CA1097520A - Determining steam quality - Google Patents
Determining steam qualityInfo
- Publication number
- CA1097520A CA1097520A CA300,142A CA300142A CA1097520A CA 1097520 A CA1097520 A CA 1097520A CA 300142 A CA300142 A CA 300142A CA 1097520 A CA1097520 A CA 1097520A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- steam
- critical
- quality
- flow
- critical flow
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N7/00—Analysing materials by measuring the pressure or volume of a gas or vapour
Abstract
S P L C I F I C A T I O N
BE IT KNOWN that we, PATRICK F. MULDARY and ERDAL
TANSEV, citizens, respectively, of the United States and Turkey and residing, respectively, in Walnut Creek, County of Contra Costa, and in the City and County of San Francisco, both in the State of California, have invented new and useful improvements in DETERMINING STEAM QUALITY
of which the following is a specification:
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Method and apparatus for determining the quality of wet steam flowing in a steam line utilizing the relationship between critical flow pressure (Pc) and upstream pressure (Pu) to develop a critical pressure ratio Pc/Pu to obtain the steam water mixture inlet enthalpy (H) from empirical curves and the steam quality from the equation:
BE IT KNOWN that we, PATRICK F. MULDARY and ERDAL
TANSEV, citizens, respectively, of the United States and Turkey and residing, respectively, in Walnut Creek, County of Contra Costa, and in the City and County of San Francisco, both in the State of California, have invented new and useful improvements in DETERMINING STEAM QUALITY
of which the following is a specification:
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Method and apparatus for determining the quality of wet steam flowing in a steam line utilizing the relationship between critical flow pressure (Pc) and upstream pressure (Pu) to develop a critical pressure ratio Pc/Pu to obtain the steam water mixture inlet enthalpy (H) from empirical curves and the steam quality from the equation:
Description
~0975ZC~
1 FIELD OF TH~ INVENTIVN
1 FIELD OF TH~ INVENTIVN
2 The present invention relates to determining the
3 approximate quality (i.e., the steam-to-water ratio by weight)
4 of steam flowing in a steam line. ~lore particularly, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for deter-6 mining steam quality of wet steam flowing in a steam line by 7 establishing critical flow in the steam line and obtaining 8 u~stream pressure in the steam line (P ) and critical pressure 9 in the critical flow portion of the steam line (Pc) to provide a critical pressure ratio P /P and relatng the critical pres-11 sure ratio to experimentally derived curves of PC/Pu versus 12 steam water mixture inlet enthalpy to obtain a basis for cal-13 culating steam quality.
14 _ACKGROUND OF TH~ INVENTION
During generation and use of steam, it is often 16 desirable to know the quality of the steam. Various techniques 17 have evolved for measuring stear.l quality. The more common of 18 these techniques involve using various colorimeters and orifice 19 meters. Other techniques are available utilizing properties of feed water compared to the properties of the liquid phase of 21 the steam. A discussion of these techniques is given in U.S.
22 Patent 3,596,516, issued August 3, 1971. There have also been 23 proposals to determine steam quality using captured samples of 2~ the steam water mixture. None of the techniques of determining steam quality, however, has been entirely satisfactory for field 26 use. There is, therefore, still need for a method and apparatus 27 for readily determining the quality of steam flowing in a steam 28 line.
29 Heretofore, William G. Steltz, in an article titled "The Critical and Two-Pllase Flow of Steam" in the Journal of 31 Engineering Power of April, 1961, related a critical pressure ~,~
~0~7S~
ratio of Pexhau5t/pinlet to inlet enthalpy in computer studies. Steltz, however, made several assumptions which are not applicable to actual field determination of the quality of wet steam flowing in a steam line. Other articles of background interest related to two-phase flow include: "Critical Two-Phase, Steam-Water Flows", by H. Fauske, from Proceedings of the 1961 Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics Institute; "Steam-Water Critical Flow Through Pipes," by Russell James, from the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Vol. 176, No. 26, 1962; "Some Improved Steam Property Calculation Procedures," by R. B. McClintock and C. J. Silvestri, from the Journal of Engi_eering for Power, April, 1970; "Metering of Steam-Water Two-Phase Flow by Sharp-Edged Orifices", by Russell James, from the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Vol. 180, Pt. 1, No. 23, 1965-66.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a method of determining the quality of wet steam comprising flowing wet steam through a flow line from a steam generator to a downline location, establishing critical flow in a portion of an elongated constant diameter choke located in said flow line between said steam generator and said downline location, determining the location in said choke of said critical flow portion, measuring the pressure in said flow line upstream of said critical flow portion (P ), measuring the critical pressure in said critical flow portion of said choke (P ), determining the critical pressure ratio Pc/P is determined, establishing experimental critical flow curves at various pressures for steam water mixtures in critical flow in said critical flow portion of said choke, determining the wet steam inlet mixture enthalpy (H) in BTU/LBM from said experimental critical flow curves for steam water mixtures in critical flow in said critical flow portion, and determin-ing steam quality in said flow line utilizing an equation where steam quality equals ¦H - h 1 Lhs ~ h Ip where h = specific enthalpy of water in BTU/LBM, and h5 = specific enthalpy of steam in BTU/LBM at Pu.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate an exemplary appara-tus useful in carrying out the present invention and exemplary experimental data;
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view and illustrates an apparatus suitable for performing the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a section view and illustrates a choke including an elongated bore portion useful in producing critical flow of wet steam therethrough;
1~752~) 1 FIG. 3 is a chart showing pressure profiles in critical 2 flow cho~es; and 3 FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating experimental critical 4 flow curves for wet steam mixtures through a cho]ce.
S D~TAILED D~SCP~IPTIO~ OE` PREFERR~D ~MBODIMENT
6 FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view illustrating the 7 preferred form of apparatus assembled in accordance with the 8 present invention. A wet steam generator 20 is provided with a 9 source of fuel such as tan~ 22. Water suitable for conversion to wet steam enters the generator through pipe 30. The water 11 is converted to wet steam of a desired quality in the generator 12 20 and leaves the generator through steam line 32 as a mixture 13 of water and steam. A valve 36 is located on steam line 32 to 14 control flow down the line. Typically, the steam generator is provided witll instruments including a flow rate gauge 24, 16 a generator pressure gauge 26 and a flow recorder 28. A means 17 for obtaining a downstream generator water sample is provided 18 and includes a valve 34 tapped into steam line 32. A suitable 19 stub end 33 and receptical 31 are used to collect a sample.
As ~nown in the art, the quality of the steam leaving the 21 generator 20 can be determined using data obtained from the 22 instruments and sample.
23 In typical oilfield operations utilizing wet steam 24 a plurality of steam lines are fed from the same steam generator.
Thus, steam line 38 having control valve 42 and steam line 40 26 having control valve 44 may branch off of steam line 32'.
27 Because of flow splitting phenomena at these branches, different 28 proportions of steam and water will most probably enter each 29 steam line. It is, therefore, often necessary to measure steam quality at a yiven downstream location, such as for example, 31 immediately upstream of the wellhea~ 52 of a steam injection 32 r~ well.
1~;9C~75ZO
1 In accordance with the invention, a choke as illustrated 2 generally by the number 50 is connected into the steam line 32', 3 32" at a predetermined downstream location between the steam 4 generator 20 and the steam injection wellhead 52. The choke includes an elongated bore portion for producing critical flow 6 of the wet steam through at least a portion of its length. The 7 choke is provided with suitable piping 32" and connection 54 8 for delivering the output to the wellhead 52 of the steam g injection well. A first pressure sensing means such as pres-sure gauye 56 is connected upstream of the critical flow por-11 tion of choke 50 for use in determining the pressure in the 12 steam line 32' upstream of the critical flow-portion of the 13 choke. A suitable valve 60 controls flow to the gauge 56.
14 Thus, the valve 60 may be closed and the gauge 56 may be removed when pressure readings are not required. A second pressure 16 sensing means such as pressure gauge 58 is connected into the 17 choke 50 in the critical flow portion thereof for determining 18 the critical flow pressure of the wet steam flowing through 19 the choke Pc. The critical pressure Pc and the upstream pres-sure Pu provide a critical pressure ratio PC/Pu useful in 21 determining steam quality in tlie steam line at the clloke 50 22 location.
23 FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the choke 50. ~ith 24 reference then to both FIGS. 1 and 2, a cho}:e body 66 has suitable threads for connecting sub 74 which connects to up-26 stream steam line 32' and for connecting sub 76 which connects 27 to downstream steam line 32". The upper end of thc choke body 28 66 is closed by a suitable cap 68 and O-ring 70. A pressure 29 tap is provided with tube 72 which extends through valve 60 to pressure gauge 56 to provide for determining the pressure 31 upstream of the critical flow portion of the choke. The ~Q~75~) choke includes an elongated bore such as a restricted flow 2 beam 78 having a reduced diameter bore 77 connected inside the 3 choke body 66. The wet steam flows through the elongated bore 4 77 and critical flow of the wet steam occurs in at least a portion (indicated b~r numeral 79) of the bore 77 of the chol~e 6 50. A tap 75 for a pressure yauge tube 73 is located in the 7 critical flow portion of the choke and extends to pressure gauge 58 8 through valve 62. Thus, the pressure can l~e determined in the 9 critical flow portion of the choke. Elongated bore cho};es of constant diameter are used in the present invention. The 11 elongated bore must be of sufficient length so that critical 12 flow will occur and critical pressure can be measured. The 13 present invention will generally l~e most applical~le in con-14 stant bore chokes of at least 2" in length. The particular lenyth of the bore is, of course, dependent on the operating 16 pressure and flow rate of a given system.
17 FIG. 3 is a chart showing pressure profile curves in 18 6" critical Elow chokes for a measured upstream quality of 19 76.5%. The curves are for both 4~/64" and 35/64", six-inch 20 long chol;e bores. The pressure in the choke was taken at a 21 number of locations (B-E:). A constant pressure reading (B-C) 22 was obtained and this pressure is the critical pressure. A
23 tap (A) was also provided for obtaining upstream pressure.
24 Data was collected during a series of runs using a cho};e set up 25 as illustrated in FIG. 3 and from the data the experimental 26 critical flow curves for steam water mixtures shown in FIG. 4 27 were obtained. Steam quality then for given pressure readings 28 is determined using the relationships described herein and 29 these curves.
The curves illustrated in FIG. 4 are experimental 31 critical flow curves for steam water mixtures through a six-~.a?97520 1 inch clloke. Two different cho};e bores were used in developiny 2 these curves. Thus, both a 35/64" bore and a 48/64" bore were 3 used in the runs. The curves of FIG. 4 are belie~ed to be 4 applicable to any standard, conventional bore for con~on six-inch oil field chokes. Experimental critical flow curves can 6 be developed for steam water mi~ture critical flow through any 7 choke. A series of Pc and Pu readings are then ta};en and the 8 PC/Pu ratio is determined. The steam quality for each set of 9 readings is determined by conventional methods for the mixture leaving the choke. For example, the steam water mixture 11 leaving the choke is directed to a conventional separator 12 where the stearn phase is measured through an orifice meter 13 installed in a line cor,ling from the top of the separator and 14 the water phase is measured through an orifice meter installed in a line coming from the bottom of'the separator. The ratio 16 of the flows will give steam quality. The steam quality is 17 converted to steam water inlet mixture enthalpy by calculation.
18 Points are plotted to get the experimental curves for various 19 conditions. These curves may then be used in accordance with the present invention.
21 Thus, a method is provided for determining the quality 22 of wet steam flowing through a steam line from a stream generator 23 to a downline location. Critical flow is established in a 24 portion of the steam line between the steam generator and the downline location. The pressure in the steam line upstream 26 of the critical flow portion (Pu) is measured. The pressure 27 in the critical flow portion of the steam line (Pc) is also 28 measured. The critical pressure ratio PC/Pu is determined.
29 Then based on the critical pressure ratio PC/Pu and experimental curves analagous to FIG. 4, the wet steam inlet enthalpy (~) 31 in BTU/LBM is found and finally steam quality in the steam 1CI ca752~
1 line is found utilizing an equation where steam quality equals 2 r~ -- hWl Lh - h ~
3 -where hw = s~ecific enthalpy of water in BTU/LBM, and 4 hs = specific enthalpy of steam in BTU/LEM both at Pu.
Although certain preferred embodiments of the present 6 invention have been described in detail herein, the invention 7 is not limited to only these embodiments, but rather by the 8 scope of the appended claims.
_g_
14 _ACKGROUND OF TH~ INVENTION
During generation and use of steam, it is often 16 desirable to know the quality of the steam. Various techniques 17 have evolved for measuring stear.l quality. The more common of 18 these techniques involve using various colorimeters and orifice 19 meters. Other techniques are available utilizing properties of feed water compared to the properties of the liquid phase of 21 the steam. A discussion of these techniques is given in U.S.
22 Patent 3,596,516, issued August 3, 1971. There have also been 23 proposals to determine steam quality using captured samples of 2~ the steam water mixture. None of the techniques of determining steam quality, however, has been entirely satisfactory for field 26 use. There is, therefore, still need for a method and apparatus 27 for readily determining the quality of steam flowing in a steam 28 line.
29 Heretofore, William G. Steltz, in an article titled "The Critical and Two-Pllase Flow of Steam" in the Journal of 31 Engineering Power of April, 1961, related a critical pressure ~,~
~0~7S~
ratio of Pexhau5t/pinlet to inlet enthalpy in computer studies. Steltz, however, made several assumptions which are not applicable to actual field determination of the quality of wet steam flowing in a steam line. Other articles of background interest related to two-phase flow include: "Critical Two-Phase, Steam-Water Flows", by H. Fauske, from Proceedings of the 1961 Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics Institute; "Steam-Water Critical Flow Through Pipes," by Russell James, from the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Vol. 176, No. 26, 1962; "Some Improved Steam Property Calculation Procedures," by R. B. McClintock and C. J. Silvestri, from the Journal of Engi_eering for Power, April, 1970; "Metering of Steam-Water Two-Phase Flow by Sharp-Edged Orifices", by Russell James, from the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Vol. 180, Pt. 1, No. 23, 1965-66.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a method of determining the quality of wet steam comprising flowing wet steam through a flow line from a steam generator to a downline location, establishing critical flow in a portion of an elongated constant diameter choke located in said flow line between said steam generator and said downline location, determining the location in said choke of said critical flow portion, measuring the pressure in said flow line upstream of said critical flow portion (P ), measuring the critical pressure in said critical flow portion of said choke (P ), determining the critical pressure ratio Pc/P is determined, establishing experimental critical flow curves at various pressures for steam water mixtures in critical flow in said critical flow portion of said choke, determining the wet steam inlet mixture enthalpy (H) in BTU/LBM from said experimental critical flow curves for steam water mixtures in critical flow in said critical flow portion, and determin-ing steam quality in said flow line utilizing an equation where steam quality equals ¦H - h 1 Lhs ~ h Ip where h = specific enthalpy of water in BTU/LBM, and h5 = specific enthalpy of steam in BTU/LBM at Pu.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate an exemplary appara-tus useful in carrying out the present invention and exemplary experimental data;
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view and illustrates an apparatus suitable for performing the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a section view and illustrates a choke including an elongated bore portion useful in producing critical flow of wet steam therethrough;
1~752~) 1 FIG. 3 is a chart showing pressure profiles in critical 2 flow cho~es; and 3 FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating experimental critical 4 flow curves for wet steam mixtures through a cho]ce.
S D~TAILED D~SCP~IPTIO~ OE` PREFERR~D ~MBODIMENT
6 FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view illustrating the 7 preferred form of apparatus assembled in accordance with the 8 present invention. A wet steam generator 20 is provided with a 9 source of fuel such as tan~ 22. Water suitable for conversion to wet steam enters the generator through pipe 30. The water 11 is converted to wet steam of a desired quality in the generator 12 20 and leaves the generator through steam line 32 as a mixture 13 of water and steam. A valve 36 is located on steam line 32 to 14 control flow down the line. Typically, the steam generator is provided witll instruments including a flow rate gauge 24, 16 a generator pressure gauge 26 and a flow recorder 28. A means 17 for obtaining a downstream generator water sample is provided 18 and includes a valve 34 tapped into steam line 32. A suitable 19 stub end 33 and receptical 31 are used to collect a sample.
As ~nown in the art, the quality of the steam leaving the 21 generator 20 can be determined using data obtained from the 22 instruments and sample.
23 In typical oilfield operations utilizing wet steam 24 a plurality of steam lines are fed from the same steam generator.
Thus, steam line 38 having control valve 42 and steam line 40 26 having control valve 44 may branch off of steam line 32'.
27 Because of flow splitting phenomena at these branches, different 28 proportions of steam and water will most probably enter each 29 steam line. It is, therefore, often necessary to measure steam quality at a yiven downstream location, such as for example, 31 immediately upstream of the wellhea~ 52 of a steam injection 32 r~ well.
1~;9C~75ZO
1 In accordance with the invention, a choke as illustrated 2 generally by the number 50 is connected into the steam line 32', 3 32" at a predetermined downstream location between the steam 4 generator 20 and the steam injection wellhead 52. The choke includes an elongated bore portion for producing critical flow 6 of the wet steam through at least a portion of its length. The 7 choke is provided with suitable piping 32" and connection 54 8 for delivering the output to the wellhead 52 of the steam g injection well. A first pressure sensing means such as pres-sure gauye 56 is connected upstream of the critical flow por-11 tion of choke 50 for use in determining the pressure in the 12 steam line 32' upstream of the critical flow-portion of the 13 choke. A suitable valve 60 controls flow to the gauge 56.
14 Thus, the valve 60 may be closed and the gauge 56 may be removed when pressure readings are not required. A second pressure 16 sensing means such as pressure gauge 58 is connected into the 17 choke 50 in the critical flow portion thereof for determining 18 the critical flow pressure of the wet steam flowing through 19 the choke Pc. The critical pressure Pc and the upstream pres-sure Pu provide a critical pressure ratio PC/Pu useful in 21 determining steam quality in tlie steam line at the clloke 50 22 location.
23 FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the choke 50. ~ith 24 reference then to both FIGS. 1 and 2, a cho}:e body 66 has suitable threads for connecting sub 74 which connects to up-26 stream steam line 32' and for connecting sub 76 which connects 27 to downstream steam line 32". The upper end of thc choke body 28 66 is closed by a suitable cap 68 and O-ring 70. A pressure 29 tap is provided with tube 72 which extends through valve 60 to pressure gauge 56 to provide for determining the pressure 31 upstream of the critical flow portion of the choke. The ~Q~75~) choke includes an elongated bore such as a restricted flow 2 beam 78 having a reduced diameter bore 77 connected inside the 3 choke body 66. The wet steam flows through the elongated bore 4 77 and critical flow of the wet steam occurs in at least a portion (indicated b~r numeral 79) of the bore 77 of the chol~e 6 50. A tap 75 for a pressure yauge tube 73 is located in the 7 critical flow portion of the choke and extends to pressure gauge 58 8 through valve 62. Thus, the pressure can l~e determined in the 9 critical flow portion of the choke. Elongated bore cho};es of constant diameter are used in the present invention. The 11 elongated bore must be of sufficient length so that critical 12 flow will occur and critical pressure can be measured. The 13 present invention will generally l~e most applical~le in con-14 stant bore chokes of at least 2" in length. The particular lenyth of the bore is, of course, dependent on the operating 16 pressure and flow rate of a given system.
17 FIG. 3 is a chart showing pressure profile curves in 18 6" critical Elow chokes for a measured upstream quality of 19 76.5%. The curves are for both 4~/64" and 35/64", six-inch 20 long chol;e bores. The pressure in the choke was taken at a 21 number of locations (B-E:). A constant pressure reading (B-C) 22 was obtained and this pressure is the critical pressure. A
23 tap (A) was also provided for obtaining upstream pressure.
24 Data was collected during a series of runs using a cho};e set up 25 as illustrated in FIG. 3 and from the data the experimental 26 critical flow curves for steam water mixtures shown in FIG. 4 27 were obtained. Steam quality then for given pressure readings 28 is determined using the relationships described herein and 29 these curves.
The curves illustrated in FIG. 4 are experimental 31 critical flow curves for steam water mixtures through a six-~.a?97520 1 inch clloke. Two different cho};e bores were used in developiny 2 these curves. Thus, both a 35/64" bore and a 48/64" bore were 3 used in the runs. The curves of FIG. 4 are belie~ed to be 4 applicable to any standard, conventional bore for con~on six-inch oil field chokes. Experimental critical flow curves can 6 be developed for steam water mi~ture critical flow through any 7 choke. A series of Pc and Pu readings are then ta};en and the 8 PC/Pu ratio is determined. The steam quality for each set of 9 readings is determined by conventional methods for the mixture leaving the choke. For example, the steam water mixture 11 leaving the choke is directed to a conventional separator 12 where the stearn phase is measured through an orifice meter 13 installed in a line cor,ling from the top of the separator and 14 the water phase is measured through an orifice meter installed in a line coming from the bottom of'the separator. The ratio 16 of the flows will give steam quality. The steam quality is 17 converted to steam water inlet mixture enthalpy by calculation.
18 Points are plotted to get the experimental curves for various 19 conditions. These curves may then be used in accordance with the present invention.
21 Thus, a method is provided for determining the quality 22 of wet steam flowing through a steam line from a stream generator 23 to a downline location. Critical flow is established in a 24 portion of the steam line between the steam generator and the downline location. The pressure in the steam line upstream 26 of the critical flow portion (Pu) is measured. The pressure 27 in the critical flow portion of the steam line (Pc) is also 28 measured. The critical pressure ratio PC/Pu is determined.
29 Then based on the critical pressure ratio PC/Pu and experimental curves analagous to FIG. 4, the wet steam inlet enthalpy (~) 31 in BTU/LBM is found and finally steam quality in the steam 1CI ca752~
1 line is found utilizing an equation where steam quality equals 2 r~ -- hWl Lh - h ~
3 -where hw = s~ecific enthalpy of water in BTU/LBM, and 4 hs = specific enthalpy of steam in BTU/LEM both at Pu.
Although certain preferred embodiments of the present 6 invention have been described in detail herein, the invention 7 is not limited to only these embodiments, but rather by the 8 scope of the appended claims.
_g_
Claims
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A method of determining the quality of wet steam comprising flowing wet steam through a flow line from a steam generator to a downline location, establishing critical flow in a portion of an elongated constant diameter choke located in said flow line between said steam generator and said down-line location, determining the location in said choke of said critical flow portion, measuring the pressure in said flow line upstream of said critical flow portion (Pu), measuring the critical pressure in said critical flow portion of said choke (Pc), determining the critical pressure ratio Pc/Pu, establishing experimental critical flow curves at various pressures for steam water mixtures in critical flow in said critical flow portion of said choke, determining the wet steam inlet mixture enthalpy (H) in BTU/LBM from said experimental critical flow curves for steam water mixtures in critical flow in said critical flow portion and determining steam quality in said flow line utilizing an equation where steam quality equals where hw = specific enthalpy of water in BTU/LBM, and hs = specific enthalpy of steam in BTU/LBM both at Pu.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/804,219 US4149403A (en) | 1977-06-07 | 1977-06-07 | Determining steam quality |
| US804,219 | 1985-12-03 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1097520A true CA1097520A (en) | 1981-03-17 |
Family
ID=25188457
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA300,142A Expired CA1097520A (en) | 1977-06-07 | 1978-03-31 | Determining steam quality |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4149403A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1097520A (en) |
Families Citing this family (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4409825A (en) * | 1981-07-06 | 1983-10-18 | Conoco Inc. | Down hole steam quality measurement |
| DE3224761A1 (en) * | 1982-07-02 | 1984-01-05 | Ultrakust Gerätebau GmbH & Co KG, 8375 Ruhmannsfelden | Method and apparatus for determining the mixing ratio of the components in a gas mixture |
| US4576043A (en) * | 1984-05-17 | 1986-03-18 | Chevron Research Company | Methods for metering two-phase flow |
| US4589971A (en) * | 1984-05-29 | 1986-05-20 | The Permutit Company | Moisture analyzer |
| US4679947A (en) * | 1985-07-16 | 1987-07-14 | Engineering Measurements Co. | Method and apparatus for measuring steam quality |
| US4681466A (en) * | 1986-01-31 | 1987-07-21 | Texaco Inc. | Method for determining quality of reduced quality steam |
| USRE33909E (en) * | 1986-11-07 | 1992-05-05 | Kay-Ray/Sensall, Inc. | Steam quality meter |
| US4832503A (en) * | 1987-11-02 | 1989-05-23 | Texaco Inc. | Steam quality monitoring means and method |
| US4833688A (en) * | 1988-01-07 | 1989-05-23 | Combustion Engineering, Inc. | Two-phase flow quality measuring device |
| US4849988A (en) * | 1988-02-19 | 1989-07-18 | Texaco Inc. | Apparatus and method for measuring the quality of steam |
| US4836032A (en) * | 1988-03-07 | 1989-06-06 | Texaco, Inc. | Method of determining the quality of steam for stimulating hydrocarbon production |
| US4909067A (en) * | 1988-10-28 | 1990-03-20 | Combustion Engineering, Inc. | Steam quality measurement using separating calorimeter |
| US5092159A (en) * | 1990-10-15 | 1992-03-03 | Texaco Inc. | Method and apparatus utilizing a single nozzle for effecting measurment of steam characteristics |
| US5327772A (en) * | 1993-03-04 | 1994-07-12 | Fredricks William C | Steam quality sensor |
| DE19742138C1 (en) * | 1997-09-24 | 1999-03-11 | Siemens Ag | SATURATED steam enthalpy evaluation method |
| US6502456B1 (en) * | 1999-02-23 | 2003-01-07 | Photosonic, Inc. | Method and apparatus for measuring multiple parameters of steam |
| US8816865B1 (en) | 2009-07-06 | 2014-08-26 | Walter T. Deacon | Method and system for measuring temperature and pressure in different regions to determine steam quality |
| US8325049B2 (en) * | 2009-07-06 | 2012-12-04 | Thermo Diagnostics Company LLC | Method and system for measuring temperature and pressure in different regions to determine steam quality |
| US8839663B2 (en) | 2012-01-03 | 2014-09-23 | General Electric Company | Working fluid sensor system for power generation system |
| US9453693B2 (en) | 2012-07-10 | 2016-09-27 | Maxi-Therme Inc. | Method of controlling the saturation level of a generated gaseous state fluid |
| US20140095111A1 (en) * | 2012-10-03 | 2014-04-03 | General Electric Company | Steam turbine performance test system and method usable with wet steam in turbine exhaust |
| US8984959B2 (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2015-03-24 | Dan Hutchinson | Steam quality and flow rate measurement system |
| US9689823B2 (en) | 2015-03-10 | 2017-06-27 | Rosemount Inc. | Steam quality meter and measurement method |
| US10054559B2 (en) | 2016-07-29 | 2018-08-21 | Dan Hutchinson | Compact steam quality and flow rate measurement system |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1586825A (en) * | 1924-04-16 | 1926-06-01 | Stephen A D Cox | Flow nozzle |
| US1698318A (en) * | 1927-08-03 | 1929-01-08 | Palmer M Norton | Railway tool rack |
| US2284013A (en) * | 1940-06-07 | 1942-05-26 | William S Pardoe | Venturi tube or meter |
| US2501593A (en) * | 1947-02-01 | 1950-03-21 | Shell Dev | Flow bean |
| US3363460A (en) * | 1965-02-01 | 1968-01-16 | Hans D. Baumann | Steam calorimeter |
-
1977
- 1977-06-07 US US05/804,219 patent/US4149403A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1978
- 1978-03-31 CA CA300,142A patent/CA1097520A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4149403A (en) | 1979-04-17 |
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