CA1091074A - High-speed photographic processing using heated foamed liquids - Google Patents
High-speed photographic processing using heated foamed liquidsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1091074A CA1091074A CA283,038A CA283038A CA1091074A CA 1091074 A CA1091074 A CA 1091074A CA 283038 A CA283038 A CA 283038A CA 1091074 A CA1091074 A CA 1091074A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- liquid
- chamber
- processing
- volume
- passing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03D—APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING EXPOSED PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03D5/00—Liquid processing apparatus in which no immersion is effected; Washing apparatus in which no immersion is effected
- G03D5/003—Liquid processing apparatus in which no immersion is effected; Washing apparatus in which no immersion is effected film surface only souching the liquid
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Photographic Processing Devices Using Wet Methods (AREA)
- Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure A method and apparatus for processing photographic material where the processing liquid is foamed, heated and passed over the material repeatedly. The volume of liquid used is the minimum to achieve the desired chemical action and the foamed liquid is passed as a thin layer in laminar flow over the material in a chamber formed by two members defining a slit. The foamed liquid is then discarded after the desired chemical action is achieved.
Description
10~ 74 FI~LD OF THE INVENTION
j The invention relates to a process for the high-speed ¦ processing of photographic material, in which a heated processing liquid is passed over the emulsion surface of a photographic material in a thin layer, the thickness of which is of the same order of magnitude ~pproximately as that of the photographic material.
Processes of this kind enable very short processing times to be obtained and are therefore particularly useful where it is necessary to produce a finished photographic picture in the minimum amount of time. This is the case, for example, in coin-operated photographic booths, in screen photography, microscopic photography, the production of printing blocks, computer print-out equipment, and so on.
P~IOR ART
A method of the above ~ind is disclosed in U.S. Patent specification 3 886 576. This process operates on the once-through principle, i.e. fresh processing liquid is~lcontinually pumped through the processing chamber during any one stage of the process, the partially spent processing liquid is then discharged. The disadvantage of this once-through principle is that the processing liquid is not used under optimum conditions and much more liquid is used than that required to achieve the desired chemica~ action for the particular process concerned.
In addition to increased material costs, this also leads to ..... .
.~. i . .
, .
.
9 1~ 7 ~
unnecessary high effluent discharge. The partially spent processing liquid could be returned to a fresh liquid reservoir and be reused together with fresh liquid, but it is known from experience that spent processing liquid is much less stable and less storable, so that such reuse is frequently impossible.
This applies particularly to coin-operated photographic booths in which a processing operation takes place infrequently and only a small amount of processing liquid is used each time.
In those cases the total loss process is to be preferred since the processing liquid is used once only.
A disadvantage of a high-speed processing method such as that disclosed in U.S. Patent specification 3 886 57~ is that the entire stock of processing liquid is kept at the operating temperature. With the relatively high operating temperatures conventional in high-speed processing methods, the conventional processing liquids are relatively unstable and can be stored only for a very limited time. In consequence such methods are generally only suitable for processing plants which are continuously in operation and not for those which are used only occasionally such as~coin-operated photographic booths.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
The object of this invention is to provide a high-speed processing method suitable particularly for intermittent operation whilst using the minimum amount of processing liquid.
'''''`~ ` ` ` ": ' ., ,, : .
109107~
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention describes a method of processing photograph material ~ comprising heating and foaming the minimum quantity of processing liquidi. required to produce a desired chemical action on the material to be processed, repeatedly passing the foamed liquid over said material in a thin layer, the thickness of which is of the same order of magnitude as that of the photographicmaterial, and discarding the foamed liquid after the desired chemical action has been achieved.
The invention also includes apparatus for performing the above process, comprising a processing chamber in the form of a slit, means for ~ positioning the photographic material in the chamber, means for repeatedly f passing the processing liquid through the chamber, and means for heating the processing liquid and means for foaming the liquid prior to its introduction into said chamber wherein the means for passing the liquid into the chamber comprise a metering means for supplying a specific volume of liquid into the chamber sufficient to produce the required chemical action on the photographic material.
A preferred embodiment of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawing which is a section through the processing apparatus showing the liquid conveying means, metering means and foaming means in a simplified form.
109107~
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to the drawing, the processing cham~er comprises a bottom part 1 hinged to a top part 2 with an annular gasket 3 between the two parts for form a processing slit or chamber 5. The photographic material 4 is clamped between the gasket 3 and top part 2 along its edges. Yhe slit width or height H of the processing chamber is of approximately the same order of magnitude as the thickness of the photographic material to be processed, i.e. about 0.1 to about 0.5 mm. The volume of the processing chamber should be approximately equal to the minimum volume o~ processing li~uid requirPd to achieve the desired action ~or that particular processing operation.
The top part 2 is provided with a slot system 6 connected to a suction source (not shown) via a connection 7 for retaining the photographic material to be processed against the underside of the top part 2.
Slots 8 and 9 extending over the entire chamber width (perpendicularly to the drawing plane) are fonned in the bottom part ls one on either s`ide of the processing chamber 5.
These two slots are connected via ducts 10 and 11 to a ring pipe 12 containing a circulating pump 13. ~ottom part 1 also contains a duct system 14 forming a heat exchanger, the duct system 14 being connected to a heat exchange liquid reservoir 15 provided with heating and circulating means.
.. ~
'' 109107~
By means of this heat exchanger duct system 14, the bottom part 1 and hence the processing liquid which flows through the ducts 10 and 11 and the chamber 5 can be heated to the required temperature.
Ring pipe 12 is connected via valves 16 and 17 to a compressed air supply 18 and to unheated tanks 19, 20, and 21 for a developer solution, a fixer solution and water respectively.
The fluid in the circuit formed by the ring pipe 12, ducts 10 and 11 and the processing chamber 5 can be discharged via another valve 22. Valves 16, 17 and 22, pump 13 and reservoir 15 are controlled by a central control system 23.
To process the photographic material it is introduced manually or automatically into the chamber 12 and is retained against the underside of the top part 2 with the emulsion side downwards by the suction applied via connection 7 to the slot sytem 6. A specific quantity of developer solution is then introduced from tank 19 into the ring pipe 12 by valve unit 17 responding to an appropriate command given by the control system 23. The amount of liquid corresponds to the minim~n quantity of developer required to develop that size of photographic material. Since this quantity is much less than the entire circulation volume, compressed air or inert gas, e.g.
nitrogen, is injected into the ring pipe 12 via valve 16 so that the developer is made to foam and occupy the entire circulation volume. Since the volume of the foam is .. ` :
, . .
;, . -- .
1091(~7~
restricted at a maximum to about ten times the volume of liquid, the ring pipe 12 with all the ducts, conduits and cavities 3~ communicating therewith, is so constructed that the entire circulation volume is not more than a maximum of approximately ten times the volume of the processing chamber. To assist the foaming operation, the developer solution may preferably also contain foam-active and foam-stabilizing additives.
The foamed developer solution is then repeatedly pumped through the processing chamber by the pump 13. In view of the small vol~e in circulation, the solution is heated practically instantaneously to the required temperature of up to 80C or more on entering the bottom part 1 and flowing through the processing chamber 5. The speed of circulation is selected so that the flow in the processing chamber is as far as possible laminar (~eynolds numbers between approximately 20 and 2300).
In a practical example, the liquid throughput was 1 ml/sec corresponding to a linear speed of flow of about 5 cm/
sec. (Processing chamber cross-section 100 mm x 0,2 mm), This speed of flow, which is relatively high as compared with the prior art, in conjuction with the small height of the processing chamber (0.2 mm) gives a very intensive and hence very rapid processing.
When development is complete, the valve 22 is opened and the circuit is flushed with water from tank 21. Practically all the used developer solution is discharged and is not re-used.
, ... . .
.~ ~
1~9107~
The flushing water is then removed from the circuit by means of co~pressed air. All these operations are again carried out automatically by the control system 23. The minimum quantity of fixer solution to fix the photograph is then introduced into the circuit from tank 20 and, like the developer solution, is made to foam by means of compressed air and is pumped through the processing chamber a number of times. When fixing is complete, water is again admitted and the processed photographic material is finally dried with compressed air.
If the temperatures used are at least 60C, processing times of about 5 to 7 sec. per processing stage or final wash can be achieved in this way. Intermediate washes require about 1 second. For a four-stage process (inclusive of final wash), the total processing time is about 30 seconds.
In the above-described apparatus the processing liquids are circulated but they could be pumped to and fro across the emulsion side of the photographic material.
0ne of the main differences between the invention and the prior art is that the processing liquid is made to foaM.
In most prior art processes every attempt is made to prevent foaming by using additives for the processing liquids since such foaming has created problems. Despite all such experience, `~ it has now quite surprisingly been found tllat foaming in conjunction with a small volume processing chamber not only -R-. ~ .
"'' : ~
,.. .
109107~
does not cause SUCll problems but even brings about a more intensive effect and ~nables the quantity of processing liquid required to be reduced to practically the theoretical minimum, thereby enabling the total loss process with its known advantages to be used. The volume of the parts required for passing the processing liquid through ~he chamber (i.e. ducts, conduits, cavities, pumps etc.,) is much larger than the volume of the minimum amount of processing liquid required to achieve the desired chemical action. If the ~ 10 volume of liquid were not increased ~y foaming, it would be ! practically impossible to circulate such a small quantit-y of , liquid so that more liquid than that required to achieve the same chemical result would have to be used. The very smallest ~ volumes of liquid can be reliably circulated as a result of the ¦ 15 foaming operation and can be heated up more easily, quickly and economically. In particular, it is possible to store the processing liquid in a cool state and to bring to the required operating temperature immediately upstream of, or in, the processing chamber, only the amount of liquid required for that particular processing operation. This ls of great importance in intermittently operating processing plants since the stocks of processing liquid will remain stable and storable ` for much longer periods.
In the embodiment illustrated, the heat exchanger is incorporated in the chamber base. A suitable heat exchanger _ 9 _ ,,~
.,7 . ' , `
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' ' ~ . ' ~ ;
;.'` ' ' ' , ` ` ' ' ' ...... ' , .,`,' . ' ' . ' S~
.` ' ., ' . ` `
..
lO9iO7~
could be disposed outside the processing chamber but this would increase the circuit volume. Instead of a heat t exchanger any other heating means may be used, e.g. an electrical resistance heater.
Control system 23 may be electronic or pneumatic.
, .
~ .
.~ , . - .
. - , ;, ` :
.;... . : : ~
... .
j The invention relates to a process for the high-speed ¦ processing of photographic material, in which a heated processing liquid is passed over the emulsion surface of a photographic material in a thin layer, the thickness of which is of the same order of magnitude ~pproximately as that of the photographic material.
Processes of this kind enable very short processing times to be obtained and are therefore particularly useful where it is necessary to produce a finished photographic picture in the minimum amount of time. This is the case, for example, in coin-operated photographic booths, in screen photography, microscopic photography, the production of printing blocks, computer print-out equipment, and so on.
P~IOR ART
A method of the above ~ind is disclosed in U.S. Patent specification 3 886 576. This process operates on the once-through principle, i.e. fresh processing liquid is~lcontinually pumped through the processing chamber during any one stage of the process, the partially spent processing liquid is then discharged. The disadvantage of this once-through principle is that the processing liquid is not used under optimum conditions and much more liquid is used than that required to achieve the desired chemica~ action for the particular process concerned.
In addition to increased material costs, this also leads to ..... .
.~. i . .
, .
.
9 1~ 7 ~
unnecessary high effluent discharge. The partially spent processing liquid could be returned to a fresh liquid reservoir and be reused together with fresh liquid, but it is known from experience that spent processing liquid is much less stable and less storable, so that such reuse is frequently impossible.
This applies particularly to coin-operated photographic booths in which a processing operation takes place infrequently and only a small amount of processing liquid is used each time.
In those cases the total loss process is to be preferred since the processing liquid is used once only.
A disadvantage of a high-speed processing method such as that disclosed in U.S. Patent specification 3 886 57~ is that the entire stock of processing liquid is kept at the operating temperature. With the relatively high operating temperatures conventional in high-speed processing methods, the conventional processing liquids are relatively unstable and can be stored only for a very limited time. In consequence such methods are generally only suitable for processing plants which are continuously in operation and not for those which are used only occasionally such as~coin-operated photographic booths.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
The object of this invention is to provide a high-speed processing method suitable particularly for intermittent operation whilst using the minimum amount of processing liquid.
'''''`~ ` ` ` ": ' ., ,, : .
109107~
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention describes a method of processing photograph material ~ comprising heating and foaming the minimum quantity of processing liquidi. required to produce a desired chemical action on the material to be processed, repeatedly passing the foamed liquid over said material in a thin layer, the thickness of which is of the same order of magnitude as that of the photographicmaterial, and discarding the foamed liquid after the desired chemical action has been achieved.
The invention also includes apparatus for performing the above process, comprising a processing chamber in the form of a slit, means for ~ positioning the photographic material in the chamber, means for repeatedly f passing the processing liquid through the chamber, and means for heating the processing liquid and means for foaming the liquid prior to its introduction into said chamber wherein the means for passing the liquid into the chamber comprise a metering means for supplying a specific volume of liquid into the chamber sufficient to produce the required chemical action on the photographic material.
A preferred embodiment of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawing which is a section through the processing apparatus showing the liquid conveying means, metering means and foaming means in a simplified form.
109107~
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to the drawing, the processing cham~er comprises a bottom part 1 hinged to a top part 2 with an annular gasket 3 between the two parts for form a processing slit or chamber 5. The photographic material 4 is clamped between the gasket 3 and top part 2 along its edges. Yhe slit width or height H of the processing chamber is of approximately the same order of magnitude as the thickness of the photographic material to be processed, i.e. about 0.1 to about 0.5 mm. The volume of the processing chamber should be approximately equal to the minimum volume o~ processing li~uid requirPd to achieve the desired action ~or that particular processing operation.
The top part 2 is provided with a slot system 6 connected to a suction source (not shown) via a connection 7 for retaining the photographic material to be processed against the underside of the top part 2.
Slots 8 and 9 extending over the entire chamber width (perpendicularly to the drawing plane) are fonned in the bottom part ls one on either s`ide of the processing chamber 5.
These two slots are connected via ducts 10 and 11 to a ring pipe 12 containing a circulating pump 13. ~ottom part 1 also contains a duct system 14 forming a heat exchanger, the duct system 14 being connected to a heat exchange liquid reservoir 15 provided with heating and circulating means.
.. ~
'' 109107~
By means of this heat exchanger duct system 14, the bottom part 1 and hence the processing liquid which flows through the ducts 10 and 11 and the chamber 5 can be heated to the required temperature.
Ring pipe 12 is connected via valves 16 and 17 to a compressed air supply 18 and to unheated tanks 19, 20, and 21 for a developer solution, a fixer solution and water respectively.
The fluid in the circuit formed by the ring pipe 12, ducts 10 and 11 and the processing chamber 5 can be discharged via another valve 22. Valves 16, 17 and 22, pump 13 and reservoir 15 are controlled by a central control system 23.
To process the photographic material it is introduced manually or automatically into the chamber 12 and is retained against the underside of the top part 2 with the emulsion side downwards by the suction applied via connection 7 to the slot sytem 6. A specific quantity of developer solution is then introduced from tank 19 into the ring pipe 12 by valve unit 17 responding to an appropriate command given by the control system 23. The amount of liquid corresponds to the minim~n quantity of developer required to develop that size of photographic material. Since this quantity is much less than the entire circulation volume, compressed air or inert gas, e.g.
nitrogen, is injected into the ring pipe 12 via valve 16 so that the developer is made to foam and occupy the entire circulation volume. Since the volume of the foam is .. ` :
, . .
;, . -- .
1091(~7~
restricted at a maximum to about ten times the volume of liquid, the ring pipe 12 with all the ducts, conduits and cavities 3~ communicating therewith, is so constructed that the entire circulation volume is not more than a maximum of approximately ten times the volume of the processing chamber. To assist the foaming operation, the developer solution may preferably also contain foam-active and foam-stabilizing additives.
The foamed developer solution is then repeatedly pumped through the processing chamber by the pump 13. In view of the small vol~e in circulation, the solution is heated practically instantaneously to the required temperature of up to 80C or more on entering the bottom part 1 and flowing through the processing chamber 5. The speed of circulation is selected so that the flow in the processing chamber is as far as possible laminar (~eynolds numbers between approximately 20 and 2300).
In a practical example, the liquid throughput was 1 ml/sec corresponding to a linear speed of flow of about 5 cm/
sec. (Processing chamber cross-section 100 mm x 0,2 mm), This speed of flow, which is relatively high as compared with the prior art, in conjuction with the small height of the processing chamber (0.2 mm) gives a very intensive and hence very rapid processing.
When development is complete, the valve 22 is opened and the circuit is flushed with water from tank 21. Practically all the used developer solution is discharged and is not re-used.
, ... . .
.~ ~
1~9107~
The flushing water is then removed from the circuit by means of co~pressed air. All these operations are again carried out automatically by the control system 23. The minimum quantity of fixer solution to fix the photograph is then introduced into the circuit from tank 20 and, like the developer solution, is made to foam by means of compressed air and is pumped through the processing chamber a number of times. When fixing is complete, water is again admitted and the processed photographic material is finally dried with compressed air.
If the temperatures used are at least 60C, processing times of about 5 to 7 sec. per processing stage or final wash can be achieved in this way. Intermediate washes require about 1 second. For a four-stage process (inclusive of final wash), the total processing time is about 30 seconds.
In the above-described apparatus the processing liquids are circulated but they could be pumped to and fro across the emulsion side of the photographic material.
0ne of the main differences between the invention and the prior art is that the processing liquid is made to foaM.
In most prior art processes every attempt is made to prevent foaming by using additives for the processing liquids since such foaming has created problems. Despite all such experience, `~ it has now quite surprisingly been found tllat foaming in conjunction with a small volume processing chamber not only -R-. ~ .
"'' : ~
,.. .
109107~
does not cause SUCll problems but even brings about a more intensive effect and ~nables the quantity of processing liquid required to be reduced to practically the theoretical minimum, thereby enabling the total loss process with its known advantages to be used. The volume of the parts required for passing the processing liquid through ~he chamber (i.e. ducts, conduits, cavities, pumps etc.,) is much larger than the volume of the minimum amount of processing liquid required to achieve the desired chemical action. If the ~ 10 volume of liquid were not increased ~y foaming, it would be ! practically impossible to circulate such a small quantit-y of , liquid so that more liquid than that required to achieve the same chemical result would have to be used. The very smallest ~ volumes of liquid can be reliably circulated as a result of the ¦ 15 foaming operation and can be heated up more easily, quickly and economically. In particular, it is possible to store the processing liquid in a cool state and to bring to the required operating temperature immediately upstream of, or in, the processing chamber, only the amount of liquid required for that particular processing operation. This ls of great importance in intermittently operating processing plants since the stocks of processing liquid will remain stable and storable ` for much longer periods.
In the embodiment illustrated, the heat exchanger is incorporated in the chamber base. A suitable heat exchanger _ 9 _ ,,~
.,7 . ' , `
;'.;" ' . . ' ,, `
' ' ~ . ' ~ ;
;.'` ' ' ' , ` ` ' ' ' ...... ' , .,`,' . ' ' . ' S~
.` ' ., ' . ` `
..
lO9iO7~
could be disposed outside the processing chamber but this would increase the circuit volume. Instead of a heat t exchanger any other heating means may be used, e.g. an electrical resistance heater.
Control system 23 may be electronic or pneumatic.
, .
~ .
.~ , . - .
. - , ;, ` :
.;... . : : ~
... .
Claims (9)
1. A method of processing photograph material comprising healing and foaming the minimum quantity of processing liquid required to produce a desired chemical action on the material to be processed, repeatedly passing the foamed liquid over said material in a thin layer, the thickness of which is of the same order of magnitude as that of the photographic material, and discarding the foamed liquid after the desired chemical action has been achieved.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the processing liquid is made to foam to about twice to ten limes the liquid volume.
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the amount of processing liquid heated at any time is only the quantity required for any one stage in the processing of said material.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein the liquid is heated to about 50 to 80°C.
5. Apparatus for performing the method according to claim 1, comprising a processing chamber in the form of a slit, means for positioning the photographic material in the chamber, means of repeatedly passing processing liquid through the chamber, means for heating the liquid and means for foaming the liquid prior to its introduction into said chamber wherein the means for passing the liquid into the chamber comprise metering means for supplying a specific volume of liquid into the chamber sufficient to produce the required chemical action on said material.
6. Apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the means for passing the processing liquid through the chamber are so constructed that their total volume required for passing the liquid through the chamber is not more than approximat-ely ten limes the chamber volume.
7. Apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the height of the slit-like chamber measured perpendicularly to its surface is about 0.1 to 0.5 mm.
8. Apparatus according to claim 5 wherein the means for heating the liquid are adapted to heat at any time only the volume of liquid passed through the chamber.
9. Apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the healing means comprise a heat exchanger in the treatment chamber.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH9322/76 | 1976-07-21 | ||
| CH932276A CH609473A5 (en) | 1976-07-21 | 1976-07-21 | Method for rapid processing of photographic material and equipment for carrying out the method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1091074A true CA1091074A (en) | 1980-12-09 |
Family
ID=4350736
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA283,038A Expired CA1091074A (en) | 1976-07-21 | 1977-07-19 | High-speed photographic processing using heated foamed liquids |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5313924A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE856976A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1091074A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH609473A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2633705A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2359438A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1582645A (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS57108645A (en) * | 1980-10-06 | 1982-07-06 | Laser Technology Inc | Hologram apparatus and photographic station |
| US4462668A (en) * | 1980-10-06 | 1984-07-31 | Laser Technology, Inc. | Hologram apparatus for detecting flaws with developing chamber |
| US4506945A (en) * | 1981-07-20 | 1985-03-26 | Laser Technology, Inc. | Hologram apparatus for detecting flaws with developing chamber |
| DE3213416C2 (en) * | 1982-04-10 | 1984-03-22 | Staude, geb. Bartels, Eva, 6366 Wölfersheim | Device for developing microfilms |
| GB2154905A (en) * | 1984-03-05 | 1985-09-18 | David Theodore Nels Williamson | Photographic colour print processing equipment |
| DE3644050A1 (en) * | 1986-12-22 | 1988-06-30 | Zeutschel Gmbh & Co | DEVICE FOR DEVELOPING, IN PARTICULAR, A FILM SHEET OF A FILM HOLE CARD |
| JPH02142842U (en) * | 1989-05-01 | 1990-12-04 |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR983023A (en) * | 1948-10-20 | 1951-06-18 | Kodak Pathe | Method and apparatus for processing films |
| US3149550A (en) * | 1960-10-13 | 1964-09-22 | Ford Motor Co | Apparatus and technique for film developing |
| US3744394A (en) * | 1972-03-23 | 1973-07-10 | Eastman Kodak Co | Apparatus for rapid processing photographic film |
-
1976
- 1976-07-21 CH CH932276A patent/CH609473A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-07-27 DE DE19762633705 patent/DE2633705A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1977
- 1977-07-08 GB GB2884177A patent/GB1582645A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-07-19 CA CA283,038A patent/CA1091074A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-07-20 BE BE179484A patent/BE856976A/en unknown
- 1977-07-20 FR FR7722304A patent/FR2359438A1/en active Granted
- 1977-07-21 JP JP8673277A patent/JPS5313924A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CH609473A5 (en) | 1979-02-28 |
| DE2633705A1 (en) | 1978-01-26 |
| FR2359438A1 (en) | 1978-02-17 |
| GB1582645A (en) | 1981-01-14 |
| FR2359438B1 (en) | 1980-01-04 |
| JPS5313924A (en) | 1978-02-08 |
| BE856976A (en) | 1978-01-20 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |