the manifolds comprising a pair of oppositely facing cup-shaped thin-walled flexible members, the edges of which are joined in a gas-tight manner to form a manifold having spaced apart substantially parallel walls with a pipe being connected to one of said walls and the tubes forming a group of tubes being connected to the other of said walls.
2. A heat exchanger according to claim 1, in which each of the manifolds has a three-sided shape and has three tubes connected to it, the tubes opening into the manifold near the three corners, and the pipe opening substantially centrally into the manifold.
3. A heat exchanger according to claim 2, in which each of the three sides of the manifold is concave towards the centre of the manifold.
4. A heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in which each of the tubes connected to a manifold comprises an outer tube which has an inner tube extending coaxially through it, the outer tube opening into the manifold and the inner tube extending through the manifold so that it opens outside the manifold beyond the wall through which the pipe opens, whereby, in use, the first medium flows between the inner and outer tubes, and the second medium flows both outside the outer tube and through the inner tube.
5. A heat exchanger according to claim 1, 2 or 3, in which the heat exchanger has a plane of symmetry extending through the collection and distribution casings, and at least those pipes communicating with outer groups of the tubes have their ends connected to the distribution or collection casing at right angles to the plane of symmetry of the heat exchanger.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA308,769A CA1109858A (en) | 1978-08-04 | 1978-08-04 | Tubing heat exchanger |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA308,769A CA1109858A (en) | 1978-08-04 | 1978-08-04 | Tubing heat exchanger |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1109858A true CA1109858A (en) | 1981-09-29 |
Family
ID=4112065
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA308,769A Expired CA1109858A (en) | 1978-08-04 | 1978-08-04 | Tubing heat exchanger |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1109858A (en) |
-
1978
- 1978-08-04 CA CA308,769A patent/CA1109858A/en not_active Expired
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |