CA1104416A - Method of and apparatus for making hand proofs of color prints - Google Patents
Method of and apparatus for making hand proofs of color printsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1104416A CA1104416A CA313,636A CA313636A CA1104416A CA 1104416 A CA1104416 A CA 1104416A CA 313636 A CA313636 A CA 313636A CA 1104416 A CA1104416 A CA 1104416A
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- photosensitizer
- colouring
- applying
- ink
- colouring material
- Prior art date
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Abstract
Abstract of Disclosure A table has a mechanically driven draw bar squeegee mounted thereon to spread ink and other substances in a uniform manner. There is an interchangeable plurality of such squeegees which may be sequentially placed in said table to enable successive layers of different types of materials to be spread, in sequence, over the surface of a paper. This suc-cession of materials includes an isolation layer between suc-cessive colors of ink, whereby a mistake on work in progress does not necessarily lead to a final destruction of all pre-viously done work. A feature of the invention is that the pigmented surface of dried ink is not seen through the tint of other material, such as photoresist, for example. Also, a releasable layer may be provided among the successive layers so that a hand proof copy may be transferred, as a decalcomania.
Description
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The invention relates to hand proof processes and apparatus for making either single or multicolored individua~
proofs, in the pigments of printer's ink.
In the graphic arts, it is customary to make expen-sive plates which may be used to print hundreds or thousands of copies, in one or more colors. The printed copies may be any suitable papers, charts, boards, posters, advertisements, or the like (hereinafter generically called "oolored prints").
Before investing capital, time, and effort in making these expensive plates, it is desirable to see how the finished colored print will look. The process of making an individual proof for such a purpose is not as easy as one would think.
Very often, the colors of piyments used in printer's inks are different from the colors used by the designer who laid out the copy to be reproduced by the plates. This is true even when the colors are blac~, white, gray, or other colors which - are sometimes overlooked when one considers colored prin~ing.
Therefore, there is no justific~tion for assuming that a colored print finished in printer's ink will necessarily have the anti-cipated appearance, based upon a viewing of the designer's work.Accordingly, it is desirable that means be provided for making individual proofs of colored prints printed in the very pigments that are used in printer's ink. This way any necessary or de-sirable corrections may be made before the printing plates are produced.
At first blush, it might appear obvious to photograph the designer's layout and then to use a resulting negative in '' ' 1 ' .~ .
conjunction with photoresist to apply printer's ink to a paper, in order to provide the final colored print. Since abou-t 1850, when naturally occurrin~ materials such as egg white were first used as a photoresist, it has been common practice to use photo-resist to make many different forms of printed copy. However, - these processes present two problems when making colored prints. First, photoresist is usually tinted so that the printer's ink pigments are not seen in their true colors.
Second, these colored prints have been hand crafts, which re-quixed the services of highly skilled artisans.
Several disadvantages are experienced when a process (such as the conventional photoresist process) depends directlyupon the skill of an artisan. First, there is a high labor cost since the quality of the final product generally tends to be about as good as the salary paid to the artisan, since higher skill levels command higher pay. Second, if the artisan is sick or otherwise unavailable, there may be a delay in se-curing his work product. Third, regardless of the artisan's skill level, the end product almost always has a hand crafte~
appearance. Hence, the colored print output of a printing press almost certainly has a different and sometimes unexpected appear-ance. Fourth, each time that an artisan has to add his work to a semifinished product, there is a chance for fail~re, which failure becomes more progressively costly, as the number of steps increase. Therefore, there has been a reluctance to use as many colors as might otherwise be desired.
Still other problems have been encountered when the number of different colors increase. Sometimes, one layer o ::
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printer's ink bleeds into or destroys another layer of ink.
Sometimes, the artisan actually damages a previously applied layer of ink when he attempts to lay down a succeeding layer of - in~. The multiplicity of colors have increased the number oflayers of photoresist over the colored layers of printer's ink -and therefore intensified the tint over such ink. Accordinglyr the prior art has sometimes re~uired the separate layers of color to be applied to separate sheets of transparent materials which are thereafter interleaved, to provide a final multi-. 10 layer product. Therefore, this process requires final coloredprints to be viewed through a substantial number of transparent layers, which gives an appearance that is different from a colored print which is printed on a printing press.
Still other problems inh~rent to hand crafted printing . 15 will readily occur to those who are skilled in the art.
Accordingly, an object of the invention is to provide new and improved apparatus for making individual proofs, and particularly for making colored prints in pigments used in printer's ink. Here, an object is to provide apparatus which 20 will reliably produce a proof of a colored print, free of thehand crafted appearance heretofore inherent in hand processes.
In this connection an object is to provide apparatus which al-most exactly dupl.icates the appearance of the output o~ a press using conventional printing plates, without any extraneous tints formed by photoresists remaining o~er the colors.
, Another object is to provide a hand proof process haviny isolation layers between successive colors, but not '' .
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having any photoresists ov er the colors. Ilere, an object is to protect previously laid down layers of pigments to preclude a necessarily complete destruction of work in process, if a mis take is made after a substantial work has been done on the copy~
Still another object of the invention is to provide a process which is equally applicable to colored prints on paper (or the like) and to decalcomania copy which may be trans-ferred responsive to a burnishing pressure.
In keeping with an aspect of this invention, these and other objects are accomplished by providiny a table haviny a mechanically driven draw bar squeegèe which spreads a pigmented substance in a uniform manner. By a succession of steps, a hand proof copy may be made which approaches, if not exactly duplicates, the manner in ~hich a convention printing plate, used on a printing press, spreads ink. ~mong other things, the inventive process enables a complete removal of all photo--sensitizers from the final colored print. There are three or more replaceable draw bar squeegees which may be installed or the table to enable successive layers of different types of inks, and other materials, to be spread in sequence. Also, the succession of applied materials are selected to provide isolation hetween successive layers of colored ink, whereby a mistake on work in progress does not necessarily lead to a final and complete destruction of all work previously done on theicopy work.
The nature of a preferred embodiment for performing and accomplishing these and other objects may be understood best from a study of the attached drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 is a pers~ective view of the inventive hand proof making apparatus;
Fig. 2 is a fragmentary cross section of Fiy. 1 taken along line 2-2, thereof;
Fiy. 3 is a side elevation view (partly in cross-section) showiny the distant side as viewed in Fig. 1 of the inventive apparatus;
Fig. 4 is a detailed fragmentary view, in perspective, of the sugueegee or draw bar carriage seen in Fig. l;
Fig. 5 is a plan view of a small part of the carriage taken along line 5-5 of Fig. 4 showing a draw bar elevator mechanism;
Fig. 6 isan elevation view of a part of a fragment of Fig. 5 showing a squeegee or draw bar capture latch;
lS Fig. 7 is a perspective view of a squeeyee or draw bar;
Fig. 8 shows, in perspective, a first embodiment of a foam or sponge squeegee used in the inventive process;
; ~ig. 9 is a cross sectional view taken along line 9-9 of Fig. 8;
~ig. 10 shows, in plan view, a second embodiment of a foam or sponge squeegee;
Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 11-11 of Fig. 10;
Fig. 12 is a perspective view of the squeegee of Fiss. 10, 11;
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Fig. 13 is a perspective view of apparatus used during one step in the development of the hand processed color proof;
Fig. 14 is a perspective view of apparatus used in another step of the inventive process; and Fig. 15 iS a schematic view of a decalcomania trans~er made by the inventive process.
The major assemblies of Fig. 1 are a table 20, a draw bar squeegee carriage mechanism 21, a control panel 22, draw bar squeegees and scabbard assembly 23, and a blower-dryer 24. The table 20 comprises a suitable number of support legs 30-32, a bed 34, and a paper supply system including supply roll 36 and take up roll 37.
The paper system provides an easy means for always presenting a clean working surface.More particularly, a wrapping paper is drawn from supply roll 36, under a guide bar 38, and across the fulL length and width of the table bed 34 to a take up roll 37. Preferably, the take up roll is power driven;
however, this is not essential.
The bed 34 is supported at opposite ends of the table with opposed parallel longitudinal slots 40, 41 at the edges of the bed. These slots enable and provide for the longî-tudinai movement of the draw bar squeegee carriage mechanism 21. As best seen in the cross section of Fig 2, the bed 34 comprises a sheet of hard material 43 covered by a soft sponge layer 44, which may be plywood or partial board having a layer of rubber sponge cemented thereto.
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Any suitable holders 42a, 42b may be mounted on opposite sldes of the table, to receive and support any supplies or material which a wor)er may use during his practice of the inventive process. The materials include in~;s and spra~s 45, lacquer ~6, etc.
~ clip supporting movable strip 50 extends across the width of and slides along the length of the table top or bed 34. Hence, the strip 50 may be slid back and rorth in directions A, B, to any convenient location. A pivotally mounted and spring biased clip 51 positioned on strip 50 may be raised or lowere~ to enable an insertion or removal of any suitable sub-strate, such as paper 52 (or any other suitable material) on which the proof will be printed. An optional pad or layer of dense foam 53 may be positioned under the substrate or paper 52t depending upon the nature of the desired proof copy. After the substrate or paper 52, and foam layer (if used), are in position, the clip 51 is released to secure them in position.
The carriage ~echanism 21 may be understood best from an inspection of Figs. 4-6. In greater detail, a pair of spaced parallel guide rails 57, 58 are mounted beneath and along opposite edges of the table bed 34, just inboard ~rom the slots 40, 41 A chassis 60 extends beneath and across the width of the table~
The opposite ends of chassis 60 have spaced parallel openings 61, 62 adapted to fit over the guide rails so that the chassis 60 may move in directions ~, B, along substantially the full length of the table bed 34. Any suitable bearings may be com-bined with these openings 61, 62 to insure a smooth and generally .
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friction-free carria~e motion. This is important so that the carriage motion will be smooth and free of any discontinuities which may tend to cause irregular spreading of ink.
Rigidly dependent from and integral with the chassis 60 is a threaded nut 63 having a feed screw 64 passing there-through. When the feed screw 64 rotates, the nut travels in either diréction ~ or direction B, depending upon whether the feed screw rotates clockwise or counterclockwise. Therefore, the chassis 60 also moves in direction A or B. A reversible motor 66 (Figs. 1, 3) may be provided to rotate the ~eed screw 64 in either the clockwise or counterclockwise direction. Any suitable bearings 67 may be provided for rotatably supporting the feed screw.
An alternative to said ~eed screw i5 to provide cables or bicycle chains which extend along the path followed by the carriage. The motor 66 then drives a pulley or sprocket wheel for pulling the cable or bicycle chain. The carriage is then attached to the cable or bicycle chain, so that it moves smoothly and uniformly~
On opposite ends of carriage 60 are secured vertical guide rails 70, 71, shaped and dimensioned to move through slots 40, 41. Each vertical guide rail has a channel 7Z
formed therein for guiding and directing a pair of oppositely disposed, vertically movable plates 73, 74, which receive and support the draw bar squeegee 90. The plates 73, 74 are secured to the vertical guide rails 70, 71 respectively, by pins 75, .
76 which slide up and dow~ in slots 77, 78, respectively. A
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horizontal bar 80 is bolted at its opposite ends to vertical guide rails 70, 71 to provide stability and strength. A
micrometer 81, 82 is mounted on each end of the bar 80, which function as a ~round point for micrometer operation. The shaft of each micrometer is connected to the vertically movable plates 73, 74. Therefore, by adjustment of micrometers 81, ~2, the plates 73/ 74 rnay be raised or lowered-to very precisely located positions.
' On the front edges of each of the movable plates 73t 74, there are spaced, parallel slots 85, 86, which are somewha~
higher at the front or open ends than at the backed or closed ends (as seen at 87~ Fig. 6). Therefore, if opposite ends 88, 89 of a draw bar squeegee 90 are placed in slots 85~ 86, gravity insures that the bar will lay in the closed ends 87 of the slots.
On the outboard side of each vertically movable plate 73~ 74r a swinging latch plate 93~ 94 is pivotally attached, as at pin 95, for example. When draw bar 90 is placed in slots 85, 86, latch plates 93, 94 swing back in direction C
As draw bar 90 falls into the bottom 87 of the slots, the latch plates 93~ 94 swing under gravity, in direction D, ana clear the top of the draw bar. Thereafter, a surface 96, having con-cave contours mating with the convex contours of draw bar 90, keeps the bar 90 from raising vertically, ~hereby capturing it in the slots 85~ 86. It should be noted tllat as the table carriage 21 moves in direction B (Fiq. l~, the friction between the draw bar and the paper 52 will tend to ~orce the bar into the back of the slot.
When it is desirable to remove the draw bar squeegee 90, a handle 98 on each plate 93, 94 is pulled forward and t~e _ g _ . . .
plate swings upwardly in direction D. This releases the draw bar 90, which may then be lifted out of the slots ~5, 86, and replaced by an~ther and similar draw bar.
~leans are provided for spreading fluid substances uniformly over that portion of the table surface which lS
covered by the substrate or paper 52. The term "fluid" is intended to cover all materials used in the inventive process such as lacquer, ink,solvents, adhesives, or the like. The nature of the inventive draw bar squeegee 90 may become more apparent from a study of Fig. 7. There, a rod 100-has a fine wire 101 spirally wrapped tightly around it, with successive and contiguous convolutions in non-overlapping contact. Care is taken so that the surface of the draw bar is smooth and free of unevenness.
The important considerations are that the draw bar 90 should be light enough to be lifted and manipulated easily.
The draw bar 90 should be strong enough to move over the surf~ce of the substrate or paper 5Z easily and smoothly without any significant buckling or bowing. The music wire 101 should haYe a dia~eter whereby capillary action captures a sufficient amoun~
of ~luld between successive convolutions, to properly wet the surface of the substrate or paper 52 as the draw bar passes thereover.
An advantaye of the mechanical drive and the fine wire wrap is that an extremely thin and highly uniform layer may be laid down. While the following dimensions are not to be construed as limiting the invention, one exemplary draw bar 1~0 ' ' .
was stainless steel approximately 0.50 to 0.65 of an inch in diameter and the wire 101 was tin plated music wire about 0.0011" diameter. ~he opposite ends o~ the music wire 101 were held ti~htly in place by pecJs 102 driven into holes near opposite ends of the bar.
According to the lnvention, there are a plurality of said draw bar squeegees which may be interchanged, one for the other, to spread a succession of di~ferent fluid materials in a sequence of process steps. More particularly, during the inventive process, it is necessary to repeatealy squeegee, wipe, or otherwise treat the surfaces of the substrate or paper 52. Sometimes the paper and chemicals used prefer one kind of squeegee surface, and sometimes they prefer another squeegee surface. Therefore, the inventive apparatus provides means for using a plurality of different kinds of squeegees.
Figs. 1, 3 show a series of scabbards 110~112, each of which may contain a different chemical. A different draw bar 113-115 fits into and is supported by each scabbard. The capillary action in the windings on each draw bar takes up the chemical in the scabbard. Therefore, to apply a different chemical t~
the surface of the substrate or paper 5~, it is only necessary to substitute one of the draw bars for an~ther of the draw bars~
Preferably the draw bars and scabbards are color coded so that the proper draw bar is always returned to the proper scabbard when not in use. A drain cock 120-122 is provided in the ~ottom of each scabbard to facilitate a draininy of fluids and f~ush-lng out the old fluids.
Another form of squeegee 130 (Figs. 8, 9) provides an easily changeable dense foam surface. In greater detail, a first part of this squeegee is a long piano hinge-like memher 131 comprising upper and lower plates 132, 133 hinged together by pin 135. T~lo smaller plates 136, 137 fit inside and parallel with the hinge plates 132, 133 extending for appro~imately the full length thereof. The edges of a rectangular pad of dense foam fits between small plates 136, 137 and the hLnge plates 132, 133, respectively. Between these edges, the foam pad wraps entirely around the outside of hinge member 131.
Therefore, when the hinge plates 132, 133 are squeezed together in directions E, F, the foam pad is captured. The edge near pin 135 may be used as a squeegee. Then, the pad may be re-placed quickly and easily.
Still another type of squeegee i5 seen in Figs. 10~12r Here, there is a handle 140 leading ~o a pair of longitudinall~
extending bars 141, 142, which are pivotally joined together at a hinge point 143, on one end. On the other end, a clip 144 holds the bars 141, 142 in a closed position. This way, the clip 144 may be opened, the bars 141, 142 may be spread apart, and a block of dense foam may be positioned between them. Then the bars may be sw~ng together and clipped in place to captu~e the dense foam bloc~.
Fi~. 13 shows yet another way of applyin~ a fluid to the surface af the substrate or paper 52. ~lere, there is a clip board 150 having a surface 151 that is not damayed by the fluid used in this step of the process. The board 150 stands at a steep angle in a tank 153, which receives the fluid as it runs off the paper. In front of tan]i 153 is a tray 154 which stores the fluid used during this step of the process and provides means for wetting a roller 155. Preferably, although not essentially, an op~ning 156 enables any fluid in tray 153 to return to the roller tray 154. A clip 157 on the top of board 150 enables the substrate or paper 52 to be clipped over the surface 151 during the treatment.
The apparatus of Fig. 13 requires the substrate or paper 52 to be removed from the table of Fig. 1 and transported to the board 150 If it is necessary or desirable to apply a fluid while the substrate or paper 52 is still clipped onto the table top 34 ~Fig. 14), a spray bottle 45 may be used~ A
cotton or waste ball 160 may then be employed to wipe the fluid over the surface of the substrate or paper 52.
In operation, the paper is clipped on top the table bed 34 (Fig. 1) and control panel 22 may be manipulated to take up paper 37 and to drive the carriage 21 back and forth in directions A, B. First, power is switched on by operation of a toggle switch 161~ Then, a potentionmeter 162 may be rotated to select a drive speed for the carriage 21. One of a pair of lamps 163 lights to indicate the direction in which the carxiage will move. Thereafter, push button 164 may be operated to energize motor 66, which turns at a rate established by the dial setting at 162. The feed screw 64 rotates at the rate set by motor 66, to drive the carriage at a corresponding speed.
the draw bar 90 moves in direction B over the substrate or 441~i paper 52, it acts as a squeegee to spread lacquer, ink, or another substance, smoothly and uniformly over the surface of paper 52. When the carriage 21 i5 to be driven back to a starting position, a bat handle switch 165 may be operated to cause the motor 66 to reverse the direction in which it turns.
Another push button 167 causes the paper take up roll 37 to rotate and draw clean paper rom supply roll 36. The control panel 22 is hinged at 169 so that it may be swung down to re-move and replace the paper take up roll 37.
The blower 24 could be mounted on the carriage 21 to automatically dry the paper 52 after the draw bar 90 squeegees it. However, I prefer to provide a hand blower 24 which nor-mally hangs on a hook 168, since this arrangement provides a maximum flexibility.
The inventive process uses the above-described appara~us ~-to provide a hand-made colored print proo~ on any suitable sub-strate such as paper 52. The substrate is herein described as "paper", solely for convenience of expression. However, this use of the term "paper" is not to be construed as neces-; 20 sarily limiting the invention thereto.
A key to the inventive process lies in the manner in which the solvents are used. The invention uses printer's ink pigments, but it does not use printer's ink, per se. The ink is soluble in slow solvents, such as aliphatic solvents, which means that it is not soluble in fast lacquer-type solvents, such as ketones. Thus, lacquer coatings may be used as isola-tion layers and removed at will, with no damaqe to the ink~
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11~4~16 As a result, the inventive process gives good resu7ts with half-tone negatives.
First, the substrate or paper 52, and probably the foam pad 53 also, are clipped at 51 over a clean and fresh paper, previously drawn from the supply roll 36. Then a first draw bar squeegee 115 is drawn from a scabbard 112 which is filled with ketone. The draw bar 115 is placed at position 90 in carriage 21 (which had been previously driven in direction A to the position shown in Fig. 2). Next, a small amount of transparent lacquer is placed on top of the substrate or paper 52 and in front of draw bar 115 (now mounted in position 90).
Push button 164 is operated to drive the carriage in direction B. The draw bar squeegees the lacquer smoothly and uniformly ovex the surface of the substrate or paper 52 to provide an isolation layer, which gives a smooth adherent surface. The diameter of wire 101 determines the thickness of the lacquer coat~ Therefore, an important aspect of ~he invention is that the i;olation layer may have a precise thick-ness which gives a minimum amount of lacquer to see ~hrough while maintaining an optimum amount of isolation.
Blower 24 is used to dry the lacquer. Thereafter, the draw bar 115 is removed from carriage 21, and returnea to the scabbard 112. The bat handled switch 165 is operated, and push button 164 is pushed to drive carria~e 21 in direction A, to the position seen in Fig. 2.
Next, draw bar 114 is taken from scabbard 111 and placed at position 90, in the carriage ~1. The scabbard 111 is lQ4~
filled with a mixture of alcchol and aliphatic. A pigmented polyamid resin ink is placed on the surface of the substrate or paper 52. This pigment (which is the same as that used in printer's ink) is preferably ball milled into a fine powder and then is dissolved in a mixture of slow solvents, such as any suitable aliphatic solvents. This use of a slow solvent system is important since successive lacquer coats must be removed by fast solvents, without damage to the ink. Prefer-ably, alcohol is kept out of the ink at the time when the powder is mixed with the aliphatic element since the alcohol acts as a thinner or solvent at the time when the ink is applied, or later when any ink is removed.
The bat handle switch 165 and pushbutton 164 are operated and draw bar squeeyee is driven in direction B, to spread the ink smoothly and uniformly over the surface of the substrate or paper 52. Thereafter, the blower 24 is used to dry the ink.
After the ink drys,talcum powder, or an equivalent fine abrasive, i5 sprinkled over the surface, rubbed in with a ; 20 cloth and dusted off, to give the ink a tooth for accepting the next coat.
The next step is to spread a thin coating of a photo-sensitizer over the toothed surface of the ink. For this, any of several water soluble types of materials may be used. Pre-ferably, it is a non-transparent piymented polyvin~vl alcohol sensitized with ammonium bichromate or diazo salts. AccordingI~, the draw bar 114 is removed from the carria~e 21 and returned '. ' ' ' ' ' " ''', ' " ' .''~ ' ~ -'- ~ ' " 1184~1~
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to scabbard 111. The carria~e is driven in direction A to the position seen in Fig. 2. Then draw bar 113 is taken from scabbard 110 and placed in the carriage 21. Scabbard 110 is fille~ with water. Thereafter, the carriage 21 is driven in direction B to spread the photosensitizer smoothly and uni-formly over the toothed surface of the ink. Then, the blower 24 is used to dry it.
Thereafter, a negative is placed over the photo-sensitizer and exposed to light, which causes a change in the soluble characteristic thereo~. The photosensitizer is hardened in the areas where the light strikes the polyvinyl alcohol coating. In the areas not struck by the light, the layer re-tains its water soluble characteristics.
After the exposure of the photosensitive layer, the color print (paper 52) is placed on the copy board 150 of Fi~. 13.
Then, roller 155 is used to roll water over the photosensit.izer layer. The portions of the surface which were exposed to ligh~
are protected hy the hardened photosensitizer layer. The portions of the surfac~ which were not exposed to light are washed away by the water.
Once the unexposed areas are no longer covered by the photosensitizer, the spray bottle 45 is used to spray ~Fig~
; 14) a solvent over the ink. Preferably, the solvent is an isopropyl alcohol or lactol spirit. Any suitable ball of -cotton or waste material 160 is used to clear away all ink which is not protected by the light hardened photosensitizer layer. Then, the blower 24 is used to dry the surface _ . . ,, . ~ , . . . . .
: - : -Next, the hardened part of the photosensitizer layer is removed by an ar~oni2 base solvent, using any of the various s~ueegees and techniques of ~igs. 8-14. This ar~onia solvent does not have any affect upon the pi~mented resins used in the ink. Accordingly, the ink remains in the ar~s which ~ere protected by the hardened photosensi~izer, but the sensitizer is now gone.
It is important to note that the ink now rernains, with no photoresist or other substance covering the surface of the colored print. This way, the color of the pigment is true and pure, with no tint remaining from the photosensitizer~
The ink, in the exposed image, now serves as a mask for protecting the underlying lacquer. Therefore, the first applied lacquer coating is removed with a ketone solvent. The 1~ substrate or paper 52 is now plain and uncoatedr by the inven-tive process, with only the ink remaining deposited in the exposed areas, almost exactly as it would be if deposited b~
a printing process.
If a multicolor process is used, another isolation layer of transparent lac~uer is applied over the ink, and the above described steps are repeate~, with an isolation layer of lacquer laid down after each color. In each layer, the photo-sensitizer is al~Jays removed so that the ink itself is viewed with no overlay in a tint. One advanta~e of this process is that the lacquer provides an isolation layer which protects each layer that has already been successfully laid down~ There-fore, the work ln progress will not be daraaged by any error 1~04~1~
when the next layer is laid down. If there should be a four col~r print, for example, there is no necessary loss of work in progress if, say the fourth layer is defective. Instead, it may be possible to clean off the fourth layer, down to the isolation lacquer, and then to start over with the fourth layer.
Image transferral systems have proven particularly useful wherever graphic material is to be transferred from a base substrate or backing sheet tc a receiving surface. Those engaging in advertising and publishing or in the production or development of prototype products or models find image trans ferral techniques particularly important for ~pplying trade-marks, corporate names, numbers, letters, or the like, to receiv~
ing surfaces. Also, the hand proof colored prints made in a transfer form, enable the colored print copy to be placed on an unusual surface. For example, a picture may be intended for the decoration of a cabinet or other furniture. Then, it will be seen in its final setting before expensive printing plates are made for production runs.
As shown in Fig. 15, a decalcomania system, con-structed in accordance with this invention, comprises substrat~
or a base sheet 200 and one or more transfer images 201, fixed to one surface 202 of the substrate or base sheet 200. Any of various types of materials are suitable for use as the sub-strate or base sheet 200, such as a polyethylene, for example The characteristics of the substrate or base sheet 200, used by the inventive system, includes a non-stretclling materlal, since _ 19 --' - . :: .
an obiect of the invention is to prevent the kind of image dis-tortion which occurs when the base sheet must stretch under burnishing pressure in order to release the image. The surface of the base sheet should be very smooth so that there are few, if any, surface irrecJularities or non-uniformatives which miyht enable air to leak under the image. ~lso, a relatively translucent sheet is preferred so that a person using the transfer system may accurately align the image over the receivincJ
surface. A preferred base sheet should be about .0045 milli-meters thick and have a matte finish.
The substrate or base sheet first has a release coat-ing applied thereto, which may be done with the draw bar ~queeg~
115 used to apply the lacquer. Any of several silicone materials may be used to provide the release coating, if the decalcomania lacquer will not adhere thereto One well known release-type material is sold under the trademark "~UILON", by the company. In any event, after the release material is spread over the entire surface of the ~ubstrate, it has chemical proper-ties which do not react with the ch~micals of the ink or lacquer used to make the image.
The images 201 are applied to surface 202 of the sub--strate or base sheet 200 in multicolors, by the above-described process. These images are composed of a 1e~:ible decal lacquer r containing a pigmented or~anic resin. At the present, t~;e DL~r series decal lacquer manufactured by the ~dvance Process Company of Chicago, Illinois has been found particularly effective.
The ink or lacquer does not react chemicall~ or otherwise penetrate the substrate or base sheet 200. Hence, the resultiny struc-ture co.~prises two completely separate layers 200, 201 ~7hich cling together, primarily because there is no air at the inter-face bet~leen them. Also, the physical properties of the materials of layers 200, 201 are such that they naturally cling to each other. Accordingly, the invention is unlike prior art .
transfer sheets wherein the ink chemically bonds with the base sheet 10.
Next, pressure sensitlve adhesive 203 is applied over the entire surface of the substrate or base sheet 200 preferably through use of the draw bar 115 which is also used to apply lac~uer. As the adhesive 203 dries, a thin oxidation film ~05 forms over it to prevent a tackiness which might otherwise cause the decalcomania to stick to things generally, and to other and similar decalcomania sheets specifically. Heretofore, the pressure sensitive adhesive generally used in transfer systems has these perculiar pxoperties: sufficient tackiness to readily attach itself to the final surface, sufficient plasticizer content to form a strong and uniform film on the surface, and resistant to breaking away from itself. However, accordin~ t~
the invention, the adhesive should have a very low surface tackiness, with a readily oxidizable outer surface, no strony film formers, and should readily break away from itself. Hence, the adhesive properties of the inventive structure are yenerally opposite to the normally desirable pressure sensitive adhesive properties used in type transfer systems.
' `` ~ 14~6 ~ particularly effective adhesive fo- these purposes is Industrial ~dhesive Number 96442, manufactured by Spartan Adhesives, Crystal Lake, Illinois. The adhesive material 203 contains an epoxy resin and is a rubber-based substance with a solvent system 7hich evaporates at an extremely high rate as compared with the other and similar adhesives, to thereby form a dry oxidized layer which is not tacky but which perser~es a tackiness in the adhesive underlying the oxidized layer. Th~
adhesive 203 also softens a thin outer layer of the lacquer image and forms a relatively strong chemical bond with it. The tack of the adhesive should be stronger with the lacguer than the decalcomania tack with the substrate or base layer.
The method of transferring images is exceedingly simple.
In reference to Fig. 15~., the surface 20~ of the decalcomania is placed in aligned contact with a receiving surface 210, pre-paratory to a transfer of the image 201 thereto. The receiving surface 210 may have any suitable surface, even a very rough one, which would be most difficult to use with previously known transfer systems.
The image 201 is then ali~ned into final position, over exactly the desired site on the receiving surface. This alignment is easily accomplished due to the translucent nature ~, of the substrate or base sheet 200.
Next, a blunt burnishing instrument 211 is used to burnish the back surface ~12 of the substrate or base sheet, in ; the area immediately behind the image 201 which is to be trans-ferred to receiving surface 210. When pressure is thus applied .
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to the back of the decalcomania image, the oY~idized coating 20~ of the adhesive is broken at many points (Fig. 15B) under the b~rnished area. The still tacky underlying adhesive 203 passes through the bro~en oxidized coating and adheres to the 5 receiving surface 210. Since the tack bet~een the adhesive and lac~uer is stronger than the tack between the decalcomania lacquer and the base sheet, the decalcomania will lift away before the adhesive may be pulled away from the isolation lacquer layer.
The base sheet 200 may then be lifted away from the receiving surface 210. The transfer of the image to the surface 210 is completed neatly and easily.
Thus, the invention provides a new and novel method of and apparatus for making a hand proof copy, in multicolored ink. Those skilled in the art will readily perceive how changes and modifications may be made. Therefore, the appended claims are to be construed to cover all modifications falling within true scope and spirit of the invention.
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The invention relates to hand proof processes and apparatus for making either single or multicolored individua~
proofs, in the pigments of printer's ink.
In the graphic arts, it is customary to make expen-sive plates which may be used to print hundreds or thousands of copies, in one or more colors. The printed copies may be any suitable papers, charts, boards, posters, advertisements, or the like (hereinafter generically called "oolored prints").
Before investing capital, time, and effort in making these expensive plates, it is desirable to see how the finished colored print will look. The process of making an individual proof for such a purpose is not as easy as one would think.
Very often, the colors of piyments used in printer's inks are different from the colors used by the designer who laid out the copy to be reproduced by the plates. This is true even when the colors are blac~, white, gray, or other colors which - are sometimes overlooked when one considers colored prin~ing.
Therefore, there is no justific~tion for assuming that a colored print finished in printer's ink will necessarily have the anti-cipated appearance, based upon a viewing of the designer's work.Accordingly, it is desirable that means be provided for making individual proofs of colored prints printed in the very pigments that are used in printer's ink. This way any necessary or de-sirable corrections may be made before the printing plates are produced.
At first blush, it might appear obvious to photograph the designer's layout and then to use a resulting negative in '' ' 1 ' .~ .
conjunction with photoresist to apply printer's ink to a paper, in order to provide the final colored print. Since abou-t 1850, when naturally occurrin~ materials such as egg white were first used as a photoresist, it has been common practice to use photo-resist to make many different forms of printed copy. However, - these processes present two problems when making colored prints. First, photoresist is usually tinted so that the printer's ink pigments are not seen in their true colors.
Second, these colored prints have been hand crafts, which re-quixed the services of highly skilled artisans.
Several disadvantages are experienced when a process (such as the conventional photoresist process) depends directlyupon the skill of an artisan. First, there is a high labor cost since the quality of the final product generally tends to be about as good as the salary paid to the artisan, since higher skill levels command higher pay. Second, if the artisan is sick or otherwise unavailable, there may be a delay in se-curing his work product. Third, regardless of the artisan's skill level, the end product almost always has a hand crafte~
appearance. Hence, the colored print output of a printing press almost certainly has a different and sometimes unexpected appear-ance. Fourth, each time that an artisan has to add his work to a semifinished product, there is a chance for fail~re, which failure becomes more progressively costly, as the number of steps increase. Therefore, there has been a reluctance to use as many colors as might otherwise be desired.
Still other problems have been encountered when the number of different colors increase. Sometimes, one layer o ::
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printer's ink bleeds into or destroys another layer of ink.
Sometimes, the artisan actually damages a previously applied layer of ink when he attempts to lay down a succeeding layer of - in~. The multiplicity of colors have increased the number oflayers of photoresist over the colored layers of printer's ink -and therefore intensified the tint over such ink. Accordinglyr the prior art has sometimes re~uired the separate layers of color to be applied to separate sheets of transparent materials which are thereafter interleaved, to provide a final multi-. 10 layer product. Therefore, this process requires final coloredprints to be viewed through a substantial number of transparent layers, which gives an appearance that is different from a colored print which is printed on a printing press.
Still other problems inh~rent to hand crafted printing . 15 will readily occur to those who are skilled in the art.
Accordingly, an object of the invention is to provide new and improved apparatus for making individual proofs, and particularly for making colored prints in pigments used in printer's ink. Here, an object is to provide apparatus which 20 will reliably produce a proof of a colored print, free of thehand crafted appearance heretofore inherent in hand processes.
In this connection an object is to provide apparatus which al-most exactly dupl.icates the appearance of the output o~ a press using conventional printing plates, without any extraneous tints formed by photoresists remaining o~er the colors.
, Another object is to provide a hand proof process haviny isolation layers between successive colors, but not '' .
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having any photoresists ov er the colors. Ilere, an object is to protect previously laid down layers of pigments to preclude a necessarily complete destruction of work in process, if a mis take is made after a substantial work has been done on the copy~
Still another object of the invention is to provide a process which is equally applicable to colored prints on paper (or the like) and to decalcomania copy which may be trans-ferred responsive to a burnishing pressure.
In keeping with an aspect of this invention, these and other objects are accomplished by providiny a table haviny a mechanically driven draw bar squeegèe which spreads a pigmented substance in a uniform manner. By a succession of steps, a hand proof copy may be made which approaches, if not exactly duplicates, the manner in ~hich a convention printing plate, used on a printing press, spreads ink. ~mong other things, the inventive process enables a complete removal of all photo--sensitizers from the final colored print. There are three or more replaceable draw bar squeegees which may be installed or the table to enable successive layers of different types of inks, and other materials, to be spread in sequence. Also, the succession of applied materials are selected to provide isolation hetween successive layers of colored ink, whereby a mistake on work in progress does not necessarily lead to a final and complete destruction of all work previously done on theicopy work.
The nature of a preferred embodiment for performing and accomplishing these and other objects may be understood best from a study of the attached drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 is a pers~ective view of the inventive hand proof making apparatus;
Fig. 2 is a fragmentary cross section of Fiy. 1 taken along line 2-2, thereof;
Fiy. 3 is a side elevation view (partly in cross-section) showiny the distant side as viewed in Fig. 1 of the inventive apparatus;
Fig. 4 is a detailed fragmentary view, in perspective, of the sugueegee or draw bar carriage seen in Fig. l;
Fig. 5 is a plan view of a small part of the carriage taken along line 5-5 of Fig. 4 showing a draw bar elevator mechanism;
Fig. 6 isan elevation view of a part of a fragment of Fig. 5 showing a squeegee or draw bar capture latch;
lS Fig. 7 is a perspective view of a squeeyee or draw bar;
Fig. 8 shows, in perspective, a first embodiment of a foam or sponge squeegee used in the inventive process;
; ~ig. 9 is a cross sectional view taken along line 9-9 of Fig. 8;
~ig. 10 shows, in plan view, a second embodiment of a foam or sponge squeegee;
Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 11-11 of Fig. 10;
Fig. 12 is a perspective view of the squeegee of Fiss. 10, 11;
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Fig. 13 is a perspective view of apparatus used during one step in the development of the hand processed color proof;
Fig. 14 is a perspective view of apparatus used in another step of the inventive process; and Fig. 15 iS a schematic view of a decalcomania trans~er made by the inventive process.
The major assemblies of Fig. 1 are a table 20, a draw bar squeegee carriage mechanism 21, a control panel 22, draw bar squeegees and scabbard assembly 23, and a blower-dryer 24. The table 20 comprises a suitable number of support legs 30-32, a bed 34, and a paper supply system including supply roll 36 and take up roll 37.
The paper system provides an easy means for always presenting a clean working surface.More particularly, a wrapping paper is drawn from supply roll 36, under a guide bar 38, and across the fulL length and width of the table bed 34 to a take up roll 37. Preferably, the take up roll is power driven;
however, this is not essential.
The bed 34 is supported at opposite ends of the table with opposed parallel longitudinal slots 40, 41 at the edges of the bed. These slots enable and provide for the longî-tudinai movement of the draw bar squeegee carriage mechanism 21. As best seen in the cross section of Fig 2, the bed 34 comprises a sheet of hard material 43 covered by a soft sponge layer 44, which may be plywood or partial board having a layer of rubber sponge cemented thereto.
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Any suitable holders 42a, 42b may be mounted on opposite sldes of the table, to receive and support any supplies or material which a wor)er may use during his practice of the inventive process. The materials include in~;s and spra~s 45, lacquer ~6, etc.
~ clip supporting movable strip 50 extends across the width of and slides along the length of the table top or bed 34. Hence, the strip 50 may be slid back and rorth in directions A, B, to any convenient location. A pivotally mounted and spring biased clip 51 positioned on strip 50 may be raised or lowere~ to enable an insertion or removal of any suitable sub-strate, such as paper 52 (or any other suitable material) on which the proof will be printed. An optional pad or layer of dense foam 53 may be positioned under the substrate or paper 52t depending upon the nature of the desired proof copy. After the substrate or paper 52, and foam layer (if used), are in position, the clip 51 is released to secure them in position.
The carriage ~echanism 21 may be understood best from an inspection of Figs. 4-6. In greater detail, a pair of spaced parallel guide rails 57, 58 are mounted beneath and along opposite edges of the table bed 34, just inboard ~rom the slots 40, 41 A chassis 60 extends beneath and across the width of the table~
The opposite ends of chassis 60 have spaced parallel openings 61, 62 adapted to fit over the guide rails so that the chassis 60 may move in directions ~, B, along substantially the full length of the table bed 34. Any suitable bearings may be com-bined with these openings 61, 62 to insure a smooth and generally .
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friction-free carria~e motion. This is important so that the carriage motion will be smooth and free of any discontinuities which may tend to cause irregular spreading of ink.
Rigidly dependent from and integral with the chassis 60 is a threaded nut 63 having a feed screw 64 passing there-through. When the feed screw 64 rotates, the nut travels in either diréction ~ or direction B, depending upon whether the feed screw rotates clockwise or counterclockwise. Therefore, the chassis 60 also moves in direction A or B. A reversible motor 66 (Figs. 1, 3) may be provided to rotate the ~eed screw 64 in either the clockwise or counterclockwise direction. Any suitable bearings 67 may be provided for rotatably supporting the feed screw.
An alternative to said ~eed screw i5 to provide cables or bicycle chains which extend along the path followed by the carriage. The motor 66 then drives a pulley or sprocket wheel for pulling the cable or bicycle chain. The carriage is then attached to the cable or bicycle chain, so that it moves smoothly and uniformly~
On opposite ends of carriage 60 are secured vertical guide rails 70, 71, shaped and dimensioned to move through slots 40, 41. Each vertical guide rail has a channel 7Z
formed therein for guiding and directing a pair of oppositely disposed, vertically movable plates 73, 74, which receive and support the draw bar squeegee 90. The plates 73, 74 are secured to the vertical guide rails 70, 71 respectively, by pins 75, .
76 which slide up and dow~ in slots 77, 78, respectively. A
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horizontal bar 80 is bolted at its opposite ends to vertical guide rails 70, 71 to provide stability and strength. A
micrometer 81, 82 is mounted on each end of the bar 80, which function as a ~round point for micrometer operation. The shaft of each micrometer is connected to the vertically movable plates 73, 74. Therefore, by adjustment of micrometers 81, ~2, the plates 73/ 74 rnay be raised or lowered-to very precisely located positions.
' On the front edges of each of the movable plates 73t 74, there are spaced, parallel slots 85, 86, which are somewha~
higher at the front or open ends than at the backed or closed ends (as seen at 87~ Fig. 6). Therefore, if opposite ends 88, 89 of a draw bar squeegee 90 are placed in slots 85~ 86, gravity insures that the bar will lay in the closed ends 87 of the slots.
On the outboard side of each vertically movable plate 73~ 74r a swinging latch plate 93~ 94 is pivotally attached, as at pin 95, for example. When draw bar 90 is placed in slots 85, 86, latch plates 93, 94 swing back in direction C
As draw bar 90 falls into the bottom 87 of the slots, the latch plates 93~ 94 swing under gravity, in direction D, ana clear the top of the draw bar. Thereafter, a surface 96, having con-cave contours mating with the convex contours of draw bar 90, keeps the bar 90 from raising vertically, ~hereby capturing it in the slots 85~ 86. It should be noted tllat as the table carriage 21 moves in direction B (Fiq. l~, the friction between the draw bar and the paper 52 will tend to ~orce the bar into the back of the slot.
When it is desirable to remove the draw bar squeegee 90, a handle 98 on each plate 93, 94 is pulled forward and t~e _ g _ . . .
plate swings upwardly in direction D. This releases the draw bar 90, which may then be lifted out of the slots ~5, 86, and replaced by an~ther and similar draw bar.
~leans are provided for spreading fluid substances uniformly over that portion of the table surface which lS
covered by the substrate or paper 52. The term "fluid" is intended to cover all materials used in the inventive process such as lacquer, ink,solvents, adhesives, or the like. The nature of the inventive draw bar squeegee 90 may become more apparent from a study of Fig. 7. There, a rod 100-has a fine wire 101 spirally wrapped tightly around it, with successive and contiguous convolutions in non-overlapping contact. Care is taken so that the surface of the draw bar is smooth and free of unevenness.
The important considerations are that the draw bar 90 should be light enough to be lifted and manipulated easily.
The draw bar 90 should be strong enough to move over the surf~ce of the substrate or paper 5Z easily and smoothly without any significant buckling or bowing. The music wire 101 should haYe a dia~eter whereby capillary action captures a sufficient amoun~
of ~luld between successive convolutions, to properly wet the surface of the substrate or paper 52 as the draw bar passes thereover.
An advantaye of the mechanical drive and the fine wire wrap is that an extremely thin and highly uniform layer may be laid down. While the following dimensions are not to be construed as limiting the invention, one exemplary draw bar 1~0 ' ' .
was stainless steel approximately 0.50 to 0.65 of an inch in diameter and the wire 101 was tin plated music wire about 0.0011" diameter. ~he opposite ends o~ the music wire 101 were held ti~htly in place by pecJs 102 driven into holes near opposite ends of the bar.
According to the lnvention, there are a plurality of said draw bar squeegees which may be interchanged, one for the other, to spread a succession of di~ferent fluid materials in a sequence of process steps. More particularly, during the inventive process, it is necessary to repeatealy squeegee, wipe, or otherwise treat the surfaces of the substrate or paper 52. Sometimes the paper and chemicals used prefer one kind of squeegee surface, and sometimes they prefer another squeegee surface. Therefore, the inventive apparatus provides means for using a plurality of different kinds of squeegees.
Figs. 1, 3 show a series of scabbards 110~112, each of which may contain a different chemical. A different draw bar 113-115 fits into and is supported by each scabbard. The capillary action in the windings on each draw bar takes up the chemical in the scabbard. Therefore, to apply a different chemical t~
the surface of the substrate or paper 5~, it is only necessary to substitute one of the draw bars for an~ther of the draw bars~
Preferably the draw bars and scabbards are color coded so that the proper draw bar is always returned to the proper scabbard when not in use. A drain cock 120-122 is provided in the ~ottom of each scabbard to facilitate a draininy of fluids and f~ush-lng out the old fluids.
Another form of squeegee 130 (Figs. 8, 9) provides an easily changeable dense foam surface. In greater detail, a first part of this squeegee is a long piano hinge-like memher 131 comprising upper and lower plates 132, 133 hinged together by pin 135. T~lo smaller plates 136, 137 fit inside and parallel with the hinge plates 132, 133 extending for appro~imately the full length thereof. The edges of a rectangular pad of dense foam fits between small plates 136, 137 and the hLnge plates 132, 133, respectively. Between these edges, the foam pad wraps entirely around the outside of hinge member 131.
Therefore, when the hinge plates 132, 133 are squeezed together in directions E, F, the foam pad is captured. The edge near pin 135 may be used as a squeegee. Then, the pad may be re-placed quickly and easily.
Still another type of squeegee i5 seen in Figs. 10~12r Here, there is a handle 140 leading ~o a pair of longitudinall~
extending bars 141, 142, which are pivotally joined together at a hinge point 143, on one end. On the other end, a clip 144 holds the bars 141, 142 in a closed position. This way, the clip 144 may be opened, the bars 141, 142 may be spread apart, and a block of dense foam may be positioned between them. Then the bars may be sw~ng together and clipped in place to captu~e the dense foam bloc~.
Fi~. 13 shows yet another way of applyin~ a fluid to the surface af the substrate or paper 52. ~lere, there is a clip board 150 having a surface 151 that is not damayed by the fluid used in this step of the process. The board 150 stands at a steep angle in a tank 153, which receives the fluid as it runs off the paper. In front of tan]i 153 is a tray 154 which stores the fluid used during this step of the process and provides means for wetting a roller 155. Preferably, although not essentially, an op~ning 156 enables any fluid in tray 153 to return to the roller tray 154. A clip 157 on the top of board 150 enables the substrate or paper 52 to be clipped over the surface 151 during the treatment.
The apparatus of Fig. 13 requires the substrate or paper 52 to be removed from the table of Fig. 1 and transported to the board 150 If it is necessary or desirable to apply a fluid while the substrate or paper 52 is still clipped onto the table top 34 ~Fig. 14), a spray bottle 45 may be used~ A
cotton or waste ball 160 may then be employed to wipe the fluid over the surface of the substrate or paper 52.
In operation, the paper is clipped on top the table bed 34 (Fig. 1) and control panel 22 may be manipulated to take up paper 37 and to drive the carriage 21 back and forth in directions A, B. First, power is switched on by operation of a toggle switch 161~ Then, a potentionmeter 162 may be rotated to select a drive speed for the carriage 21. One of a pair of lamps 163 lights to indicate the direction in which the carxiage will move. Thereafter, push button 164 may be operated to energize motor 66, which turns at a rate established by the dial setting at 162. The feed screw 64 rotates at the rate set by motor 66, to drive the carriage at a corresponding speed.
the draw bar 90 moves in direction B over the substrate or 441~i paper 52, it acts as a squeegee to spread lacquer, ink, or another substance, smoothly and uniformly over the surface of paper 52. When the carriage 21 i5 to be driven back to a starting position, a bat handle switch 165 may be operated to cause the motor 66 to reverse the direction in which it turns.
Another push button 167 causes the paper take up roll 37 to rotate and draw clean paper rom supply roll 36. The control panel 22 is hinged at 169 so that it may be swung down to re-move and replace the paper take up roll 37.
The blower 24 could be mounted on the carriage 21 to automatically dry the paper 52 after the draw bar 90 squeegees it. However, I prefer to provide a hand blower 24 which nor-mally hangs on a hook 168, since this arrangement provides a maximum flexibility.
The inventive process uses the above-described appara~us ~-to provide a hand-made colored print proo~ on any suitable sub-strate such as paper 52. The substrate is herein described as "paper", solely for convenience of expression. However, this use of the term "paper" is not to be construed as neces-; 20 sarily limiting the invention thereto.
A key to the inventive process lies in the manner in which the solvents are used. The invention uses printer's ink pigments, but it does not use printer's ink, per se. The ink is soluble in slow solvents, such as aliphatic solvents, which means that it is not soluble in fast lacquer-type solvents, such as ketones. Thus, lacquer coatings may be used as isola-tion layers and removed at will, with no damaqe to the ink~
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11~4~16 As a result, the inventive process gives good resu7ts with half-tone negatives.
First, the substrate or paper 52, and probably the foam pad 53 also, are clipped at 51 over a clean and fresh paper, previously drawn from the supply roll 36. Then a first draw bar squeegee 115 is drawn from a scabbard 112 which is filled with ketone. The draw bar 115 is placed at position 90 in carriage 21 (which had been previously driven in direction A to the position shown in Fig. 2). Next, a small amount of transparent lacquer is placed on top of the substrate or paper 52 and in front of draw bar 115 (now mounted in position 90).
Push button 164 is operated to drive the carriage in direction B. The draw bar squeegees the lacquer smoothly and uniformly ovex the surface of the substrate or paper 52 to provide an isolation layer, which gives a smooth adherent surface. The diameter of wire 101 determines the thickness of the lacquer coat~ Therefore, an important aspect of ~he invention is that the i;olation layer may have a precise thick-ness which gives a minimum amount of lacquer to see ~hrough while maintaining an optimum amount of isolation.
Blower 24 is used to dry the lacquer. Thereafter, the draw bar 115 is removed from carriage 21, and returnea to the scabbard 112. The bat handled switch 165 is operated, and push button 164 is pushed to drive carria~e 21 in direction A, to the position seen in Fig. 2.
Next, draw bar 114 is taken from scabbard 111 and placed at position 90, in the carriage ~1. The scabbard 111 is lQ4~
filled with a mixture of alcchol and aliphatic. A pigmented polyamid resin ink is placed on the surface of the substrate or paper 52. This pigment (which is the same as that used in printer's ink) is preferably ball milled into a fine powder and then is dissolved in a mixture of slow solvents, such as any suitable aliphatic solvents. This use of a slow solvent system is important since successive lacquer coats must be removed by fast solvents, without damage to the ink. Prefer-ably, alcohol is kept out of the ink at the time when the powder is mixed with the aliphatic element since the alcohol acts as a thinner or solvent at the time when the ink is applied, or later when any ink is removed.
The bat handle switch 165 and pushbutton 164 are operated and draw bar squeeyee is driven in direction B, to spread the ink smoothly and uniformly over the surface of the substrate or paper 52. Thereafter, the blower 24 is used to dry the ink.
After the ink drys,talcum powder, or an equivalent fine abrasive, i5 sprinkled over the surface, rubbed in with a ; 20 cloth and dusted off, to give the ink a tooth for accepting the next coat.
The next step is to spread a thin coating of a photo-sensitizer over the toothed surface of the ink. For this, any of several water soluble types of materials may be used. Pre-ferably, it is a non-transparent piymented polyvin~vl alcohol sensitized with ammonium bichromate or diazo salts. AccordingI~, the draw bar 114 is removed from the carria~e 21 and returned '. ' ' ' ' ' " ''', ' " ' .''~ ' ~ -'- ~ ' " 1184~1~
.
to scabbard 111. The carria~e is driven in direction A to the position seen in Fig. 2. Then draw bar 113 is taken from scabbard 110 and placed in the carriage 21. Scabbard 110 is fille~ with water. Thereafter, the carriage 21 is driven in direction B to spread the photosensitizer smoothly and uni-formly over the toothed surface of the ink. Then, the blower 24 is used to dry it.
Thereafter, a negative is placed over the photo-sensitizer and exposed to light, which causes a change in the soluble characteristic thereo~. The photosensitizer is hardened in the areas where the light strikes the polyvinyl alcohol coating. In the areas not struck by the light, the layer re-tains its water soluble characteristics.
After the exposure of the photosensitive layer, the color print (paper 52) is placed on the copy board 150 of Fi~. 13.
Then, roller 155 is used to roll water over the photosensit.izer layer. The portions of the surface which were exposed to ligh~
are protected hy the hardened photosensitizer layer. The portions of the surfac~ which were not exposed to light are washed away by the water.
Once the unexposed areas are no longer covered by the photosensitizer, the spray bottle 45 is used to spray ~Fig~
; 14) a solvent over the ink. Preferably, the solvent is an isopropyl alcohol or lactol spirit. Any suitable ball of -cotton or waste material 160 is used to clear away all ink which is not protected by the light hardened photosensitizer layer. Then, the blower 24 is used to dry the surface _ . . ,, . ~ , . . . . .
: - : -Next, the hardened part of the photosensitizer layer is removed by an ar~oni2 base solvent, using any of the various s~ueegees and techniques of ~igs. 8-14. This ar~onia solvent does not have any affect upon the pi~mented resins used in the ink. Accordingly, the ink remains in the ar~s which ~ere protected by the hardened photosensi~izer, but the sensitizer is now gone.
It is important to note that the ink now rernains, with no photoresist or other substance covering the surface of the colored print. This way, the color of the pigment is true and pure, with no tint remaining from the photosensitizer~
The ink, in the exposed image, now serves as a mask for protecting the underlying lacquer. Therefore, the first applied lacquer coating is removed with a ketone solvent. The 1~ substrate or paper 52 is now plain and uncoatedr by the inven-tive process, with only the ink remaining deposited in the exposed areas, almost exactly as it would be if deposited b~
a printing process.
If a multicolor process is used, another isolation layer of transparent lac~uer is applied over the ink, and the above described steps are repeate~, with an isolation layer of lacquer laid down after each color. In each layer, the photo-sensitizer is al~Jays removed so that the ink itself is viewed with no overlay in a tint. One advanta~e of this process is that the lacquer provides an isolation layer which protects each layer that has already been successfully laid down~ There-fore, the work ln progress will not be daraaged by any error 1~04~1~
when the next layer is laid down. If there should be a four col~r print, for example, there is no necessary loss of work in progress if, say the fourth layer is defective. Instead, it may be possible to clean off the fourth layer, down to the isolation lacquer, and then to start over with the fourth layer.
Image transferral systems have proven particularly useful wherever graphic material is to be transferred from a base substrate or backing sheet tc a receiving surface. Those engaging in advertising and publishing or in the production or development of prototype products or models find image trans ferral techniques particularly important for ~pplying trade-marks, corporate names, numbers, letters, or the like, to receiv~
ing surfaces. Also, the hand proof colored prints made in a transfer form, enable the colored print copy to be placed on an unusual surface. For example, a picture may be intended for the decoration of a cabinet or other furniture. Then, it will be seen in its final setting before expensive printing plates are made for production runs.
As shown in Fig. 15, a decalcomania system, con-structed in accordance with this invention, comprises substrat~
or a base sheet 200 and one or more transfer images 201, fixed to one surface 202 of the substrate or base sheet 200. Any of various types of materials are suitable for use as the sub-strate or base sheet 200, such as a polyethylene, for example The characteristics of the substrate or base sheet 200, used by the inventive system, includes a non-stretclling materlal, since _ 19 --' - . :: .
an obiect of the invention is to prevent the kind of image dis-tortion which occurs when the base sheet must stretch under burnishing pressure in order to release the image. The surface of the base sheet should be very smooth so that there are few, if any, surface irrecJularities or non-uniformatives which miyht enable air to leak under the image. ~lso, a relatively translucent sheet is preferred so that a person using the transfer system may accurately align the image over the receivincJ
surface. A preferred base sheet should be about .0045 milli-meters thick and have a matte finish.
The substrate or base sheet first has a release coat-ing applied thereto, which may be done with the draw bar ~queeg~
115 used to apply the lacquer. Any of several silicone materials may be used to provide the release coating, if the decalcomania lacquer will not adhere thereto One well known release-type material is sold under the trademark "~UILON", by the company. In any event, after the release material is spread over the entire surface of the ~ubstrate, it has chemical proper-ties which do not react with the ch~micals of the ink or lacquer used to make the image.
The images 201 are applied to surface 202 of the sub--strate or base sheet 200 in multicolors, by the above-described process. These images are composed of a 1e~:ible decal lacquer r containing a pigmented or~anic resin. At the present, t~;e DL~r series decal lacquer manufactured by the ~dvance Process Company of Chicago, Illinois has been found particularly effective.
The ink or lacquer does not react chemicall~ or otherwise penetrate the substrate or base sheet 200. Hence, the resultiny struc-ture co.~prises two completely separate layers 200, 201 ~7hich cling together, primarily because there is no air at the inter-face bet~leen them. Also, the physical properties of the materials of layers 200, 201 are such that they naturally cling to each other. Accordingly, the invention is unlike prior art .
transfer sheets wherein the ink chemically bonds with the base sheet 10.
Next, pressure sensitlve adhesive 203 is applied over the entire surface of the substrate or base sheet 200 preferably through use of the draw bar 115 which is also used to apply lac~uer. As the adhesive 203 dries, a thin oxidation film ~05 forms over it to prevent a tackiness which might otherwise cause the decalcomania to stick to things generally, and to other and similar decalcomania sheets specifically. Heretofore, the pressure sensitive adhesive generally used in transfer systems has these perculiar pxoperties: sufficient tackiness to readily attach itself to the final surface, sufficient plasticizer content to form a strong and uniform film on the surface, and resistant to breaking away from itself. However, accordin~ t~
the invention, the adhesive should have a very low surface tackiness, with a readily oxidizable outer surface, no strony film formers, and should readily break away from itself. Hence, the adhesive properties of the inventive structure are yenerally opposite to the normally desirable pressure sensitive adhesive properties used in type transfer systems.
' `` ~ 14~6 ~ particularly effective adhesive fo- these purposes is Industrial ~dhesive Number 96442, manufactured by Spartan Adhesives, Crystal Lake, Illinois. The adhesive material 203 contains an epoxy resin and is a rubber-based substance with a solvent system 7hich evaporates at an extremely high rate as compared with the other and similar adhesives, to thereby form a dry oxidized layer which is not tacky but which perser~es a tackiness in the adhesive underlying the oxidized layer. Th~
adhesive 203 also softens a thin outer layer of the lacquer image and forms a relatively strong chemical bond with it. The tack of the adhesive should be stronger with the lacguer than the decalcomania tack with the substrate or base layer.
The method of transferring images is exceedingly simple.
In reference to Fig. 15~., the surface 20~ of the decalcomania is placed in aligned contact with a receiving surface 210, pre-paratory to a transfer of the image 201 thereto. The receiving surface 210 may have any suitable surface, even a very rough one, which would be most difficult to use with previously known transfer systems.
The image 201 is then ali~ned into final position, over exactly the desired site on the receiving surface. This alignment is easily accomplished due to the translucent nature ~, of the substrate or base sheet 200.
Next, a blunt burnishing instrument 211 is used to burnish the back surface ~12 of the substrate or base sheet, in ; the area immediately behind the image 201 which is to be trans-ferred to receiving surface 210. When pressure is thus applied .
11~4~1~
to the back of the decalcomania image, the oY~idized coating 20~ of the adhesive is broken at many points (Fig. 15B) under the b~rnished area. The still tacky underlying adhesive 203 passes through the bro~en oxidized coating and adheres to the 5 receiving surface 210. Since the tack bet~een the adhesive and lac~uer is stronger than the tack between the decalcomania lacquer and the base sheet, the decalcomania will lift away before the adhesive may be pulled away from the isolation lacquer layer.
The base sheet 200 may then be lifted away from the receiving surface 210. The transfer of the image to the surface 210 is completed neatly and easily.
Thus, the invention provides a new and novel method of and apparatus for making a hand proof copy, in multicolored ink. Those skilled in the art will readily perceive how changes and modifications may be made. Therefore, the appended claims are to be construed to cover all modifications falling within true scope and spirit of the invention.
.
Claims (8)
1. A hand proof process for making coloured prints, said process comprising the steps of:
placing a substrate in a fixed position on a machine;
applying a first colouring material to said substrate;
applying a non-transparent photosensitizer over said first colouring material after said first colouring material has dried;
exposing said photosensitizer to light through a photographic mask;
removing the non-fixed portions of the photosensitizer;
removing the portions of the first colouring material which are no longer protected by the photosensitizer; and removing the remaining photosensitizer with a fluid that does not affect the first colouring material, whereby said first colouring material is uncovered by photosensitizer.
2. The process of claim 1, including the further steps of thereafter applying an isolation layer over the remaining first colouring material;
applying a second colouring material over said isolation layer after said isolation layer has dried;
applying a non-transparent photosensitizer over said second colouring material after said second colouring material has dried;
exposing said photosensitizer to light through a photographic mask;
removing the non-fixed portions of said photo-sensitizer;
removing the portions of said second colouring
placing a substrate in a fixed position on a machine;
applying a first colouring material to said substrate;
applying a non-transparent photosensitizer over said first colouring material after said first colouring material has dried;
exposing said photosensitizer to light through a photographic mask;
removing the non-fixed portions of the photosensitizer;
removing the portions of the first colouring material which are no longer protected by the photosensitizer; and removing the remaining photosensitizer with a fluid that does not affect the first colouring material, whereby said first colouring material is uncovered by photosensitizer.
2. The process of claim 1, including the further steps of thereafter applying an isolation layer over the remaining first colouring material;
applying a second colouring material over said isolation layer after said isolation layer has dried;
applying a non-transparent photosensitizer over said second colouring material after said second colouring material has dried;
exposing said photosensitizer to light through a photographic mask;
removing the non-fixed portions of said photo-sensitizer;
removing the portions of said second colouring
Claim 2 continued:
material which are not protected by the photosensitizer; and removing the remaining photosensitizer with a fluid that does not affect the second colouring material, whereby said first and second colouring materials remaining after the removal of the photosensitizer are not covered by any photo-sensitizer.
material which are not protected by the photosensitizer; and removing the remaining photosensitizer with a fluid that does not affect the second colouring material, whereby said first and second colouring materials remaining after the removal of the photosensitizer are not covered by any photo-sensitizer.
3. The process of claim 2, wherein said isolation layer comprises a clear and transparent layer of lacquer, and each colouring material comprises a single colour including powdered printer's ink pigment mixed with an ink-like carrier.
4. The process of claim 1, in which said applying step is achieved by spreading the fluid using a squeegee.
5. The process of claim 1, including the step of rubbing talcum powder on the first colouring material prior to applying the non-transparent photosensitizer and after the first colouring material has dried.
6. A hand proof process for making coloured prints, said process comprising the steps of:
(a) placing a substrate in a fixed position on a machine;
(b) applying a first colouring material to said substrate;
(c) rubbing talcum powder on the first colouring material after said first colouring material has dried;
(d) applying a non-transparent photosensitizer over said first colouring material after said talcum powder has been rubbed on said first colouring material;
(e) exposing said photosensitizer to light through a photographic mask;
6. A hand proof process for making coloured prints, said process comprising the steps of:
(a) placing a substrate in a fixed position on a machine;
(b) applying a first colouring material to said substrate;
(c) rubbing talcum powder on the first colouring material after said first colouring material has dried;
(d) applying a non-transparent photosensitizer over said first colouring material after said talcum powder has been rubbed on said first colouring material;
(e) exposing said photosensitizer to light through a photographic mask;
Claim 6 continued:
(f) removing the non-fixed portions of the photo-sensitizer;
(g) removing the portions of the first colouring material which are no longer protected by the photosensitizer;
(h) removing the remaining photosensitizer with a fluid that does not affect the first colouring material, whereby said first colouring material is uncovered by photosensitizer;
(i) applying an isolation layer over the remaining first colouring material;
(j) applying a second colouring material over said isolation layer after said isolation layer has dried;
(k) rubbing talcum powder on said second colouring material after said second colouring material has dried;
(1) applying a non-transparent photosensitizer over said second colouring material after said talcum powder has been rubbed on said second colouring material;
(m) exposing said photosensitizer to light through a photographic mask;
(n) removing the non-fixed portions of said photosensitizer;
(o) removing the portions of said second colouring material which are not protected by the photosensitizer; and (p) removing the remaining photosensitizer with a fluid that does not affect the second colouring material, whereby said first and second colouring materials remaining after the removal of the photosensitizer are not covered by any photosensitizer.
7. A process as described in claim 6, wherein each colouring material comprises a single colour including powdered printer's ink pigment mixed with an ink-like carrier, said isolation layer comprises a clear and transparent layer of lacquer,
(f) removing the non-fixed portions of the photo-sensitizer;
(g) removing the portions of the first colouring material which are no longer protected by the photosensitizer;
(h) removing the remaining photosensitizer with a fluid that does not affect the first colouring material, whereby said first colouring material is uncovered by photosensitizer;
(i) applying an isolation layer over the remaining first colouring material;
(j) applying a second colouring material over said isolation layer after said isolation layer has dried;
(k) rubbing talcum powder on said second colouring material after said second colouring material has dried;
(1) applying a non-transparent photosensitizer over said second colouring material after said talcum powder has been rubbed on said second colouring material;
(m) exposing said photosensitizer to light through a photographic mask;
(n) removing the non-fixed portions of said photosensitizer;
(o) removing the portions of said second colouring material which are not protected by the photosensitizer; and (p) removing the remaining photosensitizer with a fluid that does not affect the second colouring material, whereby said first and second colouring materials remaining after the removal of the photosensitizer are not covered by any photosensitizer.
7. A process as described in claim 6, wherein each colouring material comprises a single colour including powdered printer's ink pigment mixed with an ink-like carrier, said isolation layer comprises a clear and transparent layer of lacquer,
Claim 7 continued...
said photosensitizer comprises a water-soluable photoresist, and said fluid for removing the remaining photosensitizer comprises an ammonia base solvent which does not have any effect upon the pigmented resins used in the ink.
8. A hand proof process for making colored prints, said process comprising the steps of:
(a) placing a substrate in a fixed position on a machine;
(b) applying a first coloring material to said substrate, said coloring material comprising a single color including powdered printer's ink pigment mixed with an ink-like carrier;
(c) rubbing talcum powder on the first coloring material after said first coloring material has dried;
(d) applying a non-transparent photosensitizer over said first coloring material after said talcum powder has been rubbed on said first coloring material, said photosensitizer being water soluble and comprising a pigmented polyvinyl alcohol sensitized with a sensitizer selected from the group consisting of bichromate and diazo salts;
(e) exposing said photosensitizer to light through a photographic mask;
(f) removing the portions of the photosensitizer which are not exposed to light;
(g) removing the portions of the first coloring material which are no longer protected by the photosensitizer;
(h) removing the remaining photosensitizer with a fluid that does not affect the first coloring material, said fluid comprising a solvent which does not have any affect upon the pigmented resins used in the ink, whereby said first coloring material is uncovered by photosensitizer;
said photosensitizer comprises a water-soluable photoresist, and said fluid for removing the remaining photosensitizer comprises an ammonia base solvent which does not have any effect upon the pigmented resins used in the ink.
8. A hand proof process for making colored prints, said process comprising the steps of:
(a) placing a substrate in a fixed position on a machine;
(b) applying a first coloring material to said substrate, said coloring material comprising a single color including powdered printer's ink pigment mixed with an ink-like carrier;
(c) rubbing talcum powder on the first coloring material after said first coloring material has dried;
(d) applying a non-transparent photosensitizer over said first coloring material after said talcum powder has been rubbed on said first coloring material, said photosensitizer being water soluble and comprising a pigmented polyvinyl alcohol sensitized with a sensitizer selected from the group consisting of bichromate and diazo salts;
(e) exposing said photosensitizer to light through a photographic mask;
(f) removing the portions of the photosensitizer which are not exposed to light;
(g) removing the portions of the first coloring material which are no longer protected by the photosensitizer;
(h) removing the remaining photosensitizer with a fluid that does not affect the first coloring material, said fluid comprising a solvent which does not have any affect upon the pigmented resins used in the ink, whereby said first coloring material is uncovered by photosensitizer;
Claim 8 continued...
(i) applying an isolation layer over the remaining first coloring material, said isolation layer comprising a clear and transparent layer of lacquer;
(j) applying a second coloring material over said isolation layer after said isolation layer has dried, said second coloring material comprising a single color including powdered printer's ink pigment mixed with an ink-like carrier;
(k) rubbing talcum powder on said second coloring material after said second coloring material has dried;
(1) applying a non-transparent photosensitizer over said second coloring material after said talcum powder has been rubbed on said second coloring material, said photosensitizer being water soluble and comprising pigmented polyvinyl alcohol sensitized with a sensitizer selected from the group consisting of bichromate and diazo salts;
(m) exposing said photosensitizer to light through a photographic mask;
(n) removing the portions of said photosensitizer which are not exposed to light;
(o) removing the portions of said second coloring material which are not protected by the photosensitizer; and (p) removing the remaining photosensitizer with a fluid that does not affect the second coloring material, whereby said first and second coloring materials remaining after the removal of the photosensitizer are not covered by any photosensitizer.
(i) applying an isolation layer over the remaining first coloring material, said isolation layer comprising a clear and transparent layer of lacquer;
(j) applying a second coloring material over said isolation layer after said isolation layer has dried, said second coloring material comprising a single color including powdered printer's ink pigment mixed with an ink-like carrier;
(k) rubbing talcum powder on said second coloring material after said second coloring material has dried;
(1) applying a non-transparent photosensitizer over said second coloring material after said talcum powder has been rubbed on said second coloring material, said photosensitizer being water soluble and comprising pigmented polyvinyl alcohol sensitized with a sensitizer selected from the group consisting of bichromate and diazo salts;
(m) exposing said photosensitizer to light through a photographic mask;
(n) removing the portions of said photosensitizer which are not exposed to light;
(o) removing the portions of said second coloring material which are not protected by the photosensitizer; and (p) removing the remaining photosensitizer with a fluid that does not affect the second coloring material, whereby said first and second coloring materials remaining after the removal of the photosensitizer are not covered by any photosensitizer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA313,636A CA1104416A (en) | 1978-10-17 | 1978-10-17 | Method of and apparatus for making hand proofs of color prints |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA313,636A CA1104416A (en) | 1978-10-17 | 1978-10-17 | Method of and apparatus for making hand proofs of color prints |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1104416A true CA1104416A (en) | 1981-07-07 |
Family
ID=4112624
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA313,636A Expired CA1104416A (en) | 1978-10-17 | 1978-10-17 | Method of and apparatus for making hand proofs of color prints |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1104416A (en) |
-
1978
- 1978-10-17 CA CA313,636A patent/CA1104416A/en not_active Expired
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