CA1099604A - Heating and climate equalizing system - Google Patents
Heating and climate equalizing systemInfo
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- CA1099604A CA1099604A CA281,632A CA281632A CA1099604A CA 1099604 A CA1099604 A CA 1099604A CA 281632 A CA281632 A CA 281632A CA 1099604 A CA1099604 A CA 1099604A
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- heat
- conduit
- heat exchanger
- accumulator
- energy
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Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A heating and climate equalizing system is provided for objects or spaces which are surrounded by a heat insulating outer covering, e.g., buildings. The system includes a ground accumulator for storing low tempera-ture heat; a first heat exchanger system in heat exchanging contact with the ground accumulator; a second heat exchanger system which is positioned within said outer covering and embedded in a heat insulation layer thereof so as to be able to absorb transmission heat from both the outside and the inside of the covering; a conduit system interconnecting the first and second heat ex-changer systems; and adjustable pumping means for circulating a heat carrying fluid between the first and the second heat exchanger systems via the conduit system, so as to transfer heat from the ground accumulator to the outer cover-ing, and vice versa. The system now makes possible the construction of heat-ing apparatus which is smaller than conventional heating apparatus used here-tofore but yet will provide equivalent heating value by using heat energy of a low temperature.
A heating and climate equalizing system is provided for objects or spaces which are surrounded by a heat insulating outer covering, e.g., buildings. The system includes a ground accumulator for storing low tempera-ture heat; a first heat exchanger system in heat exchanging contact with the ground accumulator; a second heat exchanger system which is positioned within said outer covering and embedded in a heat insulation layer thereof so as to be able to absorb transmission heat from both the outside and the inside of the covering; a conduit system interconnecting the first and second heat ex-changer systems; and adjustable pumping means for circulating a heat carrying fluid between the first and the second heat exchanger systems via the conduit system, so as to transfer heat from the ground accumulator to the outer cover-ing, and vice versa. The system now makes possible the construction of heat-ing apparatus which is smaller than conventional heating apparatus used here-tofore but yet will provide equivalent heating value by using heat energy of a low temperature.
Description
~3996~
The prebent invention relates to a heating and climate equalizing system for objects or spaces surrounded by a heat insulating outer covering.
In one particular aspect, this invention relates to house buildings, which are heated by known heat distribution apparatus, for example by water heat and/or by air heat conduits with their associated heat bodies. Such heat distribution apparatus are at present scaled on the basis of the lowest ambient temperature during the year, for example, expressed as a 24-hour average temperature. This scaling leads to high initial and operating costs, since the apparatus is over-scaled during the main part of the year.
An object of one aspect of the present invention is to make it pos-sible to scale heat distribution apparatus of the above-mentioned kind for an ostensible ambient temperature which is considerably higher than the actual lowest 24-hour average temperature. As an example, it may be mentioned that a heat distribution apparatus, which with the hitherto used technique must be scaled for a lowest 24-hour average temperature of -20C. (which is the ca8e for large parts of Sweden), only needs to be dimensioned for a lowest temperature of, e.g., -5C. when the system of an aspect of this invention is used. According to an aspect of this invention, the hereby reduced heat de-mand is covered by using fusion heat energy of low temperatures.
An object of another aspect of the invention is to provide a simple, cheap and effective heat energy accumulator, which particularly makes it pos-sible to store large amounts of low temperature energy per unit of volume and which stored heat energy, in a simple way, may be transformed into useful heat energy in many different ways.
An ob~ect of a further aspect of the invention is to provide a heat-ing and climate equalizing system which not only makes it possible to reduce the need of high temperature energy during the cold season, but also allows cooling during hot summer days.
An object of sti]l another aspect of the invention is to be able to `
)996~94 use solar energy efficiently and to feed this energy to a heating system.
According to a first aspect of the invention, a heating and air conditioning system is provided for objects and spaces surrounded by a heat insulating outer covering, the system comprising: a ground accumulator for storing low temperature heat; a first heat exchanger system in heat exchang-ing contact with the ground accumulator; a second heat exchanger system which is positioned within the outer covering and embedded in a heat insulation layer thereof so as to be able to absorb transmission heat from both the out-side and the inside of the covering; a conduit system interconnecting the first and second heat exchanger systems, and adjustable pumping means for circulating a heat carrying fluid between the first and the second heat ex-changer systems via the conduit system, so as to transfer heat from the ground accumulator to the outer covering, and vice versa.
By another aspect of this invention, the heating and air condition-ing system includes a heat pump having an evaporator section which is arranged to absorb low temperature heat from the conduit system, and a condensor sec-tion which is arranged to supply heat to a system for direct heating of the space or ob~ect.
By another aspect, the heating and air conditioning system further includes a solar energy absorbing device, which is arranged to absorb solar radiation heat and to transfer the heat to the conduit system.
By a variant thereof, the ground accumulator comprises a water ab-sorbing mass arranged to allow freezing of the water contained therein.
By a variation thereof, the water absorbing mass contains a peat material.
By another variant, the heat carrying fluid is an aqueous mixture having a lower freezing point than water.
By still another variant, the second heat exchanger comprises a plurallty of parallel tubes for circu]ation of the heat carrying fluid.
By a further variant, the second heat exchanger system is aFranged ' ~ - 2 -~)95~6~4 ", on the outside of the centre, in a heat insulating sense, of the outer cover-ing.
By another variant of this invention, the second heat exchanger system extends over substantially the whole of the outer covering.
By yet another variant of this invention, the pumping means com-pri6es: a heat pump; circulation pumps; and controlled valve means arranged to permit transport of heat energy via the conduit system; so that at least one of solar energy and excess energy from the object or spaces and their en-vironment can be accumulated and accumulated energy, or solar energy be transmitted to the second heat exchanger system, which makes it possible to attaiu~a more uniform local distribution of heat energy, and a heat transfer from warmer to colder time periods and thereby an addition during colder per-iods of heat energy via the outer covering to the object or spaces, whichin its turn permits reduced dimensions of the system for direct heating of the space or object and of the heat pump.
By a variation thereof the circulation pumps are connected in parallel and on one side to one end of a conduit through the ground accumula-tor ant a conduit to a first valve of the valve means, and on a second side to a liquid tank being an integral part of the heat pump and a second valve of the valve means f and wherein one end of a conduit through the second heat exchanger system and one end of a conduit through a solar energy absorbing device are connected to the first valve, and the other end of the.conduit through the second heat exchanger system as well as a conduit via the tank to the first valve to whi.ch also the other end of the conduit is connected through the ground accumulator, are connected to the second valve.
By another aspect of this invention, 8 method is provided for heat-ing and air conditioning objects and spaces surrounded by a heat insulating outer côvering, comprising the steps of: withdrawing heat from a gound accum-ulator when the outside temperature is below free~ing, and supplying the heat to the surrounded space so as to raise the temperature thereof to freezing, a _~3 _.
~996~4 , and supplying the heat to the surrounded space so as to raise the temperature thereof to freezing temperature; and, when the outside temperature is above freezing, intercepting heat which is transmitted through the outer covering into or out of the surrounded space, and supplying the intercepted heat to a heat exchanger.
The fundamental idea of this aspect of the invention is to utilize an accumulator, in which heat energy of a low temperature, e.g. 0C., can be stored during cold periods, for example with ambient temperatures lower than 0C. Since the system of one aspect of this invention is to operate at tem-peratures below the freezing point-of water, a heat carrying fluid with a lower boiling point than water is used, e.g., freezing point depressed mix-tures of water and one or more alcohols, e.g., ethanol, glycol, etc.
As noted above, the low temperature energy accumulator of aspects of this invention may be formed in many different ways, but according to a preferred embodiment, the accumulator device has heat storing masses in the form of a porous, highly water absorbing material, e.g., with a water absorb-ing capacity of at least 70% and preferably 80 - 90%. Preferred water absorb-ing materials of aspects of this invention are peat litter and similar mater-ials. Since according to an aspect of the invention the accumulator is used for raising the temperature of a heat carrying fluid having a lower tempera-ture than 0C., the necessary heat for this temperature rise can be taken from water of 0C. being transformed into ice without any lowering of the temperature; in other words, the heat of freezing of the water is used, and because of the high water content in the accumulator it can store large ~ ... ., . _ ... . ..
amounts of low temperature energy (of 0C.) per unit of volume, for example 80 kWh/m3 storage volume when all the water freezes. The accumulator can be charged with heat from the sun, air, waste heat, water, the ground, etc., and the accumulator mass can be supplied with the heat directly, e.g. by convey-ing waste water, etc. to the accun~ tor or the sulrounding ground, or indi-~q~996~`4 ., rectly through tube systems, in which a heat carrying fluid is circulating,placed in the accumulator mass~ Energy is drawn from the accumulator via suitable-conduit systems having a circulating liquid or gas in them. The above-described heat exchanging system in,the outer covering of the ob~ect or the space to be heatèd draws heat from the accumulator at a low ambient tem-perature, but supplies the accumulator with heat during warm periods.
Apart from existing tube systems for the supply and withdrawal of heat energy, the material of the accumulator is mainly peat and waste matter, and neither walls nor insulation is necessary if the accumulator is placed in suitable ground layers, natural pits, in earth fences and the like. The accumulator may advantageously be arranged in swampy areas, which up to now as a rule have not had any special uses. Conduits leading to and from the accumulator are located to minimize heat losses, and the accumulator can be used for heat withdrawal or for cooling purposes during the whole year. It does normally not require any supervision or renewal, but any damage to the tubes that may occur can easily be located and repaired. The accumulator de-vice can be divided into the desired number of elements or separate sections ant connected in series and in parallel for different purposes and tempera-ture levels, and it is otherwise characterized by flexibility concerning adaption to ground conditions as well as to size and shape.
According to another aspect of the invention, a so-called heat pump is used for heating the ob~ect or space, wherein the heat pump by means of suitable tubing systems can be fed with low temperature energy from the ac-cumulator device and/or the conduit system of the outer covering and trans-; form this low temperature energy into high temperature energy for heàting purposes. Such heat pumps have up to now practically exclusively been used as a complementary heat source, but owing to the reduced need of high tem-perature energy in the system according to aspects of the invention the heat pump may be responsible for all or the main part of this energy. The heat `` - 4 a -.'', ' , '' ~, ~
.
' '' ' ~ ' ' .
6~4 , from the outlet side of the heat pump ls utili~ed in a conventional way via heat exchangers, and the liquid or gas heated in this way is then made to heat the ob~ect or space in question by means of a suitable heat distribution system.
Thus, by this aspect of the invention, a heat pump, which is arranged to heat theobject or space, is c,onnected to the conduit system.
By one variant thereof circulation pumps and controlled valve - 4 b -1(~996~4 means are arranged to permit transport of heat energy between the different devices via the conduit system, so that solar energy and excess energy from the object or spaces and their environment can be accumulated and accumulated energy and/or solar ener~y be t~an~mltted to the heat exchanger system in the outer covering; thereby making it possible to a~tain, on one hand, a more uniform local distribution of heat energy, and, on the other hand, a heat transfer from warmer to colder time periods and thereby an addition during colder periods of heat energy via the outer covering to the object or spaces, which in its turn permits reduced dimensions of the heat distribution plant and the heat pump.
By another variant, the pumps are connected in parallel and on one side to one end of a conduit through the heat accumulator and a conduit to a first valve means, and on a second side to a liquid tank being an integral part of the heat pump and a second valve means; and one end of a conduit through the heat exchanger system in the outer covering and one end of a conduit through the solar energy absorbing device are connected to the first valve means, and the other end of the conduit through the heat exchanger system as well as a conduit via the tank to the first valve means, to which also the other end of the conduit through the heat accumulator i9 connected, are connected to the second valve means.
According to a further aspect of the invention, the system is complemented with solar energy absorbing devices, which via suitable conduits with a heat carrying fluid can be connected to the heat exchanger system of the outer covering and/or the accumulator device and/or the heat pump system. The solar energy absorbing devices may not only be utilized to supply the heat pump with energy and to bring energy to the accumulator (to melt ice and to heat water and accumulator mass) and in this way reduce the necessary size of the accumulator, but they may also during many days and periods serve as the only energy source.
- ' .
1~996~4 If desired they may also be used for preheating water and for hot water ,, ._ production, mainly during the sumnler half-year.
Thus, by this aspect of the invention, a solar energy absorbing device is connected to the conduit system.
By a variant thereof, the solar energy absorbing device is formed as a preferably injection-molded panel, provided with a closed cavity containing, on one hand, a liquid or a wet mass, which stands for low temperatures without causing frost-cracking of the panel, and, on the other hand, tubes through which the heat carrying fluid circu-lates, connected to the conduit system.
In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a section view, which schematically shows the fun-damental principle of an aspect of this invention applied to a building;
Figures 2 and 3 correspond to Figure 1 and show a system of another aspect of this invention complemented with a heat pump and a solar energy absorber, respectively;
Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a heat exchanging insulating mat used in the system of an aspect of this invention;
Figure 5 is a sectional view taken along A-A in Figure 4;
Figure 6 is a schematic sectional view showing an embodiment of an accumulator device for the system according to an aspect of the invention;
Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of a solar energy absorber, which may be used in the system according to another aspect of the inven-tion;
Figure 8 is a sectional view, which schematically shows a com-bined ventilation and hot air system according to yet ancther aspect of the invention;
3~ Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of a heat pump heat exchanger intended for the system according to Figure 8; and 1(~996(~4 Figure 10 is a schematic sectional view illustrating different operating positions for the heating and climate equali7ing system accor-ding to still another aspect of the invention.
The basic components of the heating system according to an aspect of the invention appear from Figure 1 showing a house building provided with a heat exchanging conduit system 1 in walls and roof and a heat energy accumulator 2. The conduit system 1 is suitably placed in the outer insulating layer of the house. The roof part la of the system may, for example, be arranged between the roof trusses nearest to the roof facing, while its wall portion lb is arranged between the wall ~oists nearest to the facade facing. The heat exchanger system 1 is via tubings 3 and a circulation pump 4 in communication with the heat energy accumulator 2, the purpose of the circulation pump 4 being to transport heat carrying fluid between the heat exchanger system 1 and the accumu-lator 2.
It is apparent to a person skilled in the art that the detailed formation of the heat exchanger system 1 can be varied in many different ways, and the only critical feature of the system is that it shall be able to transmit heat between the fluid circulating in the conduit system la, lb and the wall!roof portions surrounding the system.
The system should, of course, be arranged as regularly as possible and in a heat transmitting sense cover the whole roof and wall surfaces of the house. According to a preferred embodiment of an aspect of this invention, the conduit system 1 i9 formed as prefabricated blocks, which are interconnected at the assemblage. An example of a suitable arrange-ment of the conduit system 1 is shown in Figures 4 and 5. In this embodiment, a plurality of parallel tubes 5 with common collecting tubes 6 and connecting tubes 7 are arranged in a mat 8 of an insulating material, e.g., mineral wool. The tubes 5 t6, 7~ may be smooth or flanged, round or flat, and they may, for example, be made of a plastic material, The insulating mat 8 with the inserted tubes is suitably ~3sa6~4 surrounded by a covering ~ of, e.g., tar board, plastic film, etc., and the tubes 5, 6, 7 are preferably fixed in the mat 8, e.g., by means of thread stitching 10. The tubes 5, 6, 7 need, of course, not be connec-ted in parallel, but one may, for example, in each mat 8 use only one tube extending in zig-zag form through the whole mat. The connecting tubes 7, through which an energy carrying fluid, for example, freezing point depressed water, is fed and removed, are coupled to a correspon-ding tube in an ad~acent mat or are connected to suitable conduits with a connection to the accumulator 2.
The accumulator 2 shown schematically in Figure 1 is buried in the ground in association with the house; it may, e.g. be placed under the house. In the heating system according to an aspect of the invention, one of the main functions of the accumulator 2 is to supply the heat exchanger system 1 (and thereby also the house) with low temperature energy during cold periods, it being possible to use other-wise not usable energy for this purpose, e.g., from waste water, the surrounding ground, ventilating air, etc. According to a preferred embodiment of this aspect of the invention, the accumulator 2 is then provided with a storage mass having a high water content,through which it is possible to use the heat of fusion of the water practically and thereby to reduce the volume of the accumulator. The accumulator 2 may in this case, e.g., be formed as is shown in Figure 6, where it is built up by one or more relatively deep layers 11 of a water absorbing material, e.g., peat or peat litter. Through the water absorbing layer 11, the desired number of heat exchanger tubes or channels, in which a heat carrying fluid is circulating, extend. In Figure 6 air channels 12 and liquid conduits 13 are shown schematically. The air channels 12 may, e.g., be used for preheating ventilating air, outside air being taken in at 14, preheated i~ tXe channel 12 and passed on to the place of use ~or preheated further) via a conduit 15. According to a preferred embo-diment of this aspect of the invention, the heat exchanger tubes 13 are 8 - ~
~996~4 placed in outer tubes 16 ~illed with a buffer liquid having a lower free7ing point than water. In th;s way the device~ are prevented from bursting because of the frost, and repairs and building constructions in the winter time are possible. The freezing point depressed heat carrying liquid in the tubes 13 is supplied through feed conduits 17 and, after heat exchange, is taken out through conduits 18. Under certain conditions and to cover the tubes, it is necessary to add creshed forest waste as well as bark, which also may be used to protect the conduits 17, 18. Each element with tubes as well as surrounding layers of peat, etc. may be enclosed in a plastic film bag B, but this is not necessary in most cases.
The above-described accumulator device functions in the following way. A liquid or a gas, which continuously is deprived of heat and thereby acquires a lower temperature than the temperature in the accumulator device, is pumped through the inner tubes 13 and the air channels 12, respectively. The fluid is then heated continuously a few degrees and heat energy may be taken out from the accumulator device as long as there is unfrozen water in it. If the fluid through the tubes 13 and channels 12 have a higher temperature than the accumulator device, energy is supplied thereto, the ice volume being reduced ~or the tempera-ture being increased~. The same thing happens when waste water, ground water, bottom water from a lake, a bog or the like is pumped or infil-trated to the accumulator, e.g. via inlet and outlet tubes 19 inserted in a filter 20 between the elements of the accumulator device. The tubes 19 are, e.g., perforated tubes of a plastic or corresponding material, and the filter may consist of sand, bark, forest waste, peat litter or a mixture of these materials depending on the ground, etc. Especially if the accumulator device is fully or partly used for preheating and cooling, respectively, of inlet and outlet air, the element sections may be enclosed in plastic film bags B and arranged dryly with interspaces, which are left open or are filled with a suitable coarse gravel or stone _ g _ :
lU9~4 material.
It is easily understood that the details of the formation of the heat exchanger devices of the accumulator according to aspects of this invention as well as the use of the transmitted heat energy may be varied in many different ways. Owing to the arrangement of the accumu-lator for utilization of the heat of fusion of the ice, one can preserve an ice store in the accumulator until the end of the summer, and in this way a draughtless lowering of the room temperature during warm summer days can be attained with only a pump. Moreover, one can easily attain temperature stable cold spaces without other additional mechanical equip-ment than tube coils and small liquid pumps, which can be thermostati-cally controlled. Furthermore, the channel system 12 may, for example, be formed in such a way that a fan blows outside air through the accumu-lator during mild weather days to charge it through ice melting.
Referring again-to Figure 1, the apparatus shown therein with a heat exchanger system 1 and an accumulator 2 is especially intended as a complement to primary heat sources (not shown in Figure 1), substan-tially free of co~qt waste and with ambient heat of low temperature being utilized. The primary heating may be done by means of any conventional heat source (e.g., co~e and oil heating, electric heating, municipal heating, etc.), the combination of heat exchanger system 1 and accumula-tor 2 considerably reducing the energy demand from the primary heat source, so that also the dimensioning of the heat distribution system for the primary heat source may be reduced considerably. For a house in central Sweden, it is possible to reduce the total energy demand by 40%
with the apparatus according to Figure l.
According to a further preferred embodiment of an aspect of the invention, which is illustrated in Figure 2, the apparatus shown in Figure 1 is combined with a so-called heat pump 21, which, in a conven-tional way, converts low temperature energy to energy of a higher tempera-ture, which may be used for, e.g., house heating. The heat pump 21, ~9~6~4 which may be supplied with low ternperature energy from the system 1, 2, 3 via conducts 22, supplies a heat (1istribution system 24 ~e.g. for air or water heating) with heat via a heat exchanger 23. The heat pump 21 may also advantageously be used for heating household hot water, to ke~p spaces for food storage temperature stable in the summertime, for drying air, etc. With the apparatus shown in Figure 2, the energy demand for a central Swedish dwelling house may be reduced by 70%, but the demand of additional energy may be reduced further ~totally 80%) by combining the apparatus according to Figure 2 ~alternatively Figure 1) with a solar energy absorber 25 which, in the case as shown, is placed on the h~use wall, but which also may be arranged on the house roof or separately. The solar energy absorber 25 is connected via suitable con-duits ~in Figure 3 marked with 48 and 49) to the accumulator 2 and the heat pump 21. It suitably also communicates with the tybe system 1 and may, for example, form a part of this tube system. The solar energy absorber 25, which absorbs solar energy and gives it off to the accumu-lator 2 and/or the heat pump 21 and/or the tube system 1 via a heat carrying fluid, may be formed in a conventional way, e.g., with heat _ exchanger tubes arranged in the caustic surface of reflectors, or may be specially made for the purpose in question.
In Figure 7, a preferred embodiment of the solar energy absorber 25 useful in an aspect of this invention is shown, which in this case includes a profile 26 with an inner cavity 27. The profile 26 which suitably is made of a heat insulating material, e.g., a transparent plastic with air cells, may be iniection molded. The cavity 27 is filled with a liquid standing low temperatures without causing frost cracking of the profile, e.g., freezing point depressed water. The liquid may possibly be absorbed in a liquid absorbing mass. Through the cavity 27 also one or more heat exchanger tubes 28, in which the heat carrying fluid circulates, extend. The tubes 28 may be injection molded simul-taneously with the profile 26 or be separated from it and made of another , 1~996C14 material. The described ~rafi~e or panel is preferably formed as a roof or wall facing, and it is well suited for collecting solar energy which is transmitted via the water mass in the tubes 28. Furthermore, lost heat in the form of transmission energy from a covered wall (or roof) may be recovered, and the panel may advantageously be built-in in the above-described tube system 1.
In the combination shown in ~igure 2 of a tube system 1, an accumulator 2 and a het pump 21, the heat pump may~ as mentioned above, be utilized for heating in many different ways. In Fi~ure 8, an example of an air heating system is shown, in which the air is heated by both the accumulator 2 and the heat pump 21 and preferably also by the solar energy absorber 25. A fan 29 blows in cold air through a plurality of tubes 30, e.g., thin-walled plastic tubes extending through the accumula-tor 2, the air being preheated in it. The tubes 30 debouch in a larger perforated tube 31, which suitably is placed in a coil immediately under the floor. In the tube 31 the air from the tubes 30 is heated by heat from the heat pump 21. A preferred way of effecting this heat exchange is to place a water filled tube 32, in which a condenser tube 33 from the heat pump is arranged, in the tube 31. In the tube 32 one suitably also places a feed water conduit 34 for hot water heating and a conduit 35 supplying heat from the solar energy absorbers 25 (see Figure 9).
The fresh air heated in the tube 31 is fed into the space to be heated,for example, through slits 36 in the floor. The air is preferably let out through a channel system 37 at the inner side of the outer covering. Before it is led out from, for example, a barrel 38 on the roof, it is suitably also made to pass a heat exchanging channel or tube system 39, which is arranged nearer the outside of the outer covering in a corresponding way as the above-described system 1. Before the air is led out-it may be deprived of still more heat if the evaporator of the heat pump is placed directly or indirectly in the air s~ream. Alter-natively it may be led down again into the accumulator 2 and heat exchanged ; - 12 -1~996~
against instreaming ~resh air.
Figure 10 shows a complete heating and climate equaliæing system of yet another aspect of this inven~ion with a heat exchanger system 1, an accumulator 2, a heat pump 21 and a solar energy absorber 25. In this case the heat pump 21 includes inter alia a compressor 40, a condenser 41, an expansion valve 42, and an evaporator 43, which is arranged for heat exchange in a liquid tank 44. The tank 44 may advan-tageously be formed as directly energy absorbing, e.g., of solar energy, or as elements arranged to be placed in animal stables, etc. for drying of air and recovery of excess heat.
Figure 10 shows some examples of how, depending on the season and the heat demand, one can choose different operating positions and use different combinations of the systems 1, 2, 21 and 25 in an optimal way. The fine regulation is then done in a known way with start and stop, etc., via thermostats. The designations Ll, L2, etc., in Figure 10 indicate the parts of the conduit system that are connected in the different operating positions, the designations 45 and 46 indicate suitable switch valves, and Pl and P2 indicate pumps for circulation of a heat carrying fluid in the system.
_perating position la. The pump Pl is started and pumps liquid through the conduits designated by Ll. The result in this operating position will be a temperature equalization between the different parts of the outer covering, e.g., from roof to northern wall.
Operating position-lb. Corresponds to operating position, but heat energy from the solar energy absorber 25 is added.
Operating position 2. Corresponds to operating position lb, but the heat carrying fluid passes the tank 44 and the compressor 40 is started. Heat is taken from 1 and 25. In addition operating heat from the compressor 40 is added. The heat is brought to the spaces 47 via a heat distribution plant 48 of a known kind.
.. .. . . .. . . ..
Operating position 3a. Corresponds to operating position 2, 10996~4 but the temperatu~e in 1 and 25 becomes "uneconomicall~" low and may under certain conditions cause deposition of moisture at a full heat outtake, for which reason also the accumulator 2 is connected. The temperature in 1 and 25 is then limited to not less than -5C.
Operating position 3b. In case of severe cold the heat absorbing capacity is increased by connecting the second pump P2, which also is a reserve pump. In practice the heat absorbing surfaces of the accumulator are increased at first hand. The heat from the accumulator is then not only sufficient for supplying the heat pump system with energy, but in addition - which makes the invention in its broadest aspects epoch-making - 1 is supplied with the necessary heat energy between the temperatures -5C. and -1C., taken when water is freezing in 2, so that the heat losses from 1 against the outside air and the severe cold can be compensated.
Operating position 4. The pump Pl circulates the liquid through 2 and 44, when 44 tends to get too warm. In this way an unneces-sary high pressure in the heat pump 21 is substantially prevented, This is a kind of position of rest in the summertime, when a smaller amount of liquid, when necessary, is cooled for certain purposes, such as for cooled spaces, cellars, etc.
Operating position 5a. At a high load within the spaces 47 heat is taken from l, which through circulation is brought to the accumu-lator 2. A draught-free lowering o the temperature or a maintained desired temperature is then obtained in 47.
Operating position 5b. The accumulator 2 is supplied with heat from Z5.
Operating position 6. At an extra high heat load, e.g., in hot weather, lots of people, heating processes, machines, etc., the compressor 40 is started. Heat is taken from 1. The condenser cooling in the heat pump system 21 is switched over to 2 ~not shown) or to coils for earth heating, heting of pool water, etc. instead of heating the spaçes 47.
The prebent invention relates to a heating and climate equalizing system for objects or spaces surrounded by a heat insulating outer covering.
In one particular aspect, this invention relates to house buildings, which are heated by known heat distribution apparatus, for example by water heat and/or by air heat conduits with their associated heat bodies. Such heat distribution apparatus are at present scaled on the basis of the lowest ambient temperature during the year, for example, expressed as a 24-hour average temperature. This scaling leads to high initial and operating costs, since the apparatus is over-scaled during the main part of the year.
An object of one aspect of the present invention is to make it pos-sible to scale heat distribution apparatus of the above-mentioned kind for an ostensible ambient temperature which is considerably higher than the actual lowest 24-hour average temperature. As an example, it may be mentioned that a heat distribution apparatus, which with the hitherto used technique must be scaled for a lowest 24-hour average temperature of -20C. (which is the ca8e for large parts of Sweden), only needs to be dimensioned for a lowest temperature of, e.g., -5C. when the system of an aspect of this invention is used. According to an aspect of this invention, the hereby reduced heat de-mand is covered by using fusion heat energy of low temperatures.
An object of another aspect of the invention is to provide a simple, cheap and effective heat energy accumulator, which particularly makes it pos-sible to store large amounts of low temperature energy per unit of volume and which stored heat energy, in a simple way, may be transformed into useful heat energy in many different ways.
An ob~ect of a further aspect of the invention is to provide a heat-ing and climate equalizing system which not only makes it possible to reduce the need of high temperature energy during the cold season, but also allows cooling during hot summer days.
An object of sti]l another aspect of the invention is to be able to `
)996~94 use solar energy efficiently and to feed this energy to a heating system.
According to a first aspect of the invention, a heating and air conditioning system is provided for objects and spaces surrounded by a heat insulating outer covering, the system comprising: a ground accumulator for storing low temperature heat; a first heat exchanger system in heat exchang-ing contact with the ground accumulator; a second heat exchanger system which is positioned within the outer covering and embedded in a heat insulation layer thereof so as to be able to absorb transmission heat from both the out-side and the inside of the covering; a conduit system interconnecting the first and second heat exchanger systems, and adjustable pumping means for circulating a heat carrying fluid between the first and the second heat ex-changer systems via the conduit system, so as to transfer heat from the ground accumulator to the outer covering, and vice versa.
By another aspect of this invention, the heating and air condition-ing system includes a heat pump having an evaporator section which is arranged to absorb low temperature heat from the conduit system, and a condensor sec-tion which is arranged to supply heat to a system for direct heating of the space or ob~ect.
By another aspect, the heating and air conditioning system further includes a solar energy absorbing device, which is arranged to absorb solar radiation heat and to transfer the heat to the conduit system.
By a variant thereof, the ground accumulator comprises a water ab-sorbing mass arranged to allow freezing of the water contained therein.
By a variation thereof, the water absorbing mass contains a peat material.
By another variant, the heat carrying fluid is an aqueous mixture having a lower freezing point than water.
By still another variant, the second heat exchanger comprises a plurallty of parallel tubes for circu]ation of the heat carrying fluid.
By a further variant, the second heat exchanger system is aFranged ' ~ - 2 -~)95~6~4 ", on the outside of the centre, in a heat insulating sense, of the outer cover-ing.
By another variant of this invention, the second heat exchanger system extends over substantially the whole of the outer covering.
By yet another variant of this invention, the pumping means com-pri6es: a heat pump; circulation pumps; and controlled valve means arranged to permit transport of heat energy via the conduit system; so that at least one of solar energy and excess energy from the object or spaces and their en-vironment can be accumulated and accumulated energy, or solar energy be transmitted to the second heat exchanger system, which makes it possible to attaiu~a more uniform local distribution of heat energy, and a heat transfer from warmer to colder time periods and thereby an addition during colder per-iods of heat energy via the outer covering to the object or spaces, whichin its turn permits reduced dimensions of the system for direct heating of the space or object and of the heat pump.
By a variation thereof the circulation pumps are connected in parallel and on one side to one end of a conduit through the ground accumula-tor ant a conduit to a first valve of the valve means, and on a second side to a liquid tank being an integral part of the heat pump and a second valve of the valve means f and wherein one end of a conduit through the second heat exchanger system and one end of a conduit through a solar energy absorbing device are connected to the first valve, and the other end of the.conduit through the second heat exchanger system as well as a conduit via the tank to the first valve to whi.ch also the other end of the conduit is connected through the ground accumulator, are connected to the second valve.
By another aspect of this invention, 8 method is provided for heat-ing and air conditioning objects and spaces surrounded by a heat insulating outer côvering, comprising the steps of: withdrawing heat from a gound accum-ulator when the outside temperature is below free~ing, and supplying the heat to the surrounded space so as to raise the temperature thereof to freezing, a _~3 _.
~996~4 , and supplying the heat to the surrounded space so as to raise the temperature thereof to freezing temperature; and, when the outside temperature is above freezing, intercepting heat which is transmitted through the outer covering into or out of the surrounded space, and supplying the intercepted heat to a heat exchanger.
The fundamental idea of this aspect of the invention is to utilize an accumulator, in which heat energy of a low temperature, e.g. 0C., can be stored during cold periods, for example with ambient temperatures lower than 0C. Since the system of one aspect of this invention is to operate at tem-peratures below the freezing point-of water, a heat carrying fluid with a lower boiling point than water is used, e.g., freezing point depressed mix-tures of water and one or more alcohols, e.g., ethanol, glycol, etc.
As noted above, the low temperature energy accumulator of aspects of this invention may be formed in many different ways, but according to a preferred embodiment, the accumulator device has heat storing masses in the form of a porous, highly water absorbing material, e.g., with a water absorb-ing capacity of at least 70% and preferably 80 - 90%. Preferred water absorb-ing materials of aspects of this invention are peat litter and similar mater-ials. Since according to an aspect of the invention the accumulator is used for raising the temperature of a heat carrying fluid having a lower tempera-ture than 0C., the necessary heat for this temperature rise can be taken from water of 0C. being transformed into ice without any lowering of the temperature; in other words, the heat of freezing of the water is used, and because of the high water content in the accumulator it can store large ~ ... ., . _ ... . ..
amounts of low temperature energy (of 0C.) per unit of volume, for example 80 kWh/m3 storage volume when all the water freezes. The accumulator can be charged with heat from the sun, air, waste heat, water, the ground, etc., and the accumulator mass can be supplied with the heat directly, e.g. by convey-ing waste water, etc. to the accun~ tor or the sulrounding ground, or indi-~q~996~`4 ., rectly through tube systems, in which a heat carrying fluid is circulating,placed in the accumulator mass~ Energy is drawn from the accumulator via suitable-conduit systems having a circulating liquid or gas in them. The above-described heat exchanging system in,the outer covering of the ob~ect or the space to be heatèd draws heat from the accumulator at a low ambient tem-perature, but supplies the accumulator with heat during warm periods.
Apart from existing tube systems for the supply and withdrawal of heat energy, the material of the accumulator is mainly peat and waste matter, and neither walls nor insulation is necessary if the accumulator is placed in suitable ground layers, natural pits, in earth fences and the like. The accumulator may advantageously be arranged in swampy areas, which up to now as a rule have not had any special uses. Conduits leading to and from the accumulator are located to minimize heat losses, and the accumulator can be used for heat withdrawal or for cooling purposes during the whole year. It does normally not require any supervision or renewal, but any damage to the tubes that may occur can easily be located and repaired. The accumulator de-vice can be divided into the desired number of elements or separate sections ant connected in series and in parallel for different purposes and tempera-ture levels, and it is otherwise characterized by flexibility concerning adaption to ground conditions as well as to size and shape.
According to another aspect of the invention, a so-called heat pump is used for heating the ob~ect or space, wherein the heat pump by means of suitable tubing systems can be fed with low temperature energy from the ac-cumulator device and/or the conduit system of the outer covering and trans-; form this low temperature energy into high temperature energy for heàting purposes. Such heat pumps have up to now practically exclusively been used as a complementary heat source, but owing to the reduced need of high tem-perature energy in the system according to aspects of the invention the heat pump may be responsible for all or the main part of this energy. The heat `` - 4 a -.'', ' , '' ~, ~
.
' '' ' ~ ' ' .
6~4 , from the outlet side of the heat pump ls utili~ed in a conventional way via heat exchangers, and the liquid or gas heated in this way is then made to heat the ob~ect or space in question by means of a suitable heat distribution system.
Thus, by this aspect of the invention, a heat pump, which is arranged to heat theobject or space, is c,onnected to the conduit system.
By one variant thereof circulation pumps and controlled valve - 4 b -1(~996~4 means are arranged to permit transport of heat energy between the different devices via the conduit system, so that solar energy and excess energy from the object or spaces and their environment can be accumulated and accumulated energy and/or solar ener~y be t~an~mltted to the heat exchanger system in the outer covering; thereby making it possible to a~tain, on one hand, a more uniform local distribution of heat energy, and, on the other hand, a heat transfer from warmer to colder time periods and thereby an addition during colder periods of heat energy via the outer covering to the object or spaces, which in its turn permits reduced dimensions of the heat distribution plant and the heat pump.
By another variant, the pumps are connected in parallel and on one side to one end of a conduit through the heat accumulator and a conduit to a first valve means, and on a second side to a liquid tank being an integral part of the heat pump and a second valve means; and one end of a conduit through the heat exchanger system in the outer covering and one end of a conduit through the solar energy absorbing device are connected to the first valve means, and the other end of the conduit through the heat exchanger system as well as a conduit via the tank to the first valve means, to which also the other end of the conduit through the heat accumulator i9 connected, are connected to the second valve means.
According to a further aspect of the invention, the system is complemented with solar energy absorbing devices, which via suitable conduits with a heat carrying fluid can be connected to the heat exchanger system of the outer covering and/or the accumulator device and/or the heat pump system. The solar energy absorbing devices may not only be utilized to supply the heat pump with energy and to bring energy to the accumulator (to melt ice and to heat water and accumulator mass) and in this way reduce the necessary size of the accumulator, but they may also during many days and periods serve as the only energy source.
- ' .
1~996~4 If desired they may also be used for preheating water and for hot water ,, ._ production, mainly during the sumnler half-year.
Thus, by this aspect of the invention, a solar energy absorbing device is connected to the conduit system.
By a variant thereof, the solar energy absorbing device is formed as a preferably injection-molded panel, provided with a closed cavity containing, on one hand, a liquid or a wet mass, which stands for low temperatures without causing frost-cracking of the panel, and, on the other hand, tubes through which the heat carrying fluid circu-lates, connected to the conduit system.
In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a section view, which schematically shows the fun-damental principle of an aspect of this invention applied to a building;
Figures 2 and 3 correspond to Figure 1 and show a system of another aspect of this invention complemented with a heat pump and a solar energy absorber, respectively;
Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a heat exchanging insulating mat used in the system of an aspect of this invention;
Figure 5 is a sectional view taken along A-A in Figure 4;
Figure 6 is a schematic sectional view showing an embodiment of an accumulator device for the system according to an aspect of the invention;
Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of a solar energy absorber, which may be used in the system according to another aspect of the inven-tion;
Figure 8 is a sectional view, which schematically shows a com-bined ventilation and hot air system according to yet ancther aspect of the invention;
3~ Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of a heat pump heat exchanger intended for the system according to Figure 8; and 1(~996(~4 Figure 10 is a schematic sectional view illustrating different operating positions for the heating and climate equali7ing system accor-ding to still another aspect of the invention.
The basic components of the heating system according to an aspect of the invention appear from Figure 1 showing a house building provided with a heat exchanging conduit system 1 in walls and roof and a heat energy accumulator 2. The conduit system 1 is suitably placed in the outer insulating layer of the house. The roof part la of the system may, for example, be arranged between the roof trusses nearest to the roof facing, while its wall portion lb is arranged between the wall ~oists nearest to the facade facing. The heat exchanger system 1 is via tubings 3 and a circulation pump 4 in communication with the heat energy accumulator 2, the purpose of the circulation pump 4 being to transport heat carrying fluid between the heat exchanger system 1 and the accumu-lator 2.
It is apparent to a person skilled in the art that the detailed formation of the heat exchanger system 1 can be varied in many different ways, and the only critical feature of the system is that it shall be able to transmit heat between the fluid circulating in the conduit system la, lb and the wall!roof portions surrounding the system.
The system should, of course, be arranged as regularly as possible and in a heat transmitting sense cover the whole roof and wall surfaces of the house. According to a preferred embodiment of an aspect of this invention, the conduit system 1 i9 formed as prefabricated blocks, which are interconnected at the assemblage. An example of a suitable arrange-ment of the conduit system 1 is shown in Figures 4 and 5. In this embodiment, a plurality of parallel tubes 5 with common collecting tubes 6 and connecting tubes 7 are arranged in a mat 8 of an insulating material, e.g., mineral wool. The tubes 5 t6, 7~ may be smooth or flanged, round or flat, and they may, for example, be made of a plastic material, The insulating mat 8 with the inserted tubes is suitably ~3sa6~4 surrounded by a covering ~ of, e.g., tar board, plastic film, etc., and the tubes 5, 6, 7 are preferably fixed in the mat 8, e.g., by means of thread stitching 10. The tubes 5, 6, 7 need, of course, not be connec-ted in parallel, but one may, for example, in each mat 8 use only one tube extending in zig-zag form through the whole mat. The connecting tubes 7, through which an energy carrying fluid, for example, freezing point depressed water, is fed and removed, are coupled to a correspon-ding tube in an ad~acent mat or are connected to suitable conduits with a connection to the accumulator 2.
The accumulator 2 shown schematically in Figure 1 is buried in the ground in association with the house; it may, e.g. be placed under the house. In the heating system according to an aspect of the invention, one of the main functions of the accumulator 2 is to supply the heat exchanger system 1 (and thereby also the house) with low temperature energy during cold periods, it being possible to use other-wise not usable energy for this purpose, e.g., from waste water, the surrounding ground, ventilating air, etc. According to a preferred embodiment of this aspect of the invention, the accumulator 2 is then provided with a storage mass having a high water content,through which it is possible to use the heat of fusion of the water practically and thereby to reduce the volume of the accumulator. The accumulator 2 may in this case, e.g., be formed as is shown in Figure 6, where it is built up by one or more relatively deep layers 11 of a water absorbing material, e.g., peat or peat litter. Through the water absorbing layer 11, the desired number of heat exchanger tubes or channels, in which a heat carrying fluid is circulating, extend. In Figure 6 air channels 12 and liquid conduits 13 are shown schematically. The air channels 12 may, e.g., be used for preheating ventilating air, outside air being taken in at 14, preheated i~ tXe channel 12 and passed on to the place of use ~or preheated further) via a conduit 15. According to a preferred embo-diment of this aspect of the invention, the heat exchanger tubes 13 are 8 - ~
~996~4 placed in outer tubes 16 ~illed with a buffer liquid having a lower free7ing point than water. In th;s way the device~ are prevented from bursting because of the frost, and repairs and building constructions in the winter time are possible. The freezing point depressed heat carrying liquid in the tubes 13 is supplied through feed conduits 17 and, after heat exchange, is taken out through conduits 18. Under certain conditions and to cover the tubes, it is necessary to add creshed forest waste as well as bark, which also may be used to protect the conduits 17, 18. Each element with tubes as well as surrounding layers of peat, etc. may be enclosed in a plastic film bag B, but this is not necessary in most cases.
The above-described accumulator device functions in the following way. A liquid or a gas, which continuously is deprived of heat and thereby acquires a lower temperature than the temperature in the accumulator device, is pumped through the inner tubes 13 and the air channels 12, respectively. The fluid is then heated continuously a few degrees and heat energy may be taken out from the accumulator device as long as there is unfrozen water in it. If the fluid through the tubes 13 and channels 12 have a higher temperature than the accumulator device, energy is supplied thereto, the ice volume being reduced ~or the tempera-ture being increased~. The same thing happens when waste water, ground water, bottom water from a lake, a bog or the like is pumped or infil-trated to the accumulator, e.g. via inlet and outlet tubes 19 inserted in a filter 20 between the elements of the accumulator device. The tubes 19 are, e.g., perforated tubes of a plastic or corresponding material, and the filter may consist of sand, bark, forest waste, peat litter or a mixture of these materials depending on the ground, etc. Especially if the accumulator device is fully or partly used for preheating and cooling, respectively, of inlet and outlet air, the element sections may be enclosed in plastic film bags B and arranged dryly with interspaces, which are left open or are filled with a suitable coarse gravel or stone _ g _ :
lU9~4 material.
It is easily understood that the details of the formation of the heat exchanger devices of the accumulator according to aspects of this invention as well as the use of the transmitted heat energy may be varied in many different ways. Owing to the arrangement of the accumu-lator for utilization of the heat of fusion of the ice, one can preserve an ice store in the accumulator until the end of the summer, and in this way a draughtless lowering of the room temperature during warm summer days can be attained with only a pump. Moreover, one can easily attain temperature stable cold spaces without other additional mechanical equip-ment than tube coils and small liquid pumps, which can be thermostati-cally controlled. Furthermore, the channel system 12 may, for example, be formed in such a way that a fan blows outside air through the accumu-lator during mild weather days to charge it through ice melting.
Referring again-to Figure 1, the apparatus shown therein with a heat exchanger system 1 and an accumulator 2 is especially intended as a complement to primary heat sources (not shown in Figure 1), substan-tially free of co~qt waste and with ambient heat of low temperature being utilized. The primary heating may be done by means of any conventional heat source (e.g., co~e and oil heating, electric heating, municipal heating, etc.), the combination of heat exchanger system 1 and accumula-tor 2 considerably reducing the energy demand from the primary heat source, so that also the dimensioning of the heat distribution system for the primary heat source may be reduced considerably. For a house in central Sweden, it is possible to reduce the total energy demand by 40%
with the apparatus according to Figure l.
According to a further preferred embodiment of an aspect of the invention, which is illustrated in Figure 2, the apparatus shown in Figure 1 is combined with a so-called heat pump 21, which, in a conven-tional way, converts low temperature energy to energy of a higher tempera-ture, which may be used for, e.g., house heating. The heat pump 21, ~9~6~4 which may be supplied with low ternperature energy from the system 1, 2, 3 via conducts 22, supplies a heat (1istribution system 24 ~e.g. for air or water heating) with heat via a heat exchanger 23. The heat pump 21 may also advantageously be used for heating household hot water, to ke~p spaces for food storage temperature stable in the summertime, for drying air, etc. With the apparatus shown in Figure 2, the energy demand for a central Swedish dwelling house may be reduced by 70%, but the demand of additional energy may be reduced further ~totally 80%) by combining the apparatus according to Figure 2 ~alternatively Figure 1) with a solar energy absorber 25 which, in the case as shown, is placed on the h~use wall, but which also may be arranged on the house roof or separately. The solar energy absorber 25 is connected via suitable con-duits ~in Figure 3 marked with 48 and 49) to the accumulator 2 and the heat pump 21. It suitably also communicates with the tybe system 1 and may, for example, form a part of this tube system. The solar energy absorber 25, which absorbs solar energy and gives it off to the accumu-lator 2 and/or the heat pump 21 and/or the tube system 1 via a heat carrying fluid, may be formed in a conventional way, e.g., with heat _ exchanger tubes arranged in the caustic surface of reflectors, or may be specially made for the purpose in question.
In Figure 7, a preferred embodiment of the solar energy absorber 25 useful in an aspect of this invention is shown, which in this case includes a profile 26 with an inner cavity 27. The profile 26 which suitably is made of a heat insulating material, e.g., a transparent plastic with air cells, may be iniection molded. The cavity 27 is filled with a liquid standing low temperatures without causing frost cracking of the profile, e.g., freezing point depressed water. The liquid may possibly be absorbed in a liquid absorbing mass. Through the cavity 27 also one or more heat exchanger tubes 28, in which the heat carrying fluid circulates, extend. The tubes 28 may be injection molded simul-taneously with the profile 26 or be separated from it and made of another , 1~996C14 material. The described ~rafi~e or panel is preferably formed as a roof or wall facing, and it is well suited for collecting solar energy which is transmitted via the water mass in the tubes 28. Furthermore, lost heat in the form of transmission energy from a covered wall (or roof) may be recovered, and the panel may advantageously be built-in in the above-described tube system 1.
In the combination shown in ~igure 2 of a tube system 1, an accumulator 2 and a het pump 21, the heat pump may~ as mentioned above, be utilized for heating in many different ways. In Fi~ure 8, an example of an air heating system is shown, in which the air is heated by both the accumulator 2 and the heat pump 21 and preferably also by the solar energy absorber 25. A fan 29 blows in cold air through a plurality of tubes 30, e.g., thin-walled plastic tubes extending through the accumula-tor 2, the air being preheated in it. The tubes 30 debouch in a larger perforated tube 31, which suitably is placed in a coil immediately under the floor. In the tube 31 the air from the tubes 30 is heated by heat from the heat pump 21. A preferred way of effecting this heat exchange is to place a water filled tube 32, in which a condenser tube 33 from the heat pump is arranged, in the tube 31. In the tube 32 one suitably also places a feed water conduit 34 for hot water heating and a conduit 35 supplying heat from the solar energy absorbers 25 (see Figure 9).
The fresh air heated in the tube 31 is fed into the space to be heated,for example, through slits 36 in the floor. The air is preferably let out through a channel system 37 at the inner side of the outer covering. Before it is led out from, for example, a barrel 38 on the roof, it is suitably also made to pass a heat exchanging channel or tube system 39, which is arranged nearer the outside of the outer covering in a corresponding way as the above-described system 1. Before the air is led out-it may be deprived of still more heat if the evaporator of the heat pump is placed directly or indirectly in the air s~ream. Alter-natively it may be led down again into the accumulator 2 and heat exchanged ; - 12 -1~996~
against instreaming ~resh air.
Figure 10 shows a complete heating and climate equaliæing system of yet another aspect of this inven~ion with a heat exchanger system 1, an accumulator 2, a heat pump 21 and a solar energy absorber 25. In this case the heat pump 21 includes inter alia a compressor 40, a condenser 41, an expansion valve 42, and an evaporator 43, which is arranged for heat exchange in a liquid tank 44. The tank 44 may advan-tageously be formed as directly energy absorbing, e.g., of solar energy, or as elements arranged to be placed in animal stables, etc. for drying of air and recovery of excess heat.
Figure 10 shows some examples of how, depending on the season and the heat demand, one can choose different operating positions and use different combinations of the systems 1, 2, 21 and 25 in an optimal way. The fine regulation is then done in a known way with start and stop, etc., via thermostats. The designations Ll, L2, etc., in Figure 10 indicate the parts of the conduit system that are connected in the different operating positions, the designations 45 and 46 indicate suitable switch valves, and Pl and P2 indicate pumps for circulation of a heat carrying fluid in the system.
_perating position la. The pump Pl is started and pumps liquid through the conduits designated by Ll. The result in this operating position will be a temperature equalization between the different parts of the outer covering, e.g., from roof to northern wall.
Operating position-lb. Corresponds to operating position, but heat energy from the solar energy absorber 25 is added.
Operating position 2. Corresponds to operating position lb, but the heat carrying fluid passes the tank 44 and the compressor 40 is started. Heat is taken from 1 and 25. In addition operating heat from the compressor 40 is added. The heat is brought to the spaces 47 via a heat distribution plant 48 of a known kind.
.. .. . . .. . . ..
Operating position 3a. Corresponds to operating position 2, 10996~4 but the temperatu~e in 1 and 25 becomes "uneconomicall~" low and may under certain conditions cause deposition of moisture at a full heat outtake, for which reason also the accumulator 2 is connected. The temperature in 1 and 25 is then limited to not less than -5C.
Operating position 3b. In case of severe cold the heat absorbing capacity is increased by connecting the second pump P2, which also is a reserve pump. In practice the heat absorbing surfaces of the accumulator are increased at first hand. The heat from the accumulator is then not only sufficient for supplying the heat pump system with energy, but in addition - which makes the invention in its broadest aspects epoch-making - 1 is supplied with the necessary heat energy between the temperatures -5C. and -1C., taken when water is freezing in 2, so that the heat losses from 1 against the outside air and the severe cold can be compensated.
Operating position 4. The pump Pl circulates the liquid through 2 and 44, when 44 tends to get too warm. In this way an unneces-sary high pressure in the heat pump 21 is substantially prevented, This is a kind of position of rest in the summertime, when a smaller amount of liquid, when necessary, is cooled for certain purposes, such as for cooled spaces, cellars, etc.
Operating position 5a. At a high load within the spaces 47 heat is taken from l, which through circulation is brought to the accumu-lator 2. A draught-free lowering o the temperature or a maintained desired temperature is then obtained in 47.
Operating position 5b. The accumulator 2 is supplied with heat from Z5.
Operating position 6. At an extra high heat load, e.g., in hot weather, lots of people, heating processes, machines, etc., the compressor 40 is started. Heat is taken from 1. The condenser cooling in the heat pump system 21 is switched over to 2 ~not shown) or to coils for earth heating, heting of pool water, etc. instead of heating the spaçes 47.
Claims (12)
- THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
l. A heating and air conditioning system for objects and spaces surrounded by a heat insulating outer covering, said system comprising: a ground accumulator for storing low temperature heat; a first heat exchanger system in heat exchanging contact with said ground accumulator; a second heat exchanger system which is positioned within said outer covering and embedded in a heat insulation layer thereof so as to be able to absorb transmission heat from both the outside and the inside of said covering; a conduit system interconnecting said first and second heat exchanger; and adjustable pumping means for circulating a heat carrying fluid between said first and said se-cond heat exchanger systems via said conduit system, so as to transfer heat from said ground accumulator to said outer covering, and vice versa. - 2. The system of claim l, further comprising a heat pump having an evaporator section which is arranged to absorb low temperature heat from said conduit system, and a condensor section which is arranged to supply heat to a system for direct heating of said space or object.
- 3. The system of claim l, further comprising a solar energy ab-sorbing device, which is arranged to absorb solar radiation heat and to transfer said heat to said conduit system.
- 4. The system of claim l, wherein said ground accumulator com-prises a water absorbing mass arranged to allow freezing of the water con-tained therein.
- 5. The system of claim 4, wherein said water absorbing mass con-tains a peat material.
- 6. The system of claim l, wherein said heat carrying fluid is an aqueous mixture having a lower freezing point than water.
- 7. The system of claim 1, wherein said second heat exchanger com-prises a plurality of parallel tubes for circulation of said heat carrying fluid.
- 8. The system of claim 1, wherein said second heat exchanger sys-tem is arranged on the outside of the centre, in a heat insulating sense, of said outer covering.
- 9. The system of claim 1, wherein said second heat exchanger sys-tem extends over substantially the whole of said outer covering.
- 10. The system of claim 3, wherein said pumping means comprises:
a heat pump; circulation pumps; and controlled valve means arranged to permit transport of heat energy via said conduit system; so that at least one of solar energy and excess energy from said object or spaces and their environ-ment can be accumulated and accumulated energy, or solar energy be transmit-ted to said second heat exchanger system, which makes it possible to attain a more uniform local distribution of heat energy, and a heat transfer from warmer to colder time periods and thereby an addition during colder periods of heat energy via said outer covering to said object or spaces, which in its turn permits reduced dimensions of a system for direct heating of said space or object and of said heat pump. - 11. The system of claim 10, wherein said circulation pumps are con-nected in parallel and on one side to one end of a conduit through said ground accumulator and a conduit to a first valve of said valve means, and on a second side to a liquid tank being an integral part of said heat pump and a second valve of said valve means, and wherein one end of a conduit through said second heat exchanger system and one end of a conduit through a solar energy absorbing device are connected to said first valve, and the other end of said conduit through said second heat exchanger system as well as a conduit via said tank to said first valve to which also the other end of said conduit is connected through said ground accumulator, are connected to said second valve.
- 12. A method of heating and air conditioning objects and spaces surrounded by a heat insulating outer covering, comprising the steps of:
withdrawing heat from a ground accumulator when the outside temperature is below freezing, and supplying the heat to the surrounded space so as to raise the temperature thereof to freezing temperature; and, when the outside tem-perature is above freezing, intercepting heat which is transmitted through the outer covering into or out of the surrounded space, and supplying said intercepted heat to a heat exchanger.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA281,632A CA1099604A (en) | 1977-06-29 | 1977-06-29 | Heating and climate equalizing system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA281,632A CA1099604A (en) | 1977-06-29 | 1977-06-29 | Heating and climate equalizing system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1099604A true CA1099604A (en) | 1981-04-21 |
Family
ID=4108996
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA281,632A Expired CA1099604A (en) | 1977-06-29 | 1977-06-29 | Heating and climate equalizing system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1099604A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105485935A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-04-13 | 天津市州易机电科技有限公司 | Constant-temperature type glass house |
| CN108442627A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2018-08-24 | 董帅 | Exchange heat decorative wall panels |
| CN113915668A (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2022-01-11 | 山东奇威特太阳能科技有限公司 | Intelligent heating system and intelligent heating system control method |
-
1977
- 1977-06-29 CA CA281,632A patent/CA1099604A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105485935A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-04-13 | 天津市州易机电科技有限公司 | Constant-temperature type glass house |
| CN108442627A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2018-08-24 | 董帅 | Exchange heat decorative wall panels |
| CN113915668A (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2022-01-11 | 山东奇威特太阳能科技有限公司 | Intelligent heating system and intelligent heating system control method |
| CN113915668B (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2023-10-27 | 山东奇威特太阳能科技有限公司 | Intelligent heating system and control method thereof |
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