CA1102083A - Arch forming assembly - Google Patents
Arch forming assemblyInfo
- Publication number
- CA1102083A CA1102083A CA301,939A CA301939A CA1102083A CA 1102083 A CA1102083 A CA 1102083A CA 301939 A CA301939 A CA 301939A CA 1102083 A CA1102083 A CA 1102083A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tension
- tension line
- flexible member
- side portion
- tensioning
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
- E04G11/36—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for floors, ceilings, or roofs of plane or curved surfaces end formpanels for floor shutterings
- E04G11/48—Supporting structures for shutterings or frames for floors or roofs
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
- E04B1/3205—Structures with a longitudinal horizontal axis, e.g. cylindrical or prismatic structures
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
- E04B7/08—Vaulted roofs
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/14—Conveying or assembling building elements
- E04G21/16—Tools or apparatus
- E04G21/18—Adjusting tools; Templates
- E04G21/1841—Means for positioning building parts or elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/14—Conveying or assembling building elements
- E04G21/16—Tools or apparatus
- E04G21/18—Adjusting tools; Templates
- E04G21/1841—Means for positioning building parts or elements
- E04G21/1858—Templates for window or door openings, e.g. in a masonry wall
- E04G21/1866—Templates for window or door openings, e.g. in a masonry wall for making arches
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
- E04B2001/3217—Auxiliary supporting devices used during erection of the arched structures
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
- E04B2001/3235—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures having a grid frame
- E04B2001/3241—Frame connection details
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
- E04B2001/3235—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures having a grid frame
- E04B2001/3252—Covering details
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
- E04B2001/3258—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures comprised entirely of a single self-supporting panel
- E04B2001/3264—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures comprised entirely of a single self-supporting panel hardened in situ
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/35—Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block
- E04B2001/3583—Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block using permanent tensioning means, e.g. cables or rods, to assemble or rigidify structures (not pre- or poststressing concrete), e.g. by tying them around the structure
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Tents Or Canopies (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A collapsible arch forming assembly comprising a flexible member and two tension line lengths with one tension line length threaded through even number guides, counted from one end of the flexible member and the other tension line length threaded through the odd number guides. Tensioning the tension line lengths arches the flexible member into the arch and this may be done by a winch assembly or inserting spreader bars at the guides to deflect the free one of the first and se-cond tension line lengths at that position. The spreader bars may be replaced by, for example, mechanical jacks or fluid pressure actuated jacks particularly for such applica-tions as using the arch forming assembly as formwork upon which concrete is poured.
A collapsible arch forming assembly comprising a flexible member and two tension line lengths with one tension line length threaded through even number guides, counted from one end of the flexible member and the other tension line length threaded through the odd number guides. Tensioning the tension line lengths arches the flexible member into the arch and this may be done by a winch assembly or inserting spreader bars at the guides to deflect the free one of the first and se-cond tension line lengths at that position. The spreader bars may be replaced by, for example, mechanical jacks or fluid pressure actuated jacks particularly for such applica-tions as using the arch forming assembly as formwork upon which concrete is poured.
Description
i3 is inyell~iOII rela-~es ~o ~n arch ~oXming assem~ly.
Uni-t~d t;in~jdoIIl Paten-t llo~ 1,206,706, dated June 14r 195S, "~rched ~ui:ldiny ~lembers~ .J. Cohenl discloses a buil-ding a,sen-,bly cor,~rising an elongated building mel~er with fle-xible tensioniny member connected thereto at spaced positions tllerealorlg and in spaced relationship -therefrom 50 that on app]ying a tension to the flexible tensioning member the buil~
ding member is cambered upwardly and -thereby erected.
While the archecl building member devised by E.J. Cohen 10 has no doubt been found to be useful in some areas it has been found by the applicants to have a drawback in that the elongated building member can only be cambered to a limit.ed extent and so the arched buildiny member cannot be used whe.re a building having a reasonable degree of .internal height is required.
In United States Patent No. 3,986,541, dated ~ovem-ber 26, 1974, "Arched Building Assembly Formed of Resiliently, Flexible Members", E.J. Cohen, discloses an improvement on the arched building member, comprising a building assembly for erecting an arched, resiliently flexible building member in 20 which the building mernber consists of two sub-members which are interconnected by a resiliently flexible connector capable of greater flexure than the sub-members so that, on erection, the building member has an upwardly pointed shape. Flexure of the flexible connector, and upward cambering of the submembers is effected by loading the submernbers in compression with loa~
ding cables which interconnect longitudinally spaced parts of the building member and are raised with the buildiny member by bracing means which maintain the cables in fixed spaced rela-tionship to intermediate parts of the building mei~er. Fle-30 xure in both the reslliently fïexible connector and the sub-mel~ers occurs simultaneously, but to a greater extent in the .res:i].i,rl~ ~r:~sn~.r. ~cld:itio:nal loa~inc~ ca~les maX be pro~ided for flexirl~-the suh-m2mbers i`ndependantly.
~ J~ile the ~rched huildiny assem~ly of Cohen does in-crease the ir-bernal heigh-t of the ~uilding ~y most of the de~-flection occurring in the resilientl~ flexible connector there is still a problem in that the arched building assembly, ~rhen erected, assumes the form of a slightly cambered, splayed, in-verted V-shape and so additional height is only provided at the center of the building.
Thus there is still a need for an arch forming assem~
bly which provides adequate internal height over a reasonable portion of the buildiny floor space.
According to the present invention there is provided an arch forming assembly, comprising:
a) a substantially flat flexible mernber for bendins to the shape of the curved arch, b) a plurality of tension line guides attached to the flexible member at spaced intervals to a side of the fle-~: xible member which will define the inside of the arch so that 20 tension line guides will be spaced therearound, c) a first tension ].ine attached at one end to afirst side portion of the flexible member and threaded through even numbe~ tension line guides.-only, counted from the sald first side portion to a second side portion opposed thereto, and attached at the other end to the second side portion, d) a second tension l.ine attached at one end to the first side portion of the flexible member and threaded throush odd number tension iine guides only, counted from the said first side portion towards the said second side portion, 30 and attached a.t the other end to the said second side portion, and llUZQ~3 e.) rmeans.:Ec)r tens.ioniny th.~ said ;Eirs.~ and second t^nsion lines to bend the flexible member to the ~hape of the cu-ved arch.
In the accompanying drawings lrrhic~ illustratel by way of e~ample, en~odimen-ts oE the present invention, Figure 1 is an isometric view of an arch forming assem~ly in a collapsed form, Figure 2 is an end vie~ of the arc.~ formi`ng assemkly, shown in Figure 1, erected, Figure 3 is an enlarged perspective view of a means for tensioning first and second tension lines shown in Figures 1 ana 2, at the right hand end of a flexible memher, Figure 4 is a side view of a tension line guide and a portion of a flexible member, Figure 5 is a sectional end view of Figure 4 along Figure 6 is an enlarged perspective view of the first and second tension lines shown in Figures 1 and 2, joined at the left hand end of the flexible member and passing around a .~ 20 pulley at the joint, Figure 7 is an end vlew of a different arch forming assembly to that shown in Figures 1 and 6, Figure 8 is an end view of a portion of the arch forming assembly shown in Figure 7, Figure 9 is an end view of a portion of a different arch forming assembly to that shown in any of Figures 1 to 6, in a collapsed condition, Fiyure 10 is an end view of the arch forming assembly shown in Figure 9, in an erected condition, Figure 11 is a similar end view to that shown in Fi-gure 10 with the tension line lbngths omitted, Figure 12 is a similar end view to that shown in Fi-gure 10 ~itl~ the ~-lrch forming asselllbly being used as a Eormwork for concr~.~, alld Figure 13 is an end view of a corner support for the arch .~orming a~s~nbly sho~n in ~iy~re. 12.
~ e:E~rrin~ to liigures 1 to 6, t~ere are shown three arch forminy assemblies 1 -to 3~ each comprising:
a) a substantially flat flexible member 4 for bending to the shape of the cur~ed arch shown in Figure 2, b) a plurality of tension line guides 6, 6a, 6b and 10 6c, shown in detail in Figures 3 to 6, attached to the flexi-ble member 4 at spaced intervals on a side of the flexible mem-ber 4 which will form the inside of the arch so that tension line guides 6, 6a, 6b and 6c will be spaced therearound, c) a first tension line 8 attached at one end to a first side portion 10 of the flexible member 4, by means of tension line guide 6b, and threaded through even number ten-sion line guides 6 only, counted from the said first side por--tion 10 towards a second side portion 12 opposed thereto, and attached at the other end to the second side portion 12, in this 20 embodiment by means of tension line guide 6c, d) a second tension line 16 attached, in this embo-diment by means of tension line guide 6b, to the first side portion 10 of the flexible member 4 and threaded through odd number tension line guides 6 only, counted from the said first side portion 10 towards the said second side portion 12, and attached at the other end to the said second side portion 12, in this embodiment by means of tension line guide 6c, and e) means generally designated 18 in Figure 3 for -tensioning the said first and second tension lines 8 and 16 30 to bend the flexible member 4 (shown chain-dotted in Figures 3 and 6) to the shape of the curved arch.
The tension lines 8 arid 16 in this embodiment are lla~Z~3 helica]l~ strclrl~led st~el cable~ and are in one con-tinuous ]ellgth wl~ is a-ttached to the first side portion 10 by looping aroun~ a freely rota-table pulley 20 (Figure 6) of the tensio~ line guide 6b. The tension line guide 6b com-prises the pulley 20 mounted to freely rotate in a bracket 22 securely attached to an end portion of the flexible mem-ber 4 and a se-t screw 23 for locking the first and second tension lines 8 and 16 to the bracket 22. In other embodi-ments, the tension line guide 6b comprises an eye bolt of 10 the type shown in Figures ~ and 5, attached to the flexible mernher 4 in a secure manner.
The tension line guides 6 and 6a (Figures 4 and 5) each comprise an eye bolt, preferably provided with a set screw 21 or other locking device for clamping the ten-sion line 8 or 16 against slipping therethrough once the flexible member 4 has assumed the shape of a curved arch.
The tension line guide 6c (Figure 3) comprises a tube 23 which is attached to the flexible member 4 and has a set screw 24 or other locking device for clamping the ten-20 sion line 16 in the same manner as the set screw 21 (Figures4 and 5). Tension line guide 6c has a bracket plate 26 wel-ded thereto. The end of the tension line 8 is secured to the bracket plate 25. The bracket plate 26 is welded to a base plate 28 upon which is mounted a variable speed elec tric motor and slipping clutch gear reduction unit 30 having a winch drum 32 mounted on its driving shaft. l'he end of the tension line 16 is attached to a winch drum 32.
The flexible members 4 of each of the arch forming assemblies 1 to 3 are joined by transverse members 34 to 37 130 to form one struc-ture, and a ~lexible covering sheet or roof ;covering 38 o, for example, a synthetic plastic material is preEerably placed over and tied to the struc-ture when it is in the f~,iit:tened condition shown in Figuxe 1.
The structura:L member ~ may be integral with the roo~ covering 38 where the entire unit is cons-truc-ted from iibreglass or other suitable ma-terial. On erection, sec--tions o~ the building comple~e with structural member and roGf covering are raised in position. The erected sections can then be sealed at the joining points to provide a con-tinuous leak-prooE building. Longi-tudinal members, although fewex in num~er, could be provided to establish longitudinal 10 in-teg,~ity.
In operation the flexible members 4 have or are given a slight curvature in the direction in which they are to be arched while lying on the ground or a foundation. The members 4, if not provided with a slight curvature can be deflected to have one by providing support blocks or jacks underneath the members 4 before the flexible covering sheet 8~ is placed over and tied to the structure.
Each electric motor and slipping clutch gear re-duction uni~ 30 of each of the three arch forming asseniblies 20 are simultaneously driven to tension the first and seconcl tension lines 8 and 16, until the flexible members 4 have been defle~-ted to form an arch as shown in Figure 2. ~Jhen the flexi~le member 4 has been deflected to form the desired arch as shown in Figure 2 each set screw 21 and 24 is tigh-tened to lock the first and second tension lines 8 and 16 to each tension line guide 6, 6a and 6c, and the set screw 23 is tightened to lock the first and second tension lines 8 and 16 to the bracket 22. Locking the first and second 1tension lines 8 and 16 in this manner is preferred because !30 it provides the erected structure with additional strength and rigidity.
When it is necessary to collapse the arch forming asse!nblie~i 1 to ~ the set screws ~.1, 23 and 24 are unscrewed and -the slir~r)in~, clul_ch of the electrlc motor and slippiny clu~ch unit 30 is used to gently collapse each flexible member 4.
The flexible members 4 may be strcssed within the e1as-tic limit for re-usable structures or beyond the elas-tic limit for permanen-t or semi-permanent structures.
The form of arch obtained depends on the spacings between the tension line guides 6, 6a, 6b and 6c. If the 10 spacings between the tension guides 6 and 6a at a central ; portion of each flexible member 4 are enl.arged or made smaller than the spacings of the remainder, then the local curvature at this central portion is either increased or decreased thus permitting a modified shape resulting in either greater head room and a shorter span or smaller head room and a larger span.
t In different embodiments of the present invention the tension line guides 6, 6a, 6b and 6c are distr.ibuted .^~
along only a portion of the length of each flexible member 20 4 so that in the erected position each flexible member 4.
has, for example, portions at each end that have not been deflected. These portions may have greater stiffness than the portions that are deflected or may be stiffened after the structure has been erected.
Further rigidity may be obtained by moving the lower ends of the flexible members 4 a little further apart once the first and second tension line lengths 8 and 16 have been clamped to the tension line guides 6, 6a, 6b and 6c.
; 30 If desired additional aid can be provided in the erecti.oll stage by drawing the ends of the flexible members together by, for example, an additional cable extending -- 7 ~
t~3 directly between these ends. '~his wi:ll reduce the load re-~uir^d in ch~ fi-r-;~ and second tension lines to deflect the flexible members 4.
In different embocliments of -the present invention, the firs~ and second tension line lengths 8 and 16 have their le~t hand ends secured to -the flexible member 4 instead of being joined and passed around pulley 20. In this embodiment the right hand ends of both the first and second tension line lengths 8 and 16 are tensioned by, for 10 example, a winch mechanism such as a drum actuated with a lever through a pawl or ratchet mechanism to prevent slip-ping. Tlle pawl or ratchet device is preferably attached to the flexible member 4 making the whole assembly self-contained.
The embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 6 is particu-larly suitable for small buildings such as, for example, small home-style greenhouses and portable or temporary enclosures.
In Figures 7 and 8 similar parts to those shown in Figures l to 6 are desiynated by the same reference numerals.
In Figures 7 and 8 the first and second tension lines 8 and 16 are secured to the flexible member 4 at ten-sion line guide 6c and pass through the tension line guides 6, 6a (Figures 4 and 5) and 6c (Figure 3) and are secured therein by the set screws 24. In this embodiment the ten-sioning means 18 is not provided. The left hand ends of the tension line lengths 8 and 16 are secured to the fle-xible member 4.
The flexible member 4 is initially flat and is e ected by progressively insertiny spreader bars 40 -to 46, 30 starting with the spreader bar 40, as shown in Figure 6 at the positions or the intermediate tension line guides 6 and 6a to deflect the tension line length 8 or 16 not passing 0~33 theret~lrougl-l. Thus the flexible member 4 is progressively deflec-~ed fr~ln the tension line leng-ths 8 and 16 to form an arch. The tension line lengths 8 and 16 are then locked in the tension line guides 6 and 6a by set screws or other locking devices. The spreader bars ~0 ma~ also be secured to the tension line lengths 8 and 16 to provide additional rigidity to the s-tructure. Irhe degree oE cur-vature imparted to the flexible member 4 depends on the lengths of the spreader bars 40 to 46 which may be dif-10 ferent to produce an arch of a particular shape.
As with the previous embodiment the ends of the flexible member 4 may be drawn closer by, say, a cable~ex-tending across the gap between them to assist in this in-stance in the installation of the spreader bars 40 to 46.
Further, as with the previous embodiment, further rigidity may be obtained by moving the lower ends of the flexible member 4 a little further apart following the clam~ing of the tension line lengths 8 and 16 at the ten-sion line guides 6 and 6a.
The flexible member 4 may be deformed within the elastic limit or may be deformed beyond the elastic limit in which case it will be capable of carrying a greater load.
In Figures 9 to 11, similar parts to those;shown in Figures 1 to 6 are designated by the same reference numera. 5. and the previous description is relied upon to describe them.
In Figures 9 to 11 the spreader bars 48 to 54 are pivotally attached at one end to the intermediate tension line guides 6 and 6a by hinges 55 to 5S shown in Figure 9, 30 and have slots at the other ends through which the tension ]ine iengths 8 and 16 are held captive in a freely slidable manner. In this embodiment the tension line ler.gths 8 and 16 are each clnchored at both ends to the flexible member 4 and are ~ u~e~ -to the tension line guides 6 and 6a by, for e~ample, set screws (not shown) when the flexible member 4 has been de~lected to form an arch.
The spreauer bar 48 closest -to the first side portion 10 is at-tached thereto by an anchor s-tring cable 40 and each spreader bar 49 to 54 subsequently to the spreader bar 48 in the direction of the second side portion 12 is secured to the preceding spreader bar by one of the draw 10 string cables 62 to 67. The spreader bar 54 which is clo-sest to the second side portion 12 has a draw string cable 68 attached thereto which is threaded through the tube 23 of the tension line guide 6c and is attached to the means generally designated 18 for tensioning the first and second tension lines 8 and 16, which is preferably a ratchet ope-rated device.
; In operation the draw string cable 68 i5 ten-sioned to draw the spreader bars 48 to 54 from the position shown in Figure 9 to the position shown in Figures 10 and ~ -20 11 where further movement of the spreader bars is prevented by the anchor string cable 60 and the draw string cables 62 to 67. This movement of the spreader bars tensions the first and second tension lines 8 and 16 which causes the flexible member 4 to be deflected to the desired arch. The draw string cable 68 is then clamped in the tube 23 (Figure 3) by means of the set screw 24 or other locking device.
The lengths of the anchor string cable 60 and each draw string cable 62 to 67 are chosen bearing in mind that for good structural design:
i) they control the angles betw~en the fleY~ible member 4 when deflected and the spreader bars 49 to 54 which are preferably such that the spreader bars 49 to 54 extend 11~2~2~33 s~st~n~ y l-L~dially inwards from the curva-ture of the arch, and ii) preferably -the length of each dra~ string cable 62 to 67 equals the arcuate leng-th of the deflected portion of the flexible member 4 between the two spreader bars connected by -that draw string cahle. This may also determine the position along each spreader bar 49 to 54 that the left hand end of a draw string cable is connected thereto.
The embodiment shown in Figures 9 to 11 is par-ticularly suitable for use in large, demountable buildings, semi-permanent and permanent buildings and as formwork for reinforced concrete where curved formwork is required, e.g.
arches, domes and etc.
~ n Figures 12 and 13 similar parts to those shown in Figures 9 to 11 are designated by the same reference nu-; merals and the previous description is relied upon to des-cribe them.
In Figures 12 and 13 the spreader bars may be -20 actuated by anchor string cables as described witn referenceto Figures 9 to 11 or in the form of fluid pressure actuated jacks 70 to 73. When fluid pressure actuated jacks 70 to 73 are used, they are secured to the flexible member in such a manner that they remain normal thereto at all times.
.~nchor string cables are not necessary with fluid pressure actuated jacks 70 to 73 and the first and second tension line lèngths 8 and 15 are secured to the free ends thereof in a freely slidable manner. The tension line lengths 8 and 16 are each secured at both ends 74 and 76 to the fle-30 xible member 4. The ends 74 and 76 of the flexible member~ aLe provided wi-th angle supports 78 and 80 respectively which are pivotally attached to the flexible member 4 by release pins 82 and g4 respectively.
In operation the jacks 70 to 73 are actuated to cause the flexlble member 4 -to assume the arch without being ..
coupled to the angle supports 78 and 80. The angle supports 78 and 80 are placed upon supports 86 and 88 which the formed concrete 100 is to span and the flexible member 4 is coupled to the angle suppor-ts 78 and 80 by the pins 82 and 84 respec-tively. The concrete is then poured and allowed to harden to form the concrete 100.
The structure is then released from the concrete by first temporarily supporting the form, then removing the pins 82 and 84, and then actuating at least one of the jacks or increasing the curvature by any other means hence causing the ends 82 and 84 to move away from the concrete 100 and thus breaking the bond between the formwork and the concrete.
The form is then removed from underneath the concrete 100 for use elsewhere.
i~
In other embodiments of the present invention, where the width of the flexible member 4 permits it, one 20 pair of tension line lengths 8 and 16 extend along one diagonal path across the flexible member 4 while another pair of tension line lengths 8 and 16 extend along the other diagonal path across ~he flexible member 4, and the flexible member 4 can either be given an extra curvature in a width wise direction or be stiffened to avoid this at least along the edges.
In some embodiments of the present invention the first and second tension line lengths 8 and 16 comprise a single wire.strand of steel or another metal, a plastic : 30 filament or cord of, for example, superpolyamide.
Uni-t~d t;in~jdoIIl Paten-t llo~ 1,206,706, dated June 14r 195S, "~rched ~ui:ldiny ~lembers~ .J. Cohenl discloses a buil-ding a,sen-,bly cor,~rising an elongated building mel~er with fle-xible tensioniny member connected thereto at spaced positions tllerealorlg and in spaced relationship -therefrom 50 that on app]ying a tension to the flexible tensioning member the buil~
ding member is cambered upwardly and -thereby erected.
While the archecl building member devised by E.J. Cohen 10 has no doubt been found to be useful in some areas it has been found by the applicants to have a drawback in that the elongated building member can only be cambered to a limit.ed extent and so the arched buildiny member cannot be used whe.re a building having a reasonable degree of .internal height is required.
In United States Patent No. 3,986,541, dated ~ovem-ber 26, 1974, "Arched Building Assembly Formed of Resiliently, Flexible Members", E.J. Cohen, discloses an improvement on the arched building member, comprising a building assembly for erecting an arched, resiliently flexible building member in 20 which the building mernber consists of two sub-members which are interconnected by a resiliently flexible connector capable of greater flexure than the sub-members so that, on erection, the building member has an upwardly pointed shape. Flexure of the flexible connector, and upward cambering of the submembers is effected by loading the submernbers in compression with loa~
ding cables which interconnect longitudinally spaced parts of the building member and are raised with the buildiny member by bracing means which maintain the cables in fixed spaced rela-tionship to intermediate parts of the building mei~er. Fle-30 xure in both the reslliently fïexible connector and the sub-mel~ers occurs simultaneously, but to a greater extent in the .res:i].i,rl~ ~r:~sn~.r. ~cld:itio:nal loa~inc~ ca~les maX be pro~ided for flexirl~-the suh-m2mbers i`ndependantly.
~ J~ile the ~rched huildiny assem~ly of Cohen does in-crease the ir-bernal heigh-t of the ~uilding ~y most of the de~-flection occurring in the resilientl~ flexible connector there is still a problem in that the arched building assembly, ~rhen erected, assumes the form of a slightly cambered, splayed, in-verted V-shape and so additional height is only provided at the center of the building.
Thus there is still a need for an arch forming assem~
bly which provides adequate internal height over a reasonable portion of the buildiny floor space.
According to the present invention there is provided an arch forming assembly, comprising:
a) a substantially flat flexible mernber for bendins to the shape of the curved arch, b) a plurality of tension line guides attached to the flexible member at spaced intervals to a side of the fle-~: xible member which will define the inside of the arch so that 20 tension line guides will be spaced therearound, c) a first tension ].ine attached at one end to afirst side portion of the flexible member and threaded through even numbe~ tension line guides.-only, counted from the sald first side portion to a second side portion opposed thereto, and attached at the other end to the second side portion, d) a second tension l.ine attached at one end to the first side portion of the flexible member and threaded throush odd number tension iine guides only, counted from the said first side portion towards the said second side portion, 30 and attached a.t the other end to the said second side portion, and llUZQ~3 e.) rmeans.:Ec)r tens.ioniny th.~ said ;Eirs.~ and second t^nsion lines to bend the flexible member to the ~hape of the cu-ved arch.
In the accompanying drawings lrrhic~ illustratel by way of e~ample, en~odimen-ts oE the present invention, Figure 1 is an isometric view of an arch forming assem~ly in a collapsed form, Figure 2 is an end vie~ of the arc.~ formi`ng assemkly, shown in Figure 1, erected, Figure 3 is an enlarged perspective view of a means for tensioning first and second tension lines shown in Figures 1 ana 2, at the right hand end of a flexible memher, Figure 4 is a side view of a tension line guide and a portion of a flexible member, Figure 5 is a sectional end view of Figure 4 along Figure 6 is an enlarged perspective view of the first and second tension lines shown in Figures 1 and 2, joined at the left hand end of the flexible member and passing around a .~ 20 pulley at the joint, Figure 7 is an end vlew of a different arch forming assembly to that shown in Figures 1 and 6, Figure 8 is an end view of a portion of the arch forming assembly shown in Figure 7, Figure 9 is an end view of a portion of a different arch forming assembly to that shown in any of Figures 1 to 6, in a collapsed condition, Fiyure 10 is an end view of the arch forming assembly shown in Figure 9, in an erected condition, Figure 11 is a similar end view to that shown in Fi-gure 10 with the tension line lbngths omitted, Figure 12 is a similar end view to that shown in Fi-gure 10 ~itl~ the ~-lrch forming asselllbly being used as a Eormwork for concr~.~, alld Figure 13 is an end view of a corner support for the arch .~orming a~s~nbly sho~n in ~iy~re. 12.
~ e:E~rrin~ to liigures 1 to 6, t~ere are shown three arch forminy assemblies 1 -to 3~ each comprising:
a) a substantially flat flexible member 4 for bending to the shape of the cur~ed arch shown in Figure 2, b) a plurality of tension line guides 6, 6a, 6b and 10 6c, shown in detail in Figures 3 to 6, attached to the flexi-ble member 4 at spaced intervals on a side of the flexible mem-ber 4 which will form the inside of the arch so that tension line guides 6, 6a, 6b and 6c will be spaced therearound, c) a first tension line 8 attached at one end to a first side portion 10 of the flexible member 4, by means of tension line guide 6b, and threaded through even number ten-sion line guides 6 only, counted from the said first side por--tion 10 towards a second side portion 12 opposed thereto, and attached at the other end to the second side portion 12, in this 20 embodiment by means of tension line guide 6c, d) a second tension line 16 attached, in this embo-diment by means of tension line guide 6b, to the first side portion 10 of the flexible member 4 and threaded through odd number tension line guides 6 only, counted from the said first side portion 10 towards the said second side portion 12, and attached at the other end to the said second side portion 12, in this embodiment by means of tension line guide 6c, and e) means generally designated 18 in Figure 3 for -tensioning the said first and second tension lines 8 and 16 30 to bend the flexible member 4 (shown chain-dotted in Figures 3 and 6) to the shape of the curved arch.
The tension lines 8 arid 16 in this embodiment are lla~Z~3 helica]l~ strclrl~led st~el cable~ and are in one con-tinuous ]ellgth wl~ is a-ttached to the first side portion 10 by looping aroun~ a freely rota-table pulley 20 (Figure 6) of the tensio~ line guide 6b. The tension line guide 6b com-prises the pulley 20 mounted to freely rotate in a bracket 22 securely attached to an end portion of the flexible mem-ber 4 and a se-t screw 23 for locking the first and second tension lines 8 and 16 to the bracket 22. In other embodi-ments, the tension line guide 6b comprises an eye bolt of 10 the type shown in Figures ~ and 5, attached to the flexible mernher 4 in a secure manner.
The tension line guides 6 and 6a (Figures 4 and 5) each comprise an eye bolt, preferably provided with a set screw 21 or other locking device for clamping the ten-sion line 8 or 16 against slipping therethrough once the flexible member 4 has assumed the shape of a curved arch.
The tension line guide 6c (Figure 3) comprises a tube 23 which is attached to the flexible member 4 and has a set screw 24 or other locking device for clamping the ten-20 sion line 16 in the same manner as the set screw 21 (Figures4 and 5). Tension line guide 6c has a bracket plate 26 wel-ded thereto. The end of the tension line 8 is secured to the bracket plate 25. The bracket plate 26 is welded to a base plate 28 upon which is mounted a variable speed elec tric motor and slipping clutch gear reduction unit 30 having a winch drum 32 mounted on its driving shaft. l'he end of the tension line 16 is attached to a winch drum 32.
The flexible members 4 of each of the arch forming assemblies 1 to 3 are joined by transverse members 34 to 37 130 to form one struc-ture, and a ~lexible covering sheet or roof ;covering 38 o, for example, a synthetic plastic material is preEerably placed over and tied to the struc-ture when it is in the f~,iit:tened condition shown in Figuxe 1.
The structura:L member ~ may be integral with the roo~ covering 38 where the entire unit is cons-truc-ted from iibreglass or other suitable ma-terial. On erection, sec--tions o~ the building comple~e with structural member and roGf covering are raised in position. The erected sections can then be sealed at the joining points to provide a con-tinuous leak-prooE building. Longi-tudinal members, although fewex in num~er, could be provided to establish longitudinal 10 in-teg,~ity.
In operation the flexible members 4 have or are given a slight curvature in the direction in which they are to be arched while lying on the ground or a foundation. The members 4, if not provided with a slight curvature can be deflected to have one by providing support blocks or jacks underneath the members 4 before the flexible covering sheet 8~ is placed over and tied to the structure.
Each electric motor and slipping clutch gear re-duction uni~ 30 of each of the three arch forming asseniblies 20 are simultaneously driven to tension the first and seconcl tension lines 8 and 16, until the flexible members 4 have been defle~-ted to form an arch as shown in Figure 2. ~Jhen the flexi~le member 4 has been deflected to form the desired arch as shown in Figure 2 each set screw 21 and 24 is tigh-tened to lock the first and second tension lines 8 and 16 to each tension line guide 6, 6a and 6c, and the set screw 23 is tightened to lock the first and second tension lines 8 and 16 to the bracket 22. Locking the first and second 1tension lines 8 and 16 in this manner is preferred because !30 it provides the erected structure with additional strength and rigidity.
When it is necessary to collapse the arch forming asse!nblie~i 1 to ~ the set screws ~.1, 23 and 24 are unscrewed and -the slir~r)in~, clul_ch of the electrlc motor and slippiny clu~ch unit 30 is used to gently collapse each flexible member 4.
The flexible members 4 may be strcssed within the e1as-tic limit for re-usable structures or beyond the elas-tic limit for permanen-t or semi-permanent structures.
The form of arch obtained depends on the spacings between the tension line guides 6, 6a, 6b and 6c. If the 10 spacings between the tension guides 6 and 6a at a central ; portion of each flexible member 4 are enl.arged or made smaller than the spacings of the remainder, then the local curvature at this central portion is either increased or decreased thus permitting a modified shape resulting in either greater head room and a shorter span or smaller head room and a larger span.
t In different embodiments of the present invention the tension line guides 6, 6a, 6b and 6c are distr.ibuted .^~
along only a portion of the length of each flexible member 20 4 so that in the erected position each flexible member 4.
has, for example, portions at each end that have not been deflected. These portions may have greater stiffness than the portions that are deflected or may be stiffened after the structure has been erected.
Further rigidity may be obtained by moving the lower ends of the flexible members 4 a little further apart once the first and second tension line lengths 8 and 16 have been clamped to the tension line guides 6, 6a, 6b and 6c.
; 30 If desired additional aid can be provided in the erecti.oll stage by drawing the ends of the flexible members together by, for example, an additional cable extending -- 7 ~
t~3 directly between these ends. '~his wi:ll reduce the load re-~uir^d in ch~ fi-r-;~ and second tension lines to deflect the flexible members 4.
In different embocliments of -the present invention, the firs~ and second tension line lengths 8 and 16 have their le~t hand ends secured to -the flexible member 4 instead of being joined and passed around pulley 20. In this embodiment the right hand ends of both the first and second tension line lengths 8 and 16 are tensioned by, for 10 example, a winch mechanism such as a drum actuated with a lever through a pawl or ratchet mechanism to prevent slip-ping. Tlle pawl or ratchet device is preferably attached to the flexible member 4 making the whole assembly self-contained.
The embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 6 is particu-larly suitable for small buildings such as, for example, small home-style greenhouses and portable or temporary enclosures.
In Figures 7 and 8 similar parts to those shown in Figures l to 6 are desiynated by the same reference numerals.
In Figures 7 and 8 the first and second tension lines 8 and 16 are secured to the flexible member 4 at ten-sion line guide 6c and pass through the tension line guides 6, 6a (Figures 4 and 5) and 6c (Figure 3) and are secured therein by the set screws 24. In this embodiment the ten-sioning means 18 is not provided. The left hand ends of the tension line lengths 8 and 16 are secured to the fle-xible member 4.
The flexible member 4 is initially flat and is e ected by progressively insertiny spreader bars 40 -to 46, 30 starting with the spreader bar 40, as shown in Figure 6 at the positions or the intermediate tension line guides 6 and 6a to deflect the tension line length 8 or 16 not passing 0~33 theret~lrougl-l. Thus the flexible member 4 is progressively deflec-~ed fr~ln the tension line leng-ths 8 and 16 to form an arch. The tension line lengths 8 and 16 are then locked in the tension line guides 6 and 6a by set screws or other locking devices. The spreader bars ~0 ma~ also be secured to the tension line lengths 8 and 16 to provide additional rigidity to the s-tructure. Irhe degree oE cur-vature imparted to the flexible member 4 depends on the lengths of the spreader bars 40 to 46 which may be dif-10 ferent to produce an arch of a particular shape.
As with the previous embodiment the ends of the flexible member 4 may be drawn closer by, say, a cable~ex-tending across the gap between them to assist in this in-stance in the installation of the spreader bars 40 to 46.
Further, as with the previous embodiment, further rigidity may be obtained by moving the lower ends of the flexible member 4 a little further apart following the clam~ing of the tension line lengths 8 and 16 at the ten-sion line guides 6 and 6a.
The flexible member 4 may be deformed within the elastic limit or may be deformed beyond the elastic limit in which case it will be capable of carrying a greater load.
In Figures 9 to 11, similar parts to those;shown in Figures 1 to 6 are designated by the same reference numera. 5. and the previous description is relied upon to describe them.
In Figures 9 to 11 the spreader bars 48 to 54 are pivotally attached at one end to the intermediate tension line guides 6 and 6a by hinges 55 to 5S shown in Figure 9, 30 and have slots at the other ends through which the tension ]ine iengths 8 and 16 are held captive in a freely slidable manner. In this embodiment the tension line ler.gths 8 and 16 are each clnchored at both ends to the flexible member 4 and are ~ u~e~ -to the tension line guides 6 and 6a by, for e~ample, set screws (not shown) when the flexible member 4 has been de~lected to form an arch.
The spreauer bar 48 closest -to the first side portion 10 is at-tached thereto by an anchor s-tring cable 40 and each spreader bar 49 to 54 subsequently to the spreader bar 48 in the direction of the second side portion 12 is secured to the preceding spreader bar by one of the draw 10 string cables 62 to 67. The spreader bar 54 which is clo-sest to the second side portion 12 has a draw string cable 68 attached thereto which is threaded through the tube 23 of the tension line guide 6c and is attached to the means generally designated 18 for tensioning the first and second tension lines 8 and 16, which is preferably a ratchet ope-rated device.
; In operation the draw string cable 68 i5 ten-sioned to draw the spreader bars 48 to 54 from the position shown in Figure 9 to the position shown in Figures 10 and ~ -20 11 where further movement of the spreader bars is prevented by the anchor string cable 60 and the draw string cables 62 to 67. This movement of the spreader bars tensions the first and second tension lines 8 and 16 which causes the flexible member 4 to be deflected to the desired arch. The draw string cable 68 is then clamped in the tube 23 (Figure 3) by means of the set screw 24 or other locking device.
The lengths of the anchor string cable 60 and each draw string cable 62 to 67 are chosen bearing in mind that for good structural design:
i) they control the angles betw~en the fleY~ible member 4 when deflected and the spreader bars 49 to 54 which are preferably such that the spreader bars 49 to 54 extend 11~2~2~33 s~st~n~ y l-L~dially inwards from the curva-ture of the arch, and ii) preferably -the length of each dra~ string cable 62 to 67 equals the arcuate leng-th of the deflected portion of the flexible member 4 between the two spreader bars connected by -that draw string cahle. This may also determine the position along each spreader bar 49 to 54 that the left hand end of a draw string cable is connected thereto.
The embodiment shown in Figures 9 to 11 is par-ticularly suitable for use in large, demountable buildings, semi-permanent and permanent buildings and as formwork for reinforced concrete where curved formwork is required, e.g.
arches, domes and etc.
~ n Figures 12 and 13 similar parts to those shown in Figures 9 to 11 are designated by the same reference nu-; merals and the previous description is relied upon to des-cribe them.
In Figures 12 and 13 the spreader bars may be -20 actuated by anchor string cables as described witn referenceto Figures 9 to 11 or in the form of fluid pressure actuated jacks 70 to 73. When fluid pressure actuated jacks 70 to 73 are used, they are secured to the flexible member in such a manner that they remain normal thereto at all times.
.~nchor string cables are not necessary with fluid pressure actuated jacks 70 to 73 and the first and second tension line lèngths 8 and 15 are secured to the free ends thereof in a freely slidable manner. The tension line lengths 8 and 16 are each secured at both ends 74 and 76 to the fle-30 xible member 4. The ends 74 and 76 of the flexible member~ aLe provided wi-th angle supports 78 and 80 respectively which are pivotally attached to the flexible member 4 by release pins 82 and g4 respectively.
In operation the jacks 70 to 73 are actuated to cause the flexlble member 4 -to assume the arch without being ..
coupled to the angle supports 78 and 80. The angle supports 78 and 80 are placed upon supports 86 and 88 which the formed concrete 100 is to span and the flexible member 4 is coupled to the angle suppor-ts 78 and 80 by the pins 82 and 84 respec-tively. The concrete is then poured and allowed to harden to form the concrete 100.
The structure is then released from the concrete by first temporarily supporting the form, then removing the pins 82 and 84, and then actuating at least one of the jacks or increasing the curvature by any other means hence causing the ends 82 and 84 to move away from the concrete 100 and thus breaking the bond between the formwork and the concrete.
The form is then removed from underneath the concrete 100 for use elsewhere.
i~
In other embodiments of the present invention, where the width of the flexible member 4 permits it, one 20 pair of tension line lengths 8 and 16 extend along one diagonal path across the flexible member 4 while another pair of tension line lengths 8 and 16 extend along the other diagonal path across ~he flexible member 4, and the flexible member 4 can either be given an extra curvature in a width wise direction or be stiffened to avoid this at least along the edges.
In some embodiments of the present invention the first and second tension line lengths 8 and 16 comprise a single wire.strand of steel or another metal, a plastic : 30 filament or cord of, for example, superpolyamide.
Claims (6)
1. An arch forming assembly, comprising:
a) a substantially flat flexible member for ben-ding to the shape of the curved arch, b) a plurality of tension line guides attached to the flexible member at spaced intervals to a side of the fle-xible member which will define the inside of the arch so that tension line guides will be spaced therearound, c) a first tension line attached at one end to a first side portion of the flexible member and threaded through even number tension line guides only, counted from the said first side portion to a second side portion opposed thereto, and attached at the other end to the second side portion, d) a second tension line attached at one end to the first side portion 10 of the flexible member and threaded through odd number tension line guides only, counted from the said first side portion towards the said second side portion, and attached at the other end to the said second side portion, and e) means for tensioning the said first and second tension lines to bend the flexible member to the shape of the curved arch.
a) a substantially flat flexible member for ben-ding to the shape of the curved arch, b) a plurality of tension line guides attached to the flexible member at spaced intervals to a side of the fle-xible member which will define the inside of the arch so that tension line guides will be spaced therearound, c) a first tension line attached at one end to a first side portion of the flexible member and threaded through even number tension line guides only, counted from the said first side portion to a second side portion opposed thereto, and attached at the other end to the second side portion, d) a second tension line attached at one end to the first side portion 10 of the flexible member and threaded through odd number tension line guides only, counted from the said first side portion towards the said second side portion, and attached at the other end to the said second side portion, and e) means for tensioning the said first and second tension lines to bend the flexible member to the shape of the curved arch.
2. An assembly according to claim 1, wherein the said first and second tension lines comprise lengthwise portions of a continuous tension line that is looped through a tension line guide attached to the second side portion.
3. An assembly according to claim 1, wherein the means for tensioning the said first and second tension lines comprises a winch mechanism.
4. An assembly according to claim 1, wherein the means for tensioning the said first and second tension lines comprises spreader bars inserted at the positions of the intermediate tension line guides to deflect the one of the first and second tension lines not threaded through that particular tension line guide.
5. An assembly according to claim 1, wherein the means for tensioning the said first and second tension lines comprises spreader bars each pivotally attached at one end to one of the intermediate tension line guides and having the free one of the first and second tension lines held cap-tive at the other end in a freely slidable manner, an anchor string is secured at one end to the said first side portion of the flexible member and at the other end to a first of the spreader bars to prevent the first spreader bar from assuming other than a substantially radially inwardly ex-tending position when the flexible member is arched, draw strings securing each spreader bar from the first spreader bar to the preceding spreader bar to limit movement of that spreader bar to the said substantially radially inwardly ex-tending position, and a draw-string cable attaching the last of the spreader bars to the means for tensioning the said first and second tension lines, whereby the said means will tension the final draw-string cable to pull the spreader bars to the said radially inwardly extending positions thereby tensioning the first and second tension lines and arching the flexible member.
6. An assembly according to claim 1, wherein the said means for tensioning the first and second tension lines comprises fluid pressure actuated jacks at the positions of the intermediate tension line guides and extending normal to the flexible member with the free one of the first and second tension lines at that position secured to the free end of that jack in a freely slidable manner.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA301,939A CA1102083A (en) | 1978-04-25 | 1978-04-25 | Arch forming assembly |
| US06/146,358 US4325207A (en) | 1978-04-25 | 1980-05-02 | Arch forming assembly |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA301,939A CA1102083A (en) | 1978-04-25 | 1978-04-25 | Arch forming assembly |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1102083A true CA1102083A (en) | 1981-06-02 |
Family
ID=4111337
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA301,939A Expired CA1102083A (en) | 1978-04-25 | 1978-04-25 | Arch forming assembly |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1102083A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1988002800A1 (en) * | 1986-10-09 | 1988-04-21 | Donald Sydney Gould | Modular building |
| FR2672326A1 (en) * | 1991-02-05 | 1992-08-07 | Almeida Borges Carlos De | Device for the erecting of roofing formed by bent one-piece metal pans (troughs) and by pantographically deployed supports, and the resulting product |
| CN112681801A (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2021-04-20 | 成都南隋顿科技有限公司 | Equipment for assisting arched door construction |
| CN113389378A (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2021-09-14 | 中国建筑第八工程局有限公司 | Three-dimensional curved surface form construction method for indoor multi-curvature modeling building |
| CN115233831A (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2022-10-25 | 湖南建工集团有限公司 | Multi-point large-span space steel structure integral continuous lifting method with freely controlled deflection |
-
1978
- 1978-04-25 CA CA301,939A patent/CA1102083A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1988002800A1 (en) * | 1986-10-09 | 1988-04-21 | Donald Sydney Gould | Modular building |
| FR2672326A1 (en) * | 1991-02-05 | 1992-08-07 | Almeida Borges Carlos De | Device for the erecting of roofing formed by bent one-piece metal pans (troughs) and by pantographically deployed supports, and the resulting product |
| CN112681801A (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2021-04-20 | 成都南隋顿科技有限公司 | Equipment for assisting arched door construction |
| CN113389378A (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2021-09-14 | 中国建筑第八工程局有限公司 | Three-dimensional curved surface form construction method for indoor multi-curvature modeling building |
| CN115233831A (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2022-10-25 | 湖南建工集团有限公司 | Multi-point large-span space steel structure integral continuous lifting method with freely controlled deflection |
| CN115233831B (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2023-09-15 | 湖南建工集团有限公司 | Integral continuous lifting method for multi-point large-span space steel structure with freely controlled deflection |
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