CA1099630A - Treatment of organic produce to control vermin - Google Patents
Treatment of organic produce to control verminInfo
- Publication number
- CA1099630A CA1099630A CA303,018A CA303018A CA1099630A CA 1099630 A CA1099630 A CA 1099630A CA 303018 A CA303018 A CA 303018A CA 1099630 A CA1099630 A CA 1099630A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- ozone
- admitted
- carrier gas
- storage space
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/34—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
- A23L3/3409—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B9/00—Preservation of edible seeds, e.g. cereals
- A23B9/16—Preserving with chemicals
- A23B9/18—Preserving with chemicals in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A method of controlling insect pests in organic produce held in a storage space is disclosed, the method comprising admitting ozone gas into said storage space to expose the produce to said gas.
A method of controlling insect pests in organic produce held in a storage space is disclosed, the method comprising admitting ozone gas into said storage space to expose the produce to said gas.
Description
1~99630 This invention provides a novel method for controlling insect and similar pests in organic produce~
particularly stored grain, and to produce treated by this method.
There are many kinds of organic produce which must be stored for long periods during which attack by insect and similar pests is a serious problem. For example, grains such as wheat, oats, barley, sorghum, oilseeds, linseeds and sunflower seeds may be stored for long periods in bulkhead storages, silos, bins and ships' holds and deterioration due to attack by insect pests such as weevils and beetles can involve large financial losses. Similar problems arise in the storage and distribution of other organic produce such as fruit, vegetables and cotton which are also attacked by insect pests.
Many previous attempts to overcome this problem have involved treatment of the produce with insecticidal chemicals. These chemicals can, however, be harmful to man and as a result some countries have instituted very strict controls on such treatments. In addition to the problem of insecticidal residues remaining in the produce, it has been found that the insects build up resistance to the insecticides so that these insecticidal methods of control lose their effectiveness.
Alternative methods of control of insect pests in . - . . . . ~ .
'' 1~99630 stored grain have been suggested, and in general these are based on controlled management of the environment in which the grain is to be stored. Thus, the effect on insect pests of air-tight storage of grain in sealed containers has been studied and, in particular, the effects of reduced oxygen tensions and increased carbon dioxide tensions in air-tight storage of grain infested with insect pests such as Sitophilus granarius (formerly Calandra granaria), Sitophilus zeamais and Sitophilus oryzae ~formerly the large and small strains of Calandra oryzae respectively) have been examined in some detail (Bailey, S.W. (1955). Air-tight storage of grain; its effects on insect pests - I;
Calandra ~ranaria L. (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) Aust.J.agric. Res. 6, 33-51;
(1956) Air-tight storage of grain; its effects on insect pests - II; Calandra oryzae (small strain) Aust. J. agric. Res.7, 7-19; (1957) Air-tight stor~ge of grain; its effects on insect pests - III: Calandra oryzae (large strain) Aust. J. agric. Res.3, 595-603; (1965) Air-tight storage of grain; its effects on insect pests - IV Rhyzopertha dominica (P) and some other Coleoptera that infest stored grain. J. Stored Prod. Res., 1965 Vol 1, pp 25-33). Another proposal for control of insect pests based on control of the storage environment consists in replacement of the air or gas in a grain storage B
1~99630 silo or the like by a dry inert gas such as nitrogen which is incapable of sustaining life. Yet another proposal for control of these pests,is disclosed in Australian Patent Specification No. 479999 in the name of Snam Progetti S.p.A., is based on the use of a controlled environment of nitrogen having a relative humidity in the range from 45% to 70%.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a treatment which can be used so as to effectively exter-minate and/or control insects pests in organic produce without producing any deleterious effects on the produce itself.
It has been found that the significant species of insect pests are vulnerable to attack by ozone gas and can be controlled by subjecting organic produce infested with the pests to ozone gas in quantities which are so small that the produce is not affected. Weevils and insect larvae in particular have respitatory or digestive tracts which are very vulnerable to ozone gas in even small quantities.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a method of controlling insect pests in organic produce held in a storage space, comprising admitting ozone gas into said storage space to expose the produce to said gas. Where, in this specification, reference is made to "insect pests", it is to be ur.derstood that such reference includes not only 1~99630 members of the class Insecta ana particularly members of the families Curculionidae and Cucijidae (more particularly the genera Sitophilus and Cryptolestes),but also other small insect-like pests such as mites and other members of the class Arachnida, particularly of the family Acaridae~
Preferably, the ozone gas is admitted to the storage space over a period of time at least equal to the sum of the gestation period of the insect pests at the temperature within said storage space plus the time required to kill the adult forms of said insect pests. Preferably also, the ozone gas is admitted into the storage space in a pulsed manner whereby the ozone is admitted through a succession of time intervals separated by intervals during which no ozone is admitted. Preferably further, the time intervals during which ozone gas is not admitted are longer than the time intervals during which the ozone is admitted. More particularly, the time intervals during which the ozone is not admitted may be at least twice as long as the time intervals during which the ozone is admitted. The actual length of the time intervals during which the ozone is admitted may vary according to the type of produce and insect pest being treated.
The overall duration of treatment may vary considerably according to the type of produce being treated and the pericd of storage. As previously described, the time over which the ozone gas is admitted is at least equal to the ~ 1~9~630 sum of the gestation period of the insect pests at the temperature within the storage space plus the time required to kill the adult forms of the pests. It will, of course, be appreciated that different species of insects have different gestation periods and, moreover, the individual gestation periods are greatly dependent upon the ambient temperature. By way of example, Sitophilus granarius, Sitophilus oryzae and Sitophilus zeamais have gestation periods of 36, 34 and 37 days respectively at 25C, and all have gestation periods of greater than 180 days at 15C.
Accordingly, the actual minimum time of exposure of the produce to the ozone gas will be based on the type or types of insect pests infesting the produce and the ambient temperature within the storage space. The dosage rate of ozone will be designed for the particular spatial arrangement of produce within the storage space which is to be controlled.
For most types of organic produce, however, the dosage rate of ozone may be in the range 0.01 gram to 0.5 grams per cubic metre of produce. For example, a dosage rate of 0.02 grams of ozone per cubic metre of grain has been found appropriate for the control of Sitophilus granarius.
Preferably, the ozone gas is admitted into the storage space entrained in a carrier gas which may, for example, be compressed air, preferably in the range 1.5 to
particularly stored grain, and to produce treated by this method.
There are many kinds of organic produce which must be stored for long periods during which attack by insect and similar pests is a serious problem. For example, grains such as wheat, oats, barley, sorghum, oilseeds, linseeds and sunflower seeds may be stored for long periods in bulkhead storages, silos, bins and ships' holds and deterioration due to attack by insect pests such as weevils and beetles can involve large financial losses. Similar problems arise in the storage and distribution of other organic produce such as fruit, vegetables and cotton which are also attacked by insect pests.
Many previous attempts to overcome this problem have involved treatment of the produce with insecticidal chemicals. These chemicals can, however, be harmful to man and as a result some countries have instituted very strict controls on such treatments. In addition to the problem of insecticidal residues remaining in the produce, it has been found that the insects build up resistance to the insecticides so that these insecticidal methods of control lose their effectiveness.
Alternative methods of control of insect pests in . - . . . . ~ .
'' 1~99630 stored grain have been suggested, and in general these are based on controlled management of the environment in which the grain is to be stored. Thus, the effect on insect pests of air-tight storage of grain in sealed containers has been studied and, in particular, the effects of reduced oxygen tensions and increased carbon dioxide tensions in air-tight storage of grain infested with insect pests such as Sitophilus granarius (formerly Calandra granaria), Sitophilus zeamais and Sitophilus oryzae ~formerly the large and small strains of Calandra oryzae respectively) have been examined in some detail (Bailey, S.W. (1955). Air-tight storage of grain; its effects on insect pests - I;
Calandra ~ranaria L. (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) Aust.J.agric. Res. 6, 33-51;
(1956) Air-tight storage of grain; its effects on insect pests - II; Calandra oryzae (small strain) Aust. J. agric. Res.7, 7-19; (1957) Air-tight stor~ge of grain; its effects on insect pests - III: Calandra oryzae (large strain) Aust. J. agric. Res.3, 595-603; (1965) Air-tight storage of grain; its effects on insect pests - IV Rhyzopertha dominica (P) and some other Coleoptera that infest stored grain. J. Stored Prod. Res., 1965 Vol 1, pp 25-33). Another proposal for control of insect pests based on control of the storage environment consists in replacement of the air or gas in a grain storage B
1~99630 silo or the like by a dry inert gas such as nitrogen which is incapable of sustaining life. Yet another proposal for control of these pests,is disclosed in Australian Patent Specification No. 479999 in the name of Snam Progetti S.p.A., is based on the use of a controlled environment of nitrogen having a relative humidity in the range from 45% to 70%.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a treatment which can be used so as to effectively exter-minate and/or control insects pests in organic produce without producing any deleterious effects on the produce itself.
It has been found that the significant species of insect pests are vulnerable to attack by ozone gas and can be controlled by subjecting organic produce infested with the pests to ozone gas in quantities which are so small that the produce is not affected. Weevils and insect larvae in particular have respitatory or digestive tracts which are very vulnerable to ozone gas in even small quantities.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a method of controlling insect pests in organic produce held in a storage space, comprising admitting ozone gas into said storage space to expose the produce to said gas. Where, in this specification, reference is made to "insect pests", it is to be ur.derstood that such reference includes not only 1~99630 members of the class Insecta ana particularly members of the families Curculionidae and Cucijidae (more particularly the genera Sitophilus and Cryptolestes),but also other small insect-like pests such as mites and other members of the class Arachnida, particularly of the family Acaridae~
Preferably, the ozone gas is admitted to the storage space over a period of time at least equal to the sum of the gestation period of the insect pests at the temperature within said storage space plus the time required to kill the adult forms of said insect pests. Preferably also, the ozone gas is admitted into the storage space in a pulsed manner whereby the ozone is admitted through a succession of time intervals separated by intervals during which no ozone is admitted. Preferably further, the time intervals during which ozone gas is not admitted are longer than the time intervals during which the ozone is admitted. More particularly, the time intervals during which the ozone is not admitted may be at least twice as long as the time intervals during which the ozone is admitted. The actual length of the time intervals during which the ozone is admitted may vary according to the type of produce and insect pest being treated.
The overall duration of treatment may vary considerably according to the type of produce being treated and the pericd of storage. As previously described, the time over which the ozone gas is admitted is at least equal to the ~ 1~9~630 sum of the gestation period of the insect pests at the temperature within the storage space plus the time required to kill the adult forms of the pests. It will, of course, be appreciated that different species of insects have different gestation periods and, moreover, the individual gestation periods are greatly dependent upon the ambient temperature. By way of example, Sitophilus granarius, Sitophilus oryzae and Sitophilus zeamais have gestation periods of 36, 34 and 37 days respectively at 25C, and all have gestation periods of greater than 180 days at 15C.
Accordingly, the actual minimum time of exposure of the produce to the ozone gas will be based on the type or types of insect pests infesting the produce and the ambient temperature within the storage space. The dosage rate of ozone will be designed for the particular spatial arrangement of produce within the storage space which is to be controlled.
For most types of organic produce, however, the dosage rate of ozone may be in the range 0.01 gram to 0.5 grams per cubic metre of produce. For example, a dosage rate of 0.02 grams of ozone per cubic metre of grain has been found appropriate for the control of Sitophilus granarius.
Preferably, the ozone gas is admitted into the storage space entrained in a carrier gas which may, for example, be compressed air, preferably in the range 1.5 to
2.5 atmospheres. The ozone gas in this embodiment is intro-1~99~30 duced into the carrier gas in a minor proportion, for example, about 10% by volume. It is preferred that the caxrier gas having the ozone gas entrained therein is admitted into the storage space in pulses since this provides better propogation and distribution of the ozone gas throughout the produce.
The present invention also extends to organic produce, particularly grain produce, when treated by the above method.
10There are various known types of apparatus for generating ozone gas, usually by subjecting normal diatomic oxygen to a corona discharge. One specific type of ozone generator which can be used for the purposes of the present invention is disclosed in Australian Patent Specification 15276,566 and United States Patent Specification 3,336,099.
Typically the ozone would be pumped into the bottom of the storage space to filter upwardly through the produce, the pump being controlled by a suitable electronic control circuit to produce the required pulsed output. In an alter-2Q native arrangement, the ozone gas may be admitted to the stQrage space through a thxee-dimensional network of spaced orifices located within the storage space. Typically, in this arran~ement, the orifices would be spaced with the `` 1~9~630 centres thereof less than three metres apart.
Pulsed admission of the ozone gas to the storage space as described above is desirable to ensure thât the produce is not exposed to the ozone gas for a continuous period long enough to cause any deleterious effect on the produce itself. For example, in the treatment of grain it may be necessary to ensure that the ozone does not seep through to the grain kernels since this might interfere with the genetic material in the kernels in such a way as to prevent propagation if the grain were subsequently used for sowing. When treating oil bearing grains it is also important that the exposure intervals be limited to avoid exposure of the oil within the grain to the ozone since this could lead to ~ncidity.
Oæone gas is unstable and it transforms to diatomic oxygen fairly rapidly. More specifically, the half-life of the ozone varies with temperature and humidity but the mean is of the order of 20 minutes. This period, however, allows ample time for the ozone to filter through the produce in an active state. Any gas which happens to leak from the sealed stoxage space will simply mix with the atmosphere and decompose to oxygen, thus avoiding any external pollution 1~99630 problems. The storage space may be allowed to remain sealed after treatment for a time sufficient to ensure that any residual oæone gas is transformed to diatomic oxygen before the storage space is unsealed. Grain which is treated in accordance with this invention subsequently exhibits no effects of the treatment, except for the control of insect pests, and will not react to any pesticide detec-tion tests.
It is expected that a large silo of wheat could be effectively treated in accordance with the invention in a matter of days but it may be preferred to continue the treatment either continuously or at regular intervals over the whole period during which the produce is stored. For example, it is envisaged that treatment may be carried out on grain stored in the holds of ships. The time intervals during treatment of the produce with the ozone and the actual dosage rate of ozone may also be varied considerably according to the particular produce and type of storage. It is accordingly to be understood that the invention is in no way limited to the particular examples given above but extends to every novel feature and combination of features herein disclosed.
_g_ "~
The present invention also extends to organic produce, particularly grain produce, when treated by the above method.
10There are various known types of apparatus for generating ozone gas, usually by subjecting normal diatomic oxygen to a corona discharge. One specific type of ozone generator which can be used for the purposes of the present invention is disclosed in Australian Patent Specification 15276,566 and United States Patent Specification 3,336,099.
Typically the ozone would be pumped into the bottom of the storage space to filter upwardly through the produce, the pump being controlled by a suitable electronic control circuit to produce the required pulsed output. In an alter-2Q native arrangement, the ozone gas may be admitted to the stQrage space through a thxee-dimensional network of spaced orifices located within the storage space. Typically, in this arran~ement, the orifices would be spaced with the `` 1~9~630 centres thereof less than three metres apart.
Pulsed admission of the ozone gas to the storage space as described above is desirable to ensure thât the produce is not exposed to the ozone gas for a continuous period long enough to cause any deleterious effect on the produce itself. For example, in the treatment of grain it may be necessary to ensure that the ozone does not seep through to the grain kernels since this might interfere with the genetic material in the kernels in such a way as to prevent propagation if the grain were subsequently used for sowing. When treating oil bearing grains it is also important that the exposure intervals be limited to avoid exposure of the oil within the grain to the ozone since this could lead to ~ncidity.
Oæone gas is unstable and it transforms to diatomic oxygen fairly rapidly. More specifically, the half-life of the ozone varies with temperature and humidity but the mean is of the order of 20 minutes. This period, however, allows ample time for the ozone to filter through the produce in an active state. Any gas which happens to leak from the sealed stoxage space will simply mix with the atmosphere and decompose to oxygen, thus avoiding any external pollution 1~99630 problems. The storage space may be allowed to remain sealed after treatment for a time sufficient to ensure that any residual oæone gas is transformed to diatomic oxygen before the storage space is unsealed. Grain which is treated in accordance with this invention subsequently exhibits no effects of the treatment, except for the control of insect pests, and will not react to any pesticide detec-tion tests.
It is expected that a large silo of wheat could be effectively treated in accordance with the invention in a matter of days but it may be preferred to continue the treatment either continuously or at regular intervals over the whole period during which the produce is stored. For example, it is envisaged that treatment may be carried out on grain stored in the holds of ships. The time intervals during treatment of the produce with the ozone and the actual dosage rate of ozone may also be varied considerably according to the particular produce and type of storage. It is accordingly to be understood that the invention is in no way limited to the particular examples given above but extends to every novel feature and combination of features herein disclosed.
_g_ "~
Claims (40)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A method of controlling insect pests in organic produce held in a storage space, comprising admitting ozone gas into said storage space to expose the produce to said gas.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein said gas is admitted to said storage space over a period of time at least equal to the sum of the gestation period of the insect pests at the temperature within said storage space plus the time required to kill the adult forms of the insect pests at said temperature.
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein said ozone gas is admitted into said storage space throughout a succession of time intervals separated by time intervals during which no ozone gas is admitted to said storage space.
4. A method according to claim 2, wherein said ozone gas is admitted into said storage space throughout a succession of time intervals separated by time intervals during which no ozone gas is admitted to said storage space.
5. A method according to claim 3, wherein the time intervals during which no ozone gas is admitted to said storage space are longer than the time intervals during which said ozone gas is admitted.
6. A method according to claim 4, wherein the time intervals during which no ozone gas is admitted to said storage space are longer than the time intervals during which said ozone gas is admitted.
7. A method according to claim 5, wherein the time intervals during which no ozone gas is admitted to said storage space are at least twice as long as the time intervals during which said ozone gas is admitted.
8. A method according to claim 6, wherein the time intervals during which no ozone gas is admitted to said storage space are at least twice as long as the time intervals during which said ozone gas is admitted.
9. A method according to claim 3, wherein said ozone gas is admitted into said storage space at a rate in the range of from 0.01 gram to 0.5 grams of ozone per cubic metre of produce.
10. A method according to claim 4, wherein said ozone gas is admitted into said storage space at a rate in the range of from 0.01 gram to 0.5 grams of ozone per cubic metre of produce.
11. A method according to claim 5, wherein said ozone gas is admitted into said storage space at a rate in the range of from 0.01 gram to 0.5 grams of ozone per cubic metre of produce.
12. A method according to claim 6, wherein said ozone gas is admitted into said storage space at a rate in the range of from 0.01 gram to 0.5 grams of ozone per cubic metre of produce.
13. A method according to claim 9, wherein said produce is grain and said ozone gas is admitted at a rate of about 0.02 grams of ozone per cubic metre of produce.
14. A method according to claim 10, wherein said produce is grain and said ozone gas is admitted at a rate of about 0.02 grams of ozone per cubic metre of produce.
15. A method according to claim 11, wherein said produce is grain and said ozone gas is admitted at a rate of about 0.02 grams of ozone per cubic metre of produce.
16. A method according to claim 12, wherein said produce is grain and said ozone gas is admitted at a rate of about 0.02 grams of ozone per cubic metre of produce.
17. A method according to claim 1, wherein said ozone gas is admitted into said storage space entrained in a carrier gas.
18. A method according to claim 2, wherein said ozone gas is admitted into said storage space entrained in a carrier gas.
19. A method according to claim 13, wherein said ozone gas is admitted into said storage space entrained in a carrier gas.
20. A method according to claim 14, wherein said ozone gas is admitted into said storage space entrained in a carrier gas.
21. A method according to claim 15, wherein said ozone gas is admitted into said storage space entrained in a carrier gas.
22. A method according to claim 16, wherein said ozone gas is admitted into said storage space entrained in a carrier gas.
23. A method according to claim 17, wherein said carrier gas is compressed air at a pressure in the range of 1.5 to 2.5 atmospheres.
24. A method according to claim 18, wherein said carrier gas is com-pressed air at a pressure in the range of 1.5 to 2.5 atmospheres.
25. A method according to claim 19, wherein said carrier gas is com-pressed air at a pressure in the range of 1.5 to 2.5 atmospheres.
26. A method according to claim 20, wherein said carrier gas is com-pressed air at a pressure in the range of 1.5 to 2.5 atmospheres.
27. A method according to claim 21, wherein said carrier gas is com-pressed air at a pressure in the range of 1.5 to 2.5 atmospheres.
28. A method according to claim 22, wherein said carrier gas is com-pressed air at a pressure in the range of 1.5 to 2.5 atmospheres.
29. A method according to claim 17, wherein said ozone gas is entrained in said carrier gas in an amount of about 10% by volume of said carrier gas.
30. A method according to claim 18, wherein said ozone gas is entrained in said carrier gas in an amount of about 10% by volume of said carrier gas.
31. A method according to claim 19, wherein said ozone gas is entrained in said carrier gas in an amount of about 10% by volume of said carrier gas.
32. A method according to claim 20, wherein said ozone gas is entrained in said carrier gas in an amount of about 10% by volume of said carrier gas.
33. A method according to claim 21, wherein said ozone gas is entrained in said carrier gas in an amount of about 10% by volume of said carrier gas.
34. A method according to claim 22, wherein said ozone gas is entrained in said carrier gas in an amount of about 10% by volume of said carrier gas.
35. A method according to claim 23, wherein said ozone gas is entrained in said carrier gas in an amount of about 10% by volume of said carrier gas.
36. A method according to claim 24, wherein said ozone gas is entrained in said carrier gas in an amount of about 10% by volume of said carrier gas.
37. A method according to claim 25, wherein said ozone gas is entrained in said carrier gas in an amount of about 10% by volume of said carrier gas.
38. A method according to claim 26, wherein said ozone gas is entrained in said carrier gas in an amount of about 10% by volume of said carrier gas.
39. A method according to claim 27, wherein said ozone gas is entrained in said carrier gas in an amount of about 10% by volume of said carrier gas.
40. A method according to claim 28, wherein said ozone gas is entrained in said carrier gas in an amount of about 10% by volume of said carrier gas.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPD020677 | 1977-05-24 | ||
| AUPD0206/77 | 1977-05-24 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1099630A true CA1099630A (en) | 1981-04-21 |
Family
ID=3767020
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA303,018A Expired CA1099630A (en) | 1977-05-24 | 1978-05-10 | Treatment of organic produce to control vermin |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU3580078A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE867430A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1099630A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2822273A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2391652A1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7805589A (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2595036B1 (en) * | 1986-02-28 | 1990-09-07 | Air Liquide | PROCESS FOR THE PRESERVATION OF WET AGRO-FOOD PRODUCTS STORED IN BULK |
| BR9004909A (en) * | 1990-10-01 | 1992-04-07 | Clover Eletronica Ltda. | PROCESS, INSTALLATION AND CAMERA TO REDUCE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY IN ENCLOSURE, PARTICULARLY FOR A STORAGE PLACE |
| DE10040988A1 (en) * | 2000-08-22 | 2002-03-21 | Evotec Biosystems Ag | Measurement of chemical and/or biological samples, useful for screening interactions between two bio-molecules, comprises excitement of a marker with electromagnetic radiation of one wavelength or polarization from a pulsed transmitter |
| US20030059506A1 (en) * | 2001-09-21 | 2003-03-27 | Lynn Johnson | Pathogen control on agricultural commodities |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE481910A (en) * | ||||
| GB235930A (en) * | 1924-03-15 | 1925-06-15 | Frederick Henry Loring | Improved method of reducing moth in flour mills, or inhibiting life as developed generally in connection with foods |
| US3339475A (en) * | 1966-10-07 | 1967-09-05 | Robert T Martin | Potato storage treating apparatus |
| US3897210A (en) * | 1971-05-07 | 1975-07-29 | Bacfree Ind Inc | Method and apparatus for sterilizing particulate material |
-
1977
- 1977-05-24 AU AU35800/78A patent/AU3580078A/en active Pending
-
1978
- 1978-05-10 CA CA303,018A patent/CA1099630A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-05-19 FR FR7814833A patent/FR2391652A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1978-05-22 DE DE19782822273 patent/DE2822273A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1978-05-23 NL NL7805589A patent/NL7805589A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1978-05-24 BE BE188001A patent/BE867430A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU3580078A (en) | 1979-11-08 |
| BE867430A (en) | 1978-11-24 |
| NL7805589A (en) | 1978-11-28 |
| DE2822273A1 (en) | 1978-12-07 |
| FR2391652A1 (en) | 1978-12-22 |
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