CA1107556A - Photochromic glasses exhibiting dichroism, birefringence and color adaptation - Google Patents
Photochromic glasses exhibiting dichroism, birefringence and color adaptationInfo
- Publication number
- CA1107556A CA1107556A CA287,515A CA287515A CA1107556A CA 1107556 A CA1107556 A CA 1107556A CA 287515 A CA287515 A CA 287515A CA 1107556 A CA1107556 A CA 1107556A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- light
- photochromic
- silver halide
- darkened
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 237
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- -1 Silver halide Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000009994 optical bleaching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 abstract description 75
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 36
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 31
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 239000012615 aggregate Substances 0.000 description 26
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 26
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 25
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 18
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- GOLCXWYRSKYTSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Arsenious Acid Chemical compound O1[As]2O[As]1O2 GOLCXWYRSKYTSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Li2O Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M dilithium;hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-] XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000146 host glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KTUFCUMIWABKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxolanthaniooxy)lanthanum Chemical compound O=[La]O[La]=O KTUFCUMIWABKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005368 silicate glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-azaniumyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100296543 Caenorhabditis elegans pbo-4 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KOPBYBDAPCDYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cs2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Cs+].[Cs+] KOPBYBDAPCDYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021612 Silver iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 102100033491 THO complex subunit 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710139407 THO complex subunit 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony trioxide Inorganic materials O=[Sb]O[Sb]=O ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PLZFHNWCKKPCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium copper Chemical compound [Cu].[Cd] PLZFHNWCKKPCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GTKRFUAGOKINCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M chlorosilver;silver Chemical compound [Ag].[Ag]Cl GTKRFUAGOKINCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940000425 combination drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006066 glass batch Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003455 independent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052909 inorganic silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver bromide Chemical compound [Ag]Br ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940045105 silver iodide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(I) nitrate Inorganic materials [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Inorganic materials [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- PBCFLUZVCVVTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum pentoxide Inorganic materials O=[Ta](=O)O[Ta](=O)=O PBCFLUZVCVVTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YEAUATLBSVJFOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraantimony hexaoxide Chemical compound O1[Sb](O2)O[Sb]3O[Sb]1O[Sb]2O3 YEAUATLBSVJFOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000411 transmission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001429 visible spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
- G02B5/22—Absorbing filters
- G02B5/23—Photochromic filters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C4/00—Compositions for glass with special properties
- C03C4/04—Compositions for glass with special properties for photosensitive glass
- C03C4/06—Compositions for glass with special properties for photosensitive glass for phototropic or photochromic glass
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
- Polarising Elements (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/739,122 US4125404A (en) | 1976-11-05 | 1976-11-05 | Photochromic glasses exhibiting dichroism, birefringence and color adaptation |
| US739,122 | 1991-07-31 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1107556A true CA1107556A (en) | 1981-08-25 |
Family
ID=24970919
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA287,515A Expired CA1107556A (en) | 1976-11-05 | 1977-09-26 | Photochromic glasses exhibiting dichroism, birefringence and color adaptation |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4125404A (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JPS5384015A (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA1107556A (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE2747919A1 (enExample) |
| FR (1) | FR2370003A1 (enExample) |
| GB (1) | GB1534839A (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (32)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4297417A (en) * | 1978-07-14 | 1981-10-27 | Corning Glass Works | Photosensitive colored glasses exhibiting alterable photo-anisotropic effects |
| US4239338A (en) * | 1979-10-22 | 1980-12-16 | Corning Glass Works | Silver halide optical information storage media |
| US4486213A (en) * | 1982-09-29 | 1984-12-04 | Corning Glass Works | Drawing laminated polarizing glasses |
| US5078771A (en) * | 1989-02-07 | 1992-01-07 | Canyon Materials, Inc. | Method of making high energy beam sensitive glasses |
| US4840655A (en) * | 1988-02-26 | 1989-06-20 | Corning Glass Works | Method for making colored photochromic glasses |
| US4854957A (en) * | 1988-04-13 | 1989-08-08 | Corning Incorporated | Method for modifying coloration in tinted photochromic glasses |
| GB2219098A (en) * | 1988-05-25 | 1989-11-29 | Plessey Co Plc | Optically anisotropic materials and applications |
| EP0518019A1 (en) * | 1991-06-13 | 1992-12-16 | Corning Incorporated | Birefringent glass waveplate |
| US5122907A (en) * | 1991-07-03 | 1992-06-16 | Polatomic, Inc. | Light polarizer and method of manufacture |
| US6562523B1 (en) | 1996-10-31 | 2003-05-13 | Canyon Materials, Inc. | Direct write all-glass photomask blanks |
| US20020019305A1 (en) * | 1996-10-31 | 2002-02-14 | Che-Kuang Wu | Gray scale all-glass photomasks |
| US7326500B1 (en) * | 2000-01-04 | 2008-02-05 | University Of Central Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Sensitization of photo-thermo-refractive glass to visible radiation by two-step illumination |
| US8399155B1 (en) | 2000-01-04 | 2013-03-19 | University Of Central Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Production of high efficiency diffractive and refractive optical elements in multicomponent glass by nonlinear photo-ionization followed by thermal development |
| US6606885B2 (en) | 2001-10-09 | 2003-08-19 | Corning Incorporated | Infrared, glass polarizer and method |
| US6563639B1 (en) | 2002-01-24 | 2003-05-13 | Corning Incorporated | Polarizing glasses |
| US7104090B2 (en) * | 2002-01-24 | 2006-09-12 | Corning Incorporated | Method of making polarizing glasses |
| US6865328B2 (en) * | 2002-10-11 | 2005-03-08 | Corning Incorporated | Positive dispersion optical fiber |
| US7110179B2 (en) * | 2002-12-19 | 2006-09-19 | Corning Incorporated | Polarizers and isolators and methods of manufacture |
| DE10309495B4 (de) * | 2003-02-25 | 2006-02-16 | Schott Ag | Aluminosilikatglas und dessen Verwendung |
| US20040198582A1 (en) * | 2003-04-01 | 2004-10-07 | Borrelli Nicholas F. | Optical elements and methods of making optical elements |
| US7256921B2 (en) * | 2003-07-01 | 2007-08-14 | Transitions Optical, Inc. | Polarizing, photochromic devices and methods of making the same |
| US7609743B2 (en) * | 2004-04-27 | 2009-10-27 | University Of Central Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Volume Bragg lasers based on high efficiency diffractive elements in photo-thermo-refractive glass |
| US7468148B2 (en) * | 2005-10-24 | 2008-12-23 | Corning Incorporated | Visible polarizing glass and process |
| US20070123410A1 (en) | 2005-11-30 | 2007-05-31 | Morena Robert M | Crystallization-free glass frit compositions and frits made therefrom for microreactor devices |
| US7618908B2 (en) * | 2005-12-20 | 2009-11-17 | Corning Incorporated | Visible light optical polarizer made from stretched H2-treated glass |
| US20070153383A1 (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2007-07-05 | Nicholas Francis Borrelli | Method for making a wide optical polarizer using extrusion |
| US20080254373A1 (en) * | 2007-04-13 | 2008-10-16 | Canyon Materials, Inc. | Method of making PDR and PBR glasses for holographic data storage and/or computer generated holograms |
| US8455157B1 (en) * | 2007-04-26 | 2013-06-04 | Pd-Ld, Inc. | Methods for improving performance of holographic glasses |
| US8179595B2 (en) * | 2008-01-29 | 2012-05-15 | Corning Incorporated | Polarizing photorefractive glass |
| US20090190214A1 (en) * | 2008-01-29 | 2009-07-30 | Nicholas Francis Borrelli | Polarizing photorefractive glass |
| JP6527330B2 (ja) | 2011-11-16 | 2019-06-05 | コーニング インコーポレイテッド | 高い亀裂発生閾値を有するイオン交換可能なガラス |
| US20230065240A1 (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2023-03-02 | The United States of America As Represented By The Director Of The National Geospatial-Intelligence | Method and apparatus for the display of volumetric solids using distributed photochromic compounds |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3208860A (en) * | 1962-07-31 | 1965-09-28 | Corning Glass Works | Phototropic material and article made therefrom |
| US3653863A (en) * | 1968-07-03 | 1972-04-04 | Corning Glass Works | Method of forming photochromic polarizing glasses |
| US3540793A (en) * | 1968-07-03 | 1970-11-17 | Corning Glass Works | Photochromic polarizing glasses |
| US3734754A (en) * | 1970-08-19 | 1973-05-22 | Corning Glass Works | Thermally darkening photochromic glass |
| US3920463A (en) * | 1974-02-01 | 1975-11-18 | Robert A Simms | Process for changing the tint of a photochromic material and material formed thereby |
| US4017318A (en) * | 1976-01-02 | 1977-04-12 | Corning Glass Works | Photosensitive colored glasses |
| US4075024A (en) * | 1976-08-19 | 1978-02-21 | Corning Glass Works | Colored glasses and method |
-
1976
- 1976-11-05 US US05/739,122 patent/US4125404A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1977
- 1977-09-26 CA CA287,515A patent/CA1107556A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-10-26 DE DE19772747919 patent/DE2747919A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1977-11-03 GB GB45744/77A patent/GB1534839A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-11-04 JP JP13240677A patent/JPS5384015A/ja active Granted
- 1977-11-04 FR FR7733213A patent/FR2370003A1/fr active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2370003B1 (enExample) | 1984-07-13 |
| US4125404A (en) | 1978-11-14 |
| GB1534839A (en) | 1978-12-06 |
| JPS6114092B2 (enExample) | 1986-04-17 |
| FR2370003A1 (fr) | 1978-06-02 |
| DE2747919A1 (de) | 1978-05-11 |
| JPS5384015A (en) | 1978-07-25 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |