CA1099488A - Method of and apparatus for removing nitrogen oxides from the gases containing nitrogen oxides - Google Patents
Method of and apparatus for removing nitrogen oxides from the gases containing nitrogen oxidesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1099488A CA1099488A CA294,680A CA294680A CA1099488A CA 1099488 A CA1099488 A CA 1099488A CA 294680 A CA294680 A CA 294680A CA 1099488 A CA1099488 A CA 1099488A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- catalyst
- ammonium nitrate
- carbon number
- oxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical group CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical group COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical group O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical group COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyraldehyde Chemical compound CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic aldehyde Chemical compound CCC=O NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical group C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCOC=O WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 napththa Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-3-one Chemical compound CCC(=O)CC FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 9
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- SMYMJHWAQXWPDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)COC1=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl SMYMJHWAQXWPDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940093474 manganese carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000006748 manganese carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011656 manganese carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000016 manganese(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XMWCXZJXESXBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(ii) carbonate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]C([O-])=O XMWCXZJXESXBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S502/00—Catalyst, solid sorbent, or support therefor: product or process of making
- Y10S502/515—Specific contaminant removal
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP52-5522 | 1977-01-21 | ||
| JP552277A JPS5390158A (en) | 1977-01-21 | 1977-01-21 | Denitrating method |
| JP52-36735 | 1977-03-31 | ||
| JP3673577A JPS53122671A (en) | 1977-03-31 | 1977-03-31 | Denitrating method and device therefor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1099488A true CA1099488A (en) | 1981-04-21 |
Family
ID=26339487
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA294,680A Expired CA1099488A (en) | 1977-01-21 | 1978-01-10 | Method of and apparatus for removing nitrogen oxides from the gases containing nitrogen oxides |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4199554A (OSRAM) |
| CA (1) | CA1099488A (OSRAM) |
| DE (1) | DE2801782A1 (OSRAM) |
| FR (1) | FR2377835A1 (OSRAM) |
| GB (1) | GB1577613A (OSRAM) |
| NL (1) | NL171230C (OSRAM) |
| PL (1) | PL113140B1 (OSRAM) |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3107117A1 (de) * | 1981-02-26 | 1982-09-09 | Kali-Chemie Ag, 3000 Hannover | "verfarhen zur atrennung von no(pfeil abwaerts)x(pfeil abwaerts)-gas" |
| DE3431730A1 (de) * | 1984-08-29 | 1986-03-06 | Kraftanlagen Ag, 6900 Heidelberg | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur selektiven katalytischen beseitigung von stickoxyden aus den abgasen von feuerungsanlagen |
| DE3735203A1 (de) * | 1987-10-17 | 1989-04-27 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Verfahren zur entfernung von no aus verbrennungsabgasen |
| WO1992004105A1 (fr) * | 1990-08-31 | 1992-03-19 | Institut Kataliza Sibirskogo Otdelenia Akademii Nauk Sssr | Procede d'elimination d'oxydes azotes d'emissions de gaz |
| US5342599A (en) * | 1990-09-14 | 1994-08-30 | Cummins Power Generation, Inc. | Surface stabilized sources of isocyanic acid |
| US5078982A (en) * | 1990-09-20 | 1992-01-07 | Molecular Technology Corporation | Reduction of nitrogen oxide in effluent gases using formaldehyde |
| US5171554A (en) * | 1990-09-20 | 1992-12-15 | Molecular Technology Corporation | Conversion of formaldehyde and nitrogen to a gaseous product and use of gaseous product in reduction of nitrogen oxide in effluent gases |
| US5234670A (en) * | 1990-09-20 | 1993-08-10 | Molecular Technology Corporation | Reduction of nitrogen oxide in effluent gases using NCO radicals |
| DE4115369A1 (de) * | 1991-03-28 | 1992-10-01 | Asea Brown Boveri | Verfahren zur minimierung der stickstoffoxyde (nox) bei einer verbrennung |
| CA2141734C (en) * | 1995-01-25 | 2000-06-06 | Raj Narain Pandey | Selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides |
| US6706246B2 (en) | 2001-02-26 | 2004-03-16 | Abb Lummus Global Inc. | System and method for the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxide in a gas stream |
| US20020159923A1 (en) * | 2001-02-26 | 2002-10-31 | Platvoet Erwin M.J. | Gas phase reactor and process for reducing nitrogen oxide in a gas stream |
| US6663839B2 (en) | 2001-02-26 | 2003-12-16 | Abb Lummus Global Inc. | Radial flow gas phase reactor and method for reducing the nitrogen oxide content of a gas |
| US6821490B2 (en) * | 2001-02-26 | 2004-11-23 | Abb Lummus Global Inc. | Parallel flow gas phase reactor and method for reducing the nitrogen oxide content of a gas |
| FR3002277B1 (fr) * | 2013-02-21 | 2016-05-27 | Ifp Energies Now | Procede pour traiter des polluants contenus dans des gaz d'echappement d'un moteur a combustion interne, notamment pour vehicule automobile. |
| TWI548780B (zh) * | 2014-07-02 | 2016-09-11 | Huang Ta Yung | Electrochemical dual battery panels and devices for controlling exhaust emissions |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2006981A (en) * | 1931-12-14 | 1935-07-02 | Ig Farbenindustrie Ag | Production of hydrocyanic acid |
| US3032387A (en) * | 1959-04-17 | 1962-05-01 | Engelhard Ind Inc | Selective removal of nitrogen oxides from gas streams |
| FR1296614A (fr) * | 1961-04-28 | 1962-06-22 | Houilleres Bassin Du Nord | Réacteur à contrôle de température par rétrodiffusion et récupération thermiques |
| US3911089A (en) * | 1972-10-06 | 1975-10-07 | Sumitomo Chemical Co | Process for preparing hydrogen cyanide |
| US3894141A (en) * | 1972-12-27 | 1975-07-08 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Process for removing nitric oxide |
| US3900554A (en) * | 1973-03-16 | 1975-08-19 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Method for the reduction of the concentration of no in combustion effluents using ammonia |
| US3864451A (en) * | 1973-08-16 | 1975-02-04 | Environics Inc | Method for Removing Nitric Oxide from Combustion Gases |
| JPS50133995A (OSRAM) * | 1974-04-11 | 1975-10-23 | ||
| US4043939A (en) * | 1975-10-10 | 1977-08-23 | Kurashiki Boseki Kabushiki Kaisha | Reactivation of catalysts useful for nitrogen oxide removal |
-
1977
- 1977-12-30 US US05/866,042 patent/US4199554A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1978
- 1978-01-10 CA CA294,680A patent/CA1099488A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-01-17 DE DE19782801782 patent/DE2801782A1/de active Pending
- 1978-01-18 NL NLAANVRAGE7800599,A patent/NL171230C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-01-19 PL PL1978204093A patent/PL113140B1/pl unknown
- 1978-01-19 GB GB2288/78A patent/GB1577613A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-01-19 FR FR7801523A patent/FR2377835A1/fr active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL7800599A (nl) | 1978-07-25 |
| PL204093A1 (pl) | 1978-10-09 |
| NL171230C (nl) | 1983-03-01 |
| US4199554A (en) | 1980-04-22 |
| DE2801782A1 (de) | 1978-08-03 |
| FR2377835A1 (fr) | 1978-08-18 |
| PL113140B1 (en) | 1980-11-29 |
| GB1577613A (en) | 1980-10-29 |
| FR2377835B1 (OSRAM) | 1982-04-30 |
| NL171230B (nl) | 1982-10-01 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |