CA1084695A - Compositions and method for enhancing electrical life of polymers used in xerographic devices - Google Patents
Compositions and method for enhancing electrical life of polymers used in xerographic devicesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1084695A CA1084695A CA277,795A CA277795A CA1084695A CA 1084695 A CA1084695 A CA 1084695A CA 277795 A CA277795 A CA 277795A CA 1084695 A CA1084695 A CA 1084695A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- copolymer
- percent
- nitrile
- butadiene
- conductivity control
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 259
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl-ethylene Natural products C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 229
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 137
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical group C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 73
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000013536 elastomeric material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005513 bias potential Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 16
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- YQIVQBMEBZGFBY-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraheptylazanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCC[N+](CCCCCCC)(CCCCCCC)CCCCCCC YQIVQBMEBZGFBY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 13
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- -1 acrylonitrile Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000037230 mobility Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 229920002587 poly(1,3-butadiene) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229940027983 antiseptic and disinfectant quaternary ammonium compound Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920008712 Copo Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010960 commercial process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003670 easy-to-clean Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- CFEYBLWMNFZOPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent-4-enenitrile Chemical compound C=CCCC#N CFEYBLWMNFZOPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000867 polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100024133 Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 50 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000156978 Erebia Species 0.000 description 1
- HSRJKNPTNIJEKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Guaifenesin Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1OCC(O)CO HSRJKNPTNIJEKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101000910772 Homo sapiens Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 50 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N Linoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001508691 Martes zibellina Species 0.000 description 1
- JCYZMTMYPZHVBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Melarsoprol Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(NC=2C=CC(=CC=2)[As]2SC(CO)CS2)=N1 JCYZMTMYPZHVBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylaldehyde Natural products C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005576 amination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZCAFXNCOGZWDIU-UHFFFAOYSA-L benzyl(trimethyl)azanium trioctyl(propyl)azanium dibromide Chemical compound [Br-].C(CCCCCCC)[N+](CCC)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC.C(C1=CC=CC=C1)[N+](C)(C)C.[Br-] ZCAFXNCOGZWDIU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- KXHPPCXNWTUNSB-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 KXHPPCXNWTUNSB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KVNRLNFWIYMESJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyronitrile Chemical compound CCCC#N KVNRLNFWIYMESJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001145 hydrido group Chemical class *[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N linoleic acid Natural products CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020778 linoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000012860 organic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004714 phosphonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003225 polyurethane elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010059 sulfur vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/002—Inhomogeneous material in general
- H01B3/004—Inhomogeneous material in general with conductive additives or conductive layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/67—Unsaturated compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/69—Polymers of conjugated dienes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B15/00—Special procedures for taking photographs; Apparatus therefor
- G03B15/14—Special procedures for taking photographs; Apparatus therefor for taking photographs during medical operations
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G7/00—Selection of materials for use in image-receiving members, i.e. for reversal by physical contact; Manufacture thereof
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Electrostatic Charge, Transfer And Separation In Electrography (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US701,711 | 1976-06-01 | ||
| US05/701,710 US4058879A (en) | 1976-07-01 | 1976-07-01 | Compositions and method for enhancing electrical life of polymers used in xerographic devices |
| US05/701,711 US4116894A (en) | 1976-07-01 | 1976-07-01 | Compositions and method for enhancing electrical life of copolymers |
| US701,710 | 1976-07-01 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1084695A true CA1084695A (en) | 1980-09-02 |
Family
ID=27106833
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA277,795A Expired CA1084695A (en) | 1976-06-01 | 1977-05-05 | Compositions and method for enhancing electrical life of polymers used in xerographic devices |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS533825A (enrdf_load_html_response) |
| CA (1) | CA1084695A (enrdf_load_html_response) |
| GB (1) | GB1584832A (enrdf_load_html_response) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3959573A (en) * | 1974-04-26 | 1976-05-25 | Xerox Corporation | Biasable member and method for making |
| US3959574A (en) * | 1974-04-26 | 1976-05-25 | Xerox Corporation | Biasable member and method for making |
| JPS5114894A (en) * | 1974-07-29 | 1976-02-05 | Onoda Chem Ind Co Ltd | Ryusankariumuno seizohoho |
| CA1053968A (en) * | 1974-09-09 | 1979-05-08 | Joseph A. Swift | Moisture stable bias transfer roll |
| JPS5142744A (en) * | 1974-10-09 | 1976-04-12 | Goodrich Co B F | Nitorirugomu oyobi arakajimekasokashita binirujushino horiburendo |
-
1977
- 1977-05-05 CA CA277,795A patent/CA1084695A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-06-24 JP JP7540177A patent/JPS533825A/ja active Granted
- 1977-06-30 GB GB2741777A patent/GB1584832A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1584832A (en) | 1981-02-18 |
| JPS533825A (en) | 1978-01-13 |
| JPH0323911B2 (enrdf_load_html_response) | 1991-03-29 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |