CA1101176A - Method of treating fibrous materials - Google Patents
Method of treating fibrous materialsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1101176A CA1101176A CA289,874A CA289874A CA1101176A CA 1101176 A CA1101176 A CA 1101176A CA 289874 A CA289874 A CA 289874A CA 1101176 A CA1101176 A CA 1101176A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- level
- relative
- regain
- fibrous material
- treatment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
- D06B15/00—Removing liquids, gases or vapours from textile materials in association with treatment of the materials by liquids, gases or vapours
- D06B15/12—Removing liquids, gases or vapours from textile materials in association with treatment of the materials by liquids, gases or vapours up to the moisture regain of the textile material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B25/00—Packaging other articles presenting special problems
- B65B25/20—Packaging garments, e.g. socks, stockings, shirts
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M23/00—Treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, characterised by the process
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Vacuum Packaging (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
- Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Containers And Plastic Fillers For Packaging (AREA)
- Basic Packing Technique (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A method of treating fibrous material such as textile products, e.g. garments or the like, which may be compressible, so as to permit the product to have improved wrinkle resistance particularly when such products are vacuum packaged or otherwise, wrinkling would occur. The method involves treating the material to reduce the segment mobility level of the fibrous material to a point below that prior to treatment and to lower the relative regain level of the material. The method also involves lowering, for fibrous materials, regain levels of such materials to preferably below .27. In the methods, the segment mobility and regain levels are preferably stabilized under a stabilization step before packaging.
A method of treating fibrous material such as textile products, e.g. garments or the like, which may be compressible, so as to permit the product to have improved wrinkle resistance particularly when such products are vacuum packaged or otherwise, wrinkling would occur. The method involves treating the material to reduce the segment mobility level of the fibrous material to a point below that prior to treatment and to lower the relative regain level of the material. The method also involves lowering, for fibrous materials, regain levels of such materials to preferably below .27. In the methods, the segment mobility and regain levels are preferably stabilized under a stabilization step before packaging.
Description
This invention relates to conditioning materials for subsequent vacuum packaging.
In US Patent 3,961,458, June 8, 1977, entitled '~PRETREATMENT, PACKING, STORING AND FINISHING TREATMEN~ OF
TEXTILE MATERIAL PRODUCTS" I have taught a method relating to the pretreatment of various textile products. As disclosed, a major problem relating to the conventional attempts to wrap textile products in vacuum packages is that upon removing the product from the vacuum package~ it will tend tohave semi-perm~nent wrinkles which involves the use of subsequent steps torender the product suitable for consumer sale, particularly in the case of products such as garments. More specifically, it is well known to those skilled in this art that when garments are vacuum packaged~ the tendency of the garment to develop semi-permanent wrinkles set into the material of the garment is quite severe due to the wrinkling effect created by the vacuum packaging stepS.
My above US Patent discloses a process to treat garments or the like to reduce or eliminate the tendency of the packaged garment to wrinkle~ by exposing the garments to a treating atmosphere for extended periods of time e.g. three to seven days prior to packaging~ so as to bring the garments into moisture equilibrium with an atmosphere corresponding to air at a relative humidity of O - 30~ at a temperature of 25C.
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11~1176 For commercial purposes, it may be undesirable to treat garments or the like for up to seven days prior to packaging since this involves a large amount of energy requirements, storage space or conditioning areas, etc. - it would be more advantageous to provide a conditioning process wherein the products to be vacuum packaged are conditioned within a shorter length of time so that, ror example, upon their manufacture, they can be subjected to a conditioning step and immediately vacuum packaged without the necessity of utilizing lengthy conditioning times.
In accordance with this invention, it has been unexpectedly discovered that the conditioning time for fibrous materials, e.g. garments or, in general~ textile materials can be greatly reduced to a matter of hours so that lengthy conditioning periods can be reduced significantly or avoided. As a result of this~ garment or textile manufac-turers can now ùtilize the conditioning steps of this invention in conjunction with an in-line operation for vacuum packaging their products.
More particularly, in accordance with one aspect of this invention, there is provided a method of conditioning fibrous materials such as textile materials of natural or syn-thetic origin, for vacuum packaging, which significantly reduces the tendency of such materials to wrinkle or crease upon release of the material fro~ the vacuum packaging, ~y the steps Or reducing the segment mobility level of the fibers of the fibrous material to a level belo~ the segment mobility level of said fibers prior to said treatment and treating the material to reduce the relative moisture regain level of the fibers to a level below the relative moisture regain level of the material prior to said treatment.
In carrying out the method of the present invention, various embodiments may be employed to achieve the reduction in the level of segment mobility of the fibrous material and likewise to achieve a reduction in the level of the relative moisture regain of the fibers, as will be described herein-after in greater detail.
In greater detail of the process and ~pparatus of the present invention~ it has been found that the time required for conditioning textile materials, to reduce the suscepti-bility of the materials to wrinkle upon removal of the samefrom the vacuum package~ can be achieved by controlling the segment mobility of the fibers of the textile material, whether natural or synthetic and as well the relative regain level of said fibers prior to packaging of the sarne~ within a given parameter. Segment mobility of fibers, whether natural or synthetic, relates to the fiber molecules which are generally forcefully restrained by entanglement with other molecules, or ; by actual cross-linking between chains. However~ deformation is still possible because of co-operative motions of local segments. The segmental motions in fibers are generally facilitated becauss amorphous polymers are rather inefficiently ` placed together in a superfluous space (free volume) present in the form of holes in the order of 10 R diameter. These segments are set in motion when the fiber mass is supplied with heat and/or moisture and during a process of heating and/or treating any textile material with moisture, whereby the fibers gain moisture through absorption, the segment mobility of the fibers will achieve a given value before attaining a constant and relatively lower value. It is thus possible, in conjunction with the reduction in the level of the relative regain of the fibers, to shorten the length of ~1176 conditioning time as otherwise proposed where it is desirable to expedite packaging of textile goods such as on an in-line basis from a manufacturing operation, for vacuum packaging purposes. Thus~ with the present invention~ by controlling this segment mobility, and the relative regain, during the critical period of conditioning a fibrous material prior to packaging, within given parameters, the textile materials can be rapidly and efficiently conditioned for vacuum packaging without having to wait for lengthy periods of time of e.g.
several days.- In other words~ by controlling the segment mobility of the fibers during a conditioning process, together with the relative regain of the textile materials~ the materials may be conditioned to a point suitable for vacuum packaging in a relatively short period of time so that the susceptibility of the textile materials to crease or wrinkle is reduced significantly upon the textile materials being removed from a vacuum package. Thus, in accordance with this invention~ by controlling the segment mobility of the fibers of the textile materials in conjunction with the lowering of the moisture regain properties of the materials, shortened periods of conditioning may be achieved.
The term relative regain as used herein defines the amount of moisture regain of a fibrous material at a given relative humidity and is expressed as a value of the moisture regain of the same fibrous material at 99~ relative humidity. This may be shown as:
Relative (Moisture) Regain = Moisture Regain at a Given Relative ~umidity Moisture Regain at 99%
Relative Humidity 11C~11~6 In terms of this invention~ therelative regain should always be lower than the amount of relative regain of the material prior to the material being conditioned and such relati~e regain should be brought into a substantially stable level in combination with the substantially stable level of the segment mobility prior to vacuum packaging.
In accordance with a further embodiment of this invention, it has also been found that by lowering the relative regain of a fibrous materlal within certain parameters~
significant improvements in the fibrous material to resist wrinkling can also be achieved and to this end, more specifi-cally~ it has been found that if the relative regain level material is lowered by treatment in a gaseous environment below the relative regain level prior to treatment, and specifically to a level below about .32 one can achieve such benefits upon subsequent packaging, particularly vacuum packaging, of the commodity. This is quite unexpected in that heretofore, it has not been considered possible to obtain anti-wrinkling benefits by utilizing a relative regain below about .32. In this respecta most preferably the relative regain is brought to a level below about .27 and most desirable results have been found by utilizing relative regains below a factor of .22.
As outlined above, relative regain can be determined by the preceding equation; and moisture regain values for most fibrous products are known in the art and reference may be had to such standard information for determining the relative regain values for different materials which are to be employed in the method of the present invention.
~1~1176 The method of the presen~ invention is applicable to the treatment Or a wide range of fibrous materials, and i~
particular fibrous materials which are otherwise susceptible to wrinkling under conditions of packaging, storing or the like. The method finds particular application in the treatment of fibrous materials such as textile materials, e.g.
clothes (coats, jackets, suits, etc.), sheets, etc. Such articles may be of a compressible nature and the present, invention has man~ ad~antageous results with respect to O compressible fibrous articles - e.g. tex*ile products such as pillows, quilts, clothes or garments and with the method of the present inventionj recovery from severe packaging conditions while substantially avoiding wrinkling can be achieved~ It will be appreciated that there are many ot~er types of commodities to which the present invention is applicable.
The method of t~ present invention may be carried out using any suitable apparatus achieving or suitable for performing the steps. Thus, suitable enclosure means ) with air circulation fans may be provided with means being provided for introducing conditioni~g air. One particular form of such means comprises the apparatus shown in copending application Serial Number 289,869, in which the conditioning apparatus includes a tunnel with different treating zones, etc.
In addition, according to the above copending application, there may also be utilized in conjunction with the method of the present invention the vacuum packaging apparatus for vacuum packaging fibrous materials after treatmént.
1~1176 The type of packaging material employed for packaging treated products of thepresent invention may vary widely. Normally, the present invention may advantageously be used for the treatment and packaging of textile materials under vacuum. Howe~er~ in the event of certain types of products intended to be used shortly after being conditioned by the present method~ such products may be conventionally packaged in suitable packaging material and stored until use with improvements still being obtained in the property of the treated product. This would be applicable to products which are used shortly after manufacture, conditioning and storing.
In choosing a vacuum packaging material, and where storage times are contemplated~ it is Most desirable that such material be chosen so as to have a relatively low moisture ~apour transmissiGn rate to reduce moisture ingress into the vacuum packaged product which would otherwise deleteriously affect the product~ Various types of plas*ic laminates may be used for this purpose suitably sealed to prevent air and moisture ingress. Other materials which may also be used include metallic foil, e.g. aluminum roil, etc.
In general, the segment mobility level of the - fibrous material may be lo~ered in one of several ways -typically by treating the fibrous material with a gaseous atmosphere under conditions in which the atmosphere acts on the fibrous material to reduce the segment mobility level. To this end,.the atmosphere may contain relative h~idity conditions capable of reducing the segment mobility and/or in combination with temperature conditions may achieve similar results.~ Likewise, in reducing the relative regain level, the atmosphere may be varied by providing a gaseous environment of a type sufficient to cause the relative regain level to be lowered below a value of about.32.
Particularly preferred treatn~nt oonditions of the ~resent ~ invention involve exposing the fibrous material to be treated to a ; conditioning atm~sphere containing a temperature la,Jer than the initial ambient ten~ærature of the fibrous material to be treated, which l~.~er treating te~perature may be maintained throu~hout the conditionina of ~he f.ibrous rnaterial or alternately, which may be Aecreased incrementally or otherwise throu~hout the conditioning treatm,ent until such time as the se~ment mobility level has been l~red to a desired d~aree, or until such tLme as the se~nent mQbility level has been sta~ilized, and in a like manner, until such time as the relative regain level is la.~ered to the desired dearee or at least bela~ .32, preferably .22 and preferably to a substantially constant level, In this preferred procedure it may be desirable to initially treat the fibrous material using substantially elevated temperatures, that is, te~peratures .in excess of ~le te~perature at which the fibrous is subsequently subjected to for the purpose of initially reducin~ the relative re~ain at a f~ster _ g _ 17~
rate and correspondingly while increasing the segment mQbility during this initial phase, Ihus, one procedure contemplated by the present invention irlvolv~s two or mnre overall steps in ~ ich the initial step is a treabllent step to initially subject the fibrous ~aterial to la~er the relative regain, while increasing the sea~nt mobility and thereafter in one or more subsequent staaes of the initial treatrent to l~ier the seament mobility and corres~ondingly to stabilize the relative regain, follo~ed by a subsequent treat~ent to stabilize the segment mability of the fibrous material.
Still further, the fibrous material may be initially treated under substantially constant te~erature conditions, but with relatively lcw relative humidity conditions to progressively and incrementally decrease segment mcbility and relative regain levels of the material, while continuins such treatment until such time as such levels have been decreased belc~ the levels initially involved and preferably, until such time as both have been stabilized.
In same cases, and for various types of fibrous textile n~aterials, such as unc~erclothes, fa oe cloths, etc., vacuum packaaing may be carried on at a point prior to complete stabilization of the segment mobility level of the material where such products need not be totally free of wrinkles for the sake of ap~earance. In this case, one may dhoose packagina, conditions in which the product to be packaged has been oonditioned to a point prior to segment mability stabilization - and preferably with relative re~,ain sta~ilization occurring at that point. ~lawever, for m2st fibrous materials such as suits or other like products, packagina should occur after the relative regain stabilization ~nd se~ent m~ility stabilization have set in - with a packaging operation, such as vacuum packagina, occurrina at such levels and while such garments are maintained at such levels.
In particularly preferred embodiments of t,he present invention, the fibrous m2terials are subjected to a conditioning at~sphere, llQ1176 preferably air, at relative humidities ranging fro~ 0% to 48%
and at te~eratures ranging from about 0C. to a~out 42C., with r,lo~e preferred conditions involving 0% to 40% relative hv~idity at tem~eratures ranaing from about 0C. to about 35C.
Such ranges of te~Feature and relative humidity oonditions for the treating atmosphere are aDplicable to a wide variety of products rangina frn textile pro~ucts ~hich are of a syn'hetic or natural fiber construction to other products such as paper - e~g. wall pa~ers, writing paper, etc. Particularly ~referred temperatures and hvmidities for textile products such as clothing, gloves, etc., involve o&.
to 35& ., and relative humidities of 20% or less for the conditioning atmosphel-e, Many textile products ~y be packaged at even l~er relative humidity to expedite the relative regain stabilization or to a~lieve a relative regain value below .27, at e.g. 15 - 10%
or less.
For various products such as textile materials, e.g. suits, coats, etc., two or more stages n~y be e~Dloyed - i.e. the materials may be subjected to two or more ccnditioning steps one of ~ich is a treatment step and the other of which is a sta~ilization step.
S'Labilization temperature conditions are preferably relatively 1~, e.g. 25C. or less and under relatively 1~ relative humidity, e.g.
20% or less, while at the initial treatment stage, the pre~iously described ranges will apply, It will be understood by those skilled in this art that the ~temperature and relative humidity conditions will va~y depending on ; the nature of the material, the thi~kness of the fibrous material, the fiber type, etc.
Ihe volume of c~nditioning air used to treat the garments will likewise vary considerably dependina on the m~keup of the fibrous material, etc., as described herein. Normally, h~;ev2r, the fibrous rnaterial is treated with conditioning air in a volu~e sufficient to substantially ~,aintain the c~nditioning air characteristics as close as pessible to the ambient conditioning air characteristics at the surface of the fibrous material. In this way, the fibrous materials may be more efficiently treated as opposed to lc~ier volumes whicn .iould cause non-conditioning air characteristics to occur adjacent the fibrous materials.
ID this end, the conditioning environment is preferably passed in a moving stream relative to the fibrous materials or alternately, the fibrous materials are ~assed in a direction of movement relative to the conditioning environ~lent sufficient to cause the conditionina enviror~nt to maintain the conditioning effect adjacent the surface of the fibrous material.
Using the above cc~ditions, the fibrous materials may be treated under normal eircum,tances to adlieve a constant seo~_nt mobility stabilization and a constant relative regain stabilization in a period of 5 hours or lessr typically 2 or 3 hours. T~xtile materials sueh as ooats, etc., r-~ay be treated within 1 hour to arrive at stabilized segment mobility and relative regain levels.
~lost preferably, in employing treatment oonclitions in ~lich the seyment mobility level is lc~ered by a first treating atmosphere involving one or more staa,es, and/or the relative regain is la~ered bela~
its initial level, in said one or more staoes, and T~11ere such treating ; staae is follc~ed by a stabilization step ~ith one or rnore staaes, the stabilization step is preferably carried out for a period of tL~e ranging frem .1 : 1 ~o about 1 : .1 of the ti~e involved in the txeating step. Desirc~bly~ this is ~7ithin the ran~e of .5 : 1 to about 1 : .5. Under such conditic~s,~ the stabilizing atmosnhere is preferably at 0 - 20C7 and a relative humidity of 0 - lS~.
" 11~31:176 Having thus generally described the invention, rèference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, in which:
EIGURE 1 shows a graph of results of experiments carried out at different temperatures and relative humidity for a cotton fabric relating to the removal of moisture under such conditions.
~ IGURE 2 is a similar graph to that of Figure 1 but showing the removal of moisture relative to a Nylon fabric.
~ IGURE 3 is a graph similar to Fi~ure 1 showing simi-O lar results relative to a wool fabric.
FIGURE 4 is a graph illustrating the decrease in moisture regain values relative to a conditioning time factor for the material of ~igure 1.
FIGURE 5 is a graph similar to that `of Figure 4, but relating to the nylon material of Figure`2.
FIGURE 6, located on the page containing Figures 1 and 2, is a graph similar to that of Figure 4 but with reference to the wool material of Figure 3. ~ -FIGURE 7 is a graph relating to the wrinkling results relative to conditioning time showing the segment mobility stabilization curves of various materials under certain treat-ment conditions.~
F~GURE 8 is a graph similar tb Figure 7 showing similar results but under different treatment conditions.
FIGURE 9 is a graph showing the segment mobility curves for various temperatures and relative regain curves for such temperatures, under given conditioning parameters.
1~C11~76 In all of the following tests, temperature measure-ments are expressed in degrees Centigrade with the standard deviation being plus or minus 2C.
Referring now to Figures 1 through 3, the graphs illustrate the results of experiments relating to various types of synthetic and natural fibrous materials and more specifically, cotton, nylon and wool materials, respectively.
Each of these materials was treated under conditions specified hereinafter by employing samples which were initially tested for initial moisture regain, and then conditioned under the treatments subscribed hereinafter. Each of these graphs thus illustrates~ in summary, that various temperatures will remove varying amounts of moisture from the products and will achieve stabilized moisture content after varying times.
More specifically, with respect to Figure 1~
summarizing results of several tests, the following procedures were employed:
~` Samples of 100~ pure cotton fabric were employed in ; which the samples were measured to obtain, at the onset of the tests~ 85~ relative humidity which corresponds to an initial regain factor of 9.1~. Such samp]es were exposed to a flow of conditioning air at 28C-and 11~ relative humidity and a second group of the same samples at 35C and 11~ relative humidity. Conditioning air treatment was carried out for periods up to 120 minutes with intermittent measurements of decrease in the weight percentage of the cotton fabric at various periods of time through the tests. As will be seen from ~igure 1~ the samples treated at 28QC and 11 relative humidity shown by the curve A became substantially stabilized at about 90 minutes, while the samples treated at -35 C shown by the curve B stabilized somewhat earlier -approximately 75 minutes, under the same relative humidity.
Increasing temperatureS, at the same relative humidity) with thus be seen to decrease the absorbed water of the samples at an earlier point in time.
Similar results are obtained with reference to ~igure 2 which illustrates the results of tests using substantially identical conditions to Eigure l, but in this case with pure nylon fabric as having an initial relative humidity of 85~, and an initial regai~ of 5.5%. In this case, reference letter C designates the curve for mateJial treated at 28 C and reference leter D material treated at 35C~ with the material being treated at the higher temperature becoming stabilized relative to the decreased amount of moisture at approximately 40 to 45 minutes and that treated at a lower temperature became stabilized slightly above 90 minùtes.
In Figure 3, similar tests (using 100% pure wool fabric) under similar conditions were carried out, as illustrat-ed with respect to the results shown in ~igure l. ~eference letter E illustrates the results obtained at 28C under 11 relative humidity and reference letter ~ the results of similar relative humidity at 35C. Stabilization for the various samples of both the hi~her and lower temperatures was in excess of 120 minutes, with the samples having an initial regain of 15.9~ corresponding to an lnitial weight measurement at 85~ relative humidity.
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Figure 4 illustrates the summary o~ltests relating to the factor for achieving moisture regain stabilization with respect to the samples shown in Figure 1. Thus, with t~ initial regain measurements of the materials_used in Figure 1, which was 9.1% the moisture regain values for the materials of Figure 1 over the test ranges show sta~ilization beginning shortly after 30 minutes of treatment and subsequently .
stabilizing at 50 to 60 minutes for the measurements of samples indicated by reference letter B under the temperatures and conditions illustrated with respect to Figure 1. In a similar vein, the samples shown by the curve A of Figure4 indicates stabilization beginning ~t approximately 90 minutes -with the moisture regain measurement of those samples treated with a lower temperature.
In figure 5~ moisture regain curves for the samples Or Figure 2 are shown and again~ indicated by reference letters C and D (for nylon) show the moisture regain stabilization under such conditions as were employed in treating the samples of Figure 2~ to involve stabilization for the moisture regain values,~for the materials shown by the curve of reference letter C, with stabilization being at approximately 90 minutes and for the curve D at approxin~ately 40 - 45 minutes.
Likewise, the stabilization of moisture regain for the material shown in Figure 3, and as illustrated in Figure 6, for the curve E lllustrates that a higher temperature treated material will stabilize in excess of 120 minutes, as will the material treated at the lower temperature which will:likewise stabilize in excess of-120 minutes, due to the nature o~ the material and the initial moisture conten$ of the product.
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From the above, it will be noted that moisture regain reduction will stabilize for varying materials at varying times, with stabilization being shown by a substan-tially constant measurement, which in turn, will yield a substantially constant relative regain value in all cases below about .32 in terms oP the equation previously expressed in this case.
Referring now to Figure 7~ there is illustrated a graph summarizing the results of tests carried out to determine the propensity of various types of materials to wrinkling~ which tests simulate the results of wrinkling as encountered in packaging, particularly vacuum packaging, of various types of commodities made from different types of natural and synthetic materials.
The results of the tests illustrated in Figure 7 were based on test procedures involving samples of the materials indicated. The samples were treated initially in air at 85~ relative humidity until moisture regain equilibrium at that humidity was obtained. Each of the samples were then humidified for different periods of time ranging from 0 to 180 minutes with the samples being in an undeformed state. In Figure 7, conditioning of the samples using atmos-pheric air was carried out with the atmospheric conditions involving~ for the results shown in Figure 7, 40~ relative humidity and 35 C with a constant flow rate of atmospheric air at 15 litersper minute. At intervals of ~, 10, 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes, the samples were tested by loading the respective samples in a conic wrinkling tester for a period of 10 minutes using a load oP 2 kg. Thereafter, the .
11~1176 wrinkled samples were permitted to recover in atmospheric air at 65~o relative humidity and 20Ca with wrinkle height (wrinkle recovery) then being measured using a load of 5 grams after 5 - 15 minute recovery pe~ods.
The results of the above tests for the different time periods are plotted in the form of the curve shown in Figure 7 and illustrate those conditions approximating treatment of the samples to illustrate the wrinkle factor such as would be encountered in vacuum packaging at various levels of segment mobilities of the fibers of the fibrous materials involved. Thus, from Figure 7, the state of~ or level of~ segment mobility of the different materials will be evident.
The materials involved in the tests shown by the curve of ~igure 7 included 100~ nylon, the results of which are shown by the curve of reference letter G;
100~ cotton the results of which are shown by the curve of reference letter H, a blend of nylon and polyester fibers the results of which are shown by the curve indicated by reference letter I, pure wool the results of which are shown by the curve designated by reference letter J, a mixture of wool and polyester fibers the results of.
which are shown by the curve designated by reference letter K and finally 100~ polyester the results of which are shown by the curve defined by reference letter ~.
~ igure 7 also illustrates~ on the horizontal axis~
the results of extended periods of testing showing the point at which the segment mobility levels in the different mate~als have been stabilized.
As will be seen from the results shown on ~igure 7, segment mobility stabilization indicated by an absence of wrinkling under the test conditions can be achieved in a relatively short period of time. However~ under the conditions specified using conditioning air at 35C with 40~
relative humidity~ segment mobility stabilization for materials such as cotton, cotton mixtures and nylon were longer.
By varying the treatment conditions, according to a further set of experiments~ segment mobility stabilization can be achieved at a greater rate. To this end~ the results shown in Figure 8 are the results of tests carried out on substantially identical samples to those used with respect to the experiments of Figure 7 but in this case, the conditioning atmosphere involved treatment using 15 liters of conditioning atmosphere per minute having a relative humidity o~ 10~ and again at 35C starting with the samples having an initial relative humidity in equilibrium with air at ~5~ relative humidity and 20C.
Similar letter designations, shown by the correspond-ing letters ~'~ H', etc., in Figure 8 ~ndicate similar materials to those of Figure 7 and in this cas~ it will be seen that the segment mobility levels of various materials initially climbed or were increased prior to decreasing along their respective curves. Se~ment mobility for wool, 11011~76 polyester, wool-polyester and nylon became substantially stabilized in relatively short periods of time indicating that the segment mobility had become stable at which time the products of these materials could be vacuum packaged without semi-permanent wrinkling being set into the mate~al.
The results of numerous other similar tests9 similar to those shown in Figure 7 and 8 have illustrated that for varying conditioning atmospheres, segment mobility stabilization can be achieved but that until such time as segment mobility stabilization is achieved, products packaged (as summarized by the conic testing methods~ -would have semi-permanent deformations therein which of course- is totally undesirable. From such tests~ segment mobility stabilization for the materials of Figures 7 and 8 can be seen to form stabilized conditions by varying the treating temperature and in general, earlier segment mobility stabilization can be achieved by initially utilizing condition-ing temperatures which initially lower the relative regain values of the samples to a substantially stabilized level whereafter the conditioning atmosphere utilizing lower temperatures to provide stabilized segment mobility will result in combined stabilized relative regain levels and stabilized segment mobility levels.
This is illustrated in greater detail in ~igure 9 which clearly shows the combined results of relative regain and segment mobility factors relative to the propensity to wrinkle. In Figure 9~ curve W illustrates the use of initial conditioning temperatures at 35C on samples of fibrous material~ curve X the use of conditioning air at 30C
3o on samples of the same material and curve Y the results of the use of conditioning atmosphere at 25 C and in which the llQ1176 initial samples being treated by the conditioning air contaln 65~ relative humidity at 20C. Correspondingly, the relative regain curves illustrate, under similar conditions to those described above, the relative regain for the temperature curves W, X and Y, but in this case, the respective relative regain curves are designed by W' 9 X' and Y'. With respect to the samples having the above initial conditions (65~ relative humidity), those treated with conditioning atmosphere having a 35C
temperature measurement and a nominal 30% relative humidity (curve W) show an increased segment mobility in the fibrous material after initially being treated by the conditioning atmosphere and a subsequent decrease until a substantially stabilized segment mobility is obtained which is at a level below the segment mobility level of the material prior to treatment. Correspondingly~ the relative r~gain, curve W' shows an initial significant decrease, as shown by the earlier figures and thereafter achieves a substantially stabilized condition in advance of the segment mobility stabilization.
At the point where the relative regain and the segmen* mobility levels of the fibrous mate~ial are substantially constant, the ; fibrous material may be packaged by e.g. vacuum packaging without suffering any deleterious effects.
Similar results are shown by the curves X and X~
wllich at lower conditioning temperatures and similar nominal ; relative humidity values~ indicated a lower rise in segment mobility with a shorter period of time before segment mobility stabllization was achieved, but conversely, slightly longer times were required for relative regain stabilization.
llQ1176 In this latter case, however, relative regain stabilization was still achieved prior to segment mobility stabilization, and again both the relati~e regain and segment mobility stabilization levels using the conditioning atmosphere were at a point below the original level of the materials being treated.
Curves Y and Y' show similar results and at lower temperaturesj but lower initial segment mobility increases are encountered but with greater relative regain times involved prior to stabilization for relative regain.
In all of the above cases, once stabilization of segment mobility ~ad been achieved and with relative regain stabilization, conditioning was carried on using conditioning air under subst-ntially constant conditions -e.g. 20 C and 10~ relative humidity~ to maintain stabilization. At this point, garments or the like of such materials can be safely vacuum packaged without detrimental wrinkling being permanently or semi-permanently set in the material.
With reference to the above e~amples conical ; wrinkling is ~nown in the art and reference may be had to Wrinkle Recovery Properties of Cotton Fabrics at Chainging Moisture and Temperature Conditions", SIRTEC9 Symposium International de la ~echerche Textile Cotonniere, Paris~ April 22 - 25~ 1969 for the procedures involved.
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llall76 The following example illustrates one embodiment of the method of the present invention, in which the method utilized different conditioning air environments.
This example was carried out using the ap~atus of the above-mentioned copending application, and in the treatment zone of such apparatus, condit~ning air was provided ranging from 30C to 20C and containing 30 - 15~ relative humidity while in the stabilization zone, conditioning air was introduced ranging from 20 C - 15C and 12 - 5~ relative humidity.
Numerous tests have been carried out under such conditions using various types of fibrous materials - e.g.
textile products in the form of garments, pillows, and the like.
In one such test, men's suits of lO0~ wool wer0 introduced into the apparatus, with the ambient atmospheric conditions being at that point approximately 30 C and 60~
relative humidity. The garments were initially treated with conditioning air using such air at the rate of 400 liters/-second. In the stabilization zone, conditioning air wasintroduced at the rate of 200 liters/second. Air temperatures in the initial portion of the treatment zone were approximately 30C decreasing to approximately 20 - 15C and with the air in the stabilization zone being maintained at a constant 15 - 20C.
The garments were treated in the treatment zone ; until such time as the segment mobility of the wool material was substantially stabilized and likewise the relative regain come to a substantially stable level. Thereafter~ the garments -were maintained in such stabilized condition for approximately 30 minutes with a total conditioning time being approximately 60 minutes.
In the method, after continuous running, condition-ing air was introduced using a mixture of ambient air and treated air so that the mixture obtained was one in which the relative humidity varied from approximately 30~ at the initial stage of the treatment zone to approximately 15~ at the end of the treating zone while in the stabilization zone the relative humidity was maintained at a constant 10~.
The apparatus employed according to the copending application had the following characteristics: the length of the treatment zone was approximately 10 meters with the height of the whole system being approximately 2 meters and having a width of approximately 80 centimeters. The stabilization zone had a length of approximately 10 meters and air was removed at a constant volume of approximately 480 liters per second (with a total of 1200 cubic meters per hour being removed from both zones).
Upon exiting from -the stabilization zone~ the garments were tested and found to contain a relative regain ~of below .22.
- 24 _ The garments were subsequently wrapped and vacuum packaged using the apparatus described in the copending application~ The volume of such garments was reduced under vacuum packaging to about 1/3 to 1/2.
They were thereafter stored for one week and the vacuum packaging removed. The garments were tested to determine the wrinkle characteristics and such garments were found to be substantially free from wrinkles by employing the method of this invention.
If desired, following removal of the vacuum packaging and in order to expedite recovery of the garments from this compressed state to their normal original condition, the product may be re-conditioned by exposing the same to relative humidities of 50~ or greater and temperature conditions of 25 p 45C. However these relative humidities and temperature conditions will vary depending on the type of product, the nature cf the fibrous materials~ etc.
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In US Patent 3,961,458, June 8, 1977, entitled '~PRETREATMENT, PACKING, STORING AND FINISHING TREATMEN~ OF
TEXTILE MATERIAL PRODUCTS" I have taught a method relating to the pretreatment of various textile products. As disclosed, a major problem relating to the conventional attempts to wrap textile products in vacuum packages is that upon removing the product from the vacuum package~ it will tend tohave semi-perm~nent wrinkles which involves the use of subsequent steps torender the product suitable for consumer sale, particularly in the case of products such as garments. More specifically, it is well known to those skilled in this art that when garments are vacuum packaged~ the tendency of the garment to develop semi-permanent wrinkles set into the material of the garment is quite severe due to the wrinkling effect created by the vacuum packaging stepS.
My above US Patent discloses a process to treat garments or the like to reduce or eliminate the tendency of the packaged garment to wrinkle~ by exposing the garments to a treating atmosphere for extended periods of time e.g. three to seven days prior to packaging~ so as to bring the garments into moisture equilibrium with an atmosphere corresponding to air at a relative humidity of O - 30~ at a temperature of 25C.
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~ - 2 -~ .
11~1176 For commercial purposes, it may be undesirable to treat garments or the like for up to seven days prior to packaging since this involves a large amount of energy requirements, storage space or conditioning areas, etc. - it would be more advantageous to provide a conditioning process wherein the products to be vacuum packaged are conditioned within a shorter length of time so that, ror example, upon their manufacture, they can be subjected to a conditioning step and immediately vacuum packaged without the necessity of utilizing lengthy conditioning times.
In accordance with this invention, it has been unexpectedly discovered that the conditioning time for fibrous materials, e.g. garments or, in general~ textile materials can be greatly reduced to a matter of hours so that lengthy conditioning periods can be reduced significantly or avoided. As a result of this~ garment or textile manufac-turers can now ùtilize the conditioning steps of this invention in conjunction with an in-line operation for vacuum packaging their products.
More particularly, in accordance with one aspect of this invention, there is provided a method of conditioning fibrous materials such as textile materials of natural or syn-thetic origin, for vacuum packaging, which significantly reduces the tendency of such materials to wrinkle or crease upon release of the material fro~ the vacuum packaging, ~y the steps Or reducing the segment mobility level of the fibers of the fibrous material to a level belo~ the segment mobility level of said fibers prior to said treatment and treating the material to reduce the relative moisture regain level of the fibers to a level below the relative moisture regain level of the material prior to said treatment.
In carrying out the method of the present invention, various embodiments may be employed to achieve the reduction in the level of segment mobility of the fibrous material and likewise to achieve a reduction in the level of the relative moisture regain of the fibers, as will be described herein-after in greater detail.
In greater detail of the process and ~pparatus of the present invention~ it has been found that the time required for conditioning textile materials, to reduce the suscepti-bility of the materials to wrinkle upon removal of the samefrom the vacuum package~ can be achieved by controlling the segment mobility of the fibers of the textile material, whether natural or synthetic and as well the relative regain level of said fibers prior to packaging of the sarne~ within a given parameter. Segment mobility of fibers, whether natural or synthetic, relates to the fiber molecules which are generally forcefully restrained by entanglement with other molecules, or ; by actual cross-linking between chains. However~ deformation is still possible because of co-operative motions of local segments. The segmental motions in fibers are generally facilitated becauss amorphous polymers are rather inefficiently ` placed together in a superfluous space (free volume) present in the form of holes in the order of 10 R diameter. These segments are set in motion when the fiber mass is supplied with heat and/or moisture and during a process of heating and/or treating any textile material with moisture, whereby the fibers gain moisture through absorption, the segment mobility of the fibers will achieve a given value before attaining a constant and relatively lower value. It is thus possible, in conjunction with the reduction in the level of the relative regain of the fibers, to shorten the length of ~1176 conditioning time as otherwise proposed where it is desirable to expedite packaging of textile goods such as on an in-line basis from a manufacturing operation, for vacuum packaging purposes. Thus~ with the present invention~ by controlling this segment mobility, and the relative regain, during the critical period of conditioning a fibrous material prior to packaging, within given parameters, the textile materials can be rapidly and efficiently conditioned for vacuum packaging without having to wait for lengthy periods of time of e.g.
several days.- In other words~ by controlling the segment mobility of the fibers during a conditioning process, together with the relative regain of the textile materials~ the materials may be conditioned to a point suitable for vacuum packaging in a relatively short period of time so that the susceptibility of the textile materials to crease or wrinkle is reduced significantly upon the textile materials being removed from a vacuum package. Thus, in accordance with this invention~ by controlling the segment mobility of the fibers of the textile materials in conjunction with the lowering of the moisture regain properties of the materials, shortened periods of conditioning may be achieved.
The term relative regain as used herein defines the amount of moisture regain of a fibrous material at a given relative humidity and is expressed as a value of the moisture regain of the same fibrous material at 99~ relative humidity. This may be shown as:
Relative (Moisture) Regain = Moisture Regain at a Given Relative ~umidity Moisture Regain at 99%
Relative Humidity 11C~11~6 In terms of this invention~ therelative regain should always be lower than the amount of relative regain of the material prior to the material being conditioned and such relati~e regain should be brought into a substantially stable level in combination with the substantially stable level of the segment mobility prior to vacuum packaging.
In accordance with a further embodiment of this invention, it has also been found that by lowering the relative regain of a fibrous materlal within certain parameters~
significant improvements in the fibrous material to resist wrinkling can also be achieved and to this end, more specifi-cally~ it has been found that if the relative regain level material is lowered by treatment in a gaseous environment below the relative regain level prior to treatment, and specifically to a level below about .32 one can achieve such benefits upon subsequent packaging, particularly vacuum packaging, of the commodity. This is quite unexpected in that heretofore, it has not been considered possible to obtain anti-wrinkling benefits by utilizing a relative regain below about .32. In this respecta most preferably the relative regain is brought to a level below about .27 and most desirable results have been found by utilizing relative regains below a factor of .22.
As outlined above, relative regain can be determined by the preceding equation; and moisture regain values for most fibrous products are known in the art and reference may be had to such standard information for determining the relative regain values for different materials which are to be employed in the method of the present invention.
~1~1176 The method of the presen~ invention is applicable to the treatment Or a wide range of fibrous materials, and i~
particular fibrous materials which are otherwise susceptible to wrinkling under conditions of packaging, storing or the like. The method finds particular application in the treatment of fibrous materials such as textile materials, e.g.
clothes (coats, jackets, suits, etc.), sheets, etc. Such articles may be of a compressible nature and the present, invention has man~ ad~antageous results with respect to O compressible fibrous articles - e.g. tex*ile products such as pillows, quilts, clothes or garments and with the method of the present inventionj recovery from severe packaging conditions while substantially avoiding wrinkling can be achieved~ It will be appreciated that there are many ot~er types of commodities to which the present invention is applicable.
The method of t~ present invention may be carried out using any suitable apparatus achieving or suitable for performing the steps. Thus, suitable enclosure means ) with air circulation fans may be provided with means being provided for introducing conditioni~g air. One particular form of such means comprises the apparatus shown in copending application Serial Number 289,869, in which the conditioning apparatus includes a tunnel with different treating zones, etc.
In addition, according to the above copending application, there may also be utilized in conjunction with the method of the present invention the vacuum packaging apparatus for vacuum packaging fibrous materials after treatmént.
1~1176 The type of packaging material employed for packaging treated products of thepresent invention may vary widely. Normally, the present invention may advantageously be used for the treatment and packaging of textile materials under vacuum. Howe~er~ in the event of certain types of products intended to be used shortly after being conditioned by the present method~ such products may be conventionally packaged in suitable packaging material and stored until use with improvements still being obtained in the property of the treated product. This would be applicable to products which are used shortly after manufacture, conditioning and storing.
In choosing a vacuum packaging material, and where storage times are contemplated~ it is Most desirable that such material be chosen so as to have a relatively low moisture ~apour transmissiGn rate to reduce moisture ingress into the vacuum packaged product which would otherwise deleteriously affect the product~ Various types of plas*ic laminates may be used for this purpose suitably sealed to prevent air and moisture ingress. Other materials which may also be used include metallic foil, e.g. aluminum roil, etc.
In general, the segment mobility level of the - fibrous material may be lo~ered in one of several ways -typically by treating the fibrous material with a gaseous atmosphere under conditions in which the atmosphere acts on the fibrous material to reduce the segment mobility level. To this end,.the atmosphere may contain relative h~idity conditions capable of reducing the segment mobility and/or in combination with temperature conditions may achieve similar results.~ Likewise, in reducing the relative regain level, the atmosphere may be varied by providing a gaseous environment of a type sufficient to cause the relative regain level to be lowered below a value of about.32.
Particularly preferred treatn~nt oonditions of the ~resent ~ invention involve exposing the fibrous material to be treated to a ; conditioning atm~sphere containing a temperature la,Jer than the initial ambient ten~ærature of the fibrous material to be treated, which l~.~er treating te~perature may be maintained throu~hout the conditionina of ~he f.ibrous rnaterial or alternately, which may be Aecreased incrementally or otherwise throu~hout the conditioning treatm,ent until such time as the se~ment mobility level has been l~red to a desired d~aree, or until such tLme as the se~nent mQbility level has been sta~ilized, and in a like manner, until such time as the relative regain level is la.~ered to the desired dearee or at least bela~ .32, preferably .22 and preferably to a substantially constant level, In this preferred procedure it may be desirable to initially treat the fibrous material using substantially elevated temperatures, that is, te~peratures .in excess of ~le te~perature at which the fibrous is subsequently subjected to for the purpose of initially reducin~ the relative re~ain at a f~ster _ g _ 17~
rate and correspondingly while increasing the segment mQbility during this initial phase, Ihus, one procedure contemplated by the present invention irlvolv~s two or mnre overall steps in ~ ich the initial step is a treabllent step to initially subject the fibrous ~aterial to la~er the relative regain, while increasing the sea~nt mobility and thereafter in one or more subsequent staaes of the initial treatrent to l~ier the seament mobility and corres~ondingly to stabilize the relative regain, follo~ed by a subsequent treat~ent to stabilize the segment mability of the fibrous material.
Still further, the fibrous material may be initially treated under substantially constant te~erature conditions, but with relatively lcw relative humidity conditions to progressively and incrementally decrease segment mcbility and relative regain levels of the material, while continuins such treatment until such time as such levels have been decreased belc~ the levels initially involved and preferably, until such time as both have been stabilized.
In same cases, and for various types of fibrous textile n~aterials, such as unc~erclothes, fa oe cloths, etc., vacuum packaaing may be carried on at a point prior to complete stabilization of the segment mobility level of the material where such products need not be totally free of wrinkles for the sake of ap~earance. In this case, one may dhoose packagina, conditions in which the product to be packaged has been oonditioned to a point prior to segment mability stabilization - and preferably with relative re~,ain sta~ilization occurring at that point. ~lawever, for m2st fibrous materials such as suits or other like products, packagina should occur after the relative regain stabilization ~nd se~ent m~ility stabilization have set in - with a packaging operation, such as vacuum packagina, occurrina at such levels and while such garments are maintained at such levels.
In particularly preferred embodiments of t,he present invention, the fibrous m2terials are subjected to a conditioning at~sphere, llQ1176 preferably air, at relative humidities ranging fro~ 0% to 48%
and at te~eratures ranging from about 0C. to a~out 42C., with r,lo~e preferred conditions involving 0% to 40% relative hv~idity at tem~eratures ranaing from about 0C. to about 35C.
Such ranges of te~Feature and relative humidity oonditions for the treating atmosphere are aDplicable to a wide variety of products rangina frn textile pro~ucts ~hich are of a syn'hetic or natural fiber construction to other products such as paper - e~g. wall pa~ers, writing paper, etc. Particularly ~referred temperatures and hvmidities for textile products such as clothing, gloves, etc., involve o&.
to 35& ., and relative humidities of 20% or less for the conditioning atmosphel-e, Many textile products ~y be packaged at even l~er relative humidity to expedite the relative regain stabilization or to a~lieve a relative regain value below .27, at e.g. 15 - 10%
or less.
For various products such as textile materials, e.g. suits, coats, etc., two or more stages n~y be e~Dloyed - i.e. the materials may be subjected to two or more ccnditioning steps one of ~ich is a treatment step and the other of which is a sta~ilization step.
S'Labilization temperature conditions are preferably relatively 1~, e.g. 25C. or less and under relatively 1~ relative humidity, e.g.
20% or less, while at the initial treatment stage, the pre~iously described ranges will apply, It will be understood by those skilled in this art that the ~temperature and relative humidity conditions will va~y depending on ; the nature of the material, the thi~kness of the fibrous material, the fiber type, etc.
Ihe volume of c~nditioning air used to treat the garments will likewise vary considerably dependina on the m~keup of the fibrous material, etc., as described herein. Normally, h~;ev2r, the fibrous rnaterial is treated with conditioning air in a volu~e sufficient to substantially ~,aintain the c~nditioning air characteristics as close as pessible to the ambient conditioning air characteristics at the surface of the fibrous material. In this way, the fibrous materials may be more efficiently treated as opposed to lc~ier volumes whicn .iould cause non-conditioning air characteristics to occur adjacent the fibrous materials.
ID this end, the conditioning environment is preferably passed in a moving stream relative to the fibrous materials or alternately, the fibrous materials are ~assed in a direction of movement relative to the conditioning environ~lent sufficient to cause the conditionina enviror~nt to maintain the conditioning effect adjacent the surface of the fibrous material.
Using the above cc~ditions, the fibrous materials may be treated under normal eircum,tances to adlieve a constant seo~_nt mobility stabilization and a constant relative regain stabilization in a period of 5 hours or lessr typically 2 or 3 hours. T~xtile materials sueh as ooats, etc., r-~ay be treated within 1 hour to arrive at stabilized segment mobility and relative regain levels.
~lost preferably, in employing treatment oonclitions in ~lich the seyment mobility level is lc~ered by a first treating atmosphere involving one or more staa,es, and/or the relative regain is la~ered bela~
its initial level, in said one or more staoes, and T~11ere such treating ; staae is follc~ed by a stabilization step ~ith one or rnore staaes, the stabilization step is preferably carried out for a period of tL~e ranging frem .1 : 1 ~o about 1 : .1 of the ti~e involved in the txeating step. Desirc~bly~ this is ~7ithin the ran~e of .5 : 1 to about 1 : .5. Under such conditic~s,~ the stabilizing atmosnhere is preferably at 0 - 20C7 and a relative humidity of 0 - lS~.
" 11~31:176 Having thus generally described the invention, rèference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, in which:
EIGURE 1 shows a graph of results of experiments carried out at different temperatures and relative humidity for a cotton fabric relating to the removal of moisture under such conditions.
~ IGURE 2 is a similar graph to that of Figure 1 but showing the removal of moisture relative to a Nylon fabric.
~ IGURE 3 is a graph similar to Fi~ure 1 showing simi-O lar results relative to a wool fabric.
FIGURE 4 is a graph illustrating the decrease in moisture regain values relative to a conditioning time factor for the material of ~igure 1.
FIGURE 5 is a graph similar to that `of Figure 4, but relating to the nylon material of Figure`2.
FIGURE 6, located on the page containing Figures 1 and 2, is a graph similar to that of Figure 4 but with reference to the wool material of Figure 3. ~ -FIGURE 7 is a graph relating to the wrinkling results relative to conditioning time showing the segment mobility stabilization curves of various materials under certain treat-ment conditions.~
F~GURE 8 is a graph similar tb Figure 7 showing similar results but under different treatment conditions.
FIGURE 9 is a graph showing the segment mobility curves for various temperatures and relative regain curves for such temperatures, under given conditioning parameters.
1~C11~76 In all of the following tests, temperature measure-ments are expressed in degrees Centigrade with the standard deviation being plus or minus 2C.
Referring now to Figures 1 through 3, the graphs illustrate the results of experiments relating to various types of synthetic and natural fibrous materials and more specifically, cotton, nylon and wool materials, respectively.
Each of these materials was treated under conditions specified hereinafter by employing samples which were initially tested for initial moisture regain, and then conditioned under the treatments subscribed hereinafter. Each of these graphs thus illustrates~ in summary, that various temperatures will remove varying amounts of moisture from the products and will achieve stabilized moisture content after varying times.
More specifically, with respect to Figure 1~
summarizing results of several tests, the following procedures were employed:
~` Samples of 100~ pure cotton fabric were employed in ; which the samples were measured to obtain, at the onset of the tests~ 85~ relative humidity which corresponds to an initial regain factor of 9.1~. Such samp]es were exposed to a flow of conditioning air at 28C-and 11~ relative humidity and a second group of the same samples at 35C and 11~ relative humidity. Conditioning air treatment was carried out for periods up to 120 minutes with intermittent measurements of decrease in the weight percentage of the cotton fabric at various periods of time through the tests. As will be seen from ~igure 1~ the samples treated at 28QC and 11 relative humidity shown by the curve A became substantially stabilized at about 90 minutes, while the samples treated at -35 C shown by the curve B stabilized somewhat earlier -approximately 75 minutes, under the same relative humidity.
Increasing temperatureS, at the same relative humidity) with thus be seen to decrease the absorbed water of the samples at an earlier point in time.
Similar results are obtained with reference to ~igure 2 which illustrates the results of tests using substantially identical conditions to Eigure l, but in this case with pure nylon fabric as having an initial relative humidity of 85~, and an initial regai~ of 5.5%. In this case, reference letter C designates the curve for mateJial treated at 28 C and reference leter D material treated at 35C~ with the material being treated at the higher temperature becoming stabilized relative to the decreased amount of moisture at approximately 40 to 45 minutes and that treated at a lower temperature became stabilized slightly above 90 minùtes.
In Figure 3, similar tests (using 100% pure wool fabric) under similar conditions were carried out, as illustrat-ed with respect to the results shown in ~igure l. ~eference letter E illustrates the results obtained at 28C under 11 relative humidity and reference letter ~ the results of similar relative humidity at 35C. Stabilization for the various samples of both the hi~her and lower temperatures was in excess of 120 minutes, with the samples having an initial regain of 15.9~ corresponding to an lnitial weight measurement at 85~ relative humidity.
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Figure 4 illustrates the summary o~ltests relating to the factor for achieving moisture regain stabilization with respect to the samples shown in Figure 1. Thus, with t~ initial regain measurements of the materials_used in Figure 1, which was 9.1% the moisture regain values for the materials of Figure 1 over the test ranges show sta~ilization beginning shortly after 30 minutes of treatment and subsequently .
stabilizing at 50 to 60 minutes for the measurements of samples indicated by reference letter B under the temperatures and conditions illustrated with respect to Figure 1. In a similar vein, the samples shown by the curve A of Figure4 indicates stabilization beginning ~t approximately 90 minutes -with the moisture regain measurement of those samples treated with a lower temperature.
In figure 5~ moisture regain curves for the samples Or Figure 2 are shown and again~ indicated by reference letters C and D (for nylon) show the moisture regain stabilization under such conditions as were employed in treating the samples of Figure 2~ to involve stabilization for the moisture regain values,~for the materials shown by the curve of reference letter C, with stabilization being at approximately 90 minutes and for the curve D at approxin~ately 40 - 45 minutes.
Likewise, the stabilization of moisture regain for the material shown in Figure 3, and as illustrated in Figure 6, for the curve E lllustrates that a higher temperature treated material will stabilize in excess of 120 minutes, as will the material treated at the lower temperature which will:likewise stabilize in excess of-120 minutes, due to the nature o~ the material and the initial moisture conten$ of the product.
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From the above, it will be noted that moisture regain reduction will stabilize for varying materials at varying times, with stabilization being shown by a substan-tially constant measurement, which in turn, will yield a substantially constant relative regain value in all cases below about .32 in terms oP the equation previously expressed in this case.
Referring now to Figure 7~ there is illustrated a graph summarizing the results of tests carried out to determine the propensity of various types of materials to wrinkling~ which tests simulate the results of wrinkling as encountered in packaging, particularly vacuum packaging, of various types of commodities made from different types of natural and synthetic materials.
The results of the tests illustrated in Figure 7 were based on test procedures involving samples of the materials indicated. The samples were treated initially in air at 85~ relative humidity until moisture regain equilibrium at that humidity was obtained. Each of the samples were then humidified for different periods of time ranging from 0 to 180 minutes with the samples being in an undeformed state. In Figure 7, conditioning of the samples using atmos-pheric air was carried out with the atmospheric conditions involving~ for the results shown in Figure 7, 40~ relative humidity and 35 C with a constant flow rate of atmospheric air at 15 litersper minute. At intervals of ~, 10, 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes, the samples were tested by loading the respective samples in a conic wrinkling tester for a period of 10 minutes using a load oP 2 kg. Thereafter, the .
11~1176 wrinkled samples were permitted to recover in atmospheric air at 65~o relative humidity and 20Ca with wrinkle height (wrinkle recovery) then being measured using a load of 5 grams after 5 - 15 minute recovery pe~ods.
The results of the above tests for the different time periods are plotted in the form of the curve shown in Figure 7 and illustrate those conditions approximating treatment of the samples to illustrate the wrinkle factor such as would be encountered in vacuum packaging at various levels of segment mobilities of the fibers of the fibrous materials involved. Thus, from Figure 7, the state of~ or level of~ segment mobility of the different materials will be evident.
The materials involved in the tests shown by the curve of ~igure 7 included 100~ nylon, the results of which are shown by the curve of reference letter G;
100~ cotton the results of which are shown by the curve of reference letter H, a blend of nylon and polyester fibers the results of which are shown by the curve indicated by reference letter I, pure wool the results of which are shown by the curve designated by reference letter J, a mixture of wool and polyester fibers the results of.
which are shown by the curve designated by reference letter K and finally 100~ polyester the results of which are shown by the curve defined by reference letter ~.
~ igure 7 also illustrates~ on the horizontal axis~
the results of extended periods of testing showing the point at which the segment mobility levels in the different mate~als have been stabilized.
As will be seen from the results shown on ~igure 7, segment mobility stabilization indicated by an absence of wrinkling under the test conditions can be achieved in a relatively short period of time. However~ under the conditions specified using conditioning air at 35C with 40~
relative humidity~ segment mobility stabilization for materials such as cotton, cotton mixtures and nylon were longer.
By varying the treatment conditions, according to a further set of experiments~ segment mobility stabilization can be achieved at a greater rate. To this end~ the results shown in Figure 8 are the results of tests carried out on substantially identical samples to those used with respect to the experiments of Figure 7 but in this case, the conditioning atmosphere involved treatment using 15 liters of conditioning atmosphere per minute having a relative humidity o~ 10~ and again at 35C starting with the samples having an initial relative humidity in equilibrium with air at ~5~ relative humidity and 20C.
Similar letter designations, shown by the correspond-ing letters ~'~ H', etc., in Figure 8 ~ndicate similar materials to those of Figure 7 and in this cas~ it will be seen that the segment mobility levels of various materials initially climbed or were increased prior to decreasing along their respective curves. Se~ment mobility for wool, 11011~76 polyester, wool-polyester and nylon became substantially stabilized in relatively short periods of time indicating that the segment mobility had become stable at which time the products of these materials could be vacuum packaged without semi-permanent wrinkling being set into the mate~al.
The results of numerous other similar tests9 similar to those shown in Figure 7 and 8 have illustrated that for varying conditioning atmospheres, segment mobility stabilization can be achieved but that until such time as segment mobility stabilization is achieved, products packaged (as summarized by the conic testing methods~ -would have semi-permanent deformations therein which of course- is totally undesirable. From such tests~ segment mobility stabilization for the materials of Figures 7 and 8 can be seen to form stabilized conditions by varying the treating temperature and in general, earlier segment mobility stabilization can be achieved by initially utilizing condition-ing temperatures which initially lower the relative regain values of the samples to a substantially stabilized level whereafter the conditioning atmosphere utilizing lower temperatures to provide stabilized segment mobility will result in combined stabilized relative regain levels and stabilized segment mobility levels.
This is illustrated in greater detail in ~igure 9 which clearly shows the combined results of relative regain and segment mobility factors relative to the propensity to wrinkle. In Figure 9~ curve W illustrates the use of initial conditioning temperatures at 35C on samples of fibrous material~ curve X the use of conditioning air at 30C
3o on samples of the same material and curve Y the results of the use of conditioning atmosphere at 25 C and in which the llQ1176 initial samples being treated by the conditioning air contaln 65~ relative humidity at 20C. Correspondingly, the relative regain curves illustrate, under similar conditions to those described above, the relative regain for the temperature curves W, X and Y, but in this case, the respective relative regain curves are designed by W' 9 X' and Y'. With respect to the samples having the above initial conditions (65~ relative humidity), those treated with conditioning atmosphere having a 35C
temperature measurement and a nominal 30% relative humidity (curve W) show an increased segment mobility in the fibrous material after initially being treated by the conditioning atmosphere and a subsequent decrease until a substantially stabilized segment mobility is obtained which is at a level below the segment mobility level of the material prior to treatment. Correspondingly~ the relative r~gain, curve W' shows an initial significant decrease, as shown by the earlier figures and thereafter achieves a substantially stabilized condition in advance of the segment mobility stabilization.
At the point where the relative regain and the segmen* mobility levels of the fibrous mate~ial are substantially constant, the ; fibrous material may be packaged by e.g. vacuum packaging without suffering any deleterious effects.
Similar results are shown by the curves X and X~
wllich at lower conditioning temperatures and similar nominal ; relative humidity values~ indicated a lower rise in segment mobility with a shorter period of time before segment mobility stabllization was achieved, but conversely, slightly longer times were required for relative regain stabilization.
llQ1176 In this latter case, however, relative regain stabilization was still achieved prior to segment mobility stabilization, and again both the relati~e regain and segment mobility stabilization levels using the conditioning atmosphere were at a point below the original level of the materials being treated.
Curves Y and Y' show similar results and at lower temperaturesj but lower initial segment mobility increases are encountered but with greater relative regain times involved prior to stabilization for relative regain.
In all of the above cases, once stabilization of segment mobility ~ad been achieved and with relative regain stabilization, conditioning was carried on using conditioning air under subst-ntially constant conditions -e.g. 20 C and 10~ relative humidity~ to maintain stabilization. At this point, garments or the like of such materials can be safely vacuum packaged without detrimental wrinkling being permanently or semi-permanently set in the material.
With reference to the above e~amples conical ; wrinkling is ~nown in the art and reference may be had to Wrinkle Recovery Properties of Cotton Fabrics at Chainging Moisture and Temperature Conditions", SIRTEC9 Symposium International de la ~echerche Textile Cotonniere, Paris~ April 22 - 25~ 1969 for the procedures involved.
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llall76 The following example illustrates one embodiment of the method of the present invention, in which the method utilized different conditioning air environments.
This example was carried out using the ap~atus of the above-mentioned copending application, and in the treatment zone of such apparatus, condit~ning air was provided ranging from 30C to 20C and containing 30 - 15~ relative humidity while in the stabilization zone, conditioning air was introduced ranging from 20 C - 15C and 12 - 5~ relative humidity.
Numerous tests have been carried out under such conditions using various types of fibrous materials - e.g.
textile products in the form of garments, pillows, and the like.
In one such test, men's suits of lO0~ wool wer0 introduced into the apparatus, with the ambient atmospheric conditions being at that point approximately 30 C and 60~
relative humidity. The garments were initially treated with conditioning air using such air at the rate of 400 liters/-second. In the stabilization zone, conditioning air wasintroduced at the rate of 200 liters/second. Air temperatures in the initial portion of the treatment zone were approximately 30C decreasing to approximately 20 - 15C and with the air in the stabilization zone being maintained at a constant 15 - 20C.
The garments were treated in the treatment zone ; until such time as the segment mobility of the wool material was substantially stabilized and likewise the relative regain come to a substantially stable level. Thereafter~ the garments -were maintained in such stabilized condition for approximately 30 minutes with a total conditioning time being approximately 60 minutes.
In the method, after continuous running, condition-ing air was introduced using a mixture of ambient air and treated air so that the mixture obtained was one in which the relative humidity varied from approximately 30~ at the initial stage of the treatment zone to approximately 15~ at the end of the treating zone while in the stabilization zone the relative humidity was maintained at a constant 10~.
The apparatus employed according to the copending application had the following characteristics: the length of the treatment zone was approximately 10 meters with the height of the whole system being approximately 2 meters and having a width of approximately 80 centimeters. The stabilization zone had a length of approximately 10 meters and air was removed at a constant volume of approximately 480 liters per second (with a total of 1200 cubic meters per hour being removed from both zones).
Upon exiting from -the stabilization zone~ the garments were tested and found to contain a relative regain ~of below .22.
- 24 _ The garments were subsequently wrapped and vacuum packaged using the apparatus described in the copending application~ The volume of such garments was reduced under vacuum packaging to about 1/3 to 1/2.
They were thereafter stored for one week and the vacuum packaging removed. The garments were tested to determine the wrinkle characteristics and such garments were found to be substantially free from wrinkles by employing the method of this invention.
If desired, following removal of the vacuum packaging and in order to expedite recovery of the garments from this compressed state to their normal original condition, the product may be re-conditioned by exposing the same to relative humidities of 50~ or greater and temperature conditions of 25 p 45C. However these relative humidities and temperature conditions will vary depending on the type of product, the nature cf the fibrous materials~ etc.
.
Claims (28)
1. A method of conditioning fibrous material of natural or synthetic nature for vacuum packaging, comprising the steps of treating said fibrous material to reduce the relative regain of the fibers of the fibrous material to a level below the re-lative regain level of said fibrous material prior to said treatment, and reducing the segment mobility level of the fib-ers of the fibrous material to a level below the segment mobil-ity level of said fibers prior to said treatment, and packaging said material while said relative regain level and said segment mobility level of the fibers of the fibrous material is at a level below the respective levels prior to said treatment.
2. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein said treating of said fibrous material is carried out by providing a fibrous material with a first segment mobility and a first relative regain level, and exposing said fibrous material to a gaseous environment to lower said segment mobility level and said re-lative regain level to a second level below said first level and continuing the exposure of said fibrous material to said gaseous environment until the segment mobility level and the relative regain level is substantially constant.
3. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein said fibrous material is treated by exposing said fibrous material to a gaseous environment having a temperature sufficient to reduce the segment mobility level of the fibers of the fibrous mater-ial to said level below the level prior to said treatment and to reduce said relative regain level to a level below said level prior to said treatment.
4. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein said fibrous material is treated by exposing said material to a gaseous environ-ment for a sufficient period of time to lower said segment mobility and said relative regain to said levels below the levels prior to treatment and wherein the level of said relative regain is below about .32.
5. A method of conditioning a fibrous article for vacuum packaging, comprising exposing said article to a dehumidifying atmosphere of predetermined temperature wherein the segment mobility level of the fibers of said article is reduced to a preselected level less than the segment mobility level of said fibers at a temperature exceeding said predetermined temperature and thereafter, vacuum packaging said article with the segment mobility level of said fibers during packaging being at a level no greater than said preselected level.
6. A method for conditioning and packaging a compressible article comprising the steps of successively exposing said article to first and second atmospheres, the temperature of said first atmosphere exceeding the temperature of said second atmosphere and the relative humidities of said first and second atmospheres being selected to provide a decrease in the relative humidity of said article throughout the course of such conditioning, and vacuum packaging said article while said article has temperature and relative humidity established by said conditioning.
7. A method as defined in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein said fibrous material is treated by exposing said fibrous material to conditioning air having substantially the same relative humidity as said fibrous material, said conditioning air having a temperature lower than the temperature of said fibrous material prior to treatment with said conditioning air.
8. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein said fibrous material is treated by conditioning said material in at least two different atmospheres and in which at least one subsequent atmosphere to the first of said two atmospheres has a relative humidity lower than that of the preceding atmosphere, said fibrous material being exposed to said atmospheres for a period of time sufficient to lower the relative regain of the fibrous material to a level below about .27.
9. In a method of packaging a fibrous material of natural or synthetic nature, the improvement comprising treating said product to reduce the relative regain of said product to a level below the relative regain prior to said treatment, and subsequently packaging said fibrous material at or below said level.
10. A method as defined in claim 9, wherein the relative regain is reduced to a substantially constant level, and wherein said product is treated to reduce the segment mobility level of said fibrous material to a level below that prior to said product being treated and until the segment mobility level has reached a substantially constant level.
11. A method as defined in claim 2, 3 or 4, wherein said gaseous environment is atmospheric air, said air being conditioned to lower said segment mobility level and said relative regain level.
12. A method as defined in claim 9, wherein the relative regain level of said fibrous material is reduced by exposing said fibrous material to a gaseous environment having a substantially constant temperature, but with a relative humidity sufficient to lower said relative regain level of said fibrous material to a point where said relative regain level maintains a substantially constant level.
13. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein said fibrous material is treated by exposing said material to atmospheric air in an initial treatment zone and subsequently in a stabilizing zone, said fibrous material being treated in said treatment zone until said segment mobility level of said material maintains a substantially constant level and until said relative regain level maintains a substantially constant level, and thereafter maintaining said substantially constant segment mobility level and said relative regain level for a period of time ranging from about .1:1 to about 1:.1 of the time said material was initially treated.
14. A method as defined in claim 13, wherein said fibrous material is initially treated at a temperature of about 0°C. to about 50°C., and said fibrous material is subsequently treated at a temperature of about 0 - 40°C.
15. A method as defined in claim 13 or 14, and in which the atmosphere has a relative humidity of about 1% to about 30%.
16. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein said fibrous material is treated by exposing said material to atmospheric air to reduce the segment mobility level lower than the segment mobility level of said material prior to treatment, and to reduce the relative regain to a level below about .27 , and subsequently packaging said material when said segment mobility and said relative regain levels are at or below such levels.
17. A method as defined in claim 1, 2 or 3, of conditioning textile materials of natural or synthetic origin, for vacuum-packaging, which reduces the tendency of such materials to wrinkle or crease upon release of the materials from the vacuum-packaging, by the steps of exposing the fibrous material to a gaseous encironment containing air at a temperature sufficient to reduce the segment mobility of the fibers of the fibrous materials to a level below the segment mobility level of the said fibrous materials prior to being exposed to said gaseous environment, said conditioning being carried out for a time period of up to 240 minutes, and stabilizing said treated materials by maintaining said segment mobility of said materials at a level below the level of the segment mobility of said first step under gaseous conditions of less than about 20% relative humidity and at a temperature of less than about 38°C., said stabilization step being carried out for a period of time of between .1 : 1 to about 1 : .1 of the time factor that the materials have been subjected to in said conditioning step, and subsequently packaging said material.
18. A method as defined in claim 5, 9 or 16, wherein said material is packaged under vacuum conditions in a flexible wrapping material having a low moisture vapor transmission rate.
19. A method as defined in claim 1, 2 or 9, wherein said material being treated is a textile material.
20. A method as defined in claim 13, wherein said stabilizing treatment is carried out for a time ratio of from about .5 : 1 to about 1 : .5 relative to the time the textile material has been treated in the conditioning step, said material being treated for up to a total of 4 hours.
21. A method as defined in claim 20, wherein said material is treated in said treatment zone for a period ranging from about 2 minutes to 2 hours and in said conditioning zone for a period of about 2 minutes to 2 hours.
22. A method as defined in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein said segment mobility of said fibrous material is lowered from an initial level to a preselected level by exposing said material to a gaseous environment having a temperature lower than the temperature of said material prior to said treatment.
23. A method as defined in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein said segment mobility of said fibrous material is lowered from an initial level to a preselected level by exposing said material to a gaseous environment having a relative humidity lower than that of the material prior to treatment.
24. A method as defined in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein said segment mobility of said fibrous material is lowered from an initial level to a preselected level by exposing said material to a gaseous environment having a temperature lower than the temperature of said material prior to said treatment, and a relative humidity lower than that of the material prior to treatment.
25. A method as defined in claim 9, wherein the treatment step initially increases the segment mobility level of the material to a level above the level prior to treatment, and subsequently decreasing said segment mobility level to below the level prior to said treatment, said treatment reducing the relative regain to a substantially constant level prior to said packaging step.
26. A method as defined in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein said fibrous material is initially exposed to an atmosphere at an elevated temperature, said atmosphere having a relative humidity lower than the relative humidity of the fibrous material, and thereafter treating by exposing said fibrous material to an atmosphere at a temperature lower than the temperature of said elevated temperature, and having a relative humidity lower than the relative humidity of the material prior to said treatment, said material being exposed to said last-mentioned atmosphere for a period of time sufficient to provide a substantially stable relative regain level and to provide a substantially stable segment mobility level, and thereafter said material is packaged at or below said substantially stable levels of relative regain and segment mobility of the material.
27. A method as defined in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the relative regain is reduced to a level below .32.
28. A method as defined in claim 9 wherein the relative regain of the product is reduced to a level below the relative regain prior to said treatment, and to a value of not more than about .27.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US73555176A | 1976-11-01 | 1976-11-01 | |
| US735,551 | 1976-11-01 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1101176A true CA1101176A (en) | 1981-05-19 |
Family
ID=24956248
Family Applications (3)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA275,130A Expired CA1078726A (en) | 1976-11-01 | 1977-03-30 | Horizontal packaging apparatus |
| CA289,874A Expired CA1101176A (en) | 1976-11-01 | 1977-10-31 | Method of treating fibrous materials |
| CA289,869A Expired CA1101326A (en) | 1976-11-01 | 1977-10-31 | Textile material treating apparatus |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA275,130A Expired CA1078726A (en) | 1976-11-01 | 1977-03-30 | Horizontal packaging apparatus |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA289,869A Expired CA1101326A (en) | 1976-11-01 | 1977-10-31 | Textile material treating apparatus |
Country Status (24)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (3) | JPS5389592A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU514874B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE860432A (en) |
| BR (2) | BR7707346A (en) |
| CA (3) | CA1078726A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE2748821A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK484977A (en) |
| ES (2) | ES463700A1 (en) |
| FI (2) | FI773266A (en) |
| FR (2) | FR2369372A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1597242A (en) |
| HK (1) | HK33884A (en) |
| IE (2) | IE46073B1 (en) |
| IL (2) | IL53268A (en) |
| IN (2) | IN149200B (en) |
| IT (2) | IT1097704B (en) |
| MT (2) | MTP820B (en) |
| MX (2) | MX148433A (en) |
| NL (2) | NL7712048A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO773741L (en) |
| NZ (2) | NZ185590A (en) |
| PT (2) | PT67222B (en) |
| SE (2) | SE433197B (en) |
| SG (1) | SG81483G (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5873519A (en) * | 1981-10-22 | 1983-05-02 | 株式会社白興商会 | End packer for solid pakage |
| GB2125456A (en) * | 1982-08-04 | 1984-03-07 | Reginald David Wilson | Methods and apparatus for conditioning materials for packing |
| GB2124581A (en) * | 1982-08-04 | 1984-02-22 | Reginald David Wilson | Packaging textile articles |
| JPS624084A (en) * | 1985-06-18 | 1987-01-10 | ユニチカ株式会社 | Method of packaging sawn product and packaged sawn product |
| JPS63110114A (en) * | 1986-10-18 | 1988-05-14 | 株式会社 平永商店 | Fiber-product vacuum packaging method |
| JPH0626773U (en) * | 1992-09-17 | 1994-04-12 | 三洋電機株式会社 | Electric equipment with fixed blade and movable blade |
| TW339375B (en) * | 1996-01-30 | 1998-09-01 | Bony Kk | Fiber products, packing method of packed fiber products, and method of returning the original form |
| GB2322693B (en) | 1997-02-28 | 2001-01-24 | W T Shipping Ltd | Packaging of commodities |
| WO1999016952A1 (en) * | 1997-09-30 | 1999-04-08 | Pladrest Heating Limited | Conditioning apparatus for textiles |
| CN109159945B (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2023-10-13 | 宜昌市综艺包装有限公司 | Packing box foam stamping machine |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3471990A (en) * | 1967-01-03 | 1969-10-14 | Johnson Co Gordon | Apparatus for and method of stretching,sealing and removing the tab from packages |
| JPS4930917U (en) * | 1972-06-19 | 1974-03-16 | ||
| US3837138A (en) * | 1973-02-23 | 1974-09-24 | Johns Manville | Method and apparatus for compressing material and enclosing the same in a plastic film |
| SE383132B (en) * | 1974-07-05 | 1976-03-01 | Svenska Textilforskningsinst | PROCEDURE FOR PRE-TREATMENT, PACKAGING, STORAGE AND FINISHING OF A TEXTILE PRODUCT |
| DE2454007A1 (en) * | 1974-11-14 | 1976-05-26 | Wilfried Pavel Kg | Equipment for packing objects in foil hose - has number of guide rollers pulling the foil hose over packed objects |
| SE389314B (en) * | 1975-03-21 | 1976-11-01 | Tex Innovation Ab | EVACUATION DEVICE. |
-
1977
- 1977-03-30 CA CA275,130A patent/CA1078726A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-10-25 MT MT820A patent/MTP820B/en unknown
- 1977-10-25 MT MT821A patent/MTP821B/en unknown
- 1977-10-29 ES ES463700A patent/ES463700A1/en not_active Expired
- 1977-10-29 ES ES463701A patent/ES463701A1/en not_active Expired
- 1977-10-31 CA CA289,874A patent/CA1101176A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-10-31 CA CA289,869A patent/CA1101326A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-10-31 DE DE19772748821 patent/DE2748821A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1977-10-31 PT PT67222A patent/PT67222B/en unknown
- 1977-10-31 IT IT83508/77A patent/IT1097704B/en active
- 1977-10-31 PT PT67223A patent/PT67223B/en unknown
- 1977-10-31 JP JP12981577A patent/JPS5389592A/en active Pending
- 1977-10-31 DE DE19772748861 patent/DE2748861A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1977-11-01 JP JP13033277A patent/JPS5390500A/en active Granted
- 1977-11-01 IN IN1569/CAL/77A patent/IN149200B/en unknown
- 1977-11-01 AU AU30228/77A patent/AU514874B2/en not_active Expired
- 1977-11-01 NZ NZ185590A patent/NZ185590A/en unknown
- 1977-11-01 NZ NZ185586A patent/NZ185586A/en unknown
- 1977-11-01 BR BR7707346A patent/BR7707346A/en unknown
- 1977-11-01 FI FI773266A patent/FI773266A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-11-01 IL IL53268A patent/IL53268A/en unknown
- 1977-11-01 IE IE2223/77A patent/IE46073B1/en unknown
- 1977-11-01 MX MX171178A patent/MX148433A/en unknown
- 1977-11-01 NO NO773741A patent/NO773741L/en unknown
- 1977-11-01 BR BR7707347A patent/BR7707347A/en unknown
- 1977-11-01 MX MX171177A patent/MX146529A/en unknown
- 1977-11-01 NL NL7712048A patent/NL7712048A/en unknown
- 1977-11-01 GB GB45382/77A patent/GB1597242A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-11-01 NL NL7712047A patent/NL7712047A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-11-01 IE IE2222/77A patent/IE46072B1/en unknown
- 1977-11-01 FI FI773265A patent/FI773265A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-11-01 SE SE7712316A patent/SE433197B/en unknown
- 1977-11-01 IL IL53269A patent/IL53269A/en unknown
- 1977-11-01 SE SE7712317A patent/SE7712317L/en unknown
- 1977-11-01 DK DK484977A patent/DK484977A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-11-01 IN IN1568/CAL/77A patent/IN149199B/en unknown
- 1977-11-02 IT IT69457/77A patent/IT1116262B/en active
- 1977-11-02 FR FR7732882A patent/FR2369372A1/en active Granted
- 1977-11-02 FR FR7732883A patent/FR2379438A1/en active Granted
- 1977-11-03 BE BE182309A patent/BE860432A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1983
- 1983-12-23 SG SG814/83A patent/SG81483G/en unknown
-
1984
- 1984-04-18 HK HK338/84A patent/HK33884A/en unknown
-
1987
- 1987-06-09 JP JP1987088134U patent/JPH0231362Y2/ja not_active Expired
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