CA1109804A - Apparatus for the removal of oil from an oil in water emulsion - Google Patents
Apparatus for the removal of oil from an oil in water emulsionInfo
- Publication number
- CA1109804A CA1109804A CA298,881A CA298881A CA1109804A CA 1109804 A CA1109804 A CA 1109804A CA 298881 A CA298881 A CA 298881A CA 1109804 A CA1109804 A CA 1109804A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- barrier
- socks
- stream
- vessel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An apparatus is provided for the removal of oil from an effluent stream consisting of a dispersion of oil in water The main feature of the apparatus is a plurality of socks through the walls of which the effluent stream passes; the socks being of a fibrous material, preferably a melded epitropic fabric, which causes coalescence of the dispersed oil droplets The coalesced oil floats to the surface and can be conveniently removed by, for example, a sludge gulper.
An apparatus is provided for the removal of oil from an effluent stream consisting of a dispersion of oil in water The main feature of the apparatus is a plurality of socks through the walls of which the effluent stream passes; the socks being of a fibrous material, preferably a melded epitropic fabric, which causes coalescence of the dispersed oil droplets The coalesced oil floats to the surface and can be conveniently removed by, for example, a sludge gulper.
Description
The present invention concerns the removal of oil from an oil in water emulsion, In particular it relates to an apparatus for the removal of oil from an efflllent stream consisting of an oil in water emulsion, It also relates to a process for removing oil from an oil in water emulsion.
According to the present invention we provide an apparatus for the removal of oil ~rom an oil in water emul-sion which comprises a vessel, inlet means for introducing the effluent stream into the vessel on one side of a per-forated barrier extending across the vessel, porous sockssealed in a water-tight manner into each of the perforations in the barrier in such a manner that the socks protrude from the barrier on the downstream side thereof, said socks causing coalescence of the emulsified oil droplets as the emulsion passes therethrough, means located downstream of the barrier for removing coalesced oil droplets from the stream and out-let means through which the stream can leave the vessel, The vessel may have a rectangular cross section or it may have a cylindrical or part cylindrical cross-section.
Alternatively it may merely have an undefined curved or other cross section, The vessel may be made from either a metallic, plastics or a cementitious material.
Preferably the apparatus is provided with means, located upstream of the barrier, for removing solids from the effluent stream before it is passed through the socks, other-wise the interstices in the walls of the socks may block with solids. The means for removing solids, which may be either located in the vessel or externally of the vessel, may comprise a coarse screen and/or a settlement zone, In general a coarse screen will serve to remove large par-8~4 ticles present in the effluent stream and a settlement zonewill serve to remove silt and other dense, finely-divided, solids present in the effluent stream The barrier may be constructed from any suitable material When the barrier is a permanent fixture in the vessel, then conveniently the barrier i9 constructed from a plastics material, a metallic material or concrete When the barrier is in the form of a removable penstock it may be constructed from a metallic material, a composite material or a plastics material.
In a preferred apparatus, the barrier takes ~he form of a plurality of stoplogs stacked one above the other.
In practice it may only be necessary to provide perforations in the lower, say two or three, stoplogs in the stack, the remaining stoplogs being imperforate and serving to accommodate the pressure head loss across the barrier. The use of barrier comprising a stack of stoplogs offers a number of advantages They are cheaper and can be removed more easily than other above-mentioned types of barrier. They also allow greater flexibility in operation, for example the throughput of oil in water emulsion, separation efficiency or life-time~ can be increased by replacing imperforate stoplogs with sock-carrying stoplogs Irrespective of the nature of the barrier used in the apparatus, it will be provided with aplurality of, prefer-ably, rectangular perforations having a side length of the order of 90 mmO
The socks have a shape resembling a test tube by which we mean that they are closed at one end and open at - 30 the other end, the open end of the sock being sealed in a ~ .
8~4 water-tight manner to the barrier either within a perforation or to the periphery of a perforation on the downstream side of the barrier so that the effluent stream flows through the perforations in the ~arrier and then into the socks. It then passes through the walls of the socks and coalescence of oil droplets occurs. Conveniently the socks are easily removed from and easily attached to, the barrier should they need to be replaced.
A feature of the apparatus in use is thatsthe~socks are immersed in the effluent stream, the stream being forced through the walls of the socks by maintaining a difference in hydrostatic head on opposed sides of the barrier. To ensure that the socks are immersed in the effluent stream, the apparatus is provided with means for ensuring that an appropriate water level is maintained. Conveniently this is an outlet spillway with its sill level some distance above the uppermost perforations in the barrier.
The required difference in hydrostatic head will~ of course, ' depend not only on the total surface area of the socks and the required liquid throughput but also on the porosity of the socks. In general with most fibrous structures and with the surface areas envisaged, the difference in hydrostatic head will be in the range of 10 cm to 2000 cm, Accordingly we also provide a process for the removal of oil from an effluent stream of an emulsion of oil in water comprising passing the effluent stream into a vessel and through the walls of a plurallty of socks of a porous material sealed in a water-tight manner in perforations in a barrier extending across the vessel so causing coalescence of oil drop~ets into a form in which it rises to the surface of the stream and re-moving the coalesced oil droplets from the stream, In preference the socks are constructed from melded fibrous structures comprising fibres having particles on their surfaces which exhibit oleophilic and hydrophobic pro-perties, By "melded" is meant a fabric having fibriform structure comprising an assembly of composite filaments which is consolidated by the bonding of the filaments at cross-over points or junctions betweencontiguous filaments, thebonding being achieved by the activation of a potentially ad-hesive component of the composite filaments.
In a preferred apparatus according to the invention we provide means located immediately downstream of the barrier f~r inducing laminar flow in the stream passing through the barrier. Suitable means for this purpose are a series of inclined parallel plates or tubes, Conveniently oil which coalesces when the stream passes through the socks is diverted from the main stream by an underflow weir. Coalesced oil floats to the surface 3\8[)4 and can be removed from time to time by an apparatus for removing coalesced oil which floats to the surface by suction or sXimming Alternatively some other means may be employed for removing the coalesced oil In the accompanying drawing which depicts the apparatus of the invention, Fig. 1 shows in cross-section a divided vessel containing the fabric filter socks of the invention and Fig~ 2 shows an alternative embodiment wherein the vessel has inlet and outlet ports.
The invention will now be described by reference to the following Examples:
An apparatus was constructed in accordance with the invention and as illustrated diagrammatically in longitudinal cross-section in Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings A rectangular cross-section vessel 1 was constructed from concrete and had a width of 1.43 m, a height of 1.365 m and a total length of 14 m. A moveable perforated penstock 2 having the approximate dimensions 1 4 m wide and 2 0 m high and made from 3/4 inch thick blockboard was housed in the vessel~ The penstock was provided with lÇ drilled circular holes 3 (not all shown in Fig. 1) of diameter 9 cms at locations where, with the penstock in position, they would be submerged in the effluent stream to be treated A gasket (not shown) was provided between the penstock and the wall of the vessel A melded fabric wherein the fibres are adhesively bonded at cross-over points, 1l area bonded" of 180 g/square metre, produced from staple fibres of oriented i e drawn sheath/
core heterofilaments in which the core (50% by total weight ~ .
8(~
of the total weight of the filament) was polyethylene tereph-thalate of meltiny point 257OC and the sheath was a copolymer of polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene adipate (85:15 mole ratio) of melting point 220C,was passed through a 2% dispersion of silane coated silica particles (SILANOX 101 Reg TM manufactured by Cabot Corporation) in trichlorethylene.
The dried fabric was passed through a conveyor oven at 240C
at a conveyor speed of 2 metre/minute (oven length 1 3 metres) then cooled and rinsed with water to remove lightly adhering particles.
Socks were made from the above area bonded melded fabric Each sock was made as layflat with a 25 mm wide longitudinal polyethylene bonded lap joint. At the closed end, the top and bottom of the layflat are polyethylene bonded together over a 10 mm wide 170 mm radius curved strip sym-metrical above the layflat centreline. The overall sock length is 850 mm, the circumference of the mouth 355 mm Effective sock area is 0 29 square metres The socks 4 were fixed downstream of the holes in the penstock in a water-tight manner so that the effluent stream, of necessity, had to pass through the walls of the fibrous socks Downstream of the penstock the vessel was provided with an underflow weir 5 through which the treated stream could leave the vessel via an overflow spillway having its sill level some distance above the drilled holes in the pen-stock. The coalesced oil droplets 6 formed a layer 6a on the surface of the stream, from where it could be removed The apparatus was used to treat an effluent stream from surface drainage over a three month period, and the $~ 7 8~4 following xesults were obtained on five, randomly selected, non-consecutive days in that period Average Maximum oil concentration Oil concentration flow flow (ppm) at inlet (ppm) at outlet Day (m3/hr) (m3/ hr) l 30 37 6.1 1.4
According to the present invention we provide an apparatus for the removal of oil ~rom an oil in water emul-sion which comprises a vessel, inlet means for introducing the effluent stream into the vessel on one side of a per-forated barrier extending across the vessel, porous sockssealed in a water-tight manner into each of the perforations in the barrier in such a manner that the socks protrude from the barrier on the downstream side thereof, said socks causing coalescence of the emulsified oil droplets as the emulsion passes therethrough, means located downstream of the barrier for removing coalesced oil droplets from the stream and out-let means through which the stream can leave the vessel, The vessel may have a rectangular cross section or it may have a cylindrical or part cylindrical cross-section.
Alternatively it may merely have an undefined curved or other cross section, The vessel may be made from either a metallic, plastics or a cementitious material.
Preferably the apparatus is provided with means, located upstream of the barrier, for removing solids from the effluent stream before it is passed through the socks, other-wise the interstices in the walls of the socks may block with solids. The means for removing solids, which may be either located in the vessel or externally of the vessel, may comprise a coarse screen and/or a settlement zone, In general a coarse screen will serve to remove large par-8~4 ticles present in the effluent stream and a settlement zonewill serve to remove silt and other dense, finely-divided, solids present in the effluent stream The barrier may be constructed from any suitable material When the barrier is a permanent fixture in the vessel, then conveniently the barrier i9 constructed from a plastics material, a metallic material or concrete When the barrier is in the form of a removable penstock it may be constructed from a metallic material, a composite material or a plastics material.
In a preferred apparatus, the barrier takes ~he form of a plurality of stoplogs stacked one above the other.
In practice it may only be necessary to provide perforations in the lower, say two or three, stoplogs in the stack, the remaining stoplogs being imperforate and serving to accommodate the pressure head loss across the barrier. The use of barrier comprising a stack of stoplogs offers a number of advantages They are cheaper and can be removed more easily than other above-mentioned types of barrier. They also allow greater flexibility in operation, for example the throughput of oil in water emulsion, separation efficiency or life-time~ can be increased by replacing imperforate stoplogs with sock-carrying stoplogs Irrespective of the nature of the barrier used in the apparatus, it will be provided with aplurality of, prefer-ably, rectangular perforations having a side length of the order of 90 mmO
The socks have a shape resembling a test tube by which we mean that they are closed at one end and open at - 30 the other end, the open end of the sock being sealed in a ~ .
8~4 water-tight manner to the barrier either within a perforation or to the periphery of a perforation on the downstream side of the barrier so that the effluent stream flows through the perforations in the ~arrier and then into the socks. It then passes through the walls of the socks and coalescence of oil droplets occurs. Conveniently the socks are easily removed from and easily attached to, the barrier should they need to be replaced.
A feature of the apparatus in use is thatsthe~socks are immersed in the effluent stream, the stream being forced through the walls of the socks by maintaining a difference in hydrostatic head on opposed sides of the barrier. To ensure that the socks are immersed in the effluent stream, the apparatus is provided with means for ensuring that an appropriate water level is maintained. Conveniently this is an outlet spillway with its sill level some distance above the uppermost perforations in the barrier.
The required difference in hydrostatic head will~ of course, ' depend not only on the total surface area of the socks and the required liquid throughput but also on the porosity of the socks. In general with most fibrous structures and with the surface areas envisaged, the difference in hydrostatic head will be in the range of 10 cm to 2000 cm, Accordingly we also provide a process for the removal of oil from an effluent stream of an emulsion of oil in water comprising passing the effluent stream into a vessel and through the walls of a plurallty of socks of a porous material sealed in a water-tight manner in perforations in a barrier extending across the vessel so causing coalescence of oil drop~ets into a form in which it rises to the surface of the stream and re-moving the coalesced oil droplets from the stream, In preference the socks are constructed from melded fibrous structures comprising fibres having particles on their surfaces which exhibit oleophilic and hydrophobic pro-perties, By "melded" is meant a fabric having fibriform structure comprising an assembly of composite filaments which is consolidated by the bonding of the filaments at cross-over points or junctions betweencontiguous filaments, thebonding being achieved by the activation of a potentially ad-hesive component of the composite filaments.
In a preferred apparatus according to the invention we provide means located immediately downstream of the barrier f~r inducing laminar flow in the stream passing through the barrier. Suitable means for this purpose are a series of inclined parallel plates or tubes, Conveniently oil which coalesces when the stream passes through the socks is diverted from the main stream by an underflow weir. Coalesced oil floats to the surface 3\8[)4 and can be removed from time to time by an apparatus for removing coalesced oil which floats to the surface by suction or sXimming Alternatively some other means may be employed for removing the coalesced oil In the accompanying drawing which depicts the apparatus of the invention, Fig. 1 shows in cross-section a divided vessel containing the fabric filter socks of the invention and Fig~ 2 shows an alternative embodiment wherein the vessel has inlet and outlet ports.
The invention will now be described by reference to the following Examples:
An apparatus was constructed in accordance with the invention and as illustrated diagrammatically in longitudinal cross-section in Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings A rectangular cross-section vessel 1 was constructed from concrete and had a width of 1.43 m, a height of 1.365 m and a total length of 14 m. A moveable perforated penstock 2 having the approximate dimensions 1 4 m wide and 2 0 m high and made from 3/4 inch thick blockboard was housed in the vessel~ The penstock was provided with lÇ drilled circular holes 3 (not all shown in Fig. 1) of diameter 9 cms at locations where, with the penstock in position, they would be submerged in the effluent stream to be treated A gasket (not shown) was provided between the penstock and the wall of the vessel A melded fabric wherein the fibres are adhesively bonded at cross-over points, 1l area bonded" of 180 g/square metre, produced from staple fibres of oriented i e drawn sheath/
core heterofilaments in which the core (50% by total weight ~ .
8(~
of the total weight of the filament) was polyethylene tereph-thalate of meltiny point 257OC and the sheath was a copolymer of polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene adipate (85:15 mole ratio) of melting point 220C,was passed through a 2% dispersion of silane coated silica particles (SILANOX 101 Reg TM manufactured by Cabot Corporation) in trichlorethylene.
The dried fabric was passed through a conveyor oven at 240C
at a conveyor speed of 2 metre/minute (oven length 1 3 metres) then cooled and rinsed with water to remove lightly adhering particles.
Socks were made from the above area bonded melded fabric Each sock was made as layflat with a 25 mm wide longitudinal polyethylene bonded lap joint. At the closed end, the top and bottom of the layflat are polyethylene bonded together over a 10 mm wide 170 mm radius curved strip sym-metrical above the layflat centreline. The overall sock length is 850 mm, the circumference of the mouth 355 mm Effective sock area is 0 29 square metres The socks 4 were fixed downstream of the holes in the penstock in a water-tight manner so that the effluent stream, of necessity, had to pass through the walls of the fibrous socks Downstream of the penstock the vessel was provided with an underflow weir 5 through which the treated stream could leave the vessel via an overflow spillway having its sill level some distance above the drilled holes in the pen-stock. The coalesced oil droplets 6 formed a layer 6a on the surface of the stream, from where it could be removed The apparatus was used to treat an effluent stream from surface drainage over a three month period, and the $~ 7 8~4 following xesults were obtained on five, randomly selected, non-consecutive days in that period Average Maximum oil concentration Oil concentration flow flow (ppm) at inlet (ppm) at outlet Day (m3/hr) (m3/ hr) l 30 37 6.1 1.4
2 28 28 110 2 7
3 86 597 5.3 2 2
4 39 100 38 4 6 28 28 ll 0 2 An apparatus was constructed in accordance wîth the invention and as illustrated diagrammatically in cross-section in Fig. 2 of the accompanying drawings.
A circular cross-section tank 7 was constructed from steel and had a diameter of 2 6 metres and a total length 6 metres. Flanged pipes 8,9 were fitted to either end of the tank to allow flow of water in and out of the tank Part of the tank roof 10 was removed to allow access into the tank Within the tank a frame tnot shown) was constructed which held a series of stoplogs 11 which could be slid in and out of the frame. Each stoplog had a width of 1500 mm and a .. . .
depth of 300 mm. Up to 7 stoplogs could be slid into position at any given time, The bottom 3 logs wexe each prov;ided with 8 square holes (not all shown in Fig. 2) of side length 90 mm Rubber sealing gaskets (not shown) were provided between each stoplog and the frame attached to the tank wall.
An area bonded melded fabric of 180 g/square metre, produced from staple fibres of oriented i.e drawn sheath/core heterofilaments in which the core (50% by total weight of the . ~
8C~
to~al weight of the filament) was polyethylene terephthalate of melting point 257C and the sheath was acopolymer of poly-ethylene terephthalate and polyethylene adipate (85:15 mole ratio) of melting point 22C, was passed through a 2% dis-persion of silane coated silica particles (SILANOX lOl Reg, - TM manufactured by Cabot Corporation) in trichloethylene, The dried fabric was passed through a conveyor oven at 2400C
at a conveyor speed of 2 metre/minute (oven length 1.3 metres) then cooled and rinsed with water to remove lightly adhering particles, Socks 12 were made from the above area bonded melded fabric, Each sock was made from a sheet l m long and 0~54 m wide, first forming a tube by sewing the edges and then closing the bottom of the tube by sewing. The overall sock length was 1 m and the diameter of the mouth was 160 mm. Effective sock area was 0,50 square metres, ~ he socks were fixed downstream of the holes in the stoplogs in a watertight manner as mentioned above so that the effluent stream, of necessity, has to pass through the walls of the fibrous socks, Downstream of the barrier the apparatus was provided with an underflow weir 13 through which the treated stream could leave the channel via an overflow spillway 14 having its sill level some distance above the drilled holes in the penstock, The coalesced oil droplets 15 formed a layer 15a on the surface of the stream, from where it could be removed, The apparatus was used to treat an effluent stream from surface drainage and produced a final effluent containin~
no visible oil.
..~, ;,~", , ~ 3.
3 .
A circular cross-section tank 7 was constructed from steel and had a diameter of 2 6 metres and a total length 6 metres. Flanged pipes 8,9 were fitted to either end of the tank to allow flow of water in and out of the tank Part of the tank roof 10 was removed to allow access into the tank Within the tank a frame tnot shown) was constructed which held a series of stoplogs 11 which could be slid in and out of the frame. Each stoplog had a width of 1500 mm and a .. . .
depth of 300 mm. Up to 7 stoplogs could be slid into position at any given time, The bottom 3 logs wexe each prov;ided with 8 square holes (not all shown in Fig. 2) of side length 90 mm Rubber sealing gaskets (not shown) were provided between each stoplog and the frame attached to the tank wall.
An area bonded melded fabric of 180 g/square metre, produced from staple fibres of oriented i.e drawn sheath/core heterofilaments in which the core (50% by total weight of the . ~
8C~
to~al weight of the filament) was polyethylene terephthalate of melting point 257C and the sheath was acopolymer of poly-ethylene terephthalate and polyethylene adipate (85:15 mole ratio) of melting point 22C, was passed through a 2% dis-persion of silane coated silica particles (SILANOX lOl Reg, - TM manufactured by Cabot Corporation) in trichloethylene, The dried fabric was passed through a conveyor oven at 2400C
at a conveyor speed of 2 metre/minute (oven length 1.3 metres) then cooled and rinsed with water to remove lightly adhering particles, Socks 12 were made from the above area bonded melded fabric, Each sock was made from a sheet l m long and 0~54 m wide, first forming a tube by sewing the edges and then closing the bottom of the tube by sewing. The overall sock length was 1 m and the diameter of the mouth was 160 mm. Effective sock area was 0,50 square metres, ~ he socks were fixed downstream of the holes in the stoplogs in a watertight manner as mentioned above so that the effluent stream, of necessity, has to pass through the walls of the fibrous socks, Downstream of the barrier the apparatus was provided with an underflow weir 13 through which the treated stream could leave the channel via an overflow spillway 14 having its sill level some distance above the drilled holes in the penstock, The coalesced oil droplets 15 formed a layer 15a on the surface of the stream, from where it could be removed, The apparatus was used to treat an effluent stream from surface drainage and produced a final effluent containin~
no visible oil.
..~, ;,~", , ~ 3.
3 .
Claims (7)
1. An apparatus for the removal of oil from oil in water emulsion which comprises a vessel, inlet means for introducing the effluent stream into the vessel on one side of a perforated barrier extending across the vessel, porous socks comprising a melded fibrous structure wherein the fibres have particles on their surfaces which exhibit oleophilic and hydrophilic properties, said socks being sealed in a water-tight manner into each of the perforations in the barrier in such a manner that the socks protrude from the barrier on the downstream side thereof, said socks causing coalescence of the emulsified oil droplets as the emulsion passes there-through, means located downstream of the barrier for removing coalesced oil droplets from the stream and outlet means through which the stream can leave the vessel.
2. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 1 provided with means, located upstream of the barrier, for removing solids from the effluent stream before it is passed through the socks.
3. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 1 in which the barrier is a plurality of stoplogs stacked one above the other.
4. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 1 provided with a means, located downstream of the barrier, for inducing laminar flow in the stream.
5. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 1 provided with an underflow weir for diverting coalesced oil from the main stream.
6, An apparatus as claimed in Claim 1 provided with means for removing floating coalesced oil by suction or skimming.
7. A process for the removal of oil from an effluent stream consisting of an emulsion of oil in water which comprises passing the effluent stream into a vessel and through the walls of a plurality of socks of a porous material sealed in a watertight manner in perforations in a barrier extending across the vessel so causing coalescence of oil droplets into a form in which it rises to the surface of the stream and removing the coalesced oil droplets from the stream.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB10857/77 | 1977-03-15 | ||
| GB1085777A GB1601339A (en) | 1977-03-15 | 1977-03-15 | Apparatus for removal of oil from oil in water emulsion |
| GB43281/77 | 1977-10-18 | ||
| GB4328177 | 1977-10-18 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1109804A true CA1109804A (en) | 1981-09-29 |
Family
ID=26247807
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA298,881A Expired CA1109804A (en) | 1977-03-15 | 1978-03-14 | Apparatus for the removal of oil from an oil in water emulsion |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1109804A (en) |
-
1978
- 1978-03-14 CA CA298,881A patent/CA1109804A/en not_active Expired
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |