CA1106324A - Public works machine, such as a self-propelled hydraulic loading shovel - Google Patents
Public works machine, such as a self-propelled hydraulic loading shovelInfo
- Publication number
- CA1106324A CA1106324A CA322,079A CA322079A CA1106324A CA 1106324 A CA1106324 A CA 1106324A CA 322079 A CA322079 A CA 322079A CA 1106324 A CA1106324 A CA 1106324A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- wheels
- lower chassis
- machine
- pair
- superstructure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/08—Superstructures; Supports for superstructures
- E02F9/085—Ground-engaging fitting for supporting the machines while working, e.g. outriggers, legs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D57/00—Vehicles characterised by having other propulsion or other ground- engaging means than wheels or endless track, alone or in addition to wheels or endless track
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Vehicle Cleaning, Maintenance, Repair, Refitting, And Outriggers (AREA)
- Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
- Road Paving Machines (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
This public works machine, such as a self-propelled hydraulic loading shovel comprises a lower chassis provided with a pair of wheels and with a pair of liftable or retract-able stabilizers, so that this lower chassis can rest on the ground selectively simply by its pair of wheels or both by said pair of wheels and said stabilizers, and a superstructure carrying a working attachment and mounted to rotate on said lower chassis, said superstructure also carrying a pair of wheels which are movable between a position in contact with the ground and a lifted position. The machine is self-propelled when two pairs of wheels are in contact with the ground. For loading materials or the like, the wheels of the superstructure are lifted and the machine rests on the ground through the pair of wheels of the chassis and the stabilizers.
This public works machine, such as a self-propelled hydraulic loading shovel comprises a lower chassis provided with a pair of wheels and with a pair of liftable or retract-able stabilizers, so that this lower chassis can rest on the ground selectively simply by its pair of wheels or both by said pair of wheels and said stabilizers, and a superstructure carrying a working attachment and mounted to rotate on said lower chassis, said superstructure also carrying a pair of wheels which are movable between a position in contact with the ground and a lifted position. The machine is self-propelled when two pairs of wheels are in contact with the ground. For loading materials or the like, the wheels of the superstructure are lifted and the machine rests on the ground through the pair of wheels of the chassis and the stabilizers.
Description
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The present invention generally relate~ -to puhlic works machines such as hydraulic loading shovels.
Known self-propelling hydraulic loading shovels usually comprise a rigid chassis provided with four wheels, at least twolof which are driving wheels and on which are mounted one or two pairs of stabilizers. This chassis carries a rotatable superstructure at one end of which is pivoted a working attachment.
One drawback of these machines lies in the f;-ct that they are not suitable for displacement over poor ground, due to their small ground clearance and to the small trailing angles resulting from the presence of the stabilizers. Simi-larly, displacement on inclined ground in a direction perpen-dicular to the slope of this ground is limited to small inclinations, as the limit of lateral tip of the machine is rapidly attained. In addition, it is impossible to dig a vertical trench perpendicularly to the direction of the slope ; in view o the small clearance of the stabilizers or the wheels, which does not enable the machine -to be placed in a horizontal position.
According to another known construction~ the wheels .,1 are mounted on pivoting arms and the machine comprises a base provided with cross-pieces at its ends and on which it rests during operation, the wheel-carrying arms being lifted. The base comprises at its centre a gear ring for the orientation of the whole superstructure, on which the wheel-carrying arms are mounted, whilst the base rests on the ground. These wheel-carrying arms are lowered for displacement but, despite the improvement obtained, the presence of the stabilization cross-32~
' pieces reduces the leading and tra:iling angles.
In order for example to be able to dig vertical trenches in adirection perpendicular to a slope, it has already been proposed to produce a machine provided with a pair of wheels mounted on wheel-carrying arms which may pivot on one end of a chassis and with a pair of stabilizers provided at the other end of this chassis, the superstructure being rotat-able on said chassis through a gear ring allowing orientation. The differential control of the wheel-carrying arms and the stabili~ers makes it possible to maintain the machine in a vertical position, perpendicularly to the slope. However, such a machine cannot travel on a highway by itself.
It must be transported on a vehicle with a platform and it travels on the site by abutting on the working attachment.
It is an object of the invention to remedy the drawbacks of existing machines and to allow a self-propelling hydraulic loading shovel to be produced which may tra~el both on the highway and on poor ground due to its adjustable ground clearance, and further capable of working on ground having a high angle of slope, in conditions making it possible, if desired, to dig vertical trenches perpendicularly to the slope of the ground.
The present invention accordingly provides a vehicle comprising a lower chassis, a first pair of wheels carried by said lower chassis near one end of said chassis, a pair of liftable or retractable stabili~ers carried near another end of said lower chassis, a superstructure adapted ; to carry working equipment, said superstructure being rotatably mounted on said lower chassis, a second pair of wheels carried by said superstructure, means for moving said second pair of wheels between a lifted position and a position in contact with the ground when said superstructure occupies a . position with respect to said lower chassis such that said second pair of wheels carried by said superstructure is directed towards the end of the machine opposite to that end carrying said first pair of wheels, and means for controlling the rotation of said superstructure with respect to said ` D
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lower chassis when said second pair of ~heels is resting on the ground, for operating the machine during its movement from one place to another.
The wheels provided on the lower chassis are advantageously ad-justable relatively to this lower chassis in order to be able to vary the ground clearance of the machine, and their adjustment stroke is such that they may be brought into a lifted position in which the machine may rest on the ground by its lower chassis.
At least one of the pairs of wheels of the lower chassis and of the superstructure can be mounted on arms pivoting about horizontal axes, and means may be provided for controlling said arms for adjusting or liEting the wheels. According to an apparently advantageous arrangement, the horizontal pivot axes of said arms are oriented transversely with respect to the longitudinal axis of the machine.
According to a preferred embodiment, the stabilizers are mounted on the opposite sides of the lower chassis so as to be able to pivot about horizontal axes, and means such as hydraulic jacks are provided for ensuring . ~
their displacement between a working position ~abutment on the ground) and a lifted position. However, it will be understood that these stabilizers could be provided on an end face of the lower chassis. These stabilizers can also be mounted so as to be able to pivot about vertical axes, this enabling their orientation with respect to the lower chassis to provide an optimum stability adapted to the ground conditions encountered.
A suitable arrangement consists in providing the wheels of the lower chassis towards one end thereof and the stabilizers D
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towards the other end, in order to increase the stability during operation.
The superstructure can be rotatably mounted on the lower chassis by means of a gear ring, as known for this type of machine, comprising a gear ring meshing with a pinion or like member. According to another feature, means are pro-vided for driving said pinion, and thus the gear ring, selectively from a steering mechanism or from the steering wheel of the machine, so that the steering of the machine during its transport or displacement is ensured by articulation of the lower chassis and the superstructure, each of which is resting on the ground through a pair of wheels, about the axis of the gear ring. However, it will be understood that these movements of orientation or steering of the machine by articulation may be obtained by other means~ for example by hydraulic jacks.
The propulsion of the machine may be ensured from one ;-~ or more hydraulic motors driving a mechanism kinematically connected to at least one of the pairs of wheels~ preferably to the wheels provided on the superstructure, for example by a chain and pinion drive.
According to a possible arrangement, orientation of ` the superstructure may then be controlled from this mechanism, or example through a disconnectable device. In such a case, the pinion or like member meshing with the gear ring is also connected through a disconnectable device to the steering wheel of the machine. 'rhis connection may be effected by hydraulic means comprising a small hydraulic steering motor~
In this case, a valve can be provided in the system to avoid driving the steering wheel upon orientation of the superstruc-' ' .,~
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ture during operation.
Acc~rding to another e~mbodiment, a devlce independent of the system of propulsion of the machine is provided to ensure both the orientation of the superstructure and the steering of the machine9 a disconnectable means or a system of hydraulic valves being provided to connect this device functionally to a source of energy~ such as the hydraullc system of the machine or to -the steering wheel~
Means may also be provided to ensure the positive drive of the wheels of the lower chassis, for example at the low speeds of the machinel for travelling on the site. The ~- drive of the two pairs of wheels may then be rendered selective or may be coupled~ The wheels provided on the super-`~ structure are driving during high speed travel, particularly on a highway.
The drive of at least one of the pairs of wheels may also, if desired, be ensured directly by hydraulic wheel motors.
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It Will be readily understood that the invention thus ;~ 20 enables a machine to be produced which is capable of movingby its own means, both on the highway and on a site, when the two pairs of wheels rest on the ground. The control of the wheel-carrying arms enables the ground clearance to be ad~usted and thus a lowering of the centre of gravity to be obtained on the highway, thus providing a better stability, and a capa-city of cl~aring obstacles on uneven ground, by increasing the ground clearance. A diferential control of the wheel-carrying arms of the lower chassis and the parallel connection of the jacks of the wheel-carrying arms of the superstructure also enable the machine to travel perpendicularly to the slope of _ 5 _ ;~
2Ll the ground whilst remaining horizontal. The ste~ring of the ~ machine during its displacement is then ensured by ar-t;culation ; of its two parts about the axis of the gear ring~
For operation, the abutment of the stabilizers on the ground in the desired position of orientation and the lifting of the wheels of the superstructure provide for the rnachine a good stability and allow the free rotation of the superstructure, with its working attachment, through 360~ In -this conclition, the differential control of the jacks of the wheel-carrying arms and the stabilizer jacks enables the machine to be main-tained in a horizontal position ? even on sloping land, this facilitating work and making it possible to dig vertical tren-ches in a direction perpendicular to the slope of the ground.
The invention will be more easily understood on reading the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which -Fig. 1 is a elevational view of the sel-propelled hydraulic loading shovel according to the invention, in its position for travel on -the highway.
Fig. 2 is a corresponding plan view.
Fig. 3 is a view similar to ~ig. 1, but showing the shovel ready for operation~
Fig. 4 is a corresponding plan view~
Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 3, showing the preferred working position of the shovel~ in which the working attachment is oriented towards the stabilizers.
Fig. 6 is a corresponding plan view.
Fig. 7 is an end view showing the machine in a position enabling it to dig a vertical trench perpendicularly to the direction of slope.
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Fig~ 8 and ~ are schematic representations o~ two embodiments of propulsion 9 orienta-tion and steering systems for the hydraulic shovel.
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`~ Referring now to the drawings, the self-propelled hydraulic shovel shown therein comprises a lower chassls 1, ~` at one end of which are articulated arms 2 which may pivot about a horizontal axis perpendicular to the longitudinal ~- direction of this lower chassis 1 and carrying front wh~els ` 3. ~rms 2 are controlled by means of jacks 4 also articulated ` 10 on this lower chassis 1.
,~ Stabilizers 5 are provided towards the other end of this lower chassis 1~ on each of its sides. They are pivoted ~ about a horizontal axis 6 on a support 7 whichg itself, may - pivot on the chassis 1 about a vertical axis. The stabilizers 5 are controlled ln the vertical plane by means of jacks 8 (Fig. 2).
Means (not shown) are provided on the lower chassis for orientating the stabilizers 5 about the vertical pivotal axis of the supports 7, between a position which in principle is oriented at 90 with respect to the longitudinal axis of the lower chassis 1 and ~arious positions of inclination on this longitudinal axis 9 opposite the wheels 3~ The stabilizers 5 are provided with lower shoes 9 in a manner known per se.
~ superstructure generally designated by reference numeral 10 is mounted on the lower chassis 1 so as to be able to rotate through 360 via a gear ring 11 allowing orientation.
This superstructure carries, towards one end, a working attachment which may be known per se and which is designed as a whole by reference numeral 12, and at its other end a counter-:
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weight 13. A cab 14, for the driver, i5 provided on the super-structure laterally with respect to the working attachment 12.
Although a working atlachment has been shown here which comprises a jib or boom assembled in two parts, an arm articu-S lated on this jib or boom and a retro acting drag bucket, itwill be understood that this attachment may be arranged in any desired manner and may also be interchangeable, without depar-ting from the scope of the invention~
Opposite the working attachmen-t 12, the superstructure 10 carries, towards its lower part, wheel-carrying arms 15 hich may pivot on the superstructure 10 about horizontal axes 16 perpendicular to the normal longitudinal axis of the machine.
These arms 15 carry wheels 17 and their plvoting movement is controlled by means of hydraulic jacks 18. In the embodiment shown, the arms and jacks are articulated on the sides of the superstructure 10. Driving systems of any type~ for example chain and pinion drives, are in the present case housed inside the arms 15 for the propulsion of the machine, the wheels 17 thus constituting driving wheels. However, it is obvious that different propelling means, such as hydraulic wheel motors 7 might also be provided if desired~
The chambers of the jacks 18 associated with the wheels 17 are permanently in communication in two's, so that when an outside action tends to displace one of the wheels 17 upwardly, the other wheel moves by the same ampli-tude downwardly in a compensating movement. This communication allows the four wheels of the machine to remain in contact with the ground, whatever the profile of the ground.
Fig,. 1 and 2 show the condition of the machine when it ; ~
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is travelling on a highway. It is seen that~ in this conditionl -the arms 15 are lowered7 so that the machine rests on the ground, at -the front tnrough the wheels 3 and at the rear through wheels 17, the stabilizers 5 being lifted almost vertically on S the sides. The drive o* the driving wheels 17 as indicated hereinafter then ensures the propulsion of the machine. The control of the arms 2 and 15 by means of the hydraulic jacks ~
and 18 enables the ground clearance of the machine to be adjusted as desired, and in particular enables it to be given a small ; 10 clearance for its travel on a highway, this providing a good stability. For tra~el on poor ground, tne ground clearance may - be increased as desired by extending the jacks.
- In the condition of transport considered, it is under-stood, as indicated in broken lines in Fig. 2, that it is possible to pivot, by a certain angle with respect to one another, the lower chassis 1 and the superstxucture 10 about the gear ring 11, this enabling the machine to be directed due to it5 articulated nature.
Figs. 3 and 4 show the prepara-tion of the machine for ` 20 operation. For this operation, the stabilizers 5 are folded about horizontal axis 6 by means of the hydraulic jacks 8 and they are pivoted by the supports 7 so as to take a suitable orientation for the stability of the machine during the operation, for example an orientation substantially at 45 with respect to the longitudinal axis of the machine as shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 3 also shows that the arms 2 carrying the wheels 3 are controlled so as subst:antially to reduce the ground clearance.
The wheel-carrying arms 15 are, moreover, lifted so that -~ the wheels 17 are directed substantially upwardly, these wheels , .
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then being located 7 wi-th the arms, in the gauge of the super~
- structure 10.
When the position shown in F`igs. 3 and 4 ls obtained, the orientation of the superstructure 10 is controlled so that the working attachment is orienta-ted towards the stabilizers 5, ,, this provicling an optimum stability during operation~ Opera-tion may then take place normallyD To increase the depth of work, it is also possible to control, by means of the jacks 4, the lif-ting of arms 2 7 the machine then res-ting on the ground by its lower chassis 1, the lateral s-tability always being ensured by the stabilizers 5 7 of which the position in the vertical plane is adjusked accordingly. A study of Fig. 5 shows that, in this position, the wheels 3 indicated in broken lines occupy a position corresponding to a clearance to the rear of the lS superstructure 10, which therefore does not hinder the orienta-tion thereof.
Fig. 7 shows the position occupied by the machine for diggingl for example, a trench in a direction perpendicular to the slope of the ground.
To carry out work of this type, the jacks 4 for adjusting the arms 2 are subjected to a differential control, and the same applies to the jacks 8 of the stabilizers 5, so as to ~ maintain the machine in the vertical position shown. The stabi-- lity during operation is then very good and no tipping of the machine is to be feared, the working attachment being able to work vertically.
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Moreover, it will be appreciated that this vertical position o~ the machine may be obtained when said machine is ` travelling on sloping ground, by the suitable control of the -:
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arms 2 carrying the wheels 3 and due to the comrnunication . . .
` existing, as indicated hereinabove, between the jacks 16 asso-.. ciated with the arms 15 carrying the wheels 17.
` Fig. 8 shows an embod:iment of the transmission systern which may be used on the machine -forming the subject matter of the invention, for ensuring :its propulsion, the control of orientation of the superstructure 10 and the steering control during travel of the machine.
The arrangement shown cornprises a main hydraulic motor 20 which is driven in any suitable manner from a pump provided on the machine and whose outlet drives a first shaft 21 of a gear or transmission box 22. This shaft 21 bears gear wheels 23 which mesh with gear wheels 24 mounted on a secondary shaft 25 ; of the gear box 22, this shaft being associated with a sliding gear 26 which allows the selective connection of one or the other of the gear wheels 24 with shaft 25 9 to supply different speeds at the outlet of the gear box 22~ This secondary shaft 25 constitutes the shaft for propelling the machine. It drives, via a bevel gear 27, a differential 28 of conventional type , , which, for its part, drives two half-shafts of wheels 29 ensu-ring, through epicyclic trains 30 and a chain and pinion trans-` mission 31 housed in the wheel-carrying arms 15, the drive of the rear wheels 17 of the machinev Each half-shaft 29 carries ;~ a brake 32~
The secondary shaft 25 of the gear box 22 may drive, through a ~og clutch system 33, another driven shaft 34 which, itself~ ensures, through a bevel gear 35, the drive of a pinion 36 meshing with a gear ring 37 which constitu-tes the active element of the gear ring 11 determining the orientation of the .:
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superstructure 10 of the machine. Thus, upon dog cl-u-tch enga~
gement of the device 33, -the main motor 20 ensures the orien--tation of the superstructure 10 of the machine in the desired manner. The locking of the orientation may be ensured by the brakes 32~
Fig. 8 also schematically shows a steering wheel 38 which is associated with a device 39 for hydraulically con-trol~
ling the steering, ensuring the control of a small hydraulic ~ .
pump 40 through a valve 4~. The driven shaft of this hydraulic pump carries a pinion 42 which meshes with a gear wheel 43 carried by the shaEt 34.
When -the device 33 is disengaged and the valve 41 is in a position of communication, a manoeuvring of the steering wheel 38 ensures, by the devic~ 39, the auxiliary motor 40 and the gearing 42, 43, the drive of shaft 34, and, by said latter and `~ the bevel gear 35, the drive of pinion 36 and consequently of ; the gear ring 37t to provide an angular displacement of small amplitude of the superstructure 10 with respect to the lower chassis 1, as shown in Fig. 2, this thus enabling the machin~
to be steered when running.
The valve 41 makes it possible, when it is brought into out-off position, to avoid the drive of the sterring wheel during the manoeuvres of orientation of the superstructure 10 . ~
from the main motor 20, as îndicated previously.
Fig. 9, in which elements similar to those shown in Fig. 8 have been designated by the same references~ shows another embodiment in which the orientation and steering during running are both ensured from an auxiliary motor 44 of which the driven shaft drives a gearing 45 which itself controls the ''~' ',~' ,' . . . ~
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bevel gear 46 drivin(3 the pinion 36 in mesh with the gear rinq 37. A valve 47 is here provided between the circuit comprising the auxiliary motor 4~ and the steering sys-te~ 38, 39 and the hydraulic supply of the mach-Lne~ in order to ensure, in one position, through auxiliary walves 48, the direct supply of the auxiliary motor 44, for the orientation of the superstruc-ture 10, by isolating the steering wheel and7 in the other position, the communication oF the device 39 with the auxiliary motor 44, by isolating all -the hydraulic system of the machine, for the steering control.
It is seen that an articulated self-propelled hydraulic loading shovel is thus obtained which may -tra~el either with a small clearance for transport on the highway or with a conside-rable clearance or transport on uneven ground, by the control o the hydraulic jacks 4 and 18 associated with the wheel-carrying arms 2 and 15. The steering of this hydraulic shovel is ensured by a relative displacement between the lower chassis 1 and the superstructure 10 by simple means, without steering axle and in such a manner as to furnish a radius of turn of reduced value, ensuring a good handling ability.
When the machine is travelling on a sloping ground in a direction perpendicular to the slope, it may conserve a horizontal position by suitable control of the jacks 4 of the front wheels 3 and by the compensation between the jacks 18 of the rear wheels 17. This position may be retained by the combi-nation of the action of the stabilizers with that of the wheels, this allowing a correction of considerable slopes, making it possible to dig vertical trenches perpendicularly to the slope.
Finally, as indicated hereinbefore, the machine may rest on the ~ound via its lower chassis, -this increasing the depth of digging.
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The present invention generally relate~ -to puhlic works machines such as hydraulic loading shovels.
Known self-propelling hydraulic loading shovels usually comprise a rigid chassis provided with four wheels, at least twolof which are driving wheels and on which are mounted one or two pairs of stabilizers. This chassis carries a rotatable superstructure at one end of which is pivoted a working attachment.
One drawback of these machines lies in the f;-ct that they are not suitable for displacement over poor ground, due to their small ground clearance and to the small trailing angles resulting from the presence of the stabilizers. Simi-larly, displacement on inclined ground in a direction perpen-dicular to the slope of this ground is limited to small inclinations, as the limit of lateral tip of the machine is rapidly attained. In addition, it is impossible to dig a vertical trench perpendicularly to the direction of the slope ; in view o the small clearance of the stabilizers or the wheels, which does not enable the machine -to be placed in a horizontal position.
According to another known construction~ the wheels .,1 are mounted on pivoting arms and the machine comprises a base provided with cross-pieces at its ends and on which it rests during operation, the wheel-carrying arms being lifted. The base comprises at its centre a gear ring for the orientation of the whole superstructure, on which the wheel-carrying arms are mounted, whilst the base rests on the ground. These wheel-carrying arms are lowered for displacement but, despite the improvement obtained, the presence of the stabilization cross-32~
' pieces reduces the leading and tra:iling angles.
In order for example to be able to dig vertical trenches in adirection perpendicular to a slope, it has already been proposed to produce a machine provided with a pair of wheels mounted on wheel-carrying arms which may pivot on one end of a chassis and with a pair of stabilizers provided at the other end of this chassis, the superstructure being rotat-able on said chassis through a gear ring allowing orientation. The differential control of the wheel-carrying arms and the stabili~ers makes it possible to maintain the machine in a vertical position, perpendicularly to the slope. However, such a machine cannot travel on a highway by itself.
It must be transported on a vehicle with a platform and it travels on the site by abutting on the working attachment.
It is an object of the invention to remedy the drawbacks of existing machines and to allow a self-propelling hydraulic loading shovel to be produced which may tra~el both on the highway and on poor ground due to its adjustable ground clearance, and further capable of working on ground having a high angle of slope, in conditions making it possible, if desired, to dig vertical trenches perpendicularly to the slope of the ground.
The present invention accordingly provides a vehicle comprising a lower chassis, a first pair of wheels carried by said lower chassis near one end of said chassis, a pair of liftable or retractable stabili~ers carried near another end of said lower chassis, a superstructure adapted ; to carry working equipment, said superstructure being rotatably mounted on said lower chassis, a second pair of wheels carried by said superstructure, means for moving said second pair of wheels between a lifted position and a position in contact with the ground when said superstructure occupies a . position with respect to said lower chassis such that said second pair of wheels carried by said superstructure is directed towards the end of the machine opposite to that end carrying said first pair of wheels, and means for controlling the rotation of said superstructure with respect to said ` D
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lower chassis when said second pair of ~heels is resting on the ground, for operating the machine during its movement from one place to another.
The wheels provided on the lower chassis are advantageously ad-justable relatively to this lower chassis in order to be able to vary the ground clearance of the machine, and their adjustment stroke is such that they may be brought into a lifted position in which the machine may rest on the ground by its lower chassis.
At least one of the pairs of wheels of the lower chassis and of the superstructure can be mounted on arms pivoting about horizontal axes, and means may be provided for controlling said arms for adjusting or liEting the wheels. According to an apparently advantageous arrangement, the horizontal pivot axes of said arms are oriented transversely with respect to the longitudinal axis of the machine.
According to a preferred embodiment, the stabilizers are mounted on the opposite sides of the lower chassis so as to be able to pivot about horizontal axes, and means such as hydraulic jacks are provided for ensuring . ~
their displacement between a working position ~abutment on the ground) and a lifted position. However, it will be understood that these stabilizers could be provided on an end face of the lower chassis. These stabilizers can also be mounted so as to be able to pivot about vertical axes, this enabling their orientation with respect to the lower chassis to provide an optimum stability adapted to the ground conditions encountered.
A suitable arrangement consists in providing the wheels of the lower chassis towards one end thereof and the stabilizers D
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towards the other end, in order to increase the stability during operation.
The superstructure can be rotatably mounted on the lower chassis by means of a gear ring, as known for this type of machine, comprising a gear ring meshing with a pinion or like member. According to another feature, means are pro-vided for driving said pinion, and thus the gear ring, selectively from a steering mechanism or from the steering wheel of the machine, so that the steering of the machine during its transport or displacement is ensured by articulation of the lower chassis and the superstructure, each of which is resting on the ground through a pair of wheels, about the axis of the gear ring. However, it will be understood that these movements of orientation or steering of the machine by articulation may be obtained by other means~ for example by hydraulic jacks.
The propulsion of the machine may be ensured from one ;-~ or more hydraulic motors driving a mechanism kinematically connected to at least one of the pairs of wheels~ preferably to the wheels provided on the superstructure, for example by a chain and pinion drive.
According to a possible arrangement, orientation of ` the superstructure may then be controlled from this mechanism, or example through a disconnectable device. In such a case, the pinion or like member meshing with the gear ring is also connected through a disconnectable device to the steering wheel of the machine. 'rhis connection may be effected by hydraulic means comprising a small hydraulic steering motor~
In this case, a valve can be provided in the system to avoid driving the steering wheel upon orientation of the superstruc-' ' .,~
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ture during operation.
Acc~rding to another e~mbodiment, a devlce independent of the system of propulsion of the machine is provided to ensure both the orientation of the superstructure and the steering of the machine9 a disconnectable means or a system of hydraulic valves being provided to connect this device functionally to a source of energy~ such as the hydraullc system of the machine or to -the steering wheel~
Means may also be provided to ensure the positive drive of the wheels of the lower chassis, for example at the low speeds of the machinel for travelling on the site. The ~- drive of the two pairs of wheels may then be rendered selective or may be coupled~ The wheels provided on the super-`~ structure are driving during high speed travel, particularly on a highway.
The drive of at least one of the pairs of wheels may also, if desired, be ensured directly by hydraulic wheel motors.
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It Will be readily understood that the invention thus ;~ 20 enables a machine to be produced which is capable of movingby its own means, both on the highway and on a site, when the two pairs of wheels rest on the ground. The control of the wheel-carrying arms enables the ground clearance to be ad~usted and thus a lowering of the centre of gravity to be obtained on the highway, thus providing a better stability, and a capa-city of cl~aring obstacles on uneven ground, by increasing the ground clearance. A diferential control of the wheel-carrying arms of the lower chassis and the parallel connection of the jacks of the wheel-carrying arms of the superstructure also enable the machine to travel perpendicularly to the slope of _ 5 _ ;~
2Ll the ground whilst remaining horizontal. The ste~ring of the ~ machine during its displacement is then ensured by ar-t;culation ; of its two parts about the axis of the gear ring~
For operation, the abutment of the stabilizers on the ground in the desired position of orientation and the lifting of the wheels of the superstructure provide for the rnachine a good stability and allow the free rotation of the superstructure, with its working attachment, through 360~ In -this conclition, the differential control of the jacks of the wheel-carrying arms and the stabilizer jacks enables the machine to be main-tained in a horizontal position ? even on sloping land, this facilitating work and making it possible to dig vertical tren-ches in a direction perpendicular to the slope of the ground.
The invention will be more easily understood on reading the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which -Fig. 1 is a elevational view of the sel-propelled hydraulic loading shovel according to the invention, in its position for travel on -the highway.
Fig. 2 is a corresponding plan view.
Fig. 3 is a view similar to ~ig. 1, but showing the shovel ready for operation~
Fig. 4 is a corresponding plan view~
Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 3, showing the preferred working position of the shovel~ in which the working attachment is oriented towards the stabilizers.
Fig. 6 is a corresponding plan view.
Fig. 7 is an end view showing the machine in a position enabling it to dig a vertical trench perpendicularly to the direction of slope.
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Fig~ 8 and ~ are schematic representations o~ two embodiments of propulsion 9 orienta-tion and steering systems for the hydraulic shovel.
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`~ Referring now to the drawings, the self-propelled hydraulic shovel shown therein comprises a lower chassls 1, ~` at one end of which are articulated arms 2 which may pivot about a horizontal axis perpendicular to the longitudinal ~- direction of this lower chassis 1 and carrying front wh~els ` 3. ~rms 2 are controlled by means of jacks 4 also articulated ` 10 on this lower chassis 1.
,~ Stabilizers 5 are provided towards the other end of this lower chassis 1~ on each of its sides. They are pivoted ~ about a horizontal axis 6 on a support 7 whichg itself, may - pivot on the chassis 1 about a vertical axis. The stabilizers 5 are controlled ln the vertical plane by means of jacks 8 (Fig. 2).
Means (not shown) are provided on the lower chassis for orientating the stabilizers 5 about the vertical pivotal axis of the supports 7, between a position which in principle is oriented at 90 with respect to the longitudinal axis of the lower chassis 1 and ~arious positions of inclination on this longitudinal axis 9 opposite the wheels 3~ The stabilizers 5 are provided with lower shoes 9 in a manner known per se.
~ superstructure generally designated by reference numeral 10 is mounted on the lower chassis 1 so as to be able to rotate through 360 via a gear ring 11 allowing orientation.
This superstructure carries, towards one end, a working attachment which may be known per se and which is designed as a whole by reference numeral 12, and at its other end a counter-:
,`
3%~
~ .
weight 13. A cab 14, for the driver, i5 provided on the super-structure laterally with respect to the working attachment 12.
Although a working atlachment has been shown here which comprises a jib or boom assembled in two parts, an arm articu-S lated on this jib or boom and a retro acting drag bucket, itwill be understood that this attachment may be arranged in any desired manner and may also be interchangeable, without depar-ting from the scope of the invention~
Opposite the working attachmen-t 12, the superstructure 10 carries, towards its lower part, wheel-carrying arms 15 hich may pivot on the superstructure 10 about horizontal axes 16 perpendicular to the normal longitudinal axis of the machine.
These arms 15 carry wheels 17 and their plvoting movement is controlled by means of hydraulic jacks 18. In the embodiment shown, the arms and jacks are articulated on the sides of the superstructure 10. Driving systems of any type~ for example chain and pinion drives, are in the present case housed inside the arms 15 for the propulsion of the machine, the wheels 17 thus constituting driving wheels. However, it is obvious that different propelling means, such as hydraulic wheel motors 7 might also be provided if desired~
The chambers of the jacks 18 associated with the wheels 17 are permanently in communication in two's, so that when an outside action tends to displace one of the wheels 17 upwardly, the other wheel moves by the same ampli-tude downwardly in a compensating movement. This communication allows the four wheels of the machine to remain in contact with the ground, whatever the profile of the ground.
Fig,. 1 and 2 show the condition of the machine when it ; ~
' .
:
`::
is travelling on a highway. It is seen that~ in this conditionl -the arms 15 are lowered7 so that the machine rests on the ground, at -the front tnrough the wheels 3 and at the rear through wheels 17, the stabilizers 5 being lifted almost vertically on S the sides. The drive o* the driving wheels 17 as indicated hereinafter then ensures the propulsion of the machine. The control of the arms 2 and 15 by means of the hydraulic jacks ~
and 18 enables the ground clearance of the machine to be adjusted as desired, and in particular enables it to be given a small ; 10 clearance for its travel on a highway, this providing a good stability. For tra~el on poor ground, tne ground clearance may - be increased as desired by extending the jacks.
- In the condition of transport considered, it is under-stood, as indicated in broken lines in Fig. 2, that it is possible to pivot, by a certain angle with respect to one another, the lower chassis 1 and the superstxucture 10 about the gear ring 11, this enabling the machine to be directed due to it5 articulated nature.
Figs. 3 and 4 show the prepara-tion of the machine for ` 20 operation. For this operation, the stabilizers 5 are folded about horizontal axis 6 by means of the hydraulic jacks 8 and they are pivoted by the supports 7 so as to take a suitable orientation for the stability of the machine during the operation, for example an orientation substantially at 45 with respect to the longitudinal axis of the machine as shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 3 also shows that the arms 2 carrying the wheels 3 are controlled so as subst:antially to reduce the ground clearance.
The wheel-carrying arms 15 are, moreover, lifted so that -~ the wheels 17 are directed substantially upwardly, these wheels , .
~ _ 9 ~
then being located 7 wi-th the arms, in the gauge of the super~
- structure 10.
When the position shown in F`igs. 3 and 4 ls obtained, the orientation of the superstructure 10 is controlled so that the working attachment is orienta-ted towards the stabilizers 5, ,, this provicling an optimum stability during operation~ Opera-tion may then take place normallyD To increase the depth of work, it is also possible to control, by means of the jacks 4, the lif-ting of arms 2 7 the machine then res-ting on the ground by its lower chassis 1, the lateral s-tability always being ensured by the stabilizers 5 7 of which the position in the vertical plane is adjusked accordingly. A study of Fig. 5 shows that, in this position, the wheels 3 indicated in broken lines occupy a position corresponding to a clearance to the rear of the lS superstructure 10, which therefore does not hinder the orienta-tion thereof.
Fig. 7 shows the position occupied by the machine for diggingl for example, a trench in a direction perpendicular to the slope of the ground.
To carry out work of this type, the jacks 4 for adjusting the arms 2 are subjected to a differential control, and the same applies to the jacks 8 of the stabilizers 5, so as to ~ maintain the machine in the vertical position shown. The stabi-- lity during operation is then very good and no tipping of the machine is to be feared, the working attachment being able to work vertically.
..
Moreover, it will be appreciated that this vertical position o~ the machine may be obtained when said machine is ` travelling on sloping ground, by the suitable control of the -:
:.
6~
.
arms 2 carrying the wheels 3 and due to the comrnunication . . .
` existing, as indicated hereinabove, between the jacks 16 asso-.. ciated with the arms 15 carrying the wheels 17.
` Fig. 8 shows an embod:iment of the transmission systern which may be used on the machine -forming the subject matter of the invention, for ensuring :its propulsion, the control of orientation of the superstructure 10 and the steering control during travel of the machine.
The arrangement shown cornprises a main hydraulic motor 20 which is driven in any suitable manner from a pump provided on the machine and whose outlet drives a first shaft 21 of a gear or transmission box 22. This shaft 21 bears gear wheels 23 which mesh with gear wheels 24 mounted on a secondary shaft 25 ; of the gear box 22, this shaft being associated with a sliding gear 26 which allows the selective connection of one or the other of the gear wheels 24 with shaft 25 9 to supply different speeds at the outlet of the gear box 22~ This secondary shaft 25 constitutes the shaft for propelling the machine. It drives, via a bevel gear 27, a differential 28 of conventional type , , which, for its part, drives two half-shafts of wheels 29 ensu-ring, through epicyclic trains 30 and a chain and pinion trans-` mission 31 housed in the wheel-carrying arms 15, the drive of the rear wheels 17 of the machinev Each half-shaft 29 carries ;~ a brake 32~
The secondary shaft 25 of the gear box 22 may drive, through a ~og clutch system 33, another driven shaft 34 which, itself~ ensures, through a bevel gear 35, the drive of a pinion 36 meshing with a gear ring 37 which constitu-tes the active element of the gear ring 11 determining the orientation of the .:
:
superstructure 10 of the machine. Thus, upon dog cl-u-tch enga~
gement of the device 33, -the main motor 20 ensures the orien--tation of the superstructure 10 of the machine in the desired manner. The locking of the orientation may be ensured by the brakes 32~
Fig. 8 also schematically shows a steering wheel 38 which is associated with a device 39 for hydraulically con-trol~
ling the steering, ensuring the control of a small hydraulic ~ .
pump 40 through a valve 4~. The driven shaft of this hydraulic pump carries a pinion 42 which meshes with a gear wheel 43 carried by the shaEt 34.
When -the device 33 is disengaged and the valve 41 is in a position of communication, a manoeuvring of the steering wheel 38 ensures, by the devic~ 39, the auxiliary motor 40 and the gearing 42, 43, the drive of shaft 34, and, by said latter and `~ the bevel gear 35, the drive of pinion 36 and consequently of ; the gear ring 37t to provide an angular displacement of small amplitude of the superstructure 10 with respect to the lower chassis 1, as shown in Fig. 2, this thus enabling the machin~
to be steered when running.
The valve 41 makes it possible, when it is brought into out-off position, to avoid the drive of the sterring wheel during the manoeuvres of orientation of the superstructure 10 . ~
from the main motor 20, as îndicated previously.
Fig. 9, in which elements similar to those shown in Fig. 8 have been designated by the same references~ shows another embodiment in which the orientation and steering during running are both ensured from an auxiliary motor 44 of which the driven shaft drives a gearing 45 which itself controls the ''~' ',~' ,' . . . ~
. ~ .
~ i3~'~
bevel gear 46 drivin(3 the pinion 36 in mesh with the gear rinq 37. A valve 47 is here provided between the circuit comprising the auxiliary motor 4~ and the steering sys-te~ 38, 39 and the hydraulic supply of the mach-Lne~ in order to ensure, in one position, through auxiliary walves 48, the direct supply of the auxiliary motor 44, for the orientation of the superstruc-ture 10, by isolating the steering wheel and7 in the other position, the communication oF the device 39 with the auxiliary motor 44, by isolating all -the hydraulic system of the machine, for the steering control.
It is seen that an articulated self-propelled hydraulic loading shovel is thus obtained which may -tra~el either with a small clearance for transport on the highway or with a conside-rable clearance or transport on uneven ground, by the control o the hydraulic jacks 4 and 18 associated with the wheel-carrying arms 2 and 15. The steering of this hydraulic shovel is ensured by a relative displacement between the lower chassis 1 and the superstructure 10 by simple means, without steering axle and in such a manner as to furnish a radius of turn of reduced value, ensuring a good handling ability.
When the machine is travelling on a sloping ground in a direction perpendicular to the slope, it may conserve a horizontal position by suitable control of the jacks 4 of the front wheels 3 and by the compensation between the jacks 18 of the rear wheels 17. This position may be retained by the combi-nation of the action of the stabilizers with that of the wheels, this allowing a correction of considerable slopes, making it possible to dig vertical trenches perpendicularly to the slope.
Finally, as indicated hereinbefore, the machine may rest on the ~ound via its lower chassis, -this increasing the depth of digging.
_ 13 -. ' ~
Claims (10)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A vehicle comprising a lower chassis, a first pair of wheels carried by said lower chassis near one end of said chassis, a pair of liftable or retractable stabilizers carried near another end of said lower chassis, a superstructure adapted to carry working equipment, said super-structure being rotatably mounted on said lower chassis, a second pair of wheels carried by said superstructure, means for moving said second pair of wheels between a lifted position and a position in contact with the ground when said superstructure occupies a position with respect to said lower chassis such that said second pair of wheels carried by said superstructure is directed towards the end of the machine opposite to that end carrying said first pair of wheels, and means for controlling the rotation of said superstructure with respect to said lower chassis when said second pair of wheels is resting on the ground, for operating the machine during its movement from one place to another.
2. A vehicle according to claim 1, wherein means are provided for changing the position of said first pair of wheels with respect to the lower chassis, in order to adjust ground clearance of the machine, said means being preferably arranged for lifting said first pair of wheels so that the machine can rest on the ground through said lower chassis.
3. A vehicle according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first and second pairs of wheels are carried by arms pivotally mounted on horizontal axes and means for controlling the pivoting movement of said arms for adjusting or lifting said pairs of wheels.
4. A vehicle according to claim 3, wherein the horizontal axes for the pivoting movement of the wheel-carrying arms are orientated transversally to the longitudinal axis of the machine.
5. A vehicle according to claim 1, wherein said stabilizers are mounted on the opposite sides of said lower chassis, in order to pivot about horizontal axes, and means are provided for moving said stabilizers between a working position in which they are resting on the ground and a lifted or retracted position.
6. A vehicle according to claim 5, wherein said stabilizers are pivotally mounted on said lower chassis about vertical axes, so that their orientation with respect to said lower chassis is adjustable.
7. A vehicle according to claim 1, wherein said first pair of wheels is mounted at one end of said lower chassis and said stabilizers are mounted at the opposite end of said lower chassis.
8. A vehicle according to claim 1, wherein said superstructure is rotatably mounted on said lower chassis through a gear ring comprising a gear meshing with a pinion or like member, and wherein means are provided for driving said pinion and said gear ring selectively from an orientation mechanism or a steering wheel, whereby steering of the machine is achieved by an articulation movement between said lower chassis and said superstructure about said gear ring.
9. A vehicle according to claim 8, comprising a motor driving said wheels through a transmission, and transmission or driving means arranged within wheel-carrying shafts, and wherein the output shaft of the gear box is connected to a control device for said gear ring, said device being also connected through disconnecting means to the steering wheel of the machine.
10. A vehicle according to claim 9, wherein the orientation control device comprises a hydraulic motor which can be connected to the hydraulic system of the machine or said steering wheel.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR78-05036 | 1978-02-22 | ||
| FR7805036A FR2418303A1 (en) | 1978-02-22 | 1978-02-22 | PUBLIC WORKS EQUIPMENT, SUCH AS A SELF-PROPELLED HYDRAULIC EXCAVATOR |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1106324A true CA1106324A (en) | 1981-08-04 |
Family
ID=9204899
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA322,079A Expired CA1106324A (en) | 1978-02-22 | 1979-02-22 | Public works machine, such as a self-propelled hydraulic loading shovel |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0010542B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS55500507A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1106324A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2962534D1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2418303A1 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1117620B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1979000651A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PT74697B (en) * | 1981-05-15 | 1983-10-25 | Menzi Ag Ernst | DREDGING |
| JP7170753B2 (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2022-11-14 | ボルボ・コンストラクション・イクイップメント・アクチエボラグ | working machine |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1304073A (en) * | 1960-11-24 | 1962-09-21 | Public works machine such as full rotation mechanical excavator | |
| FR1370019A (en) * | 1963-05-13 | 1964-08-21 | All terrain vehicle | |
| GB1175529A (en) * | 1965-12-02 | 1969-12-23 | Rhymney Engineering Company Lt | Mobile Working Machine |
| DE1988186U (en) * | 1968-03-12 | 1968-06-20 | Josef Kaiser Fahrzeugwerk | MOBILE, AS A DOVE BACKHOE OD. DGL. USABLE DEVICE. |
| CH470542A (en) * | 1968-06-19 | 1969-03-31 | Menzi Ag Ernst | Support structure for an excavator |
| AT312518B (en) * | 1969-07-25 | 1974-01-10 | Menzi Ag Ernst | Support structure for an excavator |
| DE2009645A1 (en) * | 1970-03-02 | 1971-11-18 | Karl SchaeffKG Maschinenfabrik, 7183 Langenburg | Backhoe |
-
1978
- 1978-02-22 FR FR7805036A patent/FR2418303A1/en active Granted
-
1979
- 1979-02-07 IT IT67272/79A patent/IT1117620B/en active
- 1979-02-08 WO PCT/FR1979/000011 patent/WO1979000651A1/en unknown
- 1979-02-08 JP JP50032879A patent/JPS55500507A/ja active Pending
- 1979-02-08 DE DE7979900149T patent/DE2962534D1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-02-22 CA CA322,079A patent/CA1106324A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-09-11 EP EP79900149A patent/EP0010542B1/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0010542A1 (en) | 1980-05-14 |
| JPS55500507A (en) | 1980-08-14 |
| IT1117620B (en) | 1986-02-17 |
| FR2418303A1 (en) | 1979-09-21 |
| FR2418303B1 (en) | 1983-01-07 |
| WO1979000651A1 (en) | 1979-09-06 |
| EP0010542B1 (en) | 1982-04-21 |
| DE2962534D1 (en) | 1982-06-03 |
| IT7967272A0 (en) | 1979-02-07 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |