CA1106557A - Process for production of pulp - Google Patents
Process for production of pulpInfo
- Publication number
- CA1106557A CA1106557A CA292,069A CA292069A CA1106557A CA 1106557 A CA1106557 A CA 1106557A CA 292069 A CA292069 A CA 292069A CA 1106557 A CA1106557 A CA 1106557A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- cooking
- sodium salt
- dihydroxyanthracene
- aid
- cooking aid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C3/00—Pulping cellulose-containing materials
- D21C3/22—Other features of pulping processes
- D21C3/222—Use of compounds accelerating the pulping processes
Landscapes
- Paper (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
Abstract
PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF PULP
Abstract of the Disclosure:
An improved process for the production of pulp charac-terized by the employment of a novel type of cooking aid is disclosed. The cooking is carried out in the presence of a small amount of a compound selected from the group consisting of hydroxyanthracenes and derivatives thereof. The cooking yield is substantially increased and the quality of the resulting pulp and paper is improved.
Abstract of the Disclosure:
An improved process for the production of pulp charac-terized by the employment of a novel type of cooking aid is disclosed. The cooking is carried out in the presence of a small amount of a compound selected from the group consisting of hydroxyanthracenes and derivatives thereof. The cooking yield is substantially increased and the quality of the resulting pulp and paper is improved.
Description
This invention relates -to a process for the production of pul~. More particularl~Jr9 the inven-tion relates to a pro cess for -the production of pulp from lignocellulosic materials by carrying ou-t the cooking in the presence of a small amount of a novel type of cooking aid selected from -the group con-sisting of hydroxyanthracenes and derivatives thereof. The cooking aid can be added to a cooking liquor in any of the conventional alkaline, or sulfite or the like cooking proces-ses. The term "alkaline cooking process" or simply "alkaline process" herein used includes various alkaline cooking proces-ses such as a kra~t process9 a soda process9 a sodium carbonate process and the like. Similarly, the term "sulfite cooking process" or simply "sulfite process" herein used includes various sulfite cooking processes such as an alkaline sulfite process~ a neutral sul~ite process, a bisulfite process, and the like In the field of producing pulp ~rom lignocellulosic material such as wood, bagasse, hemp and the like, a number of various trials have been repeated from old times to improve the cooking yield, the rate of cooking and the quality of the product pulp, aiming at the economical production of good quality pulp with decreased consumption o~ raw material and of energy. For example, instead of an ordinary kraf-t process in which lignocellulosic material such as wood is subjected to treatment by a cooking liquor comprising essentially sodium hydrate and sodiw~ sulfide, a modified process thereo~ which is usually called a "polysulfide process" and is characterized by being sub~ected to treatment with a cooking liquor compris-ing a sodium polysulfide is nowadays more popularly employed~
Various other modifications, for example, the addition of ~l~
borohydride5 hydra~ine, hydroxylamine or the like have also been proposed and ~ried. Mos-t o~ such modified processes, however, have not been fit for practical use because in some cases to-tal or partial change of the processing equipment is required, in other cases -there is a significant increase in production cost, and in other cases the process is not appli-cable to soft or hard woods or both. Thus, except for said polysulfide process, none of the above-mentioned prior art processes is more than a laboratory model.
10Accordingly, the object of the present invention is to provide a novel process for the production of pulp completely ~ree from the disadvantages men-tioned above. The novel process of the present inven-tion is characterlzed by the selective use of a specific type of a cooking aid comprislng at least one member selected from the group consisting of hydroxyanthra4enes and the derivatives thereof. More particularly, in one aspect of the present inven-tion, there is provided a process for pro-; ducing alkaline pulp by carrying Ollt the cooking of lignocel-lulosic materials such as wood, bagasse, hemp and the like in an alkaline cooking liquor in the presence of a small amount of hydroxyanthracene or a derivative -thereof which is added as a novel type of cooking aid~ In another aspect of the presen-t invention9 there is provided a process for producing sulfite pulp by carrying out the cooking of said lignocellu-losic materials in a cooking liquor comprising sulfi-te in the presence of a small amount of the same cooking aid as mentioned above. As a result of effecting the cooking of such lignocel-lulosic materials as mentioned above in the presence of a specific amoun-t of said novel cooking aid according -to the ~ 30 present invention, the solution veloci-ty of lignin from said ; - 3 lignocellulosic materials is substantially increased, and in turn the rate of cooking is substantially increased too. The cooking yield in pulp production is also substantiall~ improved as compared with the prior art process using the same degree of cooking. This is because hydroxyanthracene or a deri~Jative -thereof added to the cooking liquor functions as a cooking aid to promote the dissolution of lignin into the cooking liquor as well as to prevent the degradation of cellulose and hemicel-lulose throughout the cooking treatment. As a result of usi~g such a novel cooking aid, the cooking yield and also the quality of the resulting pulp are improved and the rate of cooking is increased. Incidental to the increased rate of cooking, the amounts of cooking chemicals and steam required for heating -are also substantially reduced.
Typical compounds which can be advan-tageously employed as said cooking aid in the practice of -the present invention include hydroxyanthracenes and derivat-ves thereof having the following general formula:
~ (OA)n ................................. (1) wherein R represents H, COOX wherein X is H or Na, or SO3Y 20 wherein Y is H or Na9 A represents H or Na9 m represents O, 1 or 29 and n represents 1 or 2. The case wherein R represents H in the above general formula refers to a case in which at least one carbon atom in the anthracene nucleus loses its double bond to change from CH to CH2 in the same position.
Namelyi the compounds defined by the above general formula (1) include those to be ohtained by the addition of at least one hydrogen atom to the carbon atom in the anthracene nucleus fi~ 9 to have it lose its double bond and change from its CH form to CH2 form in the same position, and include9 ~or example, the compounds represented by the general ~ormulas:
Rm ~ (~)n ..... (2) --I` ~J` , .
and ~ (OA)n :
wherein R9 A, m and n have the same meanings as already defined.
Among those compounds, dihydroxyanthracene, dihydroxy-dihydroanthracene9 carboxydihydroxyanthracene as well as dihydroxyanthracenesulfonic acids including their sodium salts and dihydroxyanthracene carboxylic acids including their sodium salts can be most advantageously employed in the practice of the present in~ention.
; These novel cooking aid co~pounds are pre~erably used in an amount in the region o~ ODOO5 - 3% by weight based on the bone dry weight of the raw material chips or the li~no cellulosic materials -to be added -to the cooking liquor. I~
the compound is used in an amount in -the region of 0.01 - 0.1 by weight based on -the same standard, optimum best results will be obtained.
Among compounds represented by the general formulas (1) - (~) the dihydrodihydroxyanthracene can easily be synthesized ~rom naphthoquinone, and butadiene by making use o~ Diels-Alder reaction. For example9 if naphthoquinone and butadiene are reacted with each other in a hydrophobic solvent such as chloronaphthalene in the known Diels~Alder , reaction as disclosed, for example9 in U S. Patent 2,938,913, tetrahydroanthraquinone is obtained according to the equation as shown below. This product changes, upon being dissolved in an aqueous alkaline solution such as an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, -to an alkali salt of dihydrodihycLroxyanthracene, which can be treated with an acid such as sul~uri.c acid9 hydrochloric acid or the like -to precipitate dihydrodihydroxyanthracene, Alternatively, te-trahydroanthraquinone can directly be treated with an aqueous solution of an acid such as sulfuric acid to obtain dihydrodihydroxyanthracene as a precipitate as disclo~ed in USP 1,8909040, page 2, right column.
~ .
O O
3 + ~ in a ' ~, hydrophobic ¦¦ solvent O O
:
N.Q. B.D. T.H.A.Q. (keto type) / ~ to dissolve / in aqueous / NaOH solution ~ ~ ;
OH / ONa " ~ H2S4 / ~J~
1~ ~ J ~ ~ 3 ~ ) I
OH ONa D.H.D.HPA.
(enol-type) ~: .
7 ~;
~he cooking aid used in the pre~en-t invention is easy -to dissolve in the cook.Lng li~luorO In order -to carry out the process of the present invention, no special change is required : with respec-t to the cooking conditions except that a specified amount o~ said cooking aid is merely added to an ordinary cooking ~LiquorO ~he following examples will illustrate the preferred embodiments of the present inventionO
Example 1 600 g of softwood chips were placed in a ~-liter : 10 capaci-ty autoclave, to which was added a kraft process cooking ~ .
liquor having 17% active alkali and 25% sulfidityO Then, dihydroxydihydro~mthracene prepared by the process as explained ~.
hereinbefore in an amount of 0O05% by weight based on the bone j dry weight of the chips was added -to the same cooking liquor ~` 15 and cooking was carried out a-t 165C for 75 minutesO
~ or comparative purposes, the same experiment was repeated except that dihydroxydihydroanthracene was omittedO
he results of these experiments were as shown i.n ~able 1 ::
belowO
~ ;~
.' :
'.~
~ ....
~ 7 -. .. . . .
Table 1 _~ . _, ____ _ Kraft process cooking Kraft process cooking with dihydroxydihydro- without dihydroxydihydro-anthracene anthracene (presen-t invention) (prior art) ~,~
yield ~%) 48.6 46.5 number 42 51 IndeSt* 6.9 6.2 Breaking len~th 8.2 7.0 f~G tcr i~0 170 :* determined by JIS P-8210 (Testing Method ~or Strength o~
Paper Pulp) Exam~e 2 .
700 g of hardwood chips were place~d in a 4-liter capacity autoclave9 to which a:soda process cooking liquor having 15.5% (as Na20~ caustic soda and dihydroxyanthracene ; 5 in an amount of' 0.02% by weight based on the bone dry weight of the chips was added and cooking was carried out at 155C . :~
for 75 minutes.
Next9 for comparative purposes, the same experiment was repeated except that dihydroxyanthracene was omitted.
Ths results of these experlments are shown in Table Z below.
,: :
: - 8 -. , ~ .
Table 2 ` ~ ~ ~
~ _ ~ ~
I Soda process cooking Soda process cooking I with dihydroxy- without dihydroxy-anthracene anthracene (present invention) (prior art) ___ Cookin~
yield ~%) 53.9 5~.0 Kappa number 50 78 Burst Index* 4.3 3.0 Breaking le ~th 6~1 4a 5 ~ctor _ _ 100 ~ , i * de-termined by JIS P-8210 (Te~ting Method for Strength of Paper Pulp) , :
, ~ :
700 g of hardwood chips were placed in a 4-liter capacity autoclave, to which was added a sodium carbonate process cooking liquor containing 10% sodium;carbonate and 5 O.l~o by weight, based on the bone dry weight of the chips, of sodium dihydroxyanthracenecarboxylate and cooking was carried out at 180C for 20 minutes. Then, the cooked chips ~ were beaten by a disk refiner to a freeness o~ 450 cc.
- For comparative purposes, the same experiment was repeated except that sodium dihydroxyanthracenecarboxylate was omitted. The results of these experiments are shown in ~ ~ `
Table 3 below. ~ ~
,:
"~
, , ` , -Table 3 Sodium carbonate process Sodium carbonate pr~c~ss cooking with sodium cooking without sodium dihydroxyan-thracene- dihydroxyanthracene-carboxyla-te carboxylate ~present invention) (prior art) ~ ~, ,.
Cookin~
yield ~%) ~2.0 78.9 Burst Index* 1.8 1.7 Breaking len~th 3.2 2 ! 5 Folds 9 double 20 lL~
Rlng crush 14.2 13.5 Resistance Concora ¦ crush 19.5 19.0 Resistance * determined by JIS P-8210 (Testing Method for S-trength of Paper Pulp) 400 g of flax was placed in a 4-liter capacity autoclave, to which was added a cooking liquor containing 18% sodium sul-f'ite and 3% caustic soda9 bo-th based on the weight of raw material9 and sodium dihydroxyanthracenesulfonate in an amount -~ --of 0.05% based on the bone dry weight of the raw material and cooking was carried out at 1~0C for 4 hours. Separa-tely9 for co~parative purposes9 the same experiment was repeated except that sodium dihydroxyanthracenesul~onate was omitted. The resul-ts of these experiments are shown in Table 4 below.
-- 10 ~
Tablc 4 ____ Sulfite cooking with Sulfite! ~o~k~g without sodium dihydroxy- so~ dlh~droxy-anthracenesulfonate an-thracenes~lfonate (present i.nvention) (prior art~);
~_ Cooking yield ~%) 62.5 58~5 Kappa number 8 12 Breaking len~th 8.9 7.6 Tear ~actor 190 170 __ ._ _ __._ _
Various other modifications, for example, the addition of ~l~
borohydride5 hydra~ine, hydroxylamine or the like have also been proposed and ~ried. Mos-t o~ such modified processes, however, have not been fit for practical use because in some cases to-tal or partial change of the processing equipment is required, in other cases -there is a significant increase in production cost, and in other cases the process is not appli-cable to soft or hard woods or both. Thus, except for said polysulfide process, none of the above-mentioned prior art processes is more than a laboratory model.
10Accordingly, the object of the present invention is to provide a novel process for the production of pulp completely ~ree from the disadvantages men-tioned above. The novel process of the present inven-tion is characterlzed by the selective use of a specific type of a cooking aid comprislng at least one member selected from the group consisting of hydroxyanthra4enes and the derivatives thereof. More particularly, in one aspect of the present inven-tion, there is provided a process for pro-; ducing alkaline pulp by carrying Ollt the cooking of lignocel-lulosic materials such as wood, bagasse, hemp and the like in an alkaline cooking liquor in the presence of a small amount of hydroxyanthracene or a derivative -thereof which is added as a novel type of cooking aid~ In another aspect of the presen-t invention9 there is provided a process for producing sulfite pulp by carrying out the cooking of said lignocellu-losic materials in a cooking liquor comprising sulfi-te in the presence of a small amount of the same cooking aid as mentioned above. As a result of effecting the cooking of such lignocel-lulosic materials as mentioned above in the presence of a specific amoun-t of said novel cooking aid according -to the ~ 30 present invention, the solution veloci-ty of lignin from said ; - 3 lignocellulosic materials is substantially increased, and in turn the rate of cooking is substantially increased too. The cooking yield in pulp production is also substantiall~ improved as compared with the prior art process using the same degree of cooking. This is because hydroxyanthracene or a deri~Jative -thereof added to the cooking liquor functions as a cooking aid to promote the dissolution of lignin into the cooking liquor as well as to prevent the degradation of cellulose and hemicel-lulose throughout the cooking treatment. As a result of usi~g such a novel cooking aid, the cooking yield and also the quality of the resulting pulp are improved and the rate of cooking is increased. Incidental to the increased rate of cooking, the amounts of cooking chemicals and steam required for heating -are also substantially reduced.
Typical compounds which can be advan-tageously employed as said cooking aid in the practice of -the present invention include hydroxyanthracenes and derivat-ves thereof having the following general formula:
~ (OA)n ................................. (1) wherein R represents H, COOX wherein X is H or Na, or SO3Y 20 wherein Y is H or Na9 A represents H or Na9 m represents O, 1 or 29 and n represents 1 or 2. The case wherein R represents H in the above general formula refers to a case in which at least one carbon atom in the anthracene nucleus loses its double bond to change from CH to CH2 in the same position.
Namelyi the compounds defined by the above general formula (1) include those to be ohtained by the addition of at least one hydrogen atom to the carbon atom in the anthracene nucleus fi~ 9 to have it lose its double bond and change from its CH form to CH2 form in the same position, and include9 ~or example, the compounds represented by the general ~ormulas:
Rm ~ (~)n ..... (2) --I` ~J` , .
and ~ (OA)n :
wherein R9 A, m and n have the same meanings as already defined.
Among those compounds, dihydroxyanthracene, dihydroxy-dihydroanthracene9 carboxydihydroxyanthracene as well as dihydroxyanthracenesulfonic acids including their sodium salts and dihydroxyanthracene carboxylic acids including their sodium salts can be most advantageously employed in the practice of the present in~ention.
; These novel cooking aid co~pounds are pre~erably used in an amount in the region o~ ODOO5 - 3% by weight based on the bone dry weight of the raw material chips or the li~no cellulosic materials -to be added -to the cooking liquor. I~
the compound is used in an amount in -the region of 0.01 - 0.1 by weight based on -the same standard, optimum best results will be obtained.
Among compounds represented by the general formulas (1) - (~) the dihydrodihydroxyanthracene can easily be synthesized ~rom naphthoquinone, and butadiene by making use o~ Diels-Alder reaction. For example9 if naphthoquinone and butadiene are reacted with each other in a hydrophobic solvent such as chloronaphthalene in the known Diels~Alder , reaction as disclosed, for example9 in U S. Patent 2,938,913, tetrahydroanthraquinone is obtained according to the equation as shown below. This product changes, upon being dissolved in an aqueous alkaline solution such as an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, -to an alkali salt of dihydrodihycLroxyanthracene, which can be treated with an acid such as sul~uri.c acid9 hydrochloric acid or the like -to precipitate dihydrodihydroxyanthracene, Alternatively, te-trahydroanthraquinone can directly be treated with an aqueous solution of an acid such as sulfuric acid to obtain dihydrodihydroxyanthracene as a precipitate as disclo~ed in USP 1,8909040, page 2, right column.
~ .
O O
3 + ~ in a ' ~, hydrophobic ¦¦ solvent O O
:
N.Q. B.D. T.H.A.Q. (keto type) / ~ to dissolve / in aqueous / NaOH solution ~ ~ ;
OH / ONa " ~ H2S4 / ~J~
1~ ~ J ~ ~ 3 ~ ) I
OH ONa D.H.D.HPA.
(enol-type) ~: .
7 ~;
~he cooking aid used in the pre~en-t invention is easy -to dissolve in the cook.Lng li~luorO In order -to carry out the process of the present invention, no special change is required : with respec-t to the cooking conditions except that a specified amount o~ said cooking aid is merely added to an ordinary cooking ~LiquorO ~he following examples will illustrate the preferred embodiments of the present inventionO
Example 1 600 g of softwood chips were placed in a ~-liter : 10 capaci-ty autoclave, to which was added a kraft process cooking ~ .
liquor having 17% active alkali and 25% sulfidityO Then, dihydroxydihydro~mthracene prepared by the process as explained ~.
hereinbefore in an amount of 0O05% by weight based on the bone j dry weight of the chips was added -to the same cooking liquor ~` 15 and cooking was carried out a-t 165C for 75 minutesO
~ or comparative purposes, the same experiment was repeated except that dihydroxydihydroanthracene was omittedO
he results of these experiments were as shown i.n ~able 1 ::
belowO
~ ;~
.' :
'.~
~ ....
~ 7 -. .. . . .
Table 1 _~ . _, ____ _ Kraft process cooking Kraft process cooking with dihydroxydihydro- without dihydroxydihydro-anthracene anthracene (presen-t invention) (prior art) ~,~
yield ~%) 48.6 46.5 number 42 51 IndeSt* 6.9 6.2 Breaking len~th 8.2 7.0 f~G tcr i~0 170 :* determined by JIS P-8210 (Testing Method ~or Strength o~
Paper Pulp) Exam~e 2 .
700 g of hardwood chips were place~d in a 4-liter capacity autoclave9 to which a:soda process cooking liquor having 15.5% (as Na20~ caustic soda and dihydroxyanthracene ; 5 in an amount of' 0.02% by weight based on the bone dry weight of the chips was added and cooking was carried out at 155C . :~
for 75 minutes.
Next9 for comparative purposes, the same experiment was repeated except that dihydroxyanthracene was omitted.
Ths results of these experlments are shown in Table Z below.
,: :
: - 8 -. , ~ .
Table 2 ` ~ ~ ~
~ _ ~ ~
I Soda process cooking Soda process cooking I with dihydroxy- without dihydroxy-anthracene anthracene (present invention) (prior art) ___ Cookin~
yield ~%) 53.9 5~.0 Kappa number 50 78 Burst Index* 4.3 3.0 Breaking le ~th 6~1 4a 5 ~ctor _ _ 100 ~ , i * de-termined by JIS P-8210 (Te~ting Method for Strength of Paper Pulp) , :
, ~ :
700 g of hardwood chips were placed in a 4-liter capacity autoclave, to which was added a sodium carbonate process cooking liquor containing 10% sodium;carbonate and 5 O.l~o by weight, based on the bone dry weight of the chips, of sodium dihydroxyanthracenecarboxylate and cooking was carried out at 180C for 20 minutes. Then, the cooked chips ~ were beaten by a disk refiner to a freeness o~ 450 cc.
- For comparative purposes, the same experiment was repeated except that sodium dihydroxyanthracenecarboxylate was omitted. The results of these experiments are shown in ~ ~ `
Table 3 below. ~ ~
,:
"~
, , ` , -Table 3 Sodium carbonate process Sodium carbonate pr~c~ss cooking with sodium cooking without sodium dihydroxyan-thracene- dihydroxyanthracene-carboxyla-te carboxylate ~present invention) (prior art) ~ ~, ,.
Cookin~
yield ~%) ~2.0 78.9 Burst Index* 1.8 1.7 Breaking len~th 3.2 2 ! 5 Folds 9 double 20 lL~
Rlng crush 14.2 13.5 Resistance Concora ¦ crush 19.5 19.0 Resistance * determined by JIS P-8210 (Testing Method for S-trength of Paper Pulp) 400 g of flax was placed in a 4-liter capacity autoclave, to which was added a cooking liquor containing 18% sodium sul-f'ite and 3% caustic soda9 bo-th based on the weight of raw material9 and sodium dihydroxyanthracenesulfonate in an amount -~ --of 0.05% based on the bone dry weight of the raw material and cooking was carried out at 1~0C for 4 hours. Separa-tely9 for co~parative purposes9 the same experiment was repeated except that sodium dihydroxyanthracenesul~onate was omitted. The resul-ts of these experiments are shown in Table 4 below.
-- 10 ~
Tablc 4 ____ Sulfite cooking with Sulfite! ~o~k~g without sodium dihydroxy- so~ dlh~droxy-anthracenesulfonate an-thracenes~lfonate (present i.nvention) (prior art~);
~_ Cooking yield ~%) 62.5 58~5 Kappa number 8 12 Breaking len~th 8.9 7.6 Tear ~actor 190 170 __ ._ _ __._ _
Claims (18)
1. An improved cooking process for the production of pulp from lignocellulosic material comprising cooking lignocellulosic material in a cooking liquor, the improvement comprising admixing in said cooking liquor an amount, sufficient to increase the cooking rate of said lignocellulosic material, of a cooking aid comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of compounds having the formula:
wherein m is 0, 1 or 2, n is 1 or 2, R is COOA, SO3A
or H, and A is H or Na; providing that when m is 1, R is at least one of COOA or SO3A and R cannot attach to the middle ring;
when m is 0 or 2, R is H; and when R is H and m is 2, two carbon atoms of the anthracene nucleus lose their double bonds, and each such carbon atom takes the form of CH2 instead of CH, in which case one H
of each CH2 is not counted as an R and may be substituted by OA.
wherein m is 0, 1 or 2, n is 1 or 2, R is COOA, SO3A
or H, and A is H or Na; providing that when m is 1, R is at least one of COOA or SO3A and R cannot attach to the middle ring;
when m is 0 or 2, R is H; and when R is H and m is 2, two carbon atoms of the anthracene nucleus lose their double bonds, and each such carbon atom takes the form of CH2 instead of CH, in which case one H
of each CH2 is not counted as an R and may be substituted by OA.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein said cooking aid is at least one member selected from the group consisting of dihydroxyanthracene, dihydroxydihydroanthracene, carboxydihydroxy-anthracene and dihydroxyanthracene sulfonate.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein said cooking aid is used in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 3% by weight based on the bone dry weight of lignocellulosic material.
4. The process of claim 1, wherein said cooking aid is used in an amount of from about 0.01 to about 0.1% by weight based on the bone dry weight of lignocellulosic material.
5. The process of claim 3, wherein said cooking aid is 1,4-dihydro-9,10-dihydroxyanthracene or its sodium salt.
6. The process of claim 3, wherein said cooking aid is 1-hydroxyanthracene or its sodium salt.
7. The process of claim 3, wherein said cooking aid is 9,10-dihydroxyanthracene or its sodium salt.
8. The process of claim 3, wherein said cooking aid is 2-hydroxyanthracene or its sodium salt.
9. The process of claim 3, wherein said cooking aid is 9-hydroxyanthracene or its sodium salt.
10. The process of claim 3, wherein said cooking aid is 9,10-dihydroanthranol or its sodium salt.
11. The process of claim 3, wherein said cooking aid is 1,2-dihydroxyanthracene or its sodium salt.
12. The process of claim 3, wherein said cooking aid is 2,3-dihydroxyanthracene or its sodium salt.
13. The process of claim 3, wherein said cooking aid is 2,6-dihydroxyanthracene or its sodium salt.
14. The process of claim 3, wherein said cooking aid is 9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-diol or its sodium salt.
15. The process of claim 3, wherein said cooking aid is 9,10-dihydroxyanthracene-2-carboxylic acid or its sodium salt
16. The process of claim 3, wherein said cooking aid is 9,10-dihydroxyanthracene-1-sulphonic acid or its sodium salt.
17. The process of each of claims 1, 6 or 7, wherein said cooking liquor is an alkaline process cooking liquor.
18. The process of each of claims 1, 6 or 7, wherein said cooking liquor is a sulfite process cooking liquor.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14849276A JPS5374101A (en) | 1976-12-10 | 1976-12-10 | Pulp making method |
| JP148492/1976 | 1976-12-10 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1106557A true CA1106557A (en) | 1981-08-11 |
Family
ID=15453954
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA292,069A Expired CA1106557A (en) | 1976-12-10 | 1977-11-30 | Process for production of pulp |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | USRE32943E (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5374101A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU513517B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7708218A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1106557A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2754991C3 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI68868C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2373637A1 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO150087C (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ185734A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE437171B (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS51112903A (en) * | 1975-03-26 | 1976-10-05 | Honshu Paper Co Ltd | Process for digesting lignocellulose material with sulphites |
| US4036680A (en) * | 1976-12-14 | 1977-07-19 | Canadian Industries, Ltd. | Delignification of lignocellulosic material with a soda pulping liquor containing a Diels Alder adduct of benzoquinone or naphthoquinone in admixture with a nitro aromatic compound |
| US4036681A (en) * | 1976-12-14 | 1977-07-19 | Canadian Industries, Ltd. | Delignification of lignocellulosic material with an alkaline pulping liquor containing a Diels Alder adduct of benzoquinone or naphthoquinone |
| JPS6059356B2 (en) * | 1977-12-05 | 1985-12-24 | 川崎化成工業株式会社 | Pulp manufacturing method |
| FR2435457A1 (en) * | 1978-06-29 | 1980-04-04 | Ugine Kuhlmann | HEXAHYDRO-1,2,3,4,4A, 9A ANTHRACENE-DIONE-9,10, ITS PREPARATION AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE DELIGNIFICATION OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS |
| JPS5512806A (en) * | 1978-07-04 | 1980-01-29 | Oji Paper Co | Alkali pulp producing method |
| FR2442912A1 (en) * | 1978-07-27 | 1980-06-27 | Ugine Kuhlmann | PROCESS FOR COOKING LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PULP |
| JPS55128091A (en) * | 1979-03-23 | 1980-10-03 | Oji Paper Co | Pulping of lignocellulose material |
| JPS58125737U (en) * | 1982-02-18 | 1983-08-26 | 株式会社シマノ | caliper brake |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE326705C (en) * | 1919-10-17 | 1920-09-30 | Richard Hartmuth Dr | Process for the treatment of wood or cellulosic materials for the production of cellulose and synthetic resin, paint, asphalt and the like like |
| US1705424A (en) * | 1924-09-30 | 1929-03-12 | Strecker Otto Carl | Process for the production of cellulose by decomposition of vegetable fibers |
| US1658213A (en) * | 1924-09-30 | 1928-02-07 | Otto C Strecker | Process for the production of cellulose by decomposition of vegetable fibers |
| DE486533C (en) * | 1926-12-24 | 1929-11-19 | Otto C Strecker Fa Dr | Process for obtaining pulp |
| US1890040A (en) * | 1928-05-07 | 1932-12-06 | Gen Aniline Works Inc | Production of anthraquinone and derivatives thereof |
| BE370781A (en) * | 1929-06-07 | |||
| DE569853C (en) * | 1929-08-07 | 1933-02-09 | E H Willi Schacht Dr Ing | Process for the production of a semi-pulp from straw and grass |
| US2883826A (en) * | 1953-01-07 | 1959-04-28 | Univ Minnesota | Process for conditioning plant fibers for spinning |
| FR72957E (en) * | 1956-11-05 | |||
| CA986662A (en) * | 1973-05-01 | 1976-04-06 | David L. Mccandless | Pretreatment of lignocellulosic material with anthraquinone salts in alkaline pulping |
| JPS5143403A (en) * | 1974-10-09 | 1976-04-14 | Honshu Paper Co Ltd | Arukariparupuno seizohoho |
| JPS51112903A (en) * | 1975-03-26 | 1976-10-05 | Honshu Paper Co Ltd | Process for digesting lignocellulose material with sulphites |
| JPS51109303A (en) * | 1975-03-24 | 1976-09-28 | Honshu Paper Co Ltd | ARUKARIISANSOSHORINYORU RIGUNOSERUROOSUBUTSUSHITSUNO DATSURIGUNINHO |
| CA1073161A (en) * | 1975-09-05 | 1980-03-11 | Canadian Industries Limited | Delignification process |
| ZA773044B (en) * | 1976-06-02 | 1978-04-26 | Australian Paper Manufacturers | Improvements in pulping processes |
| US4036681A (en) * | 1976-12-14 | 1977-07-19 | Canadian Industries, Ltd. | Delignification of lignocellulosic material with an alkaline pulping liquor containing a Diels Alder adduct of benzoquinone or naphthoquinone |
-
1976
- 1976-12-10 JP JP14849276A patent/JPS5374101A/en active Granted
-
1977
- 1977-11-21 NZ NZ185734A patent/NZ185734A/en unknown
- 1977-11-23 SE SE7713266A patent/SE437171B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-11-23 AU AU30870/77A patent/AU513517B2/en not_active Expired
- 1977-11-28 NO NO774067A patent/NO150087C/en unknown
- 1977-11-30 CA CA292,069A patent/CA1106557A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-02 FI FI773661A patent/FI68868C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-12-09 FR FR7737226A patent/FR2373637A1/en active Granted
- 1977-12-09 BR BR7708218A patent/BR7708218A/en unknown
- 1977-12-09 DE DE2754991A patent/DE2754991C3/en not_active Expired
-
1981
- 1981-02-12 US US06/233,962 patent/USRE32943E/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU513517B2 (en) | 1980-12-04 |
| BR7708218A (en) | 1978-09-05 |
| FR2373637A1 (en) | 1978-07-07 |
| SE7713266L (en) | 1978-06-11 |
| NO150087B (en) | 1984-05-07 |
| FI773661A (en) | 1978-06-11 |
| DE2754991A1 (en) | 1978-06-15 |
| FR2373637B1 (en) | 1979-04-27 |
| FI68868C (en) | 1985-11-11 |
| SE437171B (en) | 1985-02-11 |
| AU3087077A (en) | 1979-05-31 |
| USRE32943E (en) | 1989-06-06 |
| JPS5374101A (en) | 1978-07-01 |
| NO774067L (en) | 1978-06-13 |
| FI68868B (en) | 1985-07-31 |
| DE2754991C3 (en) | 1987-06-19 |
| DE2754991B2 (en) | 1979-01-18 |
| NO150087C (en) | 1984-08-15 |
| NZ185734A (en) | 1980-11-28 |
| JPS5719239B2 (en) | 1982-04-21 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKEX | Expiry |