CA1092488A - Rotational ram cylinder - Google Patents
Rotational ram cylinderInfo
- Publication number
- CA1092488A CA1092488A CA315,749A CA315749A CA1092488A CA 1092488 A CA1092488 A CA 1092488A CA 315749 A CA315749 A CA 315749A CA 1092488 A CA1092488 A CA 1092488A
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- cylinder
- piston
- shaft
- cross
- section
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure A ram cylinder assembly comprises a cylinder defining at least one closed operating chamber and having an inner surface of polygonal cross-section. A piston having an outer surface of corresponding polygonal cross-section is mounted in the cylinder for axial movement therein in response to fluid pressure in the chamber. These poly-gonal surfaces form a first, sliding connection. A shaft is rotatably mounted in the cylinder to extend axially through the piston while having at least one end extending to the exterior of the cylinder. An inner surface of the piston and an outer surface of the shaft have cross-sections forming a second, non-circular connection. At least one of the inner surfaces of the cylinder and the outer surface of the shaft has its cross-section twisted spirally whereby at least one of the connections becomes a driving connection that causes rotational movement of the shaft relative to the cylinder upon axial movement of the piston.
Description
The invention relates to a ram cylinder assembly for operation by a liquid or gaseous pressure medium for con-verting rectilinear motion into angular rotation. The ram cylinder assembly according to the invention has a closed internal operating chamber in which is located a piston driven to move in alternating longitudinal motion by a hydraulic or pneumatic medium. The piston is connected to a shaft and at least one end of the shaft extends out of the operating chamber.
In numerous fields of industry, agriculture and commerce, it is frequently necessary to produce rotary motion, including non-continuous rotation, e.g. an oscillating rotary motion within a predetermined angular range. Often a large torque is required, together with a small angular velocity.
In mobile cranes and other loading machinery, the mast frequently has to be rotatable in both directions within an angular range of from 360 to 400. A similar situation arises with crane-like earth moving machinery and certain agricultural machines. An alternating angular motion also has to be produced during the pivoting out and supporting of support platforms of various apparatus, in the movement of automatically opening vehicle doors and in the operation of gear shifting, during control procedures by automatic machines etc.
The object of the present invention is to pro-vide an improved assembly for this purpose, to which end the invention consists of a ram cylinder assembly comprising (a) a cylinder defining at least one closed operating chamber and having an lnner surface of polygonal cross-section; (b) a piston having an outer surface of corresponding ~A~
~092488 polygonal cross-section mounted in said cylinder for axial movement therein in response to fluid pressure in said chamber, said polygonal surfaces forming a first, sliding connection; (c) a shaft rotatably mounted in the cylinder to extend axially through the piston while having at least one end extending to the exterior of the cylinder; (d) an inner surface of the piston and an outer surface of the :
shaft having cross-sections forming a second, non-circular connection; (e) at least one of said inner surface of the cylinder and said outer surface of the shaft having its cross-section twisted spirally whereby at least one of said --connections becomes a driving connection that causes rotat-ional movement of the shaft relative to the cylinder upon axial movement of the piston.
Embodiments of the~invention are described in more detail below with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a first embodiment of ram cylinder assembly according to the invention;
Fig. 2 represents a longitudinal section of ~-another embodiment;
Fig. 3 illustrates a longitudinal section through a third embodiment;
Fig. 4 shows a sectional front view of a connection among a cylinder, piston and shaft;
Fig. 5 illustrates the section V-V in Figure 4; and Fig. 6 shows a longitudinal section of another embodiment.
Fig. 1 represents a longitudinal section through - an embodiment of ram cylinder assembly according to the invention. In this embodiment, the cylinder 1 is formed by a flanged tube which is open at both ends, and which is sealed at both ends by covers 3, 3'. Sealing rings 51 and 52 are arranged between the covers 3 and 3' and the cylinder 1. In the interior of the cylinder 1 there is located a shaft 4 whose ends 14 and 15 projec-t from the operating chamber 12 formed between the cylinder 1 and the covers 3 and 3'. The shaft 4 is arranged coaxially in the cylinder 1 and is ro-tatably mounted about its own axis in the covers 3 and 3' by means of bearings 16 and 17. The shaft 4 cannot move in the axial direction in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1. In order to seal the operating chamber 12 tight~ the ends of the shaft 4 which extend through the covers 3 and 3' are surrounded by seals 5 and 5'.
The closed operating chamber 12 formed by the shaft 4 ^ and the cylinder 1 is divided into two parts by a piston 6.
The piston 6 divides the operating chamber 12 in a tight manner into a lower section 12' and an upper section 12", the seal being provided by sealing rings 7a and 7b.
The inner surface la of the cylinder 1 and the outer ~ -surface 6a of the piston 6 are each formed with polygonal cross-sections ~Fig. 5) to provide a first sliding connection.
The inner sur~ace 6b of the piston 6 and the outer surface 4b of the shaft 4 also have non-circular, e.g. polygonal cross-sections, to form a second sliding connection, with the outer surface of the shaft having its cross-section twisted spirally as shown diagrammatically by the helical line 13. As a result, the piston 6 is able to move in an axial direction in the operating chamber 12 under the influence of a liquid or gaseous medium introduced into the operating chamber under pressure through openings 8 and 8' ~09Z488 in the side wall of the cylinder 1. The piston 6 slides in the cylinder 1 without relative rotation, while the shaft 4 is forced to rotate within the piston 6.
The embodiment shown in Figure 2 substantially agrees with the one shown in Figure 1, the difference lying in the fact that only the upper end of the shaft 4 extends out of the operating chamber 12. There is a fixed, e.g. welded, connection or a screw connection between the lower cover 3' and the cylinder 1. The openings 8 and 8' extend through the covers 3 and 3'. The shaft 4 can perform a single rotation about its axis, axial movement of the shaft being prevented by its shoulders engaging in the covers. The bearings 16 and 17 are designed differently in this embodiment from those shown in Figure 1.
Figure 3 shows another embodiment of ram cylinder assembly according to the invention in which the part of the shaft 4 extending out of the operating chamber 12 can perform both an axial and a rotational movement. The shaft 4 is cylind-rical except for a non-circular, e.g. pentagonal, shoulder 18 on its lower part. The piston 6 has a similar, non-circular inner surface fitting the profile of the shoulder 8 and is rigidly connected to the lower end of the shaft 4 by means of a screw 19. The piston 6 and the shaft 4 can therefore alter neither their axial nor their angular positions relative to each other. In this embodiment, the polygonal inner surface of the cylinder 1 is designed spirally as indicated by the line 13, so that the relative rotation takes place between the piston 6 and the cylinder 1.
Figure 4 shows a sectional view in which only the immediate surroundings of the piston 6 are shown. Figure 5 is a plan view of the detail shown in Figure 4. As already ~A
lO9Z488 mentioned, the cylinder 1 has a polygonal, e.g. pentagonal,inner profile la and the outer surface 6a of the piston 6 is adapted to this profile. The outer surface 4b of the shaft 4 is also designed to be non-circular, e.g. pentagonal, and the inner surface 6b of the piston 6 is adapted to this shaft profile. Generally speaking, a suitable seal can be achieved between the piston and cylinder or between the piston and shaft by means of conventional sealing rings when the profiles are designed in the form of regular polygons.
Figure 6 shows several ram cylinder assemblies arranged inside each other to form operating chambers which are separated from each other or which communicate with each other only via overflow openings. The external cylinder lA in the arrangement is sealed tight by covers 3 and 3'. An internal cylinder lB is arranged inside the external cylinder lA and a first piston 61 is arranged between them. The outer sur-face of the internal cylinder lB is to be considered as the outer surface of a shaft, when viewed from the piston 61.
The inner shaft 4 is arranged inside the inner cylinder lB
and the operating chamber located between them is divided into two parts by a second piston 62. The inner surface of the inner cylinder lB guides the outer surface of the second piston 62 whose inner surface embraces the outer sur-face of the shaft 4. With regard to the hydraulic supply, the external and internal operating chambers are connected in parallel with each other by the openings 8, 8'. The hydraulic medium flows in and out through ducts 24 and 25.
The various embodiments operate in the following manner:
If pressure medium is introduced into one of the sections of the operating chamber 12 the piston 6 is shifted axially.
In the embodiments s~own in Figures 1 and 2, the outer profile ' ~
109Z~88 of the shaft 4 follows the spiral path 13, so that axial shifting of the piston 6 is therefore accompanied by rotation of the shaft, the angular position of the piston 6 being fixed relative to the cylinder 1. The connection between the outer surface of the shaft and the inner surface of the piston is~ then the "drivin~'connection. Of course, it is possible to design not only the profile of the shaft spirally, but c also the inner surface of the ram cylinder 1 in this way.
This possibility is illustrated in Figure 3. Here the piston 6 performs a composite movement, i.e. a rotational movement about the axis and an advancing movement along the axis. In -the embodiment shown in Figure 3, both the axial and rotary motions are transferred from the piston 6 to the shaft 4, and the connection between the outer surface of the piston and the inner surface of the cylinder becomes the "driving "
connection. It is easy to see that, if there is no need to extract the axial movement, the piston 6 could slide on the shaft 4 and transfers only its twist to the shaft 4 ~since no relative rotation between the piston and the shaft is possible in this embodiment).
By cumulatively combining the arrangements shown in Figures 1 and 3, both the inner surface of the cylinder 1 and the outer surface of the shaft 4 can be designed with a spiral profile. As a result, for a given axial shifting of the piston 6, the shaft 4 can perform a larger angular twist.
In the double arrangement shown in Figure 6, the inner surface of the external cylinder lA is designed spirally, as in Fig. 3, so that axial shifting of the`first piston 61 is accompanied by rotational movement of this piston. This rotational movement of the first piston 61 is transferred to the internal cylinder lB. When the second piston 62 shifts axially in the cylinder lB, the shaft 4 is twisted relative to the internal cylinder lB so that the shaft 4 performs an angular twist that is double that of the internal cylinder relative to the external cylinder.
It is advantageous to select a regular polygon as the profile configuration, because it is relatively simple to release the seal in this casè. A polygonal form running spirally along the axis can be produced by the known technology for metal-cutting.
-~i!~\q~
In numerous fields of industry, agriculture and commerce, it is frequently necessary to produce rotary motion, including non-continuous rotation, e.g. an oscillating rotary motion within a predetermined angular range. Often a large torque is required, together with a small angular velocity.
In mobile cranes and other loading machinery, the mast frequently has to be rotatable in both directions within an angular range of from 360 to 400. A similar situation arises with crane-like earth moving machinery and certain agricultural machines. An alternating angular motion also has to be produced during the pivoting out and supporting of support platforms of various apparatus, in the movement of automatically opening vehicle doors and in the operation of gear shifting, during control procedures by automatic machines etc.
The object of the present invention is to pro-vide an improved assembly for this purpose, to which end the invention consists of a ram cylinder assembly comprising (a) a cylinder defining at least one closed operating chamber and having an lnner surface of polygonal cross-section; (b) a piston having an outer surface of corresponding ~A~
~092488 polygonal cross-section mounted in said cylinder for axial movement therein in response to fluid pressure in said chamber, said polygonal surfaces forming a first, sliding connection; (c) a shaft rotatably mounted in the cylinder to extend axially through the piston while having at least one end extending to the exterior of the cylinder; (d) an inner surface of the piston and an outer surface of the :
shaft having cross-sections forming a second, non-circular connection; (e) at least one of said inner surface of the cylinder and said outer surface of the shaft having its cross-section twisted spirally whereby at least one of said --connections becomes a driving connection that causes rotat-ional movement of the shaft relative to the cylinder upon axial movement of the piston.
Embodiments of the~invention are described in more detail below with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a first embodiment of ram cylinder assembly according to the invention;
Fig. 2 represents a longitudinal section of ~-another embodiment;
Fig. 3 illustrates a longitudinal section through a third embodiment;
Fig. 4 shows a sectional front view of a connection among a cylinder, piston and shaft;
Fig. 5 illustrates the section V-V in Figure 4; and Fig. 6 shows a longitudinal section of another embodiment.
Fig. 1 represents a longitudinal section through - an embodiment of ram cylinder assembly according to the invention. In this embodiment, the cylinder 1 is formed by a flanged tube which is open at both ends, and which is sealed at both ends by covers 3, 3'. Sealing rings 51 and 52 are arranged between the covers 3 and 3' and the cylinder 1. In the interior of the cylinder 1 there is located a shaft 4 whose ends 14 and 15 projec-t from the operating chamber 12 formed between the cylinder 1 and the covers 3 and 3'. The shaft 4 is arranged coaxially in the cylinder 1 and is ro-tatably mounted about its own axis in the covers 3 and 3' by means of bearings 16 and 17. The shaft 4 cannot move in the axial direction in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1. In order to seal the operating chamber 12 tight~ the ends of the shaft 4 which extend through the covers 3 and 3' are surrounded by seals 5 and 5'.
The closed operating chamber 12 formed by the shaft 4 ^ and the cylinder 1 is divided into two parts by a piston 6.
The piston 6 divides the operating chamber 12 in a tight manner into a lower section 12' and an upper section 12", the seal being provided by sealing rings 7a and 7b.
The inner surface la of the cylinder 1 and the outer ~ -surface 6a of the piston 6 are each formed with polygonal cross-sections ~Fig. 5) to provide a first sliding connection.
The inner sur~ace 6b of the piston 6 and the outer surface 4b of the shaft 4 also have non-circular, e.g. polygonal cross-sections, to form a second sliding connection, with the outer surface of the shaft having its cross-section twisted spirally as shown diagrammatically by the helical line 13. As a result, the piston 6 is able to move in an axial direction in the operating chamber 12 under the influence of a liquid or gaseous medium introduced into the operating chamber under pressure through openings 8 and 8' ~09Z488 in the side wall of the cylinder 1. The piston 6 slides in the cylinder 1 without relative rotation, while the shaft 4 is forced to rotate within the piston 6.
The embodiment shown in Figure 2 substantially agrees with the one shown in Figure 1, the difference lying in the fact that only the upper end of the shaft 4 extends out of the operating chamber 12. There is a fixed, e.g. welded, connection or a screw connection between the lower cover 3' and the cylinder 1. The openings 8 and 8' extend through the covers 3 and 3'. The shaft 4 can perform a single rotation about its axis, axial movement of the shaft being prevented by its shoulders engaging in the covers. The bearings 16 and 17 are designed differently in this embodiment from those shown in Figure 1.
Figure 3 shows another embodiment of ram cylinder assembly according to the invention in which the part of the shaft 4 extending out of the operating chamber 12 can perform both an axial and a rotational movement. The shaft 4 is cylind-rical except for a non-circular, e.g. pentagonal, shoulder 18 on its lower part. The piston 6 has a similar, non-circular inner surface fitting the profile of the shoulder 8 and is rigidly connected to the lower end of the shaft 4 by means of a screw 19. The piston 6 and the shaft 4 can therefore alter neither their axial nor their angular positions relative to each other. In this embodiment, the polygonal inner surface of the cylinder 1 is designed spirally as indicated by the line 13, so that the relative rotation takes place between the piston 6 and the cylinder 1.
Figure 4 shows a sectional view in which only the immediate surroundings of the piston 6 are shown. Figure 5 is a plan view of the detail shown in Figure 4. As already ~A
lO9Z488 mentioned, the cylinder 1 has a polygonal, e.g. pentagonal,inner profile la and the outer surface 6a of the piston 6 is adapted to this profile. The outer surface 4b of the shaft 4 is also designed to be non-circular, e.g. pentagonal, and the inner surface 6b of the piston 6 is adapted to this shaft profile. Generally speaking, a suitable seal can be achieved between the piston and cylinder or between the piston and shaft by means of conventional sealing rings when the profiles are designed in the form of regular polygons.
Figure 6 shows several ram cylinder assemblies arranged inside each other to form operating chambers which are separated from each other or which communicate with each other only via overflow openings. The external cylinder lA in the arrangement is sealed tight by covers 3 and 3'. An internal cylinder lB is arranged inside the external cylinder lA and a first piston 61 is arranged between them. The outer sur-face of the internal cylinder lB is to be considered as the outer surface of a shaft, when viewed from the piston 61.
The inner shaft 4 is arranged inside the inner cylinder lB
and the operating chamber located between them is divided into two parts by a second piston 62. The inner surface of the inner cylinder lB guides the outer surface of the second piston 62 whose inner surface embraces the outer sur-face of the shaft 4. With regard to the hydraulic supply, the external and internal operating chambers are connected in parallel with each other by the openings 8, 8'. The hydraulic medium flows in and out through ducts 24 and 25.
The various embodiments operate in the following manner:
If pressure medium is introduced into one of the sections of the operating chamber 12 the piston 6 is shifted axially.
In the embodiments s~own in Figures 1 and 2, the outer profile ' ~
109Z~88 of the shaft 4 follows the spiral path 13, so that axial shifting of the piston 6 is therefore accompanied by rotation of the shaft, the angular position of the piston 6 being fixed relative to the cylinder 1. The connection between the outer surface of the shaft and the inner surface of the piston is~ then the "drivin~'connection. Of course, it is possible to design not only the profile of the shaft spirally, but c also the inner surface of the ram cylinder 1 in this way.
This possibility is illustrated in Figure 3. Here the piston 6 performs a composite movement, i.e. a rotational movement about the axis and an advancing movement along the axis. In -the embodiment shown in Figure 3, both the axial and rotary motions are transferred from the piston 6 to the shaft 4, and the connection between the outer surface of the piston and the inner surface of the cylinder becomes the "driving "
connection. It is easy to see that, if there is no need to extract the axial movement, the piston 6 could slide on the shaft 4 and transfers only its twist to the shaft 4 ~since no relative rotation between the piston and the shaft is possible in this embodiment).
By cumulatively combining the arrangements shown in Figures 1 and 3, both the inner surface of the cylinder 1 and the outer surface of the shaft 4 can be designed with a spiral profile. As a result, for a given axial shifting of the piston 6, the shaft 4 can perform a larger angular twist.
In the double arrangement shown in Figure 6, the inner surface of the external cylinder lA is designed spirally, as in Fig. 3, so that axial shifting of the`first piston 61 is accompanied by rotational movement of this piston. This rotational movement of the first piston 61 is transferred to the internal cylinder lB. When the second piston 62 shifts axially in the cylinder lB, the shaft 4 is twisted relative to the internal cylinder lB so that the shaft 4 performs an angular twist that is double that of the internal cylinder relative to the external cylinder.
It is advantageous to select a regular polygon as the profile configuration, because it is relatively simple to release the seal in this casè. A polygonal form running spirally along the axis can be produced by the known technology for metal-cutting.
-~i!~\q~
Claims (11)
1. A ram cylinder assembly comprising (a) a cylinder defining at least one closed operating chamber and having an inner surface of polygonal cross-section;
(b) a piston having an outer surface of corresponding polygonal cross-section mounted in said cylinder for axial movement therein in response to fluid pressure in said chamber, said polygonal surfaces forming a first, sliding connection;
(c) a shaft rotatably mounted in the cylinder to extend axially through the piston while having at least one end extending to the exterior of the cylinder;
(d) an inner surface of the piston and an outer surface of the shaft having cross-sections forming a second, non-circular connection;
(e) at least one of said inner surface of the cylinder and said outer surface of the shaft having its cross-section twisted spirally whereby at least one of said connections becomes a driving connection that causes ro-tational movement of the shaft relative to the cylinder upon axial movement of the piston.
(b) a piston having an outer surface of corresponding polygonal cross-section mounted in said cylinder for axial movement therein in response to fluid pressure in said chamber, said polygonal surfaces forming a first, sliding connection;
(c) a shaft rotatably mounted in the cylinder to extend axially through the piston while having at least one end extending to the exterior of the cylinder;
(d) an inner surface of the piston and an outer surface of the shaft having cross-sections forming a second, non-circular connection;
(e) at least one of said inner surface of the cylinder and said outer surface of the shaft having its cross-section twisted spirally whereby at least one of said connections becomes a driving connection that causes ro-tational movement of the shaft relative to the cylinder upon axial movement of the piston.
2. An assembly according to claim 1, wherein said outer surface of the shaft has its cross-section twisted spirally whereby said second connection becomes the driving connection.
3. An assembly according to claim 1, wherein said inner surface of the cylidner has its cross-section twisted spirally whereby said first connection becomes the driving connection.
4. An assembly according to claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein said outer surface of the shaft and said inner surface of the piston have corresponding polygonal cross-sections.
5. A ram cylinder assembly according to claim 1, 2 or 3, including seals arranged between the piston and the cylinder and between the piston and the shaft.
6. A ram cylinder assembly according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the piston and the shaft are fixed to each other.
7. An assembly according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein said polygonal surfaces are pentagonal.
8. An assembly according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein all said surfaces forming the first and second connections are pentagonal.
9. A ram cylinder assembly comprising:
(a) an outer cylinder defining at least one closed operating chamber and having an inner surface of polygonal cross-section;
(b) a first piston having an outer surface of corresponding polygonal cross-section mounted in said outer cylinder for axial movement therein in response to fluid pressure in said chamber, said polygonal surfaces forming a first, sliding connection;
(c) an inner cylinder defining at least one closed operating chamber and having an inner surface of polygonal cross-section, said inner cylinder being rotatably mounted in the outer cylinder to extend axially through the first piston, an inner surface of the first piston and an outer surface of the inner cylinder having cross-sections forming a second, non-circular connection;
(d) a second piston having an outer surface of polygonal cross-section corresponding to the inner surface of the inner cylinder, said piston being mounted in said inner cylinder for axial movement therein in response to fluid pressure in a said chamber defined by said inner cylinder, the outer surface of the second piston and the inner surface of the inner cylinder forming a third, sliding connection (e) a shaft rotatably mounted relative to the inner cylinder to extend axially through the second piston while having at least one end extending to the exterior of the cylinders;
(f) an inner surface of the second piston and an outer surface of the shaft having cross-sections forming a fourth, non-circular connection;
(g) at least one of said inner surface of the outer cylinder and said outer surface of the inner cylin-der, and at least one of said inner surface of the inner cylinder and said outer surface of the shaft having its cross-section twisted spirally whereby at least one of said first and second connections and at least one of said third and fourth connections becomes a driving connection that causes rotational movement of the shaft relative to the outer cylinder upon axial movement of the pistons.
(a) an outer cylinder defining at least one closed operating chamber and having an inner surface of polygonal cross-section;
(b) a first piston having an outer surface of corresponding polygonal cross-section mounted in said outer cylinder for axial movement therein in response to fluid pressure in said chamber, said polygonal surfaces forming a first, sliding connection;
(c) an inner cylinder defining at least one closed operating chamber and having an inner surface of polygonal cross-section, said inner cylinder being rotatably mounted in the outer cylinder to extend axially through the first piston, an inner surface of the first piston and an outer surface of the inner cylinder having cross-sections forming a second, non-circular connection;
(d) a second piston having an outer surface of polygonal cross-section corresponding to the inner surface of the inner cylinder, said piston being mounted in said inner cylinder for axial movement therein in response to fluid pressure in a said chamber defined by said inner cylinder, the outer surface of the second piston and the inner surface of the inner cylinder forming a third, sliding connection (e) a shaft rotatably mounted relative to the inner cylinder to extend axially through the second piston while having at least one end extending to the exterior of the cylinders;
(f) an inner surface of the second piston and an outer surface of the shaft having cross-sections forming a fourth, non-circular connection;
(g) at least one of said inner surface of the outer cylinder and said outer surface of the inner cylin-der, and at least one of said inner surface of the inner cylinder and said outer surface of the shaft having its cross-section twisted spirally whereby at least one of said first and second connections and at least one of said third and fourth connections becomes a driving connection that causes rotational movement of the shaft relative to the outer cylinder upon axial movement of the pistons.
10. An assembly according to claim 9, wherein said polygonal surfaces are pentagonal.
11. An assembly according to claim 9, wherein the surfaces forming said first, second, third and fourth connections are pentagonal.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA315,749A CA1092488A (en) | 1978-11-02 | 1978-11-02 | Rotational ram cylinder |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA315,749A CA1092488A (en) | 1978-11-02 | 1978-11-02 | Rotational ram cylinder |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1092488A true CA1092488A (en) | 1980-12-30 |
Family
ID=4112873
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA315,749A Expired CA1092488A (en) | 1978-11-02 | 1978-11-02 | Rotational ram cylinder |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1092488A (en) |
-
1978
- 1978-11-02 CA CA315,749A patent/CA1092488A/en not_active Expired
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |