CA1107711A - Rock-breaking tool for percussive-action machine - Google Patents

Rock-breaking tool for percussive-action machine

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Publication number
CA1107711A
CA1107711A CA329,777A CA329777A CA1107711A CA 1107711 A CA1107711 A CA 1107711A CA 329777 A CA329777 A CA 329777A CA 1107711 A CA1107711 A CA 1107711A
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CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
rock
casing
chamber
tool
duct
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
CA329,777A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Boris V. Sudnishnikov
Veniamin V. Kamensky
Eduard P. Varnello
Sergei K. Tupitsyn
Konstantin K. Tupitsyn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Institut Gornogo dela Sibirskogo Otdelenia Akademii Nauk SSSR
Original Assignee
Institut Gornogo dela Sibirskogo Otdelenia Akademii Nauk SSSR
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Institut Gornogo dela Sibirskogo Otdelenia Akademii Nauk SSSR filed Critical Institut Gornogo dela Sibirskogo Otdelenia Akademii Nauk SSSR
Priority to CA329,777A priority Critical patent/CA1107711A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA1107711A publication Critical patent/CA1107711A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

ROCK-BREAKING TOOL FOR PERCUSSIVE ACTION MACHINES A rock-breaking tool for preferable use in self-propelled percussive machines for boring wells, comprising a casing with a pointed portion and an end face. The casing has an annular cutting edge formed by the pointed portion and inner tapered surface thereof. The casing is formed with a cone-shaped chamber open at the end face thereof, oriented toward the bottom of a well being drilled, the internal surface of the chamber intersecting with the conical surface of the annular cutting edge. The casing is also provided with ducts communicating the chamber with the surrounding space.

Description

1~7711 BACEGROUND OF THE I~IVE~TION

1. Field o~ the Invention The invention relates to machines for boring wells in rocks and more particularly to rock-breaking tools of selĂ®-propelled percussive-action machines ~o~ borin~ wells.
~ he present invention can advantageously be employed for boring wells in brittle rock o~ low toughness, fox ex-ample, frozen 50il of high toughness, coal and others.
The tool according to the invention can be used iQ min-ing, construction and where~er it is necessary to bore a deep well in tight ~uarters, ~or example, in mines where it i9 often di~icult if not impossible to employ tubular rock-breaking tools, drills and augers with attendant bulky drilling equip-ment.
2~ Description of the Prior Art ~ here is widely k~own a rock-breaking tool ~orm~d with a hollow cylinder having at one end an anvil block, and at the other end, the one oriented toward the bottom of a ~^~ell bein~
drilled, arL annular cutt~ng edge. Such a tool is termed a drill for making holes in Yarious elements of buil~ing structures.
The principle of operatLon of the abov~ rock-breaking tool consists in that the tool indents itself i~to an element o~ a ~uilding structu~e under the action of imp3cts ~rom a head o~

~ ..

1~ 77 ~ 1 a hand hammer or a hammer of a percussive-action machine, formin" a core in its c~lindrical cavity in the process.
When the tool is wit~drawn from the hole it drilled, the core is r~moved fro~ the cylindrical cavity by stri~ing against the cylinder, Ho~ver, such a roc~-breaking tool is inef~ective in boring ~7iells 50 m and more-deep.
T~is is explain-~d by that borin~ o~ ~eep wells requires a rock-breaking tool o~ a length equal to the depth o~ a well ~ei~g bore~.
~ he great length of the rock-breaking tool increases its ~eight proportionally. A considerabl~ increase o~ the vJeight Sharply decreases the impact trans~er ~actor in the "tool-ham-mer" system at constant operatio~al parameters o~ the percus-sive-action machine. A sharp drop in the impact transfer ~act-or in the "tool-hammer" system ma~es the tool practically in-capable o~ boring a well.
I~ addition, the great length ol the rock-breaking ~ool adversely af~ects its service char~cteristics ~ransportation, a~sembly/disassembly, play in pipe connections impairing rigi-dity, deviatio~s o~ bored wells and other~).
~ here is also k~own anothe~ rock-~reaking tool ~or perc~s-sive-actio~ m~ch~nes to ~ore wells i~ ~rozen soil (see, ~or ~xampLe, the Author's Certi~icate of the U~S~ ~o. 293~3~2~

77~

This rock-breaking tool is a cylindrical casing carry-ing on its top end an anYil block, and at the end facin~ the bottom o~ a ~ell bein~ drilled, an annular cutting edge, which is formed with intersecting conical surfaces. The casing is ~ormed with a cylindrical chamber for receiving broken rock (core), the chamber com~unic~ting with an orifice in a late~al cylindrical wall o~ the c~sing ~or removing $he core ~rom the chamber into the space surrounding the casin~. The height at which the orifice for removing the core from the casing is lo-cated in the wall o~ the casing is approximately equal to the speci~ied depth of bored wells and ranges bet~/een 4 and 6 m. ~o direct the core ~rom the cavity inside the c~sing into the ori-~ice in the wall o~ the casin~, the cylindrical part of the ca-vity contains a curvilinear partition which delimits the cavity in the top portion o~ the casing so ~orming a workin~ cavity which faces the ~Jell bottom and accom~odates the core. The cur-vilinear partition is intended for ~hanp,ing the direction of the core motion ~hrough 90.
The above rock-breaking t901 operates i~ the manner below ~ t~hen the anvil ~lock o~ tne rock-breaking tool receives impact pulses from the hammer o~ the impact-action machine, the tool inden-ts itsel~ by its ann~llar cutting edge into rock to par~ly breal~ i t o~ in the zone o~ the ed~e. hs the tool progressi~ely indents itsel~ into rock, the chamber in the ca-11~77~

sing gradually fills with the resultant core ~hich advancestoward the curvilinear ~artition a~d the ori~ice in the wall o~ the casinp,. Once the chamber o~ the ca3ing is filled with the core, the rock-breaking tool is extracted and placed at a point o~ drilling the next well. As a new well is bored in the aforesaid manner, broken rock ~ormed~in the new well will displace the core ~rom the ~irst well due to translational mo-tion of the rock-brea~ing tool, ~hen a new vlell is bored to a previously speclfied depth, the core from the preceding well is completely displ~ced by the core from the second well.
Once boring is completed, the tool is tapped transversal-ly, and the core slides out by gravity ~rom the chamber.
All these rock-brea~ing tools are not suitable f or prac-tical use in boring of deep wells in low-tou~h rock and car, be used only in con3unction with bulLy equipment, such as die-sel hammers. Additionally, they cannot be employed in sel~-propelled percussive-action machines because the core they cut does not pass tnrougn tne narro~ annulus betuJeen the casing o~ the sel~-propelled percussive-action machine and the well wal~ oreover, the core simply butts again~t the well wall when ~orced out o~ the casing chamber, S~ IARY O~ ~H~ IO~T
It ~s there~ore an sbaect o~ the invention to provide a rock-brea~ing tool with an annular cutting edge suita~le ~or use in sel~-propel~ng percussive-action m~cnines ~or boring ~ 77 deep wells.
The above an~ other objects are attained in a rock-break-ing tool, preferably inten~ed for a self-propelled percussive-action ~achine for borting wells, comprising a casing ~ormed with a ch~m~er open at t~3e end ~ace thereo~, oriented toward the bottom of a viell beinf~ drilled, a part Q~ the cas.ing in-tended i'or breaking the oo~tom is polnted and forms ~n annul~r cutting edge havi~g an internal conical surface, the casing be~
in~ provided iJith ducts communicating the chamber o~ the cas-ing ~ith the atmosphere and intended ~or re~oving rock debris from the chamber of the casing, according to the invention, the casing chamber is formed as a cone w~ose base is oriented to-ward the bottom of the well.
The application of the rock-bre~king tool according to the inve~tion in a self-propel.le~l percussive-action ~or borin~
wells brings do~n the cost of boring as compared to similar ma-chin~s.
It is p~e~erable that the ca~sing o~ the rock-breaking tool acco~din~ to the invention i3 formed ~ith the ducts communicat-in~ the chamber the~eo~ with the sp_ce surrounding the c~vi~y and intended for removin~ rock debris so that the inlets o~ the ducts are oriented toward the bottom OL th~ ~ell be-Lng bored.
T~e ducts so constructed lo,Jer the resistance to the mo-~ion trlerein o~ rock debris and so prevent the bloc~lng o~ the 7'7~

casing chamber and the ducts by rock debris.
It is also advisable, when boring wells in specified rock to provide the rock-breaking tool with a rock-breaking rod axially arranged inside the charnber of the casing.
The provision of the roc~-breakiny rod in the tool enables the tool to break up high-toughness inclusions en-countered in rock.
The rock-breaking tool can be made so that the external surface of the annular cutting edge and the adjoining part of the casing are cylindrical.
Such construction of the rock-hreaking tool pre~ents self-jar~ning thereof while being withdrawn from the well and ensures a longer service life of the annular cutting edge. It is also advantageous to provide the casing with a toothed crown intended for secondary breaking of rock debris to frag-ments of a specified size and located outside the casing be-yond the outlets of the ducts for removing rock debris.
To raise the boring rate and prevent the rock-break-ing tool against jamming by rock debris, it is good practice to provide in the body of the casing with ducts corrnnunicating with the charnber in the casing for blowing the bottom of a well being drilled.
In one aspect of the invention, there is provided a rock breaking tool for use with a self propelled percussive action boring machine comprising a casing having a rear end portion for attachment to the machine and a hollow forward end portion terrninating in a continuous annular cutting edge, said forward end portion including a first internal frusto-conical surface defining said cutting edge, a second internal frusto-conical surface extending rear~ardly and inwardly from said first frusto-conical surface, said second surface defin-ing an internal rock-collecting cham~er and at least one duct in said forward end portion connecting said charnber with the exterior of the casing, said duct having an opening in said second surface and said duct extending outwardly and rear-wardly from said opening.
In a further aspect of the invention~ there is ~p 'J -7-provided in a percussive action boring machine including a housing and a reciprocating hammer for transmitting impact pulses to said housing, the improvement comprising a rock breaking tool mounted on a forward end of said housing for receiving impact pulses from said hammer, said tool including a casing having a rear end portion attached to said housing and a hollow forward end portion terminating in a continuous annular cutting edge, said forward end portion including a first internal frusto-conical surface defining said cutting edge, a second internal frusto-conical surface extending rear-wardly and inwardly from said first frusto~conical surface, said second surface defining an internal rock collecting chamber and at least one duct in said forward end portion connecting said chamber with the exterior of said casing, said duct having an opening in said second surface and said duct extending outwardly and rearwardly from said opening.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
These and other objects and features of the invention become readily apparent from one embodiment thereof which will -7a-~ 7'~i now be described by way of example with reference to the ac-companying drawings, in ~hich:
FIG. 1 is a rock-brea~ing tool, made according to the invention, mounted on a sel~-propelled peI~cussive-action ma-chine for boring ~ells, longitudinal ~iew with partial sec-tion;
FIG, 2 is longitudinal view with partial section of a rock-breaking tool, accor~ing to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a view along arrow "A" on FIG. 2;
~ IG. 4 is a rock-breaking tool of a sel~-propelled per-cussive-action machine incorporating a rock-breaking rod inside tne chamber of the casing;
~ IG. ~ is a rock-`~reaking tool wherein the external sur-~ace of the annular cutting edge and o~ the external sur~ace o~ the ad~oining part of the casing are cylindrical;
FIG, 6 is a rock-breaking tool provided Y~ith a toothed crown outside the casin6;
FIG, 7 is a section on line VII-VII o~ FIG. 6.

D~SCRIPTI~N O~ PR~F~R~D E~.BOD~ T
~or easy understanding, examples o~ embodiments o~ the present invention, illustrated in t~le appended drawings, are described usin~ a specific naxrow terminolo~ owever, it should be borne in mind that each such term covers all equi-~alent eleme~ts operating in a slmilar manner a~d em~loyed ~or 7~1 performin~ the same functions.
A self-propelled percussive-action machine for bori~g ~ells, presented on FIG. 1, has a casing 1 whicn accommodates a ham~er ~ designed for reciprocating movement and transmittin~
impact pulses to a ~ront part 3 of t~e casing 1, whereon a rock--breakin~.tool 4 ls mounted. A back part ~ of the casing 1 car-ries a device ~ designed ~or radial yieldi~g to prevent the machine ~oving away from the bottom when a ~Jell is being bored.
~he rock-breaking tool 4 can be mounte~ in the ~ront part o~
the CaSiGg ~or a~ial movement so that the ha~mer 2 will simul-taneous~y strike against the end face o~ the tool 4 and the ~ront part 3 o~ the casing 1.
The rock-breaking tool, shown in FIG. 2 and denoted in t~e general view on FIG. 1 as item 4, has a casing 7 formed with a chamber 8 open at the end face o~ the casing 7 and ori-ented toward the bottom o~ a well being bored. ~ part 9 of the casing 7, intended for breaking up the well bottom, is pointed and forms an annular cutting edge 10 (FIGo 33 with an internal conical sur~ace 11 (~I~. 2). Tn addition, t~e casing 7 is pro-~ided with at ~east two ducts 12 for a ~orced displacement of ~ragmented rock from cavity 8 into the ~pace ~urrounding the casing 7. T~e cham~er 8 is formed as a cone with a rounded-of~
~op whose base is presented to the bottom of a well ~eing ~rilled.
A top part o~ the casing 7 haS a seating cone ~4 which is insert-ed into the ~ront part 3 of the sel~-propelled percussive-actio~ machine (FIG. 1) when the tool 4 is put i~to operation.

O~ERATION
.
The above rock-breaking tool 4 operates in conjunction with the self-propelled percussive-action machine in the man-ner below.
Compressed air supplied to the self-propelled percussive-action machine causes the hammer 2 (FIG. 1) to recipxocate in the casing 1 and strike against the front part 3 o~ the casing 1 or directly against ~he rock-breaking tool 4 and the front part 3 of the casi ng 1.
The impact pulses transferred by the hammer 2 to the tool 4 will force the annular cutting edge 10 thereo4 to indent it-self into rock. As the annular cutting edge 10 has an internal conical surface 11, the rock being broken will be subject to a complicated state of stresses due to compression and shear-ing de~ormation.
Indentatio~ of the annular cutting edge 10 to a specified depth results in breakage of the whole section ~ the well bot-tom area.
Broken rock is composed of particles of various sizes which are forced (for example, by jets of air or a water-air mixture) out of the chamber 8 in the casing 7 through the duct~

i~771i 12 into the space surrounding the casing 7. ~irst to be removed from the chamber ~ are the smallest grains of rock debris and particles whose maximu~ cross sectional dimensions are less than the diameter of the ducts 12. ~s the rock-breaki~g tool 4 pene-trates into rock, coarser particles accumulate in the chamber 8 until it is ~ull. As the rock-breaking tool 4 reciprocates in the well in ~he process of bori~g, the coarser particles inter-act viith one another a~d the conical sur~ace ~f the chamber 8 to disintegrate to smaller ~ragments, Y~hich are capable of pass-ing through the ducts 12. This mar~s the onset of steady-state borin~ conditions.
T~e introduction o~ the rock-breaking tool according to ~he in~ention in conjunction with a self-propelled percussi~e--action machine made po5sible boring o~ deep wells in low-tough rock. Particularly effective is the boring o~ rock b~ the above tool in restricted areas, for exa~plel in a mine Yor ~orking tt~in seams ~here the use o~ bul~y vibration hammers, equipped with heavy and large-size rock-breaki~ tools may prove to be impossi~le.
It is adva~tageo~s the provide the roc~-breaking ~ool 4 with the ducts 12 whose outlets are presented to the bottom of a well being bored, This arran~ement o~ the ducts 12 accelerates the removal o~ rock de~ris ~rom the cavity 8 because o~ a lesser resista~ce ~ 7 ~1 to the motion o~ these particles along t~e path "chamber 8 --ducts 12".
~ IG. 4 illustrates an alternative embodiment o~ the rock--~rea'~.ing tool generally denoted as item L~ on FTG~ 1, whicn di~fer~ from the tool shown on FIGS 2 and 3 in that a chamber 15 o~ a casin~ accom~odates an axially 10cated therein rock--breakin~ rod 17. ~he rod 17 carl be offset either forward or backward with respect to t~e end face o~ the casing 16, pre-sented to the bottom of a well being bored.
The operation of such a rock-breaking tool di~ ers from t~at of the tool shown on ~IGS 2 and 3 in that the roc~-breaking rod 17 crushes, when o~fset back~Jard, large particles of in~lusions of higher toughness ~ th respect to the main rock wrhich is bored.
O~setting the rock-breaking rod 17 protects the rock--breaking tool 4 from damage by impact against inclusions of high toughness and of dimensions exceeding the diameter of the tool 4.
FIG. ~ presents another alter~ative em'~odiment o~ the rock-breaking tool 4 which di~ers from the tool shown on FIG. 2 in t~at an exte~n~ surface 18 o~ an annular cutti~g edge 19 and an exterr~al sur~ace 20 ~ an adjoining part 2~
o~ a casing 22 are cylindrical and extend to outlets in a di-rec~ion away ~rom the ~otto~ o~ a well ~eing dril~ed.

Such construction of the rock-breakin~ too~ protects it against blockin~ in the well on extraction of the m~chine with the tool ~rom this well. In addition, this embodiment of the tool sharply increases the resistance thereo~ to wear and de-creases the ~auge loss of th~ annular cutting edge.
~ he rock-brea~ing tool according to the invention can be manu~actured in a number of alternati~es.
~ I&. 6 illus~rates a rock-oreaXing tool 4 which di~fers from the ones previously described in that a toothed crown 26, preferabl~ a conical one, is provided outside the casing 22 back of orifices 23 of ducts 24 for re~.oving fragmented rock from cavi ~ 25.
Such a tosl operates on the main similarly to the pre-viously described embodiments. A distinguishing feature in the operation of a tool eguipped with a toothed crown is that coarse particles of broken rock~ dischar~ed ~rom the ducts 2~, enter a so-called "annular ~^vedge" formed with the wall o~ a vJell be-ing bored and the conical toothed cro,vrl and are ground therein to a speci~ied size.
~ he use of sucn a rock-vrea~ing tool for boring wells in conjunction ~ith a sel~-propelling percussive-action machine pre~ents cloggin, of the a~nular sp~ce bet~een the casing of the machine an~ the wall o~ a ~ell ~ein~ drilled ~nd thus aYoi~S
t~e blocking o~ the tool in the well.
It is use~ul to provi~e all t~e alterna~ e e~bodime~ts of the rock-brea~ing tool 4 i~ith a centrally located duct 27 and ducts 2& in tne body o~ the casing o~ the tool (FIG. 6) ~or supplying compressed air or a~ air-water mixture to the bQttom o~ a ~ell being drilled and so ensuring a highly e~ec-tive blowing and removal of rock debris. ~he ducts 28 ~or blowing the ~ell bottom ca~ best be arranged in between the ducts 24 ~or removing ~ragmented rock away ~rom the bottom.

Claims (10)

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:-
1. A rock breaking tool for use with a self propelled percussive action boring machine comprising a casing having a rear end portion for attachment to the machine and a hollow forward end portion terminating in a continuous annular cutting edge, said forward end portion including a first internal frusto-conical surface defining said cutting edge, a second internal frusto-conical surface extending rearwardly and in-wardly from said first frusto-conical surface, said second surface defining an internal rock-collecting chamber and at least one duct in said forward end portion connecting said chamber with the exterior of the casing, said duct having an opening in said second surface and said duct extending out-wardly and rearwardly from said opening.
2. A rock breaking tool as claimed in claim 1 including a rock breaking rod located axially in said chamber.
3. A rock breaking tool as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 wherein said casing has outer cylindrical surfaces de-fining said cutting edge and said chamber, respectively.
4. A rock breaking tool as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 wherein said casing has an outer surface formed with a toothed crown rearwardly of where said at least one duct opens into said outer surface.
5. A rocking breaking tool as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 including additional duct means communicating with said chamber for delivering air under pressure thereto.
6. In a percussive action boring machine including a housing and a reciprocating hammer for transmitting impact pulses to said housing, the improvement comprising a rock breaking tool mounted on a forward end of said housing for receiving impact pulses from said hammer, said tool including a casing having a rear end portion attached to said housing and a hollow forward end portion terminating in a continuous annular cutting edge, said forward end portion including a first internal frusto-conical surface defining said cutting-edge, a second internal frusto-conical surface extending rear-wardly and inwardly from said first frusto-conical surface, said second surface defining an internal rock collecting cham-ber and at least one duct in said forward end portion connect-ing said chamber with the exterior of said casing, said duct having an opening in said second surface and said duct ex-tending outwardly and rearwardly from said opening.
7. The improvement as defined in claim 6 wherein said tool includes a rock breaking rod located axially in said chamber.
8. The improvement as defined in claim 6 wherein said casing has outer cylindrical surfaces defining said cutting edge and said chamber, respectively.
9. The improvement as defined in claim 6 wherein said casing has an outer surface forward with a toothed crown rearwardly of where said at least one duct opens into said outer surface.
10. The improvement as defined in claim 6 including additional duct means communicating with said chamber for de-livering air under pressure thereto.
CA329,777A 1979-06-14 1979-06-14 Rock-breaking tool for percussive-action machine Expired CA1107711A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA329,777A CA1107711A (en) 1979-06-14 1979-06-14 Rock-breaking tool for percussive-action machine

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA329,777A CA1107711A (en) 1979-06-14 1979-06-14 Rock-breaking tool for percussive-action machine

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA1107711A true CA1107711A (en) 1981-08-25

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA329,777A Expired CA1107711A (en) 1979-06-14 1979-06-14 Rock-breaking tool for percussive-action machine

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CA (1) CA1107711A (en)

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