CA1085213A - Plough with right-hand and left-hand ploughshare pairs - Google Patents
Plough with right-hand and left-hand ploughshare pairsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1085213A CA1085213A CA317,979A CA317979A CA1085213A CA 1085213 A CA1085213 A CA 1085213A CA 317979 A CA317979 A CA 317979A CA 1085213 A CA1085213 A CA 1085213A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- frame
- swing
- over
- saddle frame
- axis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B3/00—Ploughs with fixed plough-shares
- A01B3/46—Ploughs supported partly by tractor and partly by their own wheels
- A01B3/464—Alternating ploughs with frame rotating about a horizontal axis, e.g. turn-wrest ploughs
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
- Agricultural Machines (AREA)
- Guiding Agricultural Machines (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A plough has right-hand and left-hand ploughshare pairs mounted on a swing-over saddle frame extending backwards diagonally with respect to the direction of advance. The frame is supported by a 2-wheeled carriage by means of a T-frame which provides two axes of rotation perpendicular to each other. Two single-acting, swing-over cylinders are each pivoted at the bot-tom end to the T-frame on a fore-and-aft pivot axis and connected at the top end with the saddle frame. The cylinders rise upwards so that their pistons approach each other in inverted V-formation. The upper ends of the pistons work in guiding slots in plates of a guiding system fixed to a middle portion of the saddle frame and in further slots in cheek plates of a rocker. This rocker pilots on a fore-and-aft axis of the T-frame. The T-frame and/or the carriage has supports for the saddle frame in its various positions.
A plough has right-hand and left-hand ploughshare pairs mounted on a swing-over saddle frame extending backwards diagonally with respect to the direction of advance. The frame is supported by a 2-wheeled carriage by means of a T-frame which provides two axes of rotation perpendicular to each other. Two single-acting, swing-over cylinders are each pivoted at the bot-tom end to the T-frame on a fore-and-aft pivot axis and connected at the top end with the saddle frame. The cylinders rise upwards so that their pistons approach each other in inverted V-formation. The upper ends of the pistons work in guiding slots in plates of a guiding system fixed to a middle portion of the saddle frame and in further slots in cheek plates of a rocker. This rocker pilots on a fore-and-aft axis of the T-frame. The T-frame and/or the carriage has supports for the saddle frame in its various positions.
Description
; `
~35Z~L3 The invention relates to a plough with right-hand and l.eft-hand ploughshare pairs mounted on a swing-over saddle frame extending backwards diagonally with respect to t.he direction of advance of the plough,.the front end of the saddle frame being hitched to the lifting fork o.f a tractor, the saddle frame being supported by a single-axle 2-wheeled carriage by means of a T-frame which provides two axes of rotati.on perpendicular to each other, the one axis serving as a pivot axis for the front end of .
10 the -trailing-lînk chassis of the carriage, and therefore ;:
extendi.ng transversely and substantially paralle1 to the wheel-axis of the carriage, the other axis, above the --first, serving as the swing-over axis of the saddle frame and therefore extending fore-and-aft approximately in the 15 direction of advance of the plough, the T~frame having a :
lift:ing cylinder, connected between the saddle frame and the carriage chassis and, forward of thi.s, at least one swi.ng-over cylinder pivoted to the T-frame on a fore-and-aft pivot axis and engaging, by its other end, with the saddle frame, the plough also being equipped with supl)orting, locking and adjustment devices for securing the saddIe :frame in its working and transportation posltionsO
Ploughs of this general kind are known in a wide variety of forms. The main variations are concerned with 25 . the .qwing-over mechanism for swinging the saddle-frame over froln the one side to the other, with the mechanism used or lii`t.i.ng the saddle frame upwards relative to a supporting whefl, and with the mechanical or hydraulic control system provided for controlling these movements.
In beet ploughs a hydraulically actuated lifting `'' q~
~: `
- - -~a~8sz~3 mechanism wi-th a single supporting wheel has been known for a long time.
And ploughs are known in which a saddle frame is swung over from the one lateral working position to the other, through an intermediate transport position. But in the known swing-over saddle frame ploughs the entire construction, with provision for the various movements of lowering the saddle frame for ploughing, lifting it, swinging it over, securing it in its working and transport positions and controlling all these operations from the fore-frame of the plough, involves a considerable degree of mechanical complexity.
In a known plough (German Offenlegungsschrift 25 35 271) the swing-over saddle frame, equipped with right-hand and left-hand ploughshare pairs, is supported at its leading end by a fore-frame hitched to the powered lifting fork of a tractor. The trailing end of the saddle frame is supported by a wheeled carriage which runs along on the ground. A powered device æwings the saddle frame over, on axes extending fore-and-aft approximately in the direction of advance of the plough, between its -two ~;
la-teral working positions, for right-hand and left-hand ploughing, and into a transport position. A lifting cylinder acts between the wheeled carriage and a frame-part fixed to the trailing end of the saddle frame. The frame-part supports a pivot for the carriage and also supports the swing-over pivot for the saddle frame. A
working cylinder connected to the frame-part powers the swinging-over of the saddle frame, stabilizes the carriage and displaces the centre of gravity between the carriage ~;
, .
~85Z13 and the trailing end of the saddle frame. The workin~
cylinder is a double~acting hydraulic cylinder and is connected to the saddle frame through a rocker. One cylinder chamber of the working cylinder is connec-ted through a hydraulic passage to the single-acting lifting cy~inder, which acts as a hydraulic reservoir for the working cylinder. Consequently the carriage load is -transmitted through the lifting cylinder to the working cylinder.
This known arrangement has several disadvantages.
One chamber, towards the piston, of the working cylinder communicates through a cont:rollable non-return valve with a pressureless storage tank for hydraulic fluid.
Nevertheless, it is not possible to adjust with satisfactory ~-precision the sideways-leaning angle of the plough in its two lateral working positions by actuation of the working cylinder. And the fluctuating loads which occur during ploughing greatly stress the entire hydraulic system of the plough.
A further disadvantage occurs when the plough -`
approaches the end of the furrow, that is to say the termination of the array of furrows made by the set of ploughshares. When the plough is lifted the carriage, due to its mobility relative to the saddle frame, can topple over sideways, rotating on the swing-over axis of the saddle frame, which extends essentially fore-and-aft in t~le direction of advance of the plough, particularly if the carriage is already leaning over exc-essively on uneven ground. For preventing the carriage from toppling over, devices are knoun which connect the carriage to the .
, : ~
~0852~L3 fore-frame in such a way that the saddle frame can swing in all the necessary direc-tions relative to the tractor, but tlle carriage cannot rotate rela-tive to the fore-framé.
For example, a rod can be provided which extends approximately parallel to the saddle frame and is connected through a universal join-t to the fore-frame and to the carriage. And it has been proposed to connect the fore-frame to the carriage hydraulically by inter-posing a hydraulic cylinder to act between the fore-frame and the saddle frame, and a further one to act between the carriage and the saddle frame, and connecting the two cylinders together by a hydraulic line in such a way that the carriage cannot move relative to the saddle frame independently of the fore-frame.
But these arrangements are comparatively complex, and if they are entirely mechanical a cumbersome construction results. They have the further disadvantage that when it is desired to change to a different number of ploughshare pairs, in adaptation to different ploughlng circumstances, it is necessary to lengthen or shorten ~he colmecting members between the fore-frame and the carriage.
Moreover, they impede the movements of the carriage over uneven ground.
To remedy these disadvantages it is known to equip (German Offenlegungsschrift 25 34 077) the carriage with a device which responds to the sideways leaning of the carriage. The device has an automatic lock which limits the angle arising between the saddle frame and the carriage.
As soon as the sideways-leaning angle of the carriage exceeds a certain value, the lock engages. The device ;2~3 can be purely mechanical, or hydraulic. But in both of its two versions the device is comparatively complex and it is highly stressed by the fluctuating loads occurring during ploughing operations.
The intention in the present invention is to pro-vide a plough of the kind described at the beginning, with hydraulically actuated devices for lifting and swinging-over the saddle frame between its two lateral working positions, and with devices for adjusting the sideways-leaning angle of the saddle frame in its two working positions, for vertically adjusting ploughing depth, and for locking the saddle frame in its central position for transportation, all in such a way that a simple and robust construction is obtained and so that the plough is safe and simple to operate. The invention can be applied to heavy ploughs with multiple pairs of ploughshares and to those in which the individual ploughshare pairs are attached to the saddle frame by overload safety connections.
According to the invention there is provided a plough with right-hand and left-hand ploughshare pairs mounted on a swing-over saddle frame extending backwards diagonally with re-spect to the direction of advance of the plough, the front end of the saddle frame being adapted for hitching to the lifting fork of a tractor, the saddle frame being supported by a single-axle 2-wheeled carriage by means of a T-frame which provides two axes of rotation perpendicular to each other, the one axis serving as a pivot axis for the front end of a trailing-link chassis of the carriage, and therefore extending trans-versely and substantially parallel to the wheel-axis of the :
`: -. , :" .:;. ,~ '` .`.. ' . :'.:: .. : . : ::',:'. . ::.. . :: : . ,`' ` . .' :
~352~3 carriage, the other axis, above the first, serving as the swing-over axis of the saddle frame and therefore extending fore-and-aft approximately in the direction of advance of the plough, the T-frame having a lifting cylinder, connected between the saddle frame and the carriage chassis and, forward of this, two single-acting, swing-over cylinders each pivoted to the T-frame on a fore-and-aft pivot axis and engaging, by its other end, with the saddle frame, the plough also being equipped with supporting, locking and adjustment devices for securing the saddle frame in its working and transportation positions, said swing-over cylinders being pivoted at their lower ends to the T-frame on pivots spaced apart on either side of the swing-over axis of the saddle frame, the swing-over cylinders rising upwards so that their pistons approach each other in inverted V-formation, the upper ends of the pistons working in guiding slots in slot~
ted plates of a guiding system fixed to a middle portion of the saddle frame, and in further slots in the cheek plates of a rocker which pivots on a fore-and-aft axis of the T-frame par-allel to the swing-over axis, the T-frame and/or the carriage having supports for supporting the saddle frame laterally in its two working positions, for supporting it centrally and at an adjustable depth during ploughing and for supporting it centrally during transportation.
The invention has the advantage that all the devices used for lifting the saddle frame, for swinging it over, for adjusting the sideways-leaning angle of the saddle frame in each working position and for securing it, in its working and transport positions, to its wide-track 2-wheeled carriage, are 1~35~3 brought together in a simple constructional unit, making the plough easy and safe to operate, with good access to the parts. In particular, the fore-frame is free from the actuating and locking devices used in ploughing opera-tions and for transportation on the road. A simple uni-versal joint, adjustable in position sideways, is all that is required on the fore-frame for hitching the plough to the lifting fork of the tractor. The plough follows the tractor, without any additional steering system, in the manner of an ordinary l-axle 2-wheeled trailer, both during - ploughing and during transportation on the road. The car-riage preferably supports the saddle frame near half-way between the leading and trailing ends of the plough. This ; has static and dynamic advantages, giving a favourable fore-and-aft equilibrium of the masses both during ploughing and during transportation. The furrows are formed regularly, both when the saddle frame is being lowered and when it is subsequently raised at the termina.tion of the array of furrows.
If the carriage and the lifting and swinging-over devices are suitably dimensioned, the leading and the trailing portions of the saddle frame can be removed, that is to say detached from the middle portion, and re-placed by longer or shorter frame portions, allowing a greater or lesser number of ploughshare pairs to be used, in adaptation to different kinds of ground, without it being necessary to modify the carriage chassis, the . lifting cylinder, the swing-over cylinders or the securing ; ' :, ,.
, .
' , ' , ,' . ! ' ~ ' ', ',' .' . . ' , ,' ,' ' ' ,. :! , " ' ' ,', , ,~ ' ' ' ' . ': ' ' . . . , ' . . ' ' " .,, . ', ' ! ,, ~ ',,, , ,,, ',,, . ' .
'' ' ~ '' . '' , ' ', ' . '' ' '' ' ",,', ;,',' ''' . ';. ': 11,., ' ` ,' , ` ' 1~8529~3 and locking devices.
A vertically adjustable spindle for adjusting ploughing depth is preferably combined with the device for locking the saddle frame in its transportation position. A locking web fixed to the carriage chassis acts as the support for the ad~ustable spindle.
Moreover, the arrangement provides an unusually simple and robust lock for securing the saddle frame in its central position during transportation of the plough.
Preferably the two synchronously counter-acting swing-over cylinders and the lifting cylinder are all single-acting hydraulic cylinders connected independently through individual hydraulic passages and hoses containing adjustable return-flow throttling constrictions to a control on the tractor connected to the tractor hydraulic system. By this arrangement there is obtained an exceptionally robust construction consisting of only a few reliable and conventional, easily purchased parts which are quick and easy to repair or replace.
In swinging the saddle frame over from the one working position to the other, in the first phase of this movement one of the two swing-over cylinders extends, thrusting the saddle frame up as far as its central ;~' equilibrium position. The saddle frame then descends , . _ g _ 1~352~3 under gravity into its other working position, the second swing-over cylinder retarding the descent of the saddle frame by expulsion of hydraulic fluid through its adjustable throttling constriction, so that the saddle frame is let down gently into its working position. For returning the saddle frame to its first working position, the dri~er of the tractor actuates his control, reversing :~t the actions of the two swing-over cylinders.
An example of the invention is represented in the : 10 drawings, ln which :
Figure 1 is a side view of the plough, with the saddle frame in its right-hand working posi-tion;
Figure 2 is a plan view corresponding to Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a side view of the plough, with the saddle frame in its transportation position;
Figure 4 is a back view of the plough, as seen iIl the direction of the arrow IV in Figure 3;
Figure 5 is a three-dimensional sketch showing the T-franile and the swing-over mechanism, the lifting cylinder and the support spindles for adjusting the sideways~leaning angle, or roll angle, of the saddle frame, which is here shown in its right-hand working position;
Figure 6 is a further three-dimensional sketch, this one showing the saddle frame in its centri~lized position, ready for transportation;
Figure 7 is a side view of the T-frame;
- Figure 8 is a front view of the T-frame, seen in ~r tl1e direction of the arrow VIII in Figure 7;
Figure 9 shows the middle portion of the saddle frame as seen from underneath when the saddle frame is :; .
., ~`
1~85Z~3 in its centralized position, ready for transportation;
Figure 10 is a side view as seen in the direction of the arrow X in Figure 9;
~; Figures 11 and 12 show slotted parts of the swing-over mechanism;
Figure 13 is a partly sectioned back view, as seen in tile direction of the arrows XIII in Figure 1, drawn to~
~ a larger scale and showing parts of the swing~over ; mechanism, the saddle frame being in its right-hand `` 10 working position;
~:~ Figure 14 is a partly sectioned back view, as seen in the direction of the arrows XIV in Figure 3, the saddle frame being in its central, transportation position;
Figure 15 shows the swing-over mechanism in an intermediate position, the saddle frame descending towards its left-hand working position;
Figure 16 shows the swing-over mechanism with the saddle fr~me in its left-hand working position; and Figure 17 represents diagrammatically the hydraulic .: 20 system for the two swing-over cylind.ers and the lifting ~`
cylinder of the plough. .
- In the drawing, Figures 1 to 4 show a plough 1 - hitched to a trac-tor 2 which has, for towing the plough, ..
~: a powered lifting fork 3 with two fork arms 4a, 4b .
25 supporting a transverse connecting rail 6 mounted to pivot on a horizontal axis 6a extending transversely across the f :.~ direction of advance 20 of the plough. The plough has a `~ ~ saddle frame 11 hitched to the rail 6 through a universal joint 7 whose front end is pivoted to the rail 6 on a j 30 vertical axis 8. The front.~nd of the saddle frame 11 ~'' ` '' :
.
~5Z13 is pivoted -to the universal joint 7 on a horizontal fore-and-aft axis 9. The saddle frame 11 can, if desired, be connected to the universal joint 7 by a perforated crossbar 12 with a transverse fine-adjustment spi~ldle 13, or with two such spindles extending parallel to each other, to allow the plough to be adjusted in position sideways wi-th respect to the tractor 2. ,~
As shown in Figures 1 to 4, the saddle frame 11 comprises three portions 11a, llb, llc forming angles with each other. The middle portion llb extends fore-and-aft, in the direction of advance of the plough. But the saddle frame 11 as a whole extends, when the plough is working, as shown in Figure 2, diagonally backwards from the tractor 2. The saddle frame 11 sup~70rts, 15 distributed along its length, several pairs of left-hand and right-hand ploughshares~14a, 14b, 1~o, l~ld, 14e, each pair connected to the saddle frame 11 by a hydraulic overload safety connector 15. The middle portion llb of the saddle frame 11, situated between ploughshare pairs l~c and 14d, is supported by a wide-track single-axle
~35Z~L3 The invention relates to a plough with right-hand and l.eft-hand ploughshare pairs mounted on a swing-over saddle frame extending backwards diagonally with respect to t.he direction of advance of the plough,.the front end of the saddle frame being hitched to the lifting fork o.f a tractor, the saddle frame being supported by a single-axle 2-wheeled carriage by means of a T-frame which provides two axes of rotati.on perpendicular to each other, the one axis serving as a pivot axis for the front end of .
10 the -trailing-lînk chassis of the carriage, and therefore ;:
extendi.ng transversely and substantially paralle1 to the wheel-axis of the carriage, the other axis, above the --first, serving as the swing-over axis of the saddle frame and therefore extending fore-and-aft approximately in the 15 direction of advance of the plough, the T~frame having a :
lift:ing cylinder, connected between the saddle frame and the carriage chassis and, forward of thi.s, at least one swi.ng-over cylinder pivoted to the T-frame on a fore-and-aft pivot axis and engaging, by its other end, with the saddle frame, the plough also being equipped with supl)orting, locking and adjustment devices for securing the saddIe :frame in its working and transportation posltionsO
Ploughs of this general kind are known in a wide variety of forms. The main variations are concerned with 25 . the .qwing-over mechanism for swinging the saddle-frame over froln the one side to the other, with the mechanism used or lii`t.i.ng the saddle frame upwards relative to a supporting whefl, and with the mechanical or hydraulic control system provided for controlling these movements.
In beet ploughs a hydraulically actuated lifting `'' q~
~: `
- - -~a~8sz~3 mechanism wi-th a single supporting wheel has been known for a long time.
And ploughs are known in which a saddle frame is swung over from the one lateral working position to the other, through an intermediate transport position. But in the known swing-over saddle frame ploughs the entire construction, with provision for the various movements of lowering the saddle frame for ploughing, lifting it, swinging it over, securing it in its working and transport positions and controlling all these operations from the fore-frame of the plough, involves a considerable degree of mechanical complexity.
In a known plough (German Offenlegungsschrift 25 35 271) the swing-over saddle frame, equipped with right-hand and left-hand ploughshare pairs, is supported at its leading end by a fore-frame hitched to the powered lifting fork of a tractor. The trailing end of the saddle frame is supported by a wheeled carriage which runs along on the ground. A powered device æwings the saddle frame over, on axes extending fore-and-aft approximately in the direction of advance of the plough, between its -two ~;
la-teral working positions, for right-hand and left-hand ploughing, and into a transport position. A lifting cylinder acts between the wheeled carriage and a frame-part fixed to the trailing end of the saddle frame. The frame-part supports a pivot for the carriage and also supports the swing-over pivot for the saddle frame. A
working cylinder connected to the frame-part powers the swinging-over of the saddle frame, stabilizes the carriage and displaces the centre of gravity between the carriage ~;
, .
~85Z13 and the trailing end of the saddle frame. The workin~
cylinder is a double~acting hydraulic cylinder and is connected to the saddle frame through a rocker. One cylinder chamber of the working cylinder is connec-ted through a hydraulic passage to the single-acting lifting cy~inder, which acts as a hydraulic reservoir for the working cylinder. Consequently the carriage load is -transmitted through the lifting cylinder to the working cylinder.
This known arrangement has several disadvantages.
One chamber, towards the piston, of the working cylinder communicates through a cont:rollable non-return valve with a pressureless storage tank for hydraulic fluid.
Nevertheless, it is not possible to adjust with satisfactory ~-precision the sideways-leaning angle of the plough in its two lateral working positions by actuation of the working cylinder. And the fluctuating loads which occur during ploughing greatly stress the entire hydraulic system of the plough.
A further disadvantage occurs when the plough -`
approaches the end of the furrow, that is to say the termination of the array of furrows made by the set of ploughshares. When the plough is lifted the carriage, due to its mobility relative to the saddle frame, can topple over sideways, rotating on the swing-over axis of the saddle frame, which extends essentially fore-and-aft in t~le direction of advance of the plough, particularly if the carriage is already leaning over exc-essively on uneven ground. For preventing the carriage from toppling over, devices are knoun which connect the carriage to the .
, : ~
~0852~L3 fore-frame in such a way that the saddle frame can swing in all the necessary direc-tions relative to the tractor, but tlle carriage cannot rotate rela-tive to the fore-framé.
For example, a rod can be provided which extends approximately parallel to the saddle frame and is connected through a universal join-t to the fore-frame and to the carriage. And it has been proposed to connect the fore-frame to the carriage hydraulically by inter-posing a hydraulic cylinder to act between the fore-frame and the saddle frame, and a further one to act between the carriage and the saddle frame, and connecting the two cylinders together by a hydraulic line in such a way that the carriage cannot move relative to the saddle frame independently of the fore-frame.
But these arrangements are comparatively complex, and if they are entirely mechanical a cumbersome construction results. They have the further disadvantage that when it is desired to change to a different number of ploughshare pairs, in adaptation to different ploughlng circumstances, it is necessary to lengthen or shorten ~he colmecting members between the fore-frame and the carriage.
Moreover, they impede the movements of the carriage over uneven ground.
To remedy these disadvantages it is known to equip (German Offenlegungsschrift 25 34 077) the carriage with a device which responds to the sideways leaning of the carriage. The device has an automatic lock which limits the angle arising between the saddle frame and the carriage.
As soon as the sideways-leaning angle of the carriage exceeds a certain value, the lock engages. The device ;2~3 can be purely mechanical, or hydraulic. But in both of its two versions the device is comparatively complex and it is highly stressed by the fluctuating loads occurring during ploughing operations.
The intention in the present invention is to pro-vide a plough of the kind described at the beginning, with hydraulically actuated devices for lifting and swinging-over the saddle frame between its two lateral working positions, and with devices for adjusting the sideways-leaning angle of the saddle frame in its two working positions, for vertically adjusting ploughing depth, and for locking the saddle frame in its central position for transportation, all in such a way that a simple and robust construction is obtained and so that the plough is safe and simple to operate. The invention can be applied to heavy ploughs with multiple pairs of ploughshares and to those in which the individual ploughshare pairs are attached to the saddle frame by overload safety connections.
According to the invention there is provided a plough with right-hand and left-hand ploughshare pairs mounted on a swing-over saddle frame extending backwards diagonally with re-spect to the direction of advance of the plough, the front end of the saddle frame being adapted for hitching to the lifting fork of a tractor, the saddle frame being supported by a single-axle 2-wheeled carriage by means of a T-frame which provides two axes of rotation perpendicular to each other, the one axis serving as a pivot axis for the front end of a trailing-link chassis of the carriage, and therefore extending trans-versely and substantially parallel to the wheel-axis of the :
`: -. , :" .:;. ,~ '` .`.. ' . :'.:: .. : . : ::',:'. . ::.. . :: : . ,`' ` . .' :
~352~3 carriage, the other axis, above the first, serving as the swing-over axis of the saddle frame and therefore extending fore-and-aft approximately in the direction of advance of the plough, the T-frame having a lifting cylinder, connected between the saddle frame and the carriage chassis and, forward of this, two single-acting, swing-over cylinders each pivoted to the T-frame on a fore-and-aft pivot axis and engaging, by its other end, with the saddle frame, the plough also being equipped with supporting, locking and adjustment devices for securing the saddle frame in its working and transportation positions, said swing-over cylinders being pivoted at their lower ends to the T-frame on pivots spaced apart on either side of the swing-over axis of the saddle frame, the swing-over cylinders rising upwards so that their pistons approach each other in inverted V-formation, the upper ends of the pistons working in guiding slots in slot~
ted plates of a guiding system fixed to a middle portion of the saddle frame, and in further slots in the cheek plates of a rocker which pivots on a fore-and-aft axis of the T-frame par-allel to the swing-over axis, the T-frame and/or the carriage having supports for supporting the saddle frame laterally in its two working positions, for supporting it centrally and at an adjustable depth during ploughing and for supporting it centrally during transportation.
The invention has the advantage that all the devices used for lifting the saddle frame, for swinging it over, for adjusting the sideways-leaning angle of the saddle frame in each working position and for securing it, in its working and transport positions, to its wide-track 2-wheeled carriage, are 1~35~3 brought together in a simple constructional unit, making the plough easy and safe to operate, with good access to the parts. In particular, the fore-frame is free from the actuating and locking devices used in ploughing opera-tions and for transportation on the road. A simple uni-versal joint, adjustable in position sideways, is all that is required on the fore-frame for hitching the plough to the lifting fork of the tractor. The plough follows the tractor, without any additional steering system, in the manner of an ordinary l-axle 2-wheeled trailer, both during - ploughing and during transportation on the road. The car-riage preferably supports the saddle frame near half-way between the leading and trailing ends of the plough. This ; has static and dynamic advantages, giving a favourable fore-and-aft equilibrium of the masses both during ploughing and during transportation. The furrows are formed regularly, both when the saddle frame is being lowered and when it is subsequently raised at the termina.tion of the array of furrows.
If the carriage and the lifting and swinging-over devices are suitably dimensioned, the leading and the trailing portions of the saddle frame can be removed, that is to say detached from the middle portion, and re-placed by longer or shorter frame portions, allowing a greater or lesser number of ploughshare pairs to be used, in adaptation to different kinds of ground, without it being necessary to modify the carriage chassis, the . lifting cylinder, the swing-over cylinders or the securing ; ' :, ,.
, .
' , ' , ,' . ! ' ~ ' ', ',' .' . . ' , ,' ,' ' ' ,. :! , " ' ' ,', , ,~ ' ' ' ' . ': ' ' . . . , ' . . ' ' " .,, . ', ' ! ,, ~ ',,, , ,,, ',,, . ' .
'' ' ~ '' . '' , ' ', ' . '' ' '' ' ",,', ;,',' ''' . ';. ': 11,., ' ` ,' , ` ' 1~8529~3 and locking devices.
A vertically adjustable spindle for adjusting ploughing depth is preferably combined with the device for locking the saddle frame in its transportation position. A locking web fixed to the carriage chassis acts as the support for the ad~ustable spindle.
Moreover, the arrangement provides an unusually simple and robust lock for securing the saddle frame in its central position during transportation of the plough.
Preferably the two synchronously counter-acting swing-over cylinders and the lifting cylinder are all single-acting hydraulic cylinders connected independently through individual hydraulic passages and hoses containing adjustable return-flow throttling constrictions to a control on the tractor connected to the tractor hydraulic system. By this arrangement there is obtained an exceptionally robust construction consisting of only a few reliable and conventional, easily purchased parts which are quick and easy to repair or replace.
In swinging the saddle frame over from the one working position to the other, in the first phase of this movement one of the two swing-over cylinders extends, thrusting the saddle frame up as far as its central ;~' equilibrium position. The saddle frame then descends , . _ g _ 1~352~3 under gravity into its other working position, the second swing-over cylinder retarding the descent of the saddle frame by expulsion of hydraulic fluid through its adjustable throttling constriction, so that the saddle frame is let down gently into its working position. For returning the saddle frame to its first working position, the dri~er of the tractor actuates his control, reversing :~t the actions of the two swing-over cylinders.
An example of the invention is represented in the : 10 drawings, ln which :
Figure 1 is a side view of the plough, with the saddle frame in its right-hand working posi-tion;
Figure 2 is a plan view corresponding to Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a side view of the plough, with the saddle frame in its transportation position;
Figure 4 is a back view of the plough, as seen iIl the direction of the arrow IV in Figure 3;
Figure 5 is a three-dimensional sketch showing the T-franile and the swing-over mechanism, the lifting cylinder and the support spindles for adjusting the sideways~leaning angle, or roll angle, of the saddle frame, which is here shown in its right-hand working position;
Figure 6 is a further three-dimensional sketch, this one showing the saddle frame in its centri~lized position, ready for transportation;
Figure 7 is a side view of the T-frame;
- Figure 8 is a front view of the T-frame, seen in ~r tl1e direction of the arrow VIII in Figure 7;
Figure 9 shows the middle portion of the saddle frame as seen from underneath when the saddle frame is :; .
., ~`
1~85Z~3 in its centralized position, ready for transportation;
Figure 10 is a side view as seen in the direction of the arrow X in Figure 9;
~; Figures 11 and 12 show slotted parts of the swing-over mechanism;
Figure 13 is a partly sectioned back view, as seen in tile direction of the arrows XIII in Figure 1, drawn to~
~ a larger scale and showing parts of the swing~over ; mechanism, the saddle frame being in its right-hand `` 10 working position;
~:~ Figure 14 is a partly sectioned back view, as seen in the direction of the arrows XIV in Figure 3, the saddle frame being in its central, transportation position;
Figure 15 shows the swing-over mechanism in an intermediate position, the saddle frame descending towards its left-hand working position;
Figure 16 shows the swing-over mechanism with the saddle fr~me in its left-hand working position; and Figure 17 represents diagrammatically the hydraulic .: 20 system for the two swing-over cylind.ers and the lifting ~`
cylinder of the plough. .
- In the drawing, Figures 1 to 4 show a plough 1 - hitched to a trac-tor 2 which has, for towing the plough, ..
~: a powered lifting fork 3 with two fork arms 4a, 4b .
25 supporting a transverse connecting rail 6 mounted to pivot on a horizontal axis 6a extending transversely across the f :.~ direction of advance 20 of the plough. The plough has a `~ ~ saddle frame 11 hitched to the rail 6 through a universal joint 7 whose front end is pivoted to the rail 6 on a j 30 vertical axis 8. The front.~nd of the saddle frame 11 ~'' ` '' :
.
~5Z13 is pivoted -to the universal joint 7 on a horizontal fore-and-aft axis 9. The saddle frame 11 can, if desired, be connected to the universal joint 7 by a perforated crossbar 12 with a transverse fine-adjustment spi~ldle 13, or with two such spindles extending parallel to each other, to allow the plough to be adjusted in position sideways wi-th respect to the tractor 2. ,~
As shown in Figures 1 to 4, the saddle frame 11 comprises three portions 11a, llb, llc forming angles with each other. The middle portion llb extends fore-and-aft, in the direction of advance of the plough. But the saddle frame 11 as a whole extends, when the plough is working, as shown in Figure 2, diagonally backwards from the tractor 2. The saddle frame 11 sup~70rts, 15 distributed along its length, several pairs of left-hand and right-hand ploughshares~14a, 14b, 1~o, l~ld, 14e, each pair connected to the saddle frame 11 by a hydraulic overload safety connector 15. The middle portion llb of the saddle frame 11, situated between ploughshare pairs l~c and 14d, is supported by a wide-track single-axle
2-wheeled carriage 16. Mounted on the carriage 16, for .. supporting the saddle frame 11, is a T-frame 17 (Figures . 1 to 3, 5, 7, 8 and 13 to 16) to which the carriage 16 is pivoted on a transverse axis 18 IFigure 2). The saddle frame 11 is pivoted to the T-frame 17 on a fore-and-aft axi.s 19, situated above the transverse axis 18, so as to allow the saddle frame 11 to swing over, from onc side to the other, in changing from right-hand to left-hand ploughing, and vice versa. The carriage 16 has a trai.ling-link chassis 161 pivoted at its front end ,' . :
" , .
108S~13 to swing up and down on the transverse axis lo, which extends parallel to the wheel axis 162 of the carriage.
A lifting cylinder 21 is pivoted at its upper end to an upright web 171 of the aft end of the T-frame 17, and at its lower end to the carriage l6, the lifting cylinder 21 sloping downwards and backwards to the carriage. In front of the lifting cylinder 21 the T-frame 17 has two single-acting swing-over cylinders 22, 23 whose feet are pivoted, at points right and left of the swing-over saddle axis 19, to the transverse cross-beam 172 which forms the forward portion of the T-frame.
As shown in Figures 7 and 8, the T-frame 17 ; comprises a longitudinal beam 173 which extends fore-and-aft, in the direction of advance 20 of the plough, and 15 therefore extends parallel to the swing-over saddle axis 19. From front and back ends of the T-frame 17 there ~ rise uprights 174, 175, each supporting at its upper end r~ a forwards-directed stud-bearing 176, 177. These two bearings define the fore-and-aft swing-over axis 19 on ` 20 which the saddle frame 11 of the plough swings over.
Fixed across the front end O.L the longitudinal beam 173 is the transverse cross-beam 172 of the T-frame 17. The croics-bealll 172 has, at its two ends, bearings 178, 179 in which pivots, about the transverse axis 18, the ~ron-t end of the trailing link chassis 161 of the carriage 16.
The foot of each swing-over cylinder 22, 23 is pivoted to ths T-frame 17 between a pair of lower webs 180 or 181 extending downwards from the cross-beam 172 and rrom the longitudinal beam 173 of the T-frame 17~
30 Fixed to the upper surface of the longitudinal beam 173 ' ' "
Z~IL3 :
is a pair of upper webs 182, 183 on which pivots, abou a fore-and-aft axis 184, a slotted guiding rocker 40 whose construction and method of functioning will be described further below.
Projecting forwards at each side from the transverse cross-beam 172 are horizontal brackets 185, 186 equipped with support spindles 187, 188, adjustable ~l in height, for supporting the saddle frame 11 of the plough in its right-hand and left-hand working positions.
As shown in Figures 5, 6 and 9 to 16, the middle portion llb of the saddle frame 11 has two lower brackets 191, 192 (Figures 9, 10) which pivot on the forwards-directed stud bearings 176, 177 of the two uprights 174, 175 of the T-frame 17, to allow the saddle fri~me 11 to swing over from one side to the other.
Fixed to the middle portion llb of the saddle frame`11 between the two Iower brackets 191, 192 there is `, a guiding system 30 consisting of two slotted plates 301, - 302 (Figures 13, 11). Each plate 301, 302 has a pair of`, 20 guiding slots (303, 304) forming mirror images of each ;~ other symmetrically disposed on either side of the fore-and-aft swing-over axis 19 (Figure 14) of the saddle ` frame 11. In the guiding slots 303, 304 work two cross-head pins 221, 231 of the uppér ends of the pistons o~ the 25 swing-over cylinders 22, 23, which slope upwards and in~ards towards each other, as an inverted V, forming an acute angle between them.
The slotted guiding rocker 40 (Figures 12, 5), which pivots on the fore-and-aft axis 184 of the T-frame 17 has two slotted cheekplates 401, 402 situated outside . , .
~, ;~
~352~L3 (Figure 5) the pair of slotted plAteS 301, 302 of the guiding system 30. Each cheekplate 401, 402 has two S-curved slots 403, 404 (Figure 12) in which also work the crosshead pins 221, 231 of the swing-over cylinders 5 22, 23, the two S-curved slots also forming mi.rror images of each other. And it will be observed that when the saddle frame 11 is in its central position (Figure 14) ~i:
these two slots are also symmetrically disposed on either side of the fore-and-aft swing-over axis 19 of the saddle frame 11.
The slot geometry can easily be derived from Figures 11 to 16. The guidins slots 303, 304 of the guiding system 30 form arcs of a circle centred on the fore-and-aft swing-over saddle axis 19, which is itself 15 in the longitudinal middle plane 111 of the middle portion llb of the saddle frame ll (Figure 14). From the bridging portion 305, situated on the middle plane 111 of the saddle frame 11, each slot 301, 302 ex~ends outwards through nearly a right angle, or through 70 to ..
20 80, so that in total the two slots, with the bridging portion 305, sweep an angle 306 of about 180 .
In regard to the slotted guiding rocker 40 (Figure 12), the two S-curved slots 403, 404 are disposed symmetrically on either side of the symmetry axis 111a 25 of the cheekplate, such as 402, the symmetry axis 111a passing through the fore-and-aft pivot axis 184 of the guiding rocker 40. The lower portion of each S-curved slot, such as 403, forms an arc of a circle whose radius is about the same as the radius of the slot in the plate, such as 302, of the guiding system 30. And the length ~8~213 of the lower portion of the S-curved slot is about the same as the length of the slot in the plate, such as 302, of the guiding system 30. But the lower ends 407, 408 of the S-curved slots are closer together.
As shown in ~igure 12, the two S-curved slots 403, 404 rise upwards at first approximately parallel to each other. Then they approach each other and finally run J
nearly parallel again till they terminate at their upper ends 409, 410 spaced apart by approximately the width of the bridgi~g portion 305 of the plate 302 of the guiding system 30. Each S-curved slot is longer than the slot, such as 303, of the guiding system 30 by about one slot width, due to the extra upper end 409, 410.
If Figures 13 to 16 are now considered, these figuries show the saddle frame 11 in its right-hand and left-hand working positions and in two intermediate positions. In these figures it will be observed that the outwards curved upper ends 409, 410 of the S-curved slots 403, 404 of the rocker 40 are co-ordinated in r shape to the guiding slots 303, 304 of the guiding system i 30 so as to produce the effects which will now be described. In Figure 13, which shows the saddle frame 11 in its right-hand working posi-tion, the lower portion of the rightward S-curved s:l.ot of the rocker 40 forms an upward continuation of the circular arc (centred on the swing-over saddle axis 19) of the lower slot, in this case 304, of the guiding system 30. The upper end of the leftward S-curved slot coincides in position with what is here the upper end of the other slot, in this case 303, of the guiding system 30. A corresponding ~ . .
2~3 situation occurs when the saddle frame 11 has been SWUilg over into its other working position.
A further geometric feature shown clearly in '' Figure 13 is that an isosceles triangle is formed by the three points 223, 184 and 233. The points 223 and 233 are the pivot points of the feet of the two swing-over cylinders Z2, 23. The apex of the triangle is the locus .
of the fore-and-aft pivot axis 184 on which the guiding rocker 40 pivots. The triangle is approximately "'^-equilateral. The sides 51, 52 of the triangle slope inwards to meet at the longitudinal vertical middle plane 111 of the T-frame 17. The distance 54 between the lower pivots 223, 233 of the swing-over cylinders 22, 23 is at least twice the radius 311 of curvature of the slots 303, 304 of the guiding system 30. A further requirement is that the distance 54 must be great enough to ensure that when.the saddle frame 11 is swung over into a working posi$ion, to the right or to the left, the axis 222 or 232 of the extended swing-over cylinder ,~
20 (in Figure 13 this is the cylinder 2Z) does not sweep '~
angularly to beyond the fore-and-aft swing-over axis 19 of the saddle frame 11.
The~geometry of the arc-shaped slots 303, 304 of the guiding system 30, the geometry of the S-curved slots 4~ 40Ll of the rocker 40, the geometric locations of the lower pivots 223, 233 of,the swing over cylinders 22, 23 on ~he T-frame 17, the geometric location of the swing-over saddle axis 19, relative to the other pivot points, and the working of the crosshead pins 221., 231 of the single-acting swing-over cylinders 22, 23 ,in the two slot . ., ., :,, , - . , ;" . : ::-, , ,, , ; , ~:
:
Sz:13 syst;ems, together ensure that the saddle frame swings over evenly and steadily through an arc of 180 from its one working position to the other. The speed of the swinging movement is adjustable to suit the 5 hydraùlic system of the particular tractor with -the -help of adjustable return-flow throttles, such as 22b in Figure 5. t In addition to the two la-teral support brackets 185, 186 projecting forwards from the T-frame 17 for 10 supporting the saddle frame 11 in its two working positions, the plough has a third support bracket 210 (Figure 6) fixed to the back crossbeam 163 (Figures 2, 4, 6) of the trailing link chassis 161 of the carriage 16, with a vertically adjustable spindle 211, for adjusting 15 ploughing depth. The support bracket 210 is located in the longitudinal vertical middle plane 111 of the T-frame 17, this plane containing the swing-over saddle axis 19.
The support bracket 210 is fixed to the crossbeam 163 by a locking web 212 for securing the saddle frame 11 safely ~!
20 in position when centralized, for example during ' transportation (Figures L~ and 6). The locking web 212, which acts as support for the spindle 211, projects backwards fronl the crossbeam 163 behind the lower pivot of the lifting cylinder 21 and preferably behind the 25 wheel axis lG2 of the carriage. Projecting downwards from the saddle frame 11 is a fork 112 which engages with the locking web 212 when the saddle frame 11, in its centralized position, is lowered by the lifting cylinder 21, a U-shaped slot 113 of the fork engaging with the 25 locking web 212.
Considering the plough as a whole, it will be observed in the drawing that the carriage 16 is situated lengthwise about half-way between the two ends of the plough. The fore-and-aft swing-over saddle axis 19 is in the longitudinal vertical middle plane of the carriage 16. But the axis 19 is displaced sideways by about three furrows with respect to the furrow wheel 2a of the tracto~ 2. This arrangement greatly Pacilitates control of the angular position of the saddle frame 11 about its swing-over AXiS 19 when -the saddle frame is in either of its two working positions, represented in Figures 13 and 16. In either of these two positions the weight of the ploughshare pairs 14a, 14b, 14c, on the one side or the other, holds the saddle frame 11 firmly down on the lateral support spindles 187, 188, making it unnecessary to provide any extra lock between the saddle frame 11 and the T-frame 17.
As shown in Figure 17, the two single-acting swing-over cylinders 22, 23, and the single-acting lifting cylinder 21, are each connected by their own hydraulic hoses 21a, 22a, 23a, with individual adjustable return-flow throttles 21b, 22b, 23b, to a control device 60 on the trac-tor 2. The connection to the hydraulic system of the tractor is shown at 61.
The swinging over of the saddle frame is accomplished as follows.
The driver of -the tractor actuates control 50, causing one of the two swing-over cylinders 22, 23 to extend, the other to retract. To retain the saddle frame 11 in its central position, the driver centralizies SZ~3 _ 20 the control 60. False actuation of the control 60, which might endanger the system, is not possible because only one of the two swing-over cylinders 22, 23 can be made to extend at each instant.
If the hoses are connected wrong~ this merely changes the direction of actuation of control 600 When the tractor driver is swinging the saddle frame over from one side to the other, he holds the con-trol 60 engaged constantly until the saddle frame 11 has swung over from the support spindle 187, 188 on the one side, through the intermediate positions shown in Figures 1~ and 15, and comes to rest on the support-spindle 187, 188 on the other side. To prepare the plough for transportation, the driver brings the saddle frame to its central position (Figures 4, 5, 14) and at that instant disengages control 60. He then lowers the saddle frame 11, by means of the lifting cylinder 21, until the saddle frame 11 has become securely locked, by a simple method and safe against toppling over, to the trailing-link chassis 161 of the 20 carriage 16. `
The lifting cylinder 21 is controlled by a single-acting hydraulic control 6a, which must not be coupled to the powered lifting fork of the tractor because at the termination of the array of furrows if the front and back ends of the saddle frame were raised simultaneously this would result in an irregular (diagonally stepped) termination of the array of furrows. The front end of the saddle frame should be lifted first, by means of the lifting fork of the tractor 2, and subsequerltly, after the plough has advanced one plough-length, the back end of the ~L~8~iZ~3 saddle frame is lifted by actuating the lifting cylinder 21. By this method the individual furrows terminate near together, in spite of the longitudinal spacing of the ploughshare pairs 14a, 14b .~.., giving 5 a particularly well-ordered furrow termination showing hardly any irregularities.
When the saddle frame 11 is in its central position, as represented in Figure 14 ~ considered in conjunction with Figures 11 and 12 ~ the crosshead pins 221~ 231 of the swing-over cylinders 22, 23 engage, on either side of the bridging portion 305 of each slotted~
plate, such as 302~ of the guiding system 30~ in the upper ends of both pairs of slots, that is to say the pai.r of arc-shaped slots 303 ~ 304 of the guiding system 30 and the pair of S-curved slots 403 ~ L~o4 of the cheekplate, such as 402 ~ of the rocker 40. And it will be observe~ that, under these circumstances, the upper ends of the two kinds of slots coincide. The swinging over of the saddle frame 11 into one of its working 20 positions ~Figure 16) takes place as follows. One, such as 23 ~ of the two single-acting swing-over cylinders extends, pushing the saddle frame 11 out of -its equilibrium position, with the result that the saddle frame swings over by the weight of the set of ploughshare 25 pai.rs fixed only on one side of it, the saddle frame rotating on its swing-over axis l9o In this movement -the piston of the other swing-over cylinder 22 is pushed back into its cylinder, hydraulic fluid being expelled through the adjustable throttle 22b, as represented in Figure 15~ During this process the crosYhead pin 221 ~L085Z3.3 remains engaged in the upper end of the arc-shaped slot 303, but slides downwards in -the S-curved slot 404, finally reaching the lower end of this.
On the other hand, the swing-over cylinder 23 which is extending (Figure 15), although remaining in the upper end of the S-curved slot 403, travels along in the arc-shaped slot 304 until it reaches the other end of this. The saddle frame 11 has now reached its working position, where it is supported, by its side, on the adjustable spindle 188 and, near its back end, by the adjustable spindle 211 projecting upwards at the back end of the trailing-link chassis 161 of the carriage 16, as represented diagrammatically in Figure 2.
" , .
108S~13 to swing up and down on the transverse axis lo, which extends parallel to the wheel axis 162 of the carriage.
A lifting cylinder 21 is pivoted at its upper end to an upright web 171 of the aft end of the T-frame 17, and at its lower end to the carriage l6, the lifting cylinder 21 sloping downwards and backwards to the carriage. In front of the lifting cylinder 21 the T-frame 17 has two single-acting swing-over cylinders 22, 23 whose feet are pivoted, at points right and left of the swing-over saddle axis 19, to the transverse cross-beam 172 which forms the forward portion of the T-frame.
As shown in Figures 7 and 8, the T-frame 17 ; comprises a longitudinal beam 173 which extends fore-and-aft, in the direction of advance 20 of the plough, and 15 therefore extends parallel to the swing-over saddle axis 19. From front and back ends of the T-frame 17 there ~ rise uprights 174, 175, each supporting at its upper end r~ a forwards-directed stud-bearing 176, 177. These two bearings define the fore-and-aft swing-over axis 19 on ` 20 which the saddle frame 11 of the plough swings over.
Fixed across the front end O.L the longitudinal beam 173 is the transverse cross-beam 172 of the T-frame 17. The croics-bealll 172 has, at its two ends, bearings 178, 179 in which pivots, about the transverse axis 18, the ~ron-t end of the trailing link chassis 161 of the carriage 16.
The foot of each swing-over cylinder 22, 23 is pivoted to ths T-frame 17 between a pair of lower webs 180 or 181 extending downwards from the cross-beam 172 and rrom the longitudinal beam 173 of the T-frame 17~
30 Fixed to the upper surface of the longitudinal beam 173 ' ' "
Z~IL3 :
is a pair of upper webs 182, 183 on which pivots, abou a fore-and-aft axis 184, a slotted guiding rocker 40 whose construction and method of functioning will be described further below.
Projecting forwards at each side from the transverse cross-beam 172 are horizontal brackets 185, 186 equipped with support spindles 187, 188, adjustable ~l in height, for supporting the saddle frame 11 of the plough in its right-hand and left-hand working positions.
As shown in Figures 5, 6 and 9 to 16, the middle portion llb of the saddle frame 11 has two lower brackets 191, 192 (Figures 9, 10) which pivot on the forwards-directed stud bearings 176, 177 of the two uprights 174, 175 of the T-frame 17, to allow the saddle fri~me 11 to swing over from one side to the other.
Fixed to the middle portion llb of the saddle frame`11 between the two Iower brackets 191, 192 there is `, a guiding system 30 consisting of two slotted plates 301, - 302 (Figures 13, 11). Each plate 301, 302 has a pair of`, 20 guiding slots (303, 304) forming mirror images of each ;~ other symmetrically disposed on either side of the fore-and-aft swing-over axis 19 (Figure 14) of the saddle ` frame 11. In the guiding slots 303, 304 work two cross-head pins 221, 231 of the uppér ends of the pistons o~ the 25 swing-over cylinders 22, 23, which slope upwards and in~ards towards each other, as an inverted V, forming an acute angle between them.
The slotted guiding rocker 40 (Figures 12, 5), which pivots on the fore-and-aft axis 184 of the T-frame 17 has two slotted cheekplates 401, 402 situated outside . , .
~, ;~
~352~L3 (Figure 5) the pair of slotted plAteS 301, 302 of the guiding system 30. Each cheekplate 401, 402 has two S-curved slots 403, 404 (Figure 12) in which also work the crosshead pins 221, 231 of the swing-over cylinders 5 22, 23, the two S-curved slots also forming mi.rror images of each other. And it will be observed that when the saddle frame 11 is in its central position (Figure 14) ~i:
these two slots are also symmetrically disposed on either side of the fore-and-aft swing-over axis 19 of the saddle frame 11.
The slot geometry can easily be derived from Figures 11 to 16. The guidins slots 303, 304 of the guiding system 30 form arcs of a circle centred on the fore-and-aft swing-over saddle axis 19, which is itself 15 in the longitudinal middle plane 111 of the middle portion llb of the saddle frame ll (Figure 14). From the bridging portion 305, situated on the middle plane 111 of the saddle frame 11, each slot 301, 302 ex~ends outwards through nearly a right angle, or through 70 to ..
20 80, so that in total the two slots, with the bridging portion 305, sweep an angle 306 of about 180 .
In regard to the slotted guiding rocker 40 (Figure 12), the two S-curved slots 403, 404 are disposed symmetrically on either side of the symmetry axis 111a 25 of the cheekplate, such as 402, the symmetry axis 111a passing through the fore-and-aft pivot axis 184 of the guiding rocker 40. The lower portion of each S-curved slot, such as 403, forms an arc of a circle whose radius is about the same as the radius of the slot in the plate, such as 302, of the guiding system 30. And the length ~8~213 of the lower portion of the S-curved slot is about the same as the length of the slot in the plate, such as 302, of the guiding system 30. But the lower ends 407, 408 of the S-curved slots are closer together.
As shown in ~igure 12, the two S-curved slots 403, 404 rise upwards at first approximately parallel to each other. Then they approach each other and finally run J
nearly parallel again till they terminate at their upper ends 409, 410 spaced apart by approximately the width of the bridgi~g portion 305 of the plate 302 of the guiding system 30. Each S-curved slot is longer than the slot, such as 303, of the guiding system 30 by about one slot width, due to the extra upper end 409, 410.
If Figures 13 to 16 are now considered, these figuries show the saddle frame 11 in its right-hand and left-hand working positions and in two intermediate positions. In these figures it will be observed that the outwards curved upper ends 409, 410 of the S-curved slots 403, 404 of the rocker 40 are co-ordinated in r shape to the guiding slots 303, 304 of the guiding system i 30 so as to produce the effects which will now be described. In Figure 13, which shows the saddle frame 11 in its right-hand working posi-tion, the lower portion of the rightward S-curved s:l.ot of the rocker 40 forms an upward continuation of the circular arc (centred on the swing-over saddle axis 19) of the lower slot, in this case 304, of the guiding system 30. The upper end of the leftward S-curved slot coincides in position with what is here the upper end of the other slot, in this case 303, of the guiding system 30. A corresponding ~ . .
2~3 situation occurs when the saddle frame 11 has been SWUilg over into its other working position.
A further geometric feature shown clearly in '' Figure 13 is that an isosceles triangle is formed by the three points 223, 184 and 233. The points 223 and 233 are the pivot points of the feet of the two swing-over cylinders Z2, 23. The apex of the triangle is the locus .
of the fore-and-aft pivot axis 184 on which the guiding rocker 40 pivots. The triangle is approximately "'^-equilateral. The sides 51, 52 of the triangle slope inwards to meet at the longitudinal vertical middle plane 111 of the T-frame 17. The distance 54 between the lower pivots 223, 233 of the swing-over cylinders 22, 23 is at least twice the radius 311 of curvature of the slots 303, 304 of the guiding system 30. A further requirement is that the distance 54 must be great enough to ensure that when.the saddle frame 11 is swung over into a working posi$ion, to the right or to the left, the axis 222 or 232 of the extended swing-over cylinder ,~
20 (in Figure 13 this is the cylinder 2Z) does not sweep '~
angularly to beyond the fore-and-aft swing-over axis 19 of the saddle frame 11.
The~geometry of the arc-shaped slots 303, 304 of the guiding system 30, the geometry of the S-curved slots 4~ 40Ll of the rocker 40, the geometric locations of the lower pivots 223, 233 of,the swing over cylinders 22, 23 on ~he T-frame 17, the geometric location of the swing-over saddle axis 19, relative to the other pivot points, and the working of the crosshead pins 221., 231 of the single-acting swing-over cylinders 22, 23 ,in the two slot . ., ., :,, , - . , ;" . : ::-, , ,, , ; , ~:
:
Sz:13 syst;ems, together ensure that the saddle frame swings over evenly and steadily through an arc of 180 from its one working position to the other. The speed of the swinging movement is adjustable to suit the 5 hydraùlic system of the particular tractor with -the -help of adjustable return-flow throttles, such as 22b in Figure 5. t In addition to the two la-teral support brackets 185, 186 projecting forwards from the T-frame 17 for 10 supporting the saddle frame 11 in its two working positions, the plough has a third support bracket 210 (Figure 6) fixed to the back crossbeam 163 (Figures 2, 4, 6) of the trailing link chassis 161 of the carriage 16, with a vertically adjustable spindle 211, for adjusting 15 ploughing depth. The support bracket 210 is located in the longitudinal vertical middle plane 111 of the T-frame 17, this plane containing the swing-over saddle axis 19.
The support bracket 210 is fixed to the crossbeam 163 by a locking web 212 for securing the saddle frame 11 safely ~!
20 in position when centralized, for example during ' transportation (Figures L~ and 6). The locking web 212, which acts as support for the spindle 211, projects backwards fronl the crossbeam 163 behind the lower pivot of the lifting cylinder 21 and preferably behind the 25 wheel axis lG2 of the carriage. Projecting downwards from the saddle frame 11 is a fork 112 which engages with the locking web 212 when the saddle frame 11, in its centralized position, is lowered by the lifting cylinder 21, a U-shaped slot 113 of the fork engaging with the 25 locking web 212.
Considering the plough as a whole, it will be observed in the drawing that the carriage 16 is situated lengthwise about half-way between the two ends of the plough. The fore-and-aft swing-over saddle axis 19 is in the longitudinal vertical middle plane of the carriage 16. But the axis 19 is displaced sideways by about three furrows with respect to the furrow wheel 2a of the tracto~ 2. This arrangement greatly Pacilitates control of the angular position of the saddle frame 11 about its swing-over AXiS 19 when -the saddle frame is in either of its two working positions, represented in Figures 13 and 16. In either of these two positions the weight of the ploughshare pairs 14a, 14b, 14c, on the one side or the other, holds the saddle frame 11 firmly down on the lateral support spindles 187, 188, making it unnecessary to provide any extra lock between the saddle frame 11 and the T-frame 17.
As shown in Figure 17, the two single-acting swing-over cylinders 22, 23, and the single-acting lifting cylinder 21, are each connected by their own hydraulic hoses 21a, 22a, 23a, with individual adjustable return-flow throttles 21b, 22b, 23b, to a control device 60 on the trac-tor 2. The connection to the hydraulic system of the tractor is shown at 61.
The swinging over of the saddle frame is accomplished as follows.
The driver of -the tractor actuates control 50, causing one of the two swing-over cylinders 22, 23 to extend, the other to retract. To retain the saddle frame 11 in its central position, the driver centralizies SZ~3 _ 20 the control 60. False actuation of the control 60, which might endanger the system, is not possible because only one of the two swing-over cylinders 22, 23 can be made to extend at each instant.
If the hoses are connected wrong~ this merely changes the direction of actuation of control 600 When the tractor driver is swinging the saddle frame over from one side to the other, he holds the con-trol 60 engaged constantly until the saddle frame 11 has swung over from the support spindle 187, 188 on the one side, through the intermediate positions shown in Figures 1~ and 15, and comes to rest on the support-spindle 187, 188 on the other side. To prepare the plough for transportation, the driver brings the saddle frame to its central position (Figures 4, 5, 14) and at that instant disengages control 60. He then lowers the saddle frame 11, by means of the lifting cylinder 21, until the saddle frame 11 has become securely locked, by a simple method and safe against toppling over, to the trailing-link chassis 161 of the 20 carriage 16. `
The lifting cylinder 21 is controlled by a single-acting hydraulic control 6a, which must not be coupled to the powered lifting fork of the tractor because at the termination of the array of furrows if the front and back ends of the saddle frame were raised simultaneously this would result in an irregular (diagonally stepped) termination of the array of furrows. The front end of the saddle frame should be lifted first, by means of the lifting fork of the tractor 2, and subsequerltly, after the plough has advanced one plough-length, the back end of the ~L~8~iZ~3 saddle frame is lifted by actuating the lifting cylinder 21. By this method the individual furrows terminate near together, in spite of the longitudinal spacing of the ploughshare pairs 14a, 14b .~.., giving 5 a particularly well-ordered furrow termination showing hardly any irregularities.
When the saddle frame 11 is in its central position, as represented in Figure 14 ~ considered in conjunction with Figures 11 and 12 ~ the crosshead pins 221~ 231 of the swing-over cylinders 22, 23 engage, on either side of the bridging portion 305 of each slotted~
plate, such as 302~ of the guiding system 30~ in the upper ends of both pairs of slots, that is to say the pai.r of arc-shaped slots 303 ~ 304 of the guiding system 30 and the pair of S-curved slots 403 ~ L~o4 of the cheekplate, such as 402 ~ of the rocker 40. And it will be observe~ that, under these circumstances, the upper ends of the two kinds of slots coincide. The swinging over of the saddle frame 11 into one of its working 20 positions ~Figure 16) takes place as follows. One, such as 23 ~ of the two single-acting swing-over cylinders extends, pushing the saddle frame 11 out of -its equilibrium position, with the result that the saddle frame swings over by the weight of the set of ploughshare 25 pai.rs fixed only on one side of it, the saddle frame rotating on its swing-over axis l9o In this movement -the piston of the other swing-over cylinder 22 is pushed back into its cylinder, hydraulic fluid being expelled through the adjustable throttle 22b, as represented in Figure 15~ During this process the crosYhead pin 221 ~L085Z3.3 remains engaged in the upper end of the arc-shaped slot 303, but slides downwards in -the S-curved slot 404, finally reaching the lower end of this.
On the other hand, the swing-over cylinder 23 which is extending (Figure 15), although remaining in the upper end of the S-curved slot 403, travels along in the arc-shaped slot 304 until it reaches the other end of this. The saddle frame 11 has now reached its working position, where it is supported, by its side, on the adjustable spindle 188 and, near its back end, by the adjustable spindle 211 projecting upwards at the back end of the trailing-link chassis 161 of the carriage 16, as represented diagrammatically in Figure 2.
Claims (9)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A plough with right-hand and left-hand ploughshare pairs mounted on a swing-over saddle frame extending backwards diagonally with respect to the direction of advance of the plough, the front end of the saddle frame being adapted for hitching to the lifting fork of a tractor, the saddle frame being supported by a single-axle 2-wheeled carriage by means of a T-frame which provides two axes of rotation perpendicular to each other, the one axis serving as a pivot axis for the front end of a trailing-link chassis of the carriage, and therefore extending transversely and substantially parallel to the wheel-axis of the carriage, the other axis, above the first, serving as the swing-over axis of the saddle frame and therefore extending fore-and-aft approximately in the direction of advance of the plough, the T-frame having a lifting cylinder, connected between the saddle frame and the carriage chassis and, forward of this, two single-acting, swing-over cylinders each pivoted to the T-frame on a fore-and-aft pivot axis and engaging, by its other end, with the saddle frame, the plough also being equipped with sup-porting, locking and adjustment devices for securing the saddle frame in its working and transportation positions, said swing-over cylinders being pivoted at their lower ends to the T-frame on pivots spaced apart on either side of the swing-over axis of the saddle frame, the swing-over cylinders rising up-wards so that their pistons approach each other in inverted V-formation, the upper ends of the pistons working in guiding slots in slotted plates of a guiding system fixed to a middle portion of the saddle frame, and in further slots in cheek plates of a rocker which pivots on a fore-and-aft axis of the T-frame parallel to the swing-over axis, the T-frame and/or the carriage, having supports for supporting the saddle frame laterally in its two working positions, for supporting said saddle frame centrally and at an adjustable depth during ploughing and for supporting said saddle frame centrally during transportation.
2. A plough according to Claim 1, wherein the two swing-over cyl-inders form an acute angle with each other; and the guiding slots in the plates of the guiding system are mirror images of each other disposed sym-metrically on either side of a fore-and-aft middle plane of the saddle frame, forming arcs of a circle centred on the swing-over axis and forming between them a middle bridging portion of the slotted plate, the arcs extending out-wards from here, each sweeping an angle of about 90°, so that between them they sweep a total angle of about 180°; and the guiding slots in the cheek plates of the rocker are S-curved in shape and are also mirror images of each other, the slots being disposed symmetrically on either side of the fore-and-aft middle plane of the cheek plate, this plane passing through the fore-and-aft pivot axis of the rocker, the lower portions of the slots forming arcs of circles, the slots rising from their lower ends at first nearly parallel to each other, then approaching each other and finally deviating S-wise outwards so that the upper ends of the slots are nearly parallel to each other and are spaced apart by about the width of the bridging portion of the guiding sys-tem.
3. A plough according to Claim 2, wherein each slot of the rocker is longer than a respective slot of the guiding system by about one slot width, due to the S-wise curving upper end of the slot.
4. A plough according to any one of Claims1 to 3, wherein the pivot axis of the rocker forms the apex of an upright isosceles and approximately equilateral triangle transverse to a longitudinal vertical middle plane of the T-frame, the two corners at the base of the triangle being the pivot axes of the feet of the swing-over cylinders.
5. A plough according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein the lower pivot axes of the swing-over cylinders are spaced apart on either side of a longitudinal vertical middle plane of the T-frame by a distance great enough to ensure that when a swing-over cylinder is fully extended its cylinder axis does not sweep angularly to beyond the swing-over axis of the saddle frame.
6. A plough according to any one of Claims 2 and 3, wherein the distance between the lower pivot axes of the swing-over cylinders is at least twice the radius of the arc-shaped guiding slots.
7. A plough according to Claim 1, wherein a vertically adjustable spindle is mounted on a locking web fixed to the chassis of the carriage in a longitudinal vertical middle plane of the T-frame, this plane containing the swing-over axis of the saddle frame.
8. A plough according to Claim 7, wherein a forked support projects downwards from the saddle frame when the saddle frame is in its transport position, the fork engaging saddlewise, by a U-shaped slot, over the locking web.
9. A plough according to Claim 7 or 8, wherein the locking web, with its adjustable support spindle, is fixed as a supporting bracket to the rear portion of the carriage chassis, aft of a lower pivot point of the lifting cylinder and aft of the wheel axis of the carriage.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2756548A DE2756548C2 (en) | 1977-12-19 | 1977-12-19 | Semi-mounted reversible plow with a single-axle two-wheel chassis supporting the plow frame |
| DEP2756548.6 | 1977-12-19 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1085213A true CA1085213A (en) | 1980-09-09 |
Family
ID=6026544
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA317,979A Expired CA1085213A (en) | 1977-12-19 | 1978-12-14 | Plough with right-hand and left-hand ploughshare pairs |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1085213A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2756548C2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2411546A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2013461A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE426770B (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0044876A1 (en) * | 1980-07-25 | 1982-02-03 | Rabewerk Heinrich Clausing | Turning device for turnover ploughs |
| DE3033133C2 (en) * | 1980-09-03 | 1986-01-23 | Rabewerk Heinrich Clausing, 4515 Bad Essen | Semi-mounted reversible plow |
| SE430642B (en) * | 1982-05-05 | 1983-12-05 | Oeverums Bruk Ab | REVERSE MECHANISM FOR EXCHANGE LOG |
| US4825955A (en) * | 1983-06-28 | 1989-05-02 | Kverneland A/S | Plough reversing method |
| NO152721C (en) * | 1983-06-28 | 1985-11-13 | Kverneland As | REVERSE MECHANISM, SPECIFIC TO SEMIVEND PAGE. |
| FR2627932B1 (en) * | 1988-03-02 | 1991-06-14 | Huard Sa | IMPROVEMENTS ON SEMI-REACHED REVERSIBLE PLOWS |
| DE9205455U1 (en) * | 1992-04-22 | 1992-07-02 | Rabewerk GmbH + Co, 4515 Bad Essen | Semi-mounted or trailed reversible plough |
| DK1088474T3 (en) * | 1999-10-01 | 2004-08-02 | Lemken Gmbh & Co Kg | Plow with lifting device |
| CN108496422B (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2024-01-05 | 高台县嘉宝机械制造销售有限公司 | Double-connecting-rod hydraulic amplitude-modulated turnover plow |
| IT202000015910A1 (en) * | 2020-07-01 | 2022-01-01 | Maschio Gaspardo Spa | MOUNTED REVERSIBLE PLOW |
| FR3126840B1 (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2023-09-22 | Kuhn Huard S A S | Reversible plow with a combined wheel locking system |
| DE102021214805A1 (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2023-06-22 | Lemken Gmbh & Co. Kg | rotary parallel plough |
-
1977
- 1977-12-19 DE DE2756548A patent/DE2756548C2/en not_active Expired
-
1978
- 1978-12-12 GB GB7848092A patent/GB2013461A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1978-12-14 CA CA317,979A patent/CA1085213A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-12-19 SE SE7813052A patent/SE426770B/en unknown
- 1978-12-19 FR FR7835703A patent/FR2411546A1/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2411546A1 (en) | 1979-07-13 |
| DE2756548B1 (en) | 1979-03-29 |
| FR2411546B3 (en) | 1981-10-02 |
| SE7813052L (en) | 1979-06-20 |
| SE426770B (en) | 1983-02-14 |
| GB2013461A (en) | 1979-08-15 |
| DE2756548C2 (en) | 1979-11-29 |
| GB2013461B (en) |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |