CA1086380A - Accumulator with conductive core enclosed in active material and envelope - Google Patents
Accumulator with conductive core enclosed in active material and envelopeInfo
- Publication number
- CA1086380A CA1086380A CA280,707A CA280707A CA1086380A CA 1086380 A CA1086380 A CA 1086380A CA 280707 A CA280707 A CA 280707A CA 1086380 A CA1086380 A CA 1086380A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- combination
- core
- layers
- profiled
- active material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/14—Electrodes for lead-acid accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The major surfaces of a solid plate-like conductive core in an accumulator are adjacent to slabs of positive active material which are flanked by porous layers consisting of sintered synthetic plastic material or of compacted glass wool, synthetic plastic filaments or rock wool. A sheath consisting of polyvinyl chloride has a chamber which receives the core, the slabs and layers and is formed with vertical slots for the passage of elec-trolyte. The major surfaces of the core are profiled to enlarge the area of contact with active material, and the inner sides of the layers are also profiled to enlarge the area of contact with the outer sides of the slabs.
The major surfaces of a solid plate-like conductive core in an accumulator are adjacent to slabs of positive active material which are flanked by porous layers consisting of sintered synthetic plastic material or of compacted glass wool, synthetic plastic filaments or rock wool. A sheath consisting of polyvinyl chloride has a chamber which receives the core, the slabs and layers and is formed with vertical slots for the passage of elec-trolyte. The major surfaces of the core are profiled to enlarge the area of contact with active material, and the inner sides of the layers are also profiled to enlarge the area of contact with the outer sides of the slabs.
Description
Th3 pr3sent invention relates to accumulators or storage batteries ln genera~, and ~ore p æ ticular~y to ~mprovement5 ~n accumulators of the type w~lerein the conductLng core and a body of paste~ e active material are con-fined in an enve~ope.
Ih pr~ent~y kn~wn accu~Llators of the a ove outl med character, the envelope normally con515ts of ~ynthet-ic plastlc m~ter~al. The core oon-stitutes a g~id ~which has holes for act~ve matPrial) or a rod. A d~awback of such accumu~ators i~ that the u5eful l~fe of the core is mNch shorter than that of a b~x-sha~ed negatLve plate.
A~cording to one aspect of t ~ inv3ntion th~re ,LS p~ovided in an accumulator, the cc~b mation o a solid plate-like con~uctlve core; a body of active mat~rial contactin~ at l~ t the]major portion of the exterior of said core; and an envelope, which confines and contacts said active material, including porou layers surrounding said bcdy.
According to a seo~nd aspect of the invention there is provided ~n an accumulator, the oo~bination of a solid plate-like conductive core;
a body of active material contacting at least the major portion of the exterior of said core; and an envelope which aonfines said active material, includ mg porous layers surrounding said btody, said layers having inner surfaces in substantially o~ntinuaus contact with sald body and at least one of said surfaces be~ng profiled.
An advantage of the invention is to provide an accumulator with a novel and improved conductang core who~e useul life is longer than the use-ful life of pre æ ntly kncwn cores.
According to one e~bodiment the invention includes a oo~bination of elements which form part of an accumulator o storage battery and include a solid-plate like co~ductive lead-contaim ng core, a bcdy of active mEterial which surrnunds at least the major part of the exterior of the core ~such active material may forn two slabs which are Ln full surace-to-surface contact with the twc major suraces of the core), and an envelope which confines the active material. The envelope i~cludes pcrous layers which surround the active material .. ..
.
1(~86380 and may consist of sintered synthetic plastic material, of compacted rock wool, synthetic plastic filaments or glass fibers, or of other suitable material whichis highly resistant to corrosive action of electrolyte and can stand elevated temperatures. The envelope may further comprise an outer housing or sheath having a chamber for the aforedescribed elements. The side walls of the sheath are outwardly adjacent to the respective major surfaces of the core and have apertures (preferably vertical slots) which permit the electrolyte to pene-trate through the pores of the layers and to thus reach the active material.
The inner surfaces of the layers are undulated, serrated, provided with ridges and grooves or protuberances, or otherwise profiled to enlarge the area of con-tact with the active material.
The novel features which are considered as characteristic of the invention are set forth in particular in the appended claims. The improved accumulator itself, however, both as to its construction and its mode of opera-tion, together with additional features and advantages thereof, will be best understood upon perusal of the following detailed description of certain spec-ific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Figure 1 is a fragmentary perspective view of a portion of an accumu-lator which embodies one form of the invention;
Figure 2 is a horizontal sectional view of the structure which is shown in Figure 1 but showing two modified layers, and Figure 3 is an enlarged fragmentary perspective view of one of the layers shown in Figure 1.
Referring first to Figures 1 and 2, there is shown a portion or unit 1 of an accumulator or storage battery which comprises a solid plate-like con-ducting core 2, two panels of slabs 3 of active material which are adjacent to the major surfaces of the core 2, and a confining envelope including two porous layers 6 which flank the outer sides of the slabs 3. The envelope preferably further comprises a flat block-shaped apertured synthetic plastic housing or . . :. ~ , sheath 4 having a chamber which confines the elements 2, 3 and 6. The side walls 5 of the sheath 4 are adjacent to the exposed sides or surfaces of the respective layers 6.
The inner sides or surfaces of the layers 6 are profiled, i.e., they exhibit pronounced raised and recessed portions which can be seen in Figure 3. Such profiling results in pronounced increase of the areas of sur-faces which contact the outer sides of the slabs 3 and urge the slabs against the respective major surfaces of the conducting core 2. The material of the layers 6 is preferably formed with minute pores.
The area of the inner surface of each layer 6 can be increased in a number of ways, e.g., by imparting to such inner surface an undulate or ser-rated shape or by providing the inner surface with longitudinally extending alternating ribs and grooves. In accordance with one presently preferred em-bodiment (see Figure 2), the inner surfaces of the layers 6' have a large num-ber of relatively small ridges 6a the cross-section of each of which resembles an isosceles or equilateral triangle. Neighboring ridges 6a have abutting --edges. The extent to which the profiling increases the thickness of the res-pective layers 6' may be in the range of 1-2 mm, preferably about 1.5 mm.
Less pronounced profiling could result in rapid filling of grooves or other forms of recessed surface portions with lead sulphate. For example, the length of the sides of triangles shown in Figure 2 at the inner sides of layers 6~ may be within the aforementioned range (1-2 mm). Such layers can be produced at relatively low cost and the areas of their profiled surfaces greatly exceed the areas of equally large flat surfaces. The profiling of the inner surfaces of the layers should not be too pronounced because this would reduce the space which is available for the active material (slabs 3).
Figure 3 shows another presently preferred embodiment of the pro-filing of a layer. The layer 6 which is shown therein consists of a large number of hollow pyramids 8 whose square bases are located in a common plane and each of which has four sides each resembling an equilateral triangle.
The configuration of Figure 3 has been found to be especially suited for use in the improved accumulator because it insures a highly satisfactory contact between the slabs 3 and the electrolyte. Such contact is not impeded (or is impeded to a lesser extent) by development of lead sulphate barriers.
As mentioned above, the pyramids 8 of Figure 3 are hollow, i.e., the thickness of the material of the layers 6 may be constant or nearly con-stant. Otherwise stated, each protuberance (pyramid 8) at that side of a layer 6 which faces the respective slab 3 is located opposite a complementary recess or depression at the outer side of the same layer. Such uniform thick-ness of the porous layers insures that the electrolyte can pass through each and every zone thereof, including the apices of the pyramids. The layers 6 or 6~ can be produced by deep drawing, injection molding, press-forming or by re-sorting to any other suitable technique. The inclination of the planes of the sides of each pyramid with respect to the plane of the respective base is pre-ferab]y between 60 and 70 degrees.
The layers 6 and 6' can consist of sintered or filamentary synthe-tic plastic material, compacted glass fibers or rock wool, or any other mater-ial which exhibits high resistance to acids and can stand elevated tempera-tures.
The pyramids 8 of Figure 3 are but one of a wide variety of protub-erances which can constitute the profiling of inner surface of the layer 6.
For example, the illustrated pyramidal protuberances can be replaced with hollow prismatic, conical, frustoconical, cylindrical or partly conical and partly cylindrical protuberances. A feature common to all such protuberances is that the inner surface of the layer is profiled in several directions, i.eO
that it exhibits raised and recessed portions in a direction at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the core 2 (this also applies for the profil-ing 6a which is shown in Figure 2) as well as in the longitudinal direction of :: : , : . ..
108~380 the core. The provision of discrete protuberances instead of ridge-like pro-tuberances (6a) renders it possible to increase (almost by 100 percent) the quantity of active material in the recessed portions of the inner surface of the layer. With reference to Figure 3, this means that the quantity of ac-tive material which fills the spaces between the common plane of the bases and the common plane of the apices of the pyramids 8 is nearly twice the quan-tity of active material which fills the grooves between the ridges 6a of one of the layers 6' shown in Figure 2 ( it being assumed, of course, that the height of the pyramids 8 equals or closely approximates the height of the ridges 6a~.
By increasing the area of the inner surface of each layer 6 or 6~, one insures a more satisfactory contact between the electrolyte and the active material, even at maximum load and in spite of the development of lead sul-phate barriers.
As mentioned above, porous layers (6) having a substantially con-stant thickness (in spite of the protuberances 8) offer less resistance to the passage of electrolyte than layers (6') whose thickness varies, either period-ically (as shown in Figure 2) or at random.
It is also within the purview of the invention to omit the sheath 4, i.e., to confine the part 2 and the slabs 3 in an envelope which consists of porous material and is sufficiently stable to maintain the slabs 3 in con-tact with the respective major surfaces of the core 2. Alternatively, the layers 6 or 6~ can be omitted if the sheath 4 consists of porous material, and especially if the inner surfaces of the sheath are profiled in a manner as des-cribed in connection with the inner surfaces of the layers 6 and 6~. The walls of such sheath are functional equivalents of the layers 6 or 6~.
If the improved accumulator utilizes a sheath 4 for each group of _~s elements 2,3,6 or 2,3,6', the sheath may consist of polyvinyl chloride.
The apertures or holes 9 in the side walls 5 of the sheath 4 are .: . . .. . .
. .
preferably relatively large elongated slots which extend lengthwise of the sheath, i.e., they are vertical when the accumulator embodying the improved structure is in use. This enhances the stability of the sheath 4 without in-terfering with the flow of electrolyte into contact with the outer sides of the layers 6.
The narrow end walls 10 of the sheath 4 are formed with centrally located longitudinal internal grooves or channels 11 which receive the respec-tive longitudinal marginal portions 12 of the core 2. The insertion of margin-al portion 12 into the respective channels 11 results in satisfactory ~nchor-ing and enhances the stability of the core, i.e., the core is less likely to buckle or to undergo other types of deformation. Moreover, the channels 11 insure convenient and predictable insertion of the core 2 into the sheath 4.
Still further, limited buckling or other deformation of the plate-like core will not result in excessive shift from the desired optimum position in the center of the chamber which is defined by the sheath 4.
In accordance with a further feature of the invention, at least one major surface of the core 2 is profiled to thus enlarge the area of contact between such side and the respective slab 3. Figures 1 and 2 show that the cross-section of the core 2 has an undulate outline, i.e., the two major sur-faces of the core are formed with longitudinally extending rounded ribs 2awhich alternate with recesses 2b bounded by rounded surfaces. The profiled ; portions of the major surfaces of the core 2 are surrounded by a non-profiled rectangular reinforcing frame 12A which includes the aforementioned vertical marginal portions 12. The frame surrounds the central portion and contri-; butes to stability of the core 2. Also, the smooth surfaces of the portions 12 facilitate the insertion of core 2 into the channeled sheath 4.
The profiling of major surfaces of the core 2 enhances the passage of current and hence the effectiveness of the core. Moreover, such configur-ation of the major surfaces prolongs the useful life of the core. It is preferred to stagger the ribs and recesses of one major surface with respect to the ribs and recesses of the other major surface in such a way that each rib of one major surface is located directly opposite a recess in the other major surface, and vice versa.
It is equally within the purview of the invention to provide the core 2 with one profiled surface. Profiling which includes ribs and grooves extending in the longitudinal direction of the core 2 enhances the stability of the core. When the accumulator is in use, the ribs 2a and grooves 2b are verticalornearly vertical.
Of course, the major surfaces of the core 2 could be profiled in a number of other ways without departing from the spirit of the invention. In each instance, the profiling enlarges the areas of the respective major sur-faces, and this reduces the current strength (i.e., the density of current) perunit area which, in turn, reduces the extent of corrosion during charging and discharge (i.e., the useful life of the core is longer).
The profiling of the major surfaces of the core 2 and/or of the inner surfaces of the layers 6 or 6~ exhibits another important advantage.
Thus, the protuberances or projections of the core and/or of the layers pre-vent undesirable sinking of active material. Moreover, the effectiveness of the improved structure, even during relatively short intervals of overload, is superior to that of conventional Ironclads or the like. It has been found that the core 2 exhibits a much greater resistance to deformation than a con-ventional grid or rod. Furthermore, even a very pronounced deformation cannot result in contact with a neighboring plate because of the provision of an en-velope ~layers 6 or 6', sheath 4, or a sheath plus porous layers). The slabs 3 are profiled at both sides, i.e., the areas of both major surfaces of each slab 3 greatly exceed the areas of flat surfaces. This reduces the likelihood of excessive accumulations of lead sulphate at the major surfaces of the core, even in the event of deep discharge.
;
~086380 The construction of the remaining components (including the con-tainer for electrolyte) of the accumulator forms no part of the invention.
To summarize: The improved structure exhibits very pronounced mechanical stability while offering little resistance to the flow of eletro-lyte into contact with the slabs 3. This aIlows for short-lasting overload-ing. The discharge curve of an accumulator which embodies the improved struc-ture is highly satisfactory and the useful life of the core 2 as well as of other components is surprisingly long. The enlargement of major surfaces of the core 2 reduces the current density per unit area which reduces the elec-trochemical corrosion during charging and discharging. Moreover, the solidcore 2 can stand such corrosive effects for much longer periods of time than a grid or rod of conventional design. The slabs 3 are properly confined from all sides so that they are unlikely to sink; at the same time, the slabs are readily accessible to the eletrolyte.
Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the gist of the present invention that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily adapt it for various applications without omitting features that, from the standpoint of prior art, fairly constitute essential characteristics of the generic and specific aspects of my contribution to the art and, therefore, such adaptations should and are intended to be comprehended within the mean-ing and range of equivalence of the claims.
;: . . . ~ , ,
Ih pr~ent~y kn~wn accu~Llators of the a ove outl med character, the envelope normally con515ts of ~ynthet-ic plastlc m~ter~al. The core oon-stitutes a g~id ~which has holes for act~ve matPrial) or a rod. A d~awback of such accumu~ators i~ that the u5eful l~fe of the core is mNch shorter than that of a b~x-sha~ed negatLve plate.
A~cording to one aspect of t ~ inv3ntion th~re ,LS p~ovided in an accumulator, the cc~b mation o a solid plate-like con~uctlve core; a body of active mat~rial contactin~ at l~ t the]major portion of the exterior of said core; and an envelope, which confines and contacts said active material, including porou layers surrounding said bcdy.
According to a seo~nd aspect of the invention there is provided ~n an accumulator, the oo~bination of a solid plate-like conductive core;
a body of active material contacting at least the major portion of the exterior of said core; and an envelope which aonfines said active material, includ mg porous layers surrounding said btody, said layers having inner surfaces in substantially o~ntinuaus contact with sald body and at least one of said surfaces be~ng profiled.
An advantage of the invention is to provide an accumulator with a novel and improved conductang core who~e useul life is longer than the use-ful life of pre æ ntly kncwn cores.
According to one e~bodiment the invention includes a oo~bination of elements which form part of an accumulator o storage battery and include a solid-plate like co~ductive lead-contaim ng core, a bcdy of active mEterial which surrnunds at least the major part of the exterior of the core ~such active material may forn two slabs which are Ln full surace-to-surface contact with the twc major suraces of the core), and an envelope which confines the active material. The envelope i~cludes pcrous layers which surround the active material .. ..
.
1(~86380 and may consist of sintered synthetic plastic material, of compacted rock wool, synthetic plastic filaments or glass fibers, or of other suitable material whichis highly resistant to corrosive action of electrolyte and can stand elevated temperatures. The envelope may further comprise an outer housing or sheath having a chamber for the aforedescribed elements. The side walls of the sheath are outwardly adjacent to the respective major surfaces of the core and have apertures (preferably vertical slots) which permit the electrolyte to pene-trate through the pores of the layers and to thus reach the active material.
The inner surfaces of the layers are undulated, serrated, provided with ridges and grooves or protuberances, or otherwise profiled to enlarge the area of con-tact with the active material.
The novel features which are considered as characteristic of the invention are set forth in particular in the appended claims. The improved accumulator itself, however, both as to its construction and its mode of opera-tion, together with additional features and advantages thereof, will be best understood upon perusal of the following detailed description of certain spec-ific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Figure 1 is a fragmentary perspective view of a portion of an accumu-lator which embodies one form of the invention;
Figure 2 is a horizontal sectional view of the structure which is shown in Figure 1 but showing two modified layers, and Figure 3 is an enlarged fragmentary perspective view of one of the layers shown in Figure 1.
Referring first to Figures 1 and 2, there is shown a portion or unit 1 of an accumulator or storage battery which comprises a solid plate-like con-ducting core 2, two panels of slabs 3 of active material which are adjacent to the major surfaces of the core 2, and a confining envelope including two porous layers 6 which flank the outer sides of the slabs 3. The envelope preferably further comprises a flat block-shaped apertured synthetic plastic housing or . . :. ~ , sheath 4 having a chamber which confines the elements 2, 3 and 6. The side walls 5 of the sheath 4 are adjacent to the exposed sides or surfaces of the respective layers 6.
The inner sides or surfaces of the layers 6 are profiled, i.e., they exhibit pronounced raised and recessed portions which can be seen in Figure 3. Such profiling results in pronounced increase of the areas of sur-faces which contact the outer sides of the slabs 3 and urge the slabs against the respective major surfaces of the conducting core 2. The material of the layers 6 is preferably formed with minute pores.
The area of the inner surface of each layer 6 can be increased in a number of ways, e.g., by imparting to such inner surface an undulate or ser-rated shape or by providing the inner surface with longitudinally extending alternating ribs and grooves. In accordance with one presently preferred em-bodiment (see Figure 2), the inner surfaces of the layers 6' have a large num-ber of relatively small ridges 6a the cross-section of each of which resembles an isosceles or equilateral triangle. Neighboring ridges 6a have abutting --edges. The extent to which the profiling increases the thickness of the res-pective layers 6' may be in the range of 1-2 mm, preferably about 1.5 mm.
Less pronounced profiling could result in rapid filling of grooves or other forms of recessed surface portions with lead sulphate. For example, the length of the sides of triangles shown in Figure 2 at the inner sides of layers 6~ may be within the aforementioned range (1-2 mm). Such layers can be produced at relatively low cost and the areas of their profiled surfaces greatly exceed the areas of equally large flat surfaces. The profiling of the inner surfaces of the layers should not be too pronounced because this would reduce the space which is available for the active material (slabs 3).
Figure 3 shows another presently preferred embodiment of the pro-filing of a layer. The layer 6 which is shown therein consists of a large number of hollow pyramids 8 whose square bases are located in a common plane and each of which has four sides each resembling an equilateral triangle.
The configuration of Figure 3 has been found to be especially suited for use in the improved accumulator because it insures a highly satisfactory contact between the slabs 3 and the electrolyte. Such contact is not impeded (or is impeded to a lesser extent) by development of lead sulphate barriers.
As mentioned above, the pyramids 8 of Figure 3 are hollow, i.e., the thickness of the material of the layers 6 may be constant or nearly con-stant. Otherwise stated, each protuberance (pyramid 8) at that side of a layer 6 which faces the respective slab 3 is located opposite a complementary recess or depression at the outer side of the same layer. Such uniform thick-ness of the porous layers insures that the electrolyte can pass through each and every zone thereof, including the apices of the pyramids. The layers 6 or 6~ can be produced by deep drawing, injection molding, press-forming or by re-sorting to any other suitable technique. The inclination of the planes of the sides of each pyramid with respect to the plane of the respective base is pre-ferab]y between 60 and 70 degrees.
The layers 6 and 6' can consist of sintered or filamentary synthe-tic plastic material, compacted glass fibers or rock wool, or any other mater-ial which exhibits high resistance to acids and can stand elevated tempera-tures.
The pyramids 8 of Figure 3 are but one of a wide variety of protub-erances which can constitute the profiling of inner surface of the layer 6.
For example, the illustrated pyramidal protuberances can be replaced with hollow prismatic, conical, frustoconical, cylindrical or partly conical and partly cylindrical protuberances. A feature common to all such protuberances is that the inner surface of the layer is profiled in several directions, i.eO
that it exhibits raised and recessed portions in a direction at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the core 2 (this also applies for the profil-ing 6a which is shown in Figure 2) as well as in the longitudinal direction of :: : , : . ..
108~380 the core. The provision of discrete protuberances instead of ridge-like pro-tuberances (6a) renders it possible to increase (almost by 100 percent) the quantity of active material in the recessed portions of the inner surface of the layer. With reference to Figure 3, this means that the quantity of ac-tive material which fills the spaces between the common plane of the bases and the common plane of the apices of the pyramids 8 is nearly twice the quan-tity of active material which fills the grooves between the ridges 6a of one of the layers 6' shown in Figure 2 ( it being assumed, of course, that the height of the pyramids 8 equals or closely approximates the height of the ridges 6a~.
By increasing the area of the inner surface of each layer 6 or 6~, one insures a more satisfactory contact between the electrolyte and the active material, even at maximum load and in spite of the development of lead sul-phate barriers.
As mentioned above, porous layers (6) having a substantially con-stant thickness (in spite of the protuberances 8) offer less resistance to the passage of electrolyte than layers (6') whose thickness varies, either period-ically (as shown in Figure 2) or at random.
It is also within the purview of the invention to omit the sheath 4, i.e., to confine the part 2 and the slabs 3 in an envelope which consists of porous material and is sufficiently stable to maintain the slabs 3 in con-tact with the respective major surfaces of the core 2. Alternatively, the layers 6 or 6~ can be omitted if the sheath 4 consists of porous material, and especially if the inner surfaces of the sheath are profiled in a manner as des-cribed in connection with the inner surfaces of the layers 6 and 6~. The walls of such sheath are functional equivalents of the layers 6 or 6~.
If the improved accumulator utilizes a sheath 4 for each group of _~s elements 2,3,6 or 2,3,6', the sheath may consist of polyvinyl chloride.
The apertures or holes 9 in the side walls 5 of the sheath 4 are .: . . .. . .
. .
preferably relatively large elongated slots which extend lengthwise of the sheath, i.e., they are vertical when the accumulator embodying the improved structure is in use. This enhances the stability of the sheath 4 without in-terfering with the flow of electrolyte into contact with the outer sides of the layers 6.
The narrow end walls 10 of the sheath 4 are formed with centrally located longitudinal internal grooves or channels 11 which receive the respec-tive longitudinal marginal portions 12 of the core 2. The insertion of margin-al portion 12 into the respective channels 11 results in satisfactory ~nchor-ing and enhances the stability of the core, i.e., the core is less likely to buckle or to undergo other types of deformation. Moreover, the channels 11 insure convenient and predictable insertion of the core 2 into the sheath 4.
Still further, limited buckling or other deformation of the plate-like core will not result in excessive shift from the desired optimum position in the center of the chamber which is defined by the sheath 4.
In accordance with a further feature of the invention, at least one major surface of the core 2 is profiled to thus enlarge the area of contact between such side and the respective slab 3. Figures 1 and 2 show that the cross-section of the core 2 has an undulate outline, i.e., the two major sur-faces of the core are formed with longitudinally extending rounded ribs 2awhich alternate with recesses 2b bounded by rounded surfaces. The profiled ; portions of the major surfaces of the core 2 are surrounded by a non-profiled rectangular reinforcing frame 12A which includes the aforementioned vertical marginal portions 12. The frame surrounds the central portion and contri-; butes to stability of the core 2. Also, the smooth surfaces of the portions 12 facilitate the insertion of core 2 into the channeled sheath 4.
The profiling of major surfaces of the core 2 enhances the passage of current and hence the effectiveness of the core. Moreover, such configur-ation of the major surfaces prolongs the useful life of the core. It is preferred to stagger the ribs and recesses of one major surface with respect to the ribs and recesses of the other major surface in such a way that each rib of one major surface is located directly opposite a recess in the other major surface, and vice versa.
It is equally within the purview of the invention to provide the core 2 with one profiled surface. Profiling which includes ribs and grooves extending in the longitudinal direction of the core 2 enhances the stability of the core. When the accumulator is in use, the ribs 2a and grooves 2b are verticalornearly vertical.
Of course, the major surfaces of the core 2 could be profiled in a number of other ways without departing from the spirit of the invention. In each instance, the profiling enlarges the areas of the respective major sur-faces, and this reduces the current strength (i.e., the density of current) perunit area which, in turn, reduces the extent of corrosion during charging and discharge (i.e., the useful life of the core is longer).
The profiling of the major surfaces of the core 2 and/or of the inner surfaces of the layers 6 or 6~ exhibits another important advantage.
Thus, the protuberances or projections of the core and/or of the layers pre-vent undesirable sinking of active material. Moreover, the effectiveness of the improved structure, even during relatively short intervals of overload, is superior to that of conventional Ironclads or the like. It has been found that the core 2 exhibits a much greater resistance to deformation than a con-ventional grid or rod. Furthermore, even a very pronounced deformation cannot result in contact with a neighboring plate because of the provision of an en-velope ~layers 6 or 6', sheath 4, or a sheath plus porous layers). The slabs 3 are profiled at both sides, i.e., the areas of both major surfaces of each slab 3 greatly exceed the areas of flat surfaces. This reduces the likelihood of excessive accumulations of lead sulphate at the major surfaces of the core, even in the event of deep discharge.
;
~086380 The construction of the remaining components (including the con-tainer for electrolyte) of the accumulator forms no part of the invention.
To summarize: The improved structure exhibits very pronounced mechanical stability while offering little resistance to the flow of eletro-lyte into contact with the slabs 3. This aIlows for short-lasting overload-ing. The discharge curve of an accumulator which embodies the improved struc-ture is highly satisfactory and the useful life of the core 2 as well as of other components is surprisingly long. The enlargement of major surfaces of the core 2 reduces the current density per unit area which reduces the elec-trochemical corrosion during charging and discharging. Moreover, the solidcore 2 can stand such corrosive effects for much longer periods of time than a grid or rod of conventional design. The slabs 3 are properly confined from all sides so that they are unlikely to sink; at the same time, the slabs are readily accessible to the eletrolyte.
Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the gist of the present invention that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily adapt it for various applications without omitting features that, from the standpoint of prior art, fairly constitute essential characteristics of the generic and specific aspects of my contribution to the art and, therefore, such adaptations should and are intended to be comprehended within the mean-ing and range of equivalence of the claims.
;: . . . ~ , ,
Claims (25)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. In an accumulator, the combination of a solid plate-like conductive core; a body of active material contacting at least the major portion of the exterior of said core; and an envelope, which confines and contacts said active material, including porous layers surrounding said body.
2. The combination of claim 1, wherein said layers have inner surfaces adjacent said body and at least one of said inner surfaces is profiled.
3. The combination of claim 1, wherein said core has two major surfaces and said body includes slabs sandwiched between said layers and the respective major surfaces.
4. The combination of claim 2, wherein the cross-section of said profiled inner surface includes raised and recessed portions.
5. The combination of claim 4, wherein said raised portions are ridges having a triangular cross-sectional outline.
6. The combination of claim 2, wherein the height of said raised portions is in the range of 1 to 2 mm.
7. The combination of claim 2, wherein said profiled inner surface comprises a plurality of protuberances.
8. The combination of claim 7, wherein said protuberances are pyramids each having a square base and four sides disposed in planes making an angle of between 60 to 70 degrees with the plane of the respective base.
9. The combination of claim 2, wherein the layer having said profiled inner surface has a subtantially constant thichness.
10. The combination of claim 1, wherein said layers consist of deep-drawn, extruded or molded synthetic plastic material.
11. The combination of claim 1, wherein said envelope consists of said layers.
12. The combination of claim 1, wherein said envelope further includes a hollow apertured sheath having a chamber for said core, said body and said layers.
13. The combination of claim 12, wherein said sheath consists of poly-vinyl chloride.
14. The combination of claim 12, wherein the apertures of said sheath are elongated slots which are substantially vertical when the accumulator is in use.
15. The combination of claim 12, wherein said core is elongated and includes two longitudinally extending marginal portions, said sheath including two apertured side walls and two end walls, at least one of said end walls having an internal channel for the respective marginal portion of said core.
16. The combination of claim 1, wherein said core has two major surfaces in contact with said active material and at least one of said major surfaces is profiled.
17. The combination of claim 16, wherein said core is elongated and said one major surface has alternating longitudinally extending ribs and grooves.
18. The combination of claim 17, wherein said ribs and grooves are sub-stantially vertical when the accumulator is in use.
19. The combination of claim 16, wherein each of said major surfaces is profiled and each of said major surfaces includes raised and recessed portions, each raised portion of one of said major surfaces being located opposite a recessed portion of the other of said major surfaces, and vice versa.
20. The combination of claim 1, wherein said core includes a central portion and a reinforcing frame surrounding said central portion.
21. The combination of claim 1, wherein said layers consist of acid-resistant material.
22. The combination of claim 21, wherein the material of said layers is selected from the group consisting of sintered synthetic plastic material.
compacted glass fibers, compacted synthetic plastic filaments and compacted rock wool.
compacted glass fibers, compacted synthetic plastic filaments and compacted rock wool.
23. The combination of claim 1 wherein said porous layers are profiled to enlarge the area of contact with the active material.
24. The combination of claim 1 wherein said porous layers are undulated, serrated and provided with ridges and grooves or protuberances.
25. In an accumulator, the combination of a solid plate-like conductive core; a body of active material contacting at least the major portion of the exterior of said core; and an envelope which confines said active material, including porous layers surrounding said body, said layers having inner surfaces an substantially continuous contact with said body and at least one of said surfaces being profiled.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2628223A DE2628223C3 (en) | 1976-06-23 | 1976-06-23 | Armor plate |
| DEP2628223.5 | 1976-06-23 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1086380A true CA1086380A (en) | 1980-09-23 |
Family
ID=5981274
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA280,707A Expired CA1086380A (en) | 1976-06-23 | 1977-06-16 | Accumulator with conductive core enclosed in active material and envelope |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS53835A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1086380A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2628223C3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES459873A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2356283A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1544786A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1080896B (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2746467C2 (en) * | 1977-10-15 | 1984-05-24 | Hans 7800 Freiburg Niggl | Process and device for the production of armor plates for lead-acid batteries and armor plates produced according to this process |
| FR2571549A1 (en) * | 1984-10-10 | 1986-04-11 | Diafred | Lead accumulator |
| JPS62111456U (en) * | 1985-12-28 | 1987-07-16 | ||
| DE4227915A1 (en) * | 1992-08-22 | 1994-02-24 | Friedhelm Mesmer | Electrode for lead@ batteries - has central lead@ sheet coated on both sides with active materials |
| DE102012009413A1 (en) * | 2012-05-11 | 2013-11-14 | Hans Kilian Fremmer | Cathode plate for use in lead rechargeable battery of motor car, has partly porous surface and baggy structure, where plate is dipped in diluted sulfur-acid solution and separated at cathode metallic lead |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL282243A (en) * | ||||
| FR355745A (en) * | 1905-06-29 | 1905-11-10 | Albert Ricks | Electrode plate for electric accumulators with provisions for gas elimination |
| FR424008A (en) * | 1909-12-06 | 1911-05-03 | Pierre Joseph Kamperdyk | Electrode for secondary batteries |
| FR467588A (en) * | 1914-01-22 | 1914-06-15 | Alphonse Eugene Richard | Electrode accumulator with active material on the surface |
| FR820910A (en) * | 1936-05-26 | 1937-11-22 | Improvements to lead-acid batteries | |
| GB535924A (en) * | 1939-05-13 | 1941-04-25 | Int Latex Processes Ltd | Improvements in or relating to storage battery paste-retaining envelopes |
| BE496052A (en) * | 1949-03-04 | 1950-09-16 | ||
| FR1026543A (en) * | 1950-10-26 | 1953-04-28 | Improvements to enclosures for electrodes of electric accumulators and similar devices | |
| US2655456A (en) * | 1951-03-05 | 1953-10-13 | Manganese Battery Corp | Manganese dioxide for primary cells |
| LU33102A1 (en) * | 1954-09-13 | |||
| BE575972A (en) * | 1958-03-27 | |||
| US3103461A (en) * | 1958-12-19 | 1963-09-10 | Battery separator and method for manufacture thereof | |
| US3486940A (en) * | 1968-07-30 | 1969-12-30 | Samuel Ruben | Storage battery having a positive electrode comprising a supporting base of titanium nitride having a surface film of non-polarizing material |
-
1976
- 1976-06-23 DE DE2628223A patent/DE2628223C3/en not_active Expired
-
1977
- 1977-04-25 GB GB17143/77A patent/GB1544786A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-04-27 FR FR7713993A patent/FR2356283A1/en active Granted
- 1977-06-15 IT IT24690/77A patent/IT1080896B/en active
- 1977-06-16 CA CA280,707A patent/CA1086380A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-06-17 ES ES459873A patent/ES459873A1/en not_active Expired
- 1977-06-23 JP JP7491277A patent/JPS53835A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT1080896B (en) | 1985-05-16 |
| FR2356283A1 (en) | 1978-01-20 |
| JPS53835A (en) | 1978-01-07 |
| JPS6211454B2 (en) | 1987-03-12 |
| GB1544786A (en) | 1979-04-25 |
| DE2628223A1 (en) | 1977-12-29 |
| DE2628223C3 (en) | 1979-04-05 |
| FR2356283B1 (en) | 1982-09-10 |
| ES459873A1 (en) | 1978-04-01 |
| DE2628223B2 (en) | 1978-08-03 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |