CA1092528A - Apparatus for the separation of particles from contaminated gases - Google Patents

Apparatus for the separation of particles from contaminated gases

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Publication number
CA1092528A
CA1092528A CA268,108A CA268108A CA1092528A CA 1092528 A CA1092528 A CA 1092528A CA 268108 A CA268108 A CA 268108A CA 1092528 A CA1092528 A CA 1092528A
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
hood
inlet pipe
rotatable element
end portion
narrowest
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
CA268,108A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Karl Venaas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sintef AS
Original Assignee
Sintef AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sintef AS filed Critical Sintef AS
Priority to CA268,108A priority Critical patent/CA1092528A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA1092528A publication Critical patent/CA1092528A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

APPARATUS FOR THE SEPARATION OF
PARTICLES FROM CONTAMINATED GASES

Abstract of the Disclosure Apparatus for the separation of particles from contaminated gases which includes a hollow element formed with a frusto-conical interior and mounted for rotation about a substantially vertical axis, an inlet pipe for supplying contaminated gas to the interior of the element, an outlet pipe for conveying purified gas from the element and a container for collecting separated particles. The inlet pipe has at least one exhaust enabling contaminated gas to flow in a tangential and/or parallel direction with respect to the internal surface of the hollow element.

Description

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Background of Invention Field of Invention This invention relates to apparatus for the separation of particles from contaminated gases.
Descxiption of the Prior Art United States Patent Specification No. 2,233,520 discloses an apparatus for this purpose in which there is -utilised a cyclone chamber at the end of a hollow rotating means, gas being led from the chamber and inwards into the widest end of the interior of the rotating means. A sub-stantial portion of the particle separation will occur in the cyclone chamber, the rotating means possessing a low ability to separate since a large part of the contaminated gas will be able to flow out unaffected through its hollow interior. Further, the chamber occupies a relatively large amount of space and a powerful fan is needed for driving the gas into the cyclone chamber.
Summar~ of the Invention ; It is an object of the present invention, therefore, to provide an apparatus for separating particles from con-taminated gases having as simple and as space-saving a con-struction as possible.
According to the present invention an apparatus for the separation of particles from contaminated gases comprises a hollow element mounted for rotation about a substantially vertical axis and having an internal wall surface defining between narrowest and widest end portions a frusto-conical space coaxially of said axis, an inlet pipe for the supply of contaminated gas to said space, an outlet pipe for conveying purified gas from the narrowest end portion and means for receiving separated particles discharged at said widest .

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lO9Z5Z8 end portion, said inlet pipe being provided with at least one exhaust adapted to enable said contaminated gas to flow in a tangential and/or parallel direction with respect to said wall surface.
With such an apparatus, it is possible to carry out a most effectlve gas purification without the use of additional equipment in the form of filters or cyclone chambers.
Desirably, the inlet pipe discharges into that part of the space which is defined by either a central portion or the narrowest end portion of the wall surface of the rotatable element, and by way of at least two exhausts forming a tan-gential flow with respect to the wall surface. Alternatively, the inlet pipe can be led coaxially forwards to the narrowest end of the space so that the contaminated gas is introduced substantially uniformly along the whole periphery of the space from that end.
A frusto-conical hood can be arranged within the internal wall surface of the rotatable element to form a gap in the form of a frusto-conical shell. This hood, which is open internally for the flow therethrough of purified gas, can be connected to the inlet pipe so that at least one exhaust of the latter is disposed in the surface of the hood or the hood can be connected to the rotatable element for rotation therewith. ;~
Brief Description of Drawings In order that the invention can be more clearly understood, convenient embodiments thereof will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Fig. 1 is a vertical section through an apparatus according to a first embodiment, with the construction of a second embodiment shown in dotted lines,
-2-lO9ZS;;~8 Fig. 2 is a section on the line II - II of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a vertical section through an apparatus according to a third embodiment.
Referring to the embodiment which is shown in full lines in Figs. 1 and 2, the apparatus comprises a rotor 11 in the form of a frusto-conical casing, the narrowest half of which is provided with a cylindrical projection 12 which supports a double bearing 13. The bearings are received in a bearing housing 14 which is supported on a pedestal 15.
Between the bearings, there is arranged a pulley 16 for operating the rotor 11 by means of a motor 17 via driving belt 18.
At the widest end of the rotor 11, there is arranged a collection container 19 for dust particles, the container being provided with a cover 20 having an opening 21 which surrounds the rotor coaxially. In the opening 21, there is inserted a gasket 22 which bears sealingly against the external surface of the rotor 11.
Through the wall of the container 19, there is introduced an inlet pipe 23 for the supply of contaminated gas. In the central portion of the container, the inlet pipe is bent abruptly so that it projects centrally upwards into a hollow space 24 present within the rotor 11, the apparatus being arranged with a vertical rotational axis.
An end 25 of the inlet pipe 23 supports four branch pipes 26 which project substantially radially outwards from the end of the inlet pipe and which are bent abruptly at the end as shown at 27 in the direction of rotation of the rotor. The end 27 of the branch pipes 26 has an exhaust opening 28 which on operation directs a substantially tangential outlet stream of contaminated gas against the wall surface of the hollow space -., . . : ~ , .

24. In addition to the tangential component of movement, the outlet stream can also have a certian wall-parallel stream component in the axial direction. ~-Below the branch pipes 26, an annular plate 29 is secured to end 25 of the inlet pipe, the edge of which forms ~ :
a narrow gap with the surface of the wall of the hollow space 24. The main purpose of the plate or shield 29 i8 to prevent the gas which streams out from the exhaust opening from -swirling up particles in the collection container 19.
At the narrowest end of the rotor 11, there is arranged an outlet pipe 30 which receives purified gas from :
the hollow space 24.
Contaminated gas which streams out through the ~-exhaust openings 28 of the branch pipes 26 will thus rotate ~:
together with the rotor 11 and possible elementary particles ~;~
in the gas will thereby be subjected to the centrifugal force so that they move outwards towards the surface of the interior <
of the hollow space 24. By virtue of the frusto-conical shape . of the hollow space, the centrifugal force at the wall surface will increase towards the widest end which means that the :
particles will move downwards by themselves, partly supported : ~.
by the force of gravity. Gradually as the dust particles are ~ .-collected up on the rotor 11, they will thus move downwards and fall into the collection container 19. The purified gas . :
will, for its part, move towards the narrowest end of the hollow space 24 and pass into the outlet pipe 30. The .
contaminated ~as is preferably blown in through the inlet pipe ` :.
23 by means of a fan (not shown) and purified gas is forced . -~
out with this through the outlet pipe 30.
T~e rotor 11 can be produced, for example, with a ~: :
minimum diameter of 80 mm and a maximum diameter of 200 mm : :

l~9Z5Zfl and given a speed of 2800 revolutions per minute. On estimating the centrifugal acceleration this will be found to vary from about 3400 m/s2 to 8590 m/s2 at the narrowest and widest ends of the hollow space 24 respectively. With an apparatus which was designed and operated in this manner, tests were carried out with three different contaminants, namely with cement where 50% was below 200 mesh, dust from desulphurising powder where 100% was below 325 mesh and SiO dust from electrostatic filters having a probable filter SiZ2 of about l~m For all these tests, the speed of the air was in the range of 10 - 20 m/s, with the dust concentration in the range of 40 - 100 g/m3.
There was then achieved a collection of 100%, 96% and 94%
respectively.
In Fig. 1, there is shown in dotted lines a hood 31 which can be regarded utilised in a second embodiment of the invention. The hood 31 is of frusto-conical form with approximately the same tapering angle as the hollow space 24 and is stationarily arranged on the end 27 of the branch pipes 26 so that the exhaust opening 28 for each branch pipe lies in the surface of the hood. In this instance, the shield 29 is redundant.
The main purpose of the hood 31 is to lead the flow of contaminated gas away from each of the exhaust openings 28 so that as little as possible of the gas gets the opportunity to escape through the hollow space 24 without having been under the influence of the turbulence and the action of the centrifugal force which occurs at the rotor wall. The con-taminated gas will be led through the gap 32 in a direction towards the widest end of the rotor and will gradually be freed of its content of dust particles. The purified gas can, with this, flow through the interior of the hood 31 and out towards the outlet pipe 30.
In Fig. 3, which illustrated a third embodiment of the invention there is also present a stand or pedestal 35 which supports a bearing housing 36 having a double bearing 37.
The bearing 37 supports a rotatable sleeve 38. The pulley 39 is arranged in this instance on the sleeve outside the bearing housing.
The sleeve, which is arranged with a vertical rotational axis, is provided at its lowermost end with an expansion 39a having internal threads for the reception of a further sleeve or support pipe 40 which projects downwardly from the drive sleeve 38. The support pipe 40 is provided up to the drive sleeve 38 with a radial flange 41 having six . .
bores along its periphery. By means of screws 42 which pass through the openings at the edge, there are fixed to the flange -41 a corresponding number of bolts 43 which, in turn, support a frusto-conical hood 44 which constitutes the actual rotor of the apparatus. Each of the bolts 43 is provided at the end towards the hood 44 with an outwardly projecting tap which engages with corresponding screw bores in a shoulder 45 at the narrowest end of the hood 44.
The support pipe 40 which projects approximately centrally downwards into hood 44 supports, in addition, a second hood 46 which is arranged in the hollow space which is formed by the hood 44. In that portion which supports the inner hood 46, the support pipe 40 is provided with external threads, the hood 46, for its part, having internal ~
threads in the narrowest end so that it can be screwed in ;
on the support pipe 40. In order to secure the inner hood 46 in a predetermined position on the support pipe, a lock nut 47 is present. Between the outer hood 44 and the inner . - - . . - . . . ~ -: . . . .
, 109;~5Z8 hood 46 there will consequently be formed a gap 48 having a thickness which can be ~aried by the adjustment of the inner hood 46.
This apparatus is provided with a collection container 49 which extends upwardly on the outside of the hood 44 and has a sealed lid 50 with a central opening 51 provided with a gasket 52 against the outside of the shoulder or projection 45.
Upwardly from the lid 50, there projects a pipe 53 coaxially of the rotating parts and which extends upwards towards the separating surface between the support pipe 40 and the drive sleeve 38. The pipe 53 forms a chamber 54 which surrounds the space between the flange 41 and the support bolts 43. The end of the pipe 53 is closed with a further lid 55 which is sealed against the outside of ~he expansion 39 by means of gasket 56. In the lid 55, there is located an inlet opening 57 which is connected to a feed conduit (not shown) for contaminated gas.
The contaminated gas will be led through the inlet opening 57 into the chamber 54 and flows from there into the gap 48, parallel to the walls of the gap, where it is set in rotation due to being swirled with either the inside of the outer hood 44 or the outer side of the inner hood 46. In this way, ~ all portions of the contaminated gas will come under the influence of the centrifugal force so that there is obtained an appro*imately total separation of all dust particles which have a certain mass.
The angle of elevation of the hoods 44 and 46, that is to say the angle with the axis, can vary within a large range, for example, between 0 and 80. At the lowest angles of elevation, however, the dust particles which-are collected up on the outer hood 44 will not be led away from the latter .... . . . . ..

~09Z.t;28 so that the need arises for special measures for removing the collected dust particles. At large angles of elevation on the hoods, that is to say towards 80, there is a risk that the gas containing dust particles will be swirled through the gap, especially at larger gap thicknesses, without the dust particles being deposited on the hood and falling down into the collection container. Such a gas portion will, as a result, be able to escape through the interior of the support pipe 40 and the drive sleeve 38 and from there into a connected outlet pipe 58, without the separation of dust being complete.
The most favourable range for the angle of elevation of the ~ ~
hoods is, therefore, 30 - 60. -In the Figures, a certain relative thickness is indicated for the gap between the two rotating hoods 44 and 46 and between the rotor 11 and the hood 31 respectively. This can, however, vary mainly with the type of contaminant and the ~-: ~ . ~;-rate of revolution of the hood or hoods. Since the rate of ;
revolution, for example, can vary from 1000 - 10000 revolutions per minute, the breadth of the gap can also vary within a large range, for example, 1~2 - 1/100 of the minumum diameter of the gap.
The apparatuses which are described above must only be regarded as examples of how the invention can be realised.
, -: :;
A number of the constructional details which are shown can thus be altered within wide limits without departing from the central idea of the invention. The disposition and the design of the inlet pipe in the embodiments which are illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 can thus be varied from that which is shown.
Similarly, the support structure and the elements which are utilised for operating and mounting the rotor parts can be modified. The invention can also be utilised with hollow .

spaces having a shape which departs from the frusto-conical, for example, hollow spaces having parabolic section lines.
Furthermore, it is possible, especially with the embodiment of Fig. 3, to lead the purified gas out of the hollow space by means of an outlet pipe which is led in through the hollow space, forwards to the narrowest end of the latter, approxi-mately in the same way as the inlet pipe 23 of Fig. 1. Thus, it can be appropriate to utilise a common, coaxial introduction of inlet and outlet pipes.
In the embodiment which is illustrated in Fig. 3, there will be a somewhat better separating effect than the simplest embodiment with corresponding hood in the hollow space, mainly due to both boundary surfaces up to the gap being set in rotation. This difference will, however, from current experience only have practical significance in in-dividual circumstances.

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Claims (11)

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:
1. Apparatus for the separation of particles from contaminated gases which comprises a hollow element mounted for rotation about a substantially vertical axis and having an internal wall surface defining between narrowest and widest end portions a frusto-conical space coaxially of said axis, an inlet pipe for the supply of contaminated gas to said space, an outlet pipe for conveying purified gas from said narrowest end portion and means for receiving separated particles dis-charged at said widest end portion, said inlet pipe being provided with at least one exhaust adapted to enable said contaminated gas to flow in a direction which is at least one of tangential and parallel with respect to said wall surface.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said inlet pipe discharges into that part of said space which is defined by a portion of said wall surface selected from a central portion and said narrowest end portion and by way of at least two exhaust forming said tangential flow.
3. Apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said inlet pipe is arranged coaxially of said rotatable element to pass upwardly through said widest end portion of the latter.
4. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a frusto-conical hood is arranged within said internal wall surface of said rotatable element to form a gap in the form of a frusto-conical shell.
5. Apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said hood is connected to said inlet pipe so that the at least one exhaust of the latter is disposed in the surface of said hood.
6. Apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said hood is connected to said rotatable element for rotation therewith.
7. Apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said inlet pipe is arranged to pass downwardly from a position above said rotatable element and discharge into said gap at said narrowest end portion.
8. Apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the outlet pipe is arranged to extend upstandingly from said narrowest end portion of said element, supports at its lower end said hood and is provided at its upper end with an external flange secured to said rotatable element by means of support bolts surrounded by said inlet pipe.
9. Apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the hood is adjustably supported by said outlet pipe for movement axially of said rotatable element thereby enabling the width of said gap to be varied.
10. Apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said outlet pipe has secured as an extension to its upper end an upstanding and rotatabley mounted drive sleeve capable of rotating said rotatable element and said hood indirectly via said interconnecting outlet pipe.
11. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said rotatable element is mounted for direct rotation adjacent said narrowest end portion thereof.
CA268,108A 1976-12-17 1976-12-17 Apparatus for the separation of particles from contaminated gases Expired CA1092528A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA268,108A CA1092528A (en) 1976-12-17 1976-12-17 Apparatus for the separation of particles from contaminated gases

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA268,108A CA1092528A (en) 1976-12-17 1976-12-17 Apparatus for the separation of particles from contaminated gases

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA1092528A true CA1092528A (en) 1980-12-30

Family

ID=4107525

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA268,108A Expired CA1092528A (en) 1976-12-17 1976-12-17 Apparatus for the separation of particles from contaminated gases

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CA (1) CA1092528A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2022103275A1 (en) * 2020-11-16 2022-05-19 Venaas Karl System and method for separating particles from polluted gas

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2022103275A1 (en) * 2020-11-16 2022-05-19 Venaas Karl System and method for separating particles from polluted gas

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