CA1094698A - System for detection of process trip - Google Patents
System for detection of process tripInfo
- Publication number
- CA1094698A CA1094698A CA276,631A CA276631A CA1094698A CA 1094698 A CA1094698 A CA 1094698A CA 276631 A CA276631 A CA 276631A CA 1094698 A CA1094698 A CA 1094698A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- time
- period
- predetermined
- trip
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C7/00—Control of nuclear reaction
- G21C7/36—Control circuits
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C7/00—Control of nuclear reaction
- G21C7/26—Control of nuclear reaction by displacement of the moderator or parts thereof by changing the moderator concentration
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
- G21D3/00—Control of nuclear power plant
- G21D3/04—Safety arrangements
- G21D3/06—Safety arrangements responsive to faults within the plant
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Monitoring And Testing Of Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
Abstract
Case 2316 ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
It is desirable to be able to detect an emergency shutdown or "trip" of a process by independent means, that is without receiving a signal from the control means that initiates the trip. This is the case, for example, in a nuclear reaction process. The independent trip detection of this invention determines the rate of change of a parameter representative of the state of the process and provides a signal representing the rate of change. The signal is compared with a reference and if (a) the parameter has changed by a predetermined amount and (b) the rate of change has exceeded a predetermined level continuously for a period of time consistent with a process trip, then an output signal is provided indicative of a process trip having occurred.
It is desirable to be able to detect an emergency shutdown or "trip" of a process by independent means, that is without receiving a signal from the control means that initiates the trip. This is the case, for example, in a nuclear reaction process. The independent trip detection of this invention determines the rate of change of a parameter representative of the state of the process and provides a signal representing the rate of change. The signal is compared with a reference and if (a) the parameter has changed by a predetermined amount and (b) the rate of change has exceeded a predetermined level continuously for a period of time consistent with a process trip, then an output signal is provided indicative of a process trip having occurred.
Description
Case 2316 t .~ f . ~? 8 This invention relates to the detection of a "trip"
or emergency shutdown of a process.
In certain processes it is desirable, and in fact in some instances safety regulations may require, that one or more protective systems or arrangements be provided for emergency shutdown of the process. For example, regulations pertaining to the operation of a nuclear reactor may require . ~ ~I~u~ d v~
one or more protective systems to chutdown the process of the reactor under certain conditions. Thus, in such a process there may be one or two protective systems as well as the control system which provides the normal control and regulation of the process. It may also be desirable that in the event of an emergency shutdown, each protective system and control system be automatically switched to its appropriate shutdown mode as soon as the emergency shutdown occurs~to avoid the possibility of continuing operation or restarting of the process.
At the present time the conventional practice is to initiate the automatic switching to the shutdown mode of the protective systems and the control systems by means of a signal which originates in the one system which carried out the shutdown.
This involves a certain degree of interconnection between the various protective and control systems and the emergency shutdown system. This interconnection is undesirable from a safety standpoint.
The present invention may be used to detect an emergency shutdown by direct measurement of the process state and provide a signal suitable for switching one or more systems to the shutdown mode. It does not require interconnection with other systems for detlermining that an emergency shutdown has been carried out by another system. The present invention therefore reduces interconnection between the various protective and control sysltems.
~' lO'~fi~H Case 2316 It is therefore a feature of this invention to provide a method for detection of the trip or emergency shutdown of a process.
It is also a feature of the invention to provide a novel apparatus for detecting directly a trip condition of a process.
In accordance with the invention there is provided a method for detecting a process trip, comprising the steps of determining the rate of change of at least one parameter representative of the state of the process, and providing a signal representing said rate of change, determining from said signal that (a? said parameter has changed by a pre-determin0d amount and (b) said rate of change has exceeded a predetermined level continuously for a predetermined period of time consistent with a process trip, and then providing an output indicative of a process trip.
In accordance with the invention in another form there is provided apparatus for the detection of a process trip, comprising means ror determining the rate of change of 2Q at least one parameter representative of the process and for providing a signal representing the rate of change, comparator means for comparing said first signal with a predetermined reference level and providing a second signal only when said first signal exceeds said predetermined reference level, and timing means for establishing a predeter-mined period of time, said timing means providing an output signal when said second signal is received continuously for said predetermired period of time and is consistent with a process trip, said output signal being indicative of a process trip.
The invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which 10'31~9B Case 2316 Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram of apparatus according to one form of the invention, and Figure 2 is a schematic block diagram of apparatus in a simplified form.
Referring now to Figure 1, a process is represented by block 10, and the process has at least one measurable parameter which is representative of the state of the process and which reflects the nature of the process. For ~ example, block 10 might represent a nuclear reactorJ and the process therefore a nuclear reaction)with a suitable parameter being neutron flux. Neutron flux is a parameter which reflects the essence of a nuclear reaction.
The particular parameter of process 10 must be measured and the measurement device 11 is arranged to measure the parameter (or parameters if more than one is used) and provide a signal which repres nts the parameter. In the example where process 10 is a nuclear reaction, because it is best c~aracterized as a logarithmic process, the signal provided by measurement device 11 is conveniently the logarithm of the sum of one or more measurements of the neutron flux level.
The parameter measurement device 11 is connected to a differentiator 14 by conductor 12. The conductor 12 carries the signal representing the parameter as measured by device llJand the differentiator 14 differentiates the signal with respect to time. The differentiator 14 is connected to a smoothing filter 16 by a conductor 15. The differentiator 14 provides an output signal on conductor 15 which corresponds to the time rate of change of the signal on conductor 12.
The signal on conductor 15 is passed by smoothing filter 16 to conductor 17. The smoo1:hing filter 16 attenuates high frequency components of the signal it passes~as these are not b~
meaningful to trip detection e~ this invention. Filter 16 3 _ Case 2316 ~.0~
may be omitted Eor simplicity where hiyh Erequency components are not excessive. Conduc-tor 17 is connected to comparator 18 and applies the filtered signal to comparator 18. Comparator 18 compares the smoothed signal with a preset reference value.
Whenever the signal has a magnitude greater than the reference value and has a first polarity consistent with the shutting down of process 10, an output signal is generated on conductor 20.
The output signal on conductor 20 has a magnitude proportional to the smoothed rate signal on conductor 17 and a polarity lQ corresponding to the first polarity consistent with shutting down process 10 whenever the smoothed rate signal exceeds the reference. Otherwise the signal on conductor 20 is zero or possibly it may have a second pola~ity opposite that consistent with shut down and may be considered to be zero as far as it affects the circuitry.
Conductor 20 is connected to a timer 21 (or integrator 21) which performs an integrating function. Timer 21 generates a signal on conductor 22 corresponding to the time integral of the signal on conductor 20 whenever the signal on conductor 20 has a polarity corresponding to the aforementioned first polarity. When the signal on conductor 20 is zero, or if i-t assumes the second polarity, the signal on conductor 22 is rapidly returned towards zero (i.e. to a reference level we can consider as zero.) From the description given thus far, it will be understood that the signal on conductor 22 corresponds to an amount by which the signal representing the measured parameter (the signal on conductor 12) has changed at a rate which is continuously in excess of a preset reference value set into comparator 18. It will be further understood that if this amount exceeds a prescribed minimum amount, a process trip can be deemed to have occurred.
10~1698 case 2316 ~ ccordingly, the presen-t invention identifies a process trip as the fulfillment of two requirements, namely:
(a) that the parameter as represented by the signal on conductor 12 must have changed by some minimum amount in the direction consistent with shutting down the process 10, and (b) that the change in the parameter must have occurred at a continuous fast rate as preset into comparator 1~, consistent with a process trip.
Ordinary transients in a process might fulfill one or other of the two requirements above, but not both, and so ordinary transients will not be identified as a process trip.
Conductor 22 is connected to a switching circuit 23 and supplies the integral signal thereto. Switching circuit 23 performs two functions, namely:
(a) it compares the integral signal on conductor 22 with a predetermined reference value, and (b) if the comparison shows that the magnitude of the integral signal on conductor 22 exceeds the predetermined reference value, the switching circuit 23 operates one or more sets of contacts 24 to change their state (the contacts 24 may be solid state devices).
While the schematic diagram of Figure 1 was described with respect to electric or electronic equipment, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that combinations of pneumatic, electronic or hydraulic means might be used.
~arious alternatives may be used as required or as convenient for the particular process. For example, comparator 18 has been described as providing a signal on conductor 20 when the rate signal on conductor 17 is greater than the preset reference value, and of the proper polarity, and the signal on conductor 20 is proportional to the signal on conductor 17. However, other alternatives may be used when circumstances favour them, for example:
.
Case 2316 ~09~6~3 when the rate signal on conductor 17 is greater than the preset reference value in comparator 18 and is of the proper polarity, the comparator may generate a signal on conductor 20 that is proportional to the excess of the rate signal on conductor 17 over the preset reference value, or when the rate signal on conductor 17 is greater than ue ~J the preset reference ~e in comparator 18 and is of the proper polarity, the comparator may generate a signal on conductor 23 that is of a fixed magnitude.
lQ Also, the timer 21 has been described as receiving the signal on conductor 20 and when the signal has a proper polarity generating a signal which appears on conductor 22, the generated signal corresponding to a time integral of the signal on conductor 20. However, other alternatives may be used when circumstances favour them, for example:
the timer 21 may generate a signal corresponding to a time integral of only a limited portion of the signal on conductor 20, or the timer 21 may generate a signal on conductor 22 2Q which corresponds to a fixed function of time (e.g. a fixed integration rate) and is triggered by the signal on conductor 20 but is otherwise not responsive to the signal on conductor 20.
The aorementioned alternatives may be used above or in appropriate combination as circumstances require.
Referring now to figure 2, there is shown a specific example of a simplified trip detection arrangement according to the invention. In Figure 2 the process 10, parameter mea~urement device 11, conductor 12, differentiator 14, 3Q conductor 15, filter 16 and conductor 17 are similar to those in Figure 1. The comparator 18, timer 21 and switching circuit 23 of Figure 1 are replaced by a time delay relay 26 in Figure 2.
iO~6~8 Case 2316 The time delay relay 26 receives a filtered rate signal from conductor 17 and it provides an output which operates one or more sets of contacts 2~a to change their state.
The time delay relay 26 has the following characteristics:
(a) It has a predetermined trigger level such that timing will be initiated only when the signal on conductor 17 exceeds the trigger level.
(b) It has a predetermined reset level such that timing will reset to zero when the signal on conductor 17 drops lQ below the reset level.
(c) It has a suitable time delay incorporated to delay actuation ~so that an actual process trip can be distinguished from lesser disturbances~.
When the necessary criteria are met, the time delay relay will cause contacts 24a to operate or change their state.
The form of the invention as described with reference to Figure 2, identifies a process trip as a fulfillment of the same two requirements as the form of the invention described with reference to Figure 1, namely:
2Q (a) the parameter as represented by the signal on conductor 12 must have changed by some minimum amount in the direction consistent with shutdown, and (b) the change in the parameter must have occurred at a continuous fast rate in accordance with the trigger level in relay 26 (the time delay and the reset level ensure that the change is fast and continuous~.
It is helieved the invention in its various forms and alternatives will be clear from the preceding description.
or emergency shutdown of a process.
In certain processes it is desirable, and in fact in some instances safety regulations may require, that one or more protective systems or arrangements be provided for emergency shutdown of the process. For example, regulations pertaining to the operation of a nuclear reactor may require . ~ ~I~u~ d v~
one or more protective systems to chutdown the process of the reactor under certain conditions. Thus, in such a process there may be one or two protective systems as well as the control system which provides the normal control and regulation of the process. It may also be desirable that in the event of an emergency shutdown, each protective system and control system be automatically switched to its appropriate shutdown mode as soon as the emergency shutdown occurs~to avoid the possibility of continuing operation or restarting of the process.
At the present time the conventional practice is to initiate the automatic switching to the shutdown mode of the protective systems and the control systems by means of a signal which originates in the one system which carried out the shutdown.
This involves a certain degree of interconnection between the various protective and control systems and the emergency shutdown system. This interconnection is undesirable from a safety standpoint.
The present invention may be used to detect an emergency shutdown by direct measurement of the process state and provide a signal suitable for switching one or more systems to the shutdown mode. It does not require interconnection with other systems for detlermining that an emergency shutdown has been carried out by another system. The present invention therefore reduces interconnection between the various protective and control sysltems.
~' lO'~fi~H Case 2316 It is therefore a feature of this invention to provide a method for detection of the trip or emergency shutdown of a process.
It is also a feature of the invention to provide a novel apparatus for detecting directly a trip condition of a process.
In accordance with the invention there is provided a method for detecting a process trip, comprising the steps of determining the rate of change of at least one parameter representative of the state of the process, and providing a signal representing said rate of change, determining from said signal that (a? said parameter has changed by a pre-determin0d amount and (b) said rate of change has exceeded a predetermined level continuously for a predetermined period of time consistent with a process trip, and then providing an output indicative of a process trip.
In accordance with the invention in another form there is provided apparatus for the detection of a process trip, comprising means ror determining the rate of change of 2Q at least one parameter representative of the process and for providing a signal representing the rate of change, comparator means for comparing said first signal with a predetermined reference level and providing a second signal only when said first signal exceeds said predetermined reference level, and timing means for establishing a predeter-mined period of time, said timing means providing an output signal when said second signal is received continuously for said predetermired period of time and is consistent with a process trip, said output signal being indicative of a process trip.
The invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which 10'31~9B Case 2316 Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram of apparatus according to one form of the invention, and Figure 2 is a schematic block diagram of apparatus in a simplified form.
Referring now to Figure 1, a process is represented by block 10, and the process has at least one measurable parameter which is representative of the state of the process and which reflects the nature of the process. For ~ example, block 10 might represent a nuclear reactorJ and the process therefore a nuclear reaction)with a suitable parameter being neutron flux. Neutron flux is a parameter which reflects the essence of a nuclear reaction.
The particular parameter of process 10 must be measured and the measurement device 11 is arranged to measure the parameter (or parameters if more than one is used) and provide a signal which repres nts the parameter. In the example where process 10 is a nuclear reaction, because it is best c~aracterized as a logarithmic process, the signal provided by measurement device 11 is conveniently the logarithm of the sum of one or more measurements of the neutron flux level.
The parameter measurement device 11 is connected to a differentiator 14 by conductor 12. The conductor 12 carries the signal representing the parameter as measured by device llJand the differentiator 14 differentiates the signal with respect to time. The differentiator 14 is connected to a smoothing filter 16 by a conductor 15. The differentiator 14 provides an output signal on conductor 15 which corresponds to the time rate of change of the signal on conductor 12.
The signal on conductor 15 is passed by smoothing filter 16 to conductor 17. The smoo1:hing filter 16 attenuates high frequency components of the signal it passes~as these are not b~
meaningful to trip detection e~ this invention. Filter 16 3 _ Case 2316 ~.0~
may be omitted Eor simplicity where hiyh Erequency components are not excessive. Conduc-tor 17 is connected to comparator 18 and applies the filtered signal to comparator 18. Comparator 18 compares the smoothed signal with a preset reference value.
Whenever the signal has a magnitude greater than the reference value and has a first polarity consistent with the shutting down of process 10, an output signal is generated on conductor 20.
The output signal on conductor 20 has a magnitude proportional to the smoothed rate signal on conductor 17 and a polarity lQ corresponding to the first polarity consistent with shutting down process 10 whenever the smoothed rate signal exceeds the reference. Otherwise the signal on conductor 20 is zero or possibly it may have a second pola~ity opposite that consistent with shut down and may be considered to be zero as far as it affects the circuitry.
Conductor 20 is connected to a timer 21 (or integrator 21) which performs an integrating function. Timer 21 generates a signal on conductor 22 corresponding to the time integral of the signal on conductor 20 whenever the signal on conductor 20 has a polarity corresponding to the aforementioned first polarity. When the signal on conductor 20 is zero, or if i-t assumes the second polarity, the signal on conductor 22 is rapidly returned towards zero (i.e. to a reference level we can consider as zero.) From the description given thus far, it will be understood that the signal on conductor 22 corresponds to an amount by which the signal representing the measured parameter (the signal on conductor 12) has changed at a rate which is continuously in excess of a preset reference value set into comparator 18. It will be further understood that if this amount exceeds a prescribed minimum amount, a process trip can be deemed to have occurred.
10~1698 case 2316 ~ ccordingly, the presen-t invention identifies a process trip as the fulfillment of two requirements, namely:
(a) that the parameter as represented by the signal on conductor 12 must have changed by some minimum amount in the direction consistent with shutting down the process 10, and (b) that the change in the parameter must have occurred at a continuous fast rate as preset into comparator 1~, consistent with a process trip.
Ordinary transients in a process might fulfill one or other of the two requirements above, but not both, and so ordinary transients will not be identified as a process trip.
Conductor 22 is connected to a switching circuit 23 and supplies the integral signal thereto. Switching circuit 23 performs two functions, namely:
(a) it compares the integral signal on conductor 22 with a predetermined reference value, and (b) if the comparison shows that the magnitude of the integral signal on conductor 22 exceeds the predetermined reference value, the switching circuit 23 operates one or more sets of contacts 24 to change their state (the contacts 24 may be solid state devices).
While the schematic diagram of Figure 1 was described with respect to electric or electronic equipment, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that combinations of pneumatic, electronic or hydraulic means might be used.
~arious alternatives may be used as required or as convenient for the particular process. For example, comparator 18 has been described as providing a signal on conductor 20 when the rate signal on conductor 17 is greater than the preset reference value, and of the proper polarity, and the signal on conductor 20 is proportional to the signal on conductor 17. However, other alternatives may be used when circumstances favour them, for example:
.
Case 2316 ~09~6~3 when the rate signal on conductor 17 is greater than the preset reference value in comparator 18 and is of the proper polarity, the comparator may generate a signal on conductor 20 that is proportional to the excess of the rate signal on conductor 17 over the preset reference value, or when the rate signal on conductor 17 is greater than ue ~J the preset reference ~e in comparator 18 and is of the proper polarity, the comparator may generate a signal on conductor 23 that is of a fixed magnitude.
lQ Also, the timer 21 has been described as receiving the signal on conductor 20 and when the signal has a proper polarity generating a signal which appears on conductor 22, the generated signal corresponding to a time integral of the signal on conductor 20. However, other alternatives may be used when circumstances favour them, for example:
the timer 21 may generate a signal corresponding to a time integral of only a limited portion of the signal on conductor 20, or the timer 21 may generate a signal on conductor 22 2Q which corresponds to a fixed function of time (e.g. a fixed integration rate) and is triggered by the signal on conductor 20 but is otherwise not responsive to the signal on conductor 20.
The aorementioned alternatives may be used above or in appropriate combination as circumstances require.
Referring now to figure 2, there is shown a specific example of a simplified trip detection arrangement according to the invention. In Figure 2 the process 10, parameter mea~urement device 11, conductor 12, differentiator 14, 3Q conductor 15, filter 16 and conductor 17 are similar to those in Figure 1. The comparator 18, timer 21 and switching circuit 23 of Figure 1 are replaced by a time delay relay 26 in Figure 2.
iO~6~8 Case 2316 The time delay relay 26 receives a filtered rate signal from conductor 17 and it provides an output which operates one or more sets of contacts 2~a to change their state.
The time delay relay 26 has the following characteristics:
(a) It has a predetermined trigger level such that timing will be initiated only when the signal on conductor 17 exceeds the trigger level.
(b) It has a predetermined reset level such that timing will reset to zero when the signal on conductor 17 drops lQ below the reset level.
(c) It has a suitable time delay incorporated to delay actuation ~so that an actual process trip can be distinguished from lesser disturbances~.
When the necessary criteria are met, the time delay relay will cause contacts 24a to operate or change their state.
The form of the invention as described with reference to Figure 2, identifies a process trip as a fulfillment of the same two requirements as the form of the invention described with reference to Figure 1, namely:
2Q (a) the parameter as represented by the signal on conductor 12 must have changed by some minimum amount in the direction consistent with shutdown, and (b) the change in the parameter must have occurred at a continuous fast rate in accordance with the trigger level in relay 26 (the time delay and the reset level ensure that the change is fast and continuous~.
It is helieved the invention in its various forms and alternatives will be clear from the preceding description.
Claims (13)
1. A method for detecting a process trip, comprising the steps of:
determining the rate of change of at least one parameter representative of the state of the process, and providing a signal representing said rate of change, determining from said signal that (a) said parameter has changed by a predetermined amount and (b) said rate of change has exceeded a predetermined level continuously for a period of time consistent with a process trip, and then providing an output indicative of a process trip.
determining the rate of change of at least one parameter representative of the state of the process, and providing a signal representing said rate of change, determining from said signal that (a) said parameter has changed by a predetermined amount and (b) said rate of change has exceeded a predetermined level continuously for a period of time consistent with a process trip, and then providing an output indicative of a process trip.
2. A method for detecting a process trip, comprising the steps of:
determining the rate of change of at least one parameter representative of the state of the process, and providing a first signal representing said rate of change, comparing said first signal to a predetermined reference level and providing as an output a second signal when said first signal exceeds said reference level continuously for a period of time consistent with a process trip, said second signal being indicative of a process trip.
determining the rate of change of at least one parameter representative of the state of the process, and providing a first signal representing said rate of change, comparing said first signal to a predetermined reference level and providing as an output a second signal when said first signal exceeds said reference level continuously for a period of time consistent with a process trip, said second signal being indicative of a process trip.
3. A method as defined in claim 1 or 2 in which said period of time is determined by deriving an integral with respect to time signal related to magnitude of said first signal, said period of time extending until said time integral signal reaches a predetermined level.
4. A method as defined in claim 1 or 2 in which said period of time is determined by deriving a time integral signal related to the excess of said first signal over said reference level and the said period of time extending until said time integral signal reaches a predetermined level.
Case 2316
Case 2316
5. A method as defined in claim 1 or 2 in which said period of time is determined by deriving a time integral signal related to a limited portion of the excess of said first signal over said reference level and said period of time extending until said time integral signal reaches a predetermined level.
6. A method as defined in claim 1 or 2 in which said period of time is a fixed predetermined time.
7. A method for detecting a process trip, comprising the steps of measuring at least one parameter representative of the state of said process and deriving a first signal representing the value of said parameter, differentiating said first signal to provide a second signal representing the rate of change of said parameter, filtering said second signal to attenuate high frequency components, comparing said filtered second signal with a predetermined reference level and providing a third signal when said second signal exceeds said reference level, integrating at least a portion of said third signal to provide a fourth signal whose magnitude represents the integrated value, reducing said fourth signal to zero when said filtered second signal is less than said predetermined reference level, comparing said fourth signal with a predetermined reference value and providing an output signal when said fourth signal exceeds said predetermined reference value, said output signal being indicative of a process trip.
8. A method as defined in claim 6 in which said third signal is proportional to the excess of said second signal over said predetermined reference level.
Case 2316
Case 2316
9. A method as defined in claim 7 in which said third signal has a fixed magnitude.
10. A method for detecting a process trip, comprising the steps of measuring at least one parameter representative of the state of said process and deriving a first signal representing the value of said parameter, differentiating said first signal to provide a second signal representing the rate of change of said parameter, filtering said second signal to attenuate high frequency components, initiating a timing sequence having a predetermined time period when said filtered second signal exceeds a predetermined trigger level, said timing sequence continuing as said filtered second signal remains continuously above a predetermined reset level, restoring said timing sequence to the beginning when said filtered second signal falls below said predetermined reset level and providing an output signal when said timing sequence reaches the end of said predetermined time period, said output signal being indicative of a process trip.
11. A method as defined in claim 10 and further including the step of introducing a time delay following the said timing sequence reaching the end of said predetermined time period before providing said output signal.
12. Apparatus for the detection of a process trip, comprising means for determining the rate of change of at least one parameter representative of theprocess and for providing a signal representing the rate of change, Case 2316
12. Apparatus for the detection of a process trip, comprising means for determining the rate of change of at least one parameter representative of theprocess and for providing a signal representing the rate of change, Case 2316
Claim 12 continued:
comparator means for comparing said first signal with a predetermined reference level and providing a second signal only when said first signal exceeds said predetermined reference level, and timing means for establishing a period of time, said timing means providing an output signal when said second signal is received continuously for said period of time and is consistent with a process trip, said output signal being indicative of a process trip.
comparator means for comparing said first signal with a predetermined reference level and providing a second signal only when said first signal exceeds said predetermined reference level, and timing means for establishing a period of time, said timing means providing an output signal when said second signal is received continuously for said period of time and is consistent with a process trip, said output signal being indicative of a process trip.
13. Apparatus as defined in claim 12 in which said timing means establishes said period of time by integrating said second signal, said period of time extending from the start of said second signal until a predetermined level is reached by integration of said second signal.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA276,631A CA1094698A (en) | 1977-04-21 | 1977-04-21 | System for detection of process trip |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA276,631A CA1094698A (en) | 1977-04-21 | 1977-04-21 | System for detection of process trip |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1094698A true CA1094698A (en) | 1981-01-27 |
Family
ID=4108443
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA276,631A Expired CA1094698A (en) | 1977-04-21 | 1977-04-21 | System for detection of process trip |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1094698A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2531802A1 (en) * | 1982-08-11 | 1984-02-17 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING ANY INVOLUNTARY CRITICITY IN AN ELECTRONIC POWER PLANT |
| US4678622A (en) * | 1985-08-20 | 1987-07-07 | General Electric Company | Transient monitor for nuclear reactor |
| FR2611302A1 (en) * | 1987-02-20 | 1988-08-26 | Framatome Sa | METHOD FOR DETECTING THE FALL OF AN ANTIREACTIVE ELEMENT IN THE REACTOR OF A NUCLEAR AND CENTRAL POWER PLANT PROTECTED AGAINST SUCH A FALL |
| WO2012035414A2 (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2012-03-22 | Atomic Energy Of Canada Limited | Reactor shutdown trip algorithm |
| US9799414B2 (en) | 2010-09-03 | 2017-10-24 | Atomic Energy Of Canada Limited | Nuclear fuel bundle containing thorium and nuclear reactor comprising same |
| US10176898B2 (en) | 2010-11-15 | 2019-01-08 | Atomic Energy Of Canada Limited | Nuclear fuel containing a neutron absorber |
-
1977
- 1977-04-21 CA CA276,631A patent/CA1094698A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2531802A1 (en) * | 1982-08-11 | 1984-02-17 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING ANY INVOLUNTARY CRITICITY IN AN ELECTRONIC POWER PLANT |
| EP0101242A2 (en) * | 1982-08-11 | 1984-02-22 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Method and apparatus for preventing inadvertent criticality in a nuclear fueled electric powering generating unit |
| EP0101242A3 (en) * | 1982-08-11 | 1984-07-04 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Method and apparatus for preventing inadvertent criticality in a nuclear fueled electric powering generating unit |
| US4678622A (en) * | 1985-08-20 | 1987-07-07 | General Electric Company | Transient monitor for nuclear reactor |
| FR2611302A1 (en) * | 1987-02-20 | 1988-08-26 | Framatome Sa | METHOD FOR DETECTING THE FALL OF AN ANTIREACTIVE ELEMENT IN THE REACTOR OF A NUCLEAR AND CENTRAL POWER PLANT PROTECTED AGAINST SUCH A FALL |
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| US4842805A (en) * | 1987-02-20 | 1989-06-27 | Framatome | Method of detecting that an anti-reactive element has fallen into the reactor of a nuclear power station, and a power station protected against such a fall |
| US9799414B2 (en) | 2010-09-03 | 2017-10-24 | Atomic Energy Of Canada Limited | Nuclear fuel bundle containing thorium and nuclear reactor comprising same |
| US20130170595A1 (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2013-07-04 | Atomic Energy Of Canada Limited | Reactor shutdown trip algorithm |
| CN103189926A (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2013-07-03 | 加拿大原子能有限公司 | Reactor shutdown trip algorithm |
| WO2012035414A3 (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2012-05-10 | Atomic Energy Of Canada Limited | Reactor shutdown trip algorithm |
| EP2620947A3 (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2013-10-16 | Atomic Energy of Canada Limited | Reactor shutdown trip algorithm |
| US20130294562A1 (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2013-11-07 | Atomic Energy Of Canada Limited | Reactor shutdown trip algorithm |
| EP2620948A3 (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2014-06-11 | Atomic Energy of Canada Limited | Reactor shutdown trip algorithm |
| EP2617039A4 (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2016-03-30 | Atomic Energy Of Canada Ltd | Reactor shutdown trip algorithm |
| US9633752B2 (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2017-04-25 | Atomic Energy Of Canada Limited | Reactor shutdown trip algorithm using derivatives |
| US9640284B2 (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2017-05-02 | Atomic Energy Of Canada Limited | Reactor shutdown trip algorithm using derivatives |
| US9672945B2 (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2017-06-06 | Atomic Energy Of Canada Limited | Reactor shutdown trip algorithm |
| WO2012035414A2 (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2012-03-22 | Atomic Energy Of Canada Limited | Reactor shutdown trip algorithm |
| US10176898B2 (en) | 2010-11-15 | 2019-01-08 | Atomic Energy Of Canada Limited | Nuclear fuel containing a neutron absorber |
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