CA1084268A - Process for preparing a suspension of particles in a hydrocarbon oil - Google Patents
Process for preparing a suspension of particles in a hydrocarbon oilInfo
- Publication number
- CA1084268A CA1084268A CA258,741A CA258741A CA1084268A CA 1084268 A CA1084268 A CA 1084268A CA 258741 A CA258741 A CA 258741A CA 1084268 A CA1084268 A CA 1084268A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- agglomerates
- fuel
- binder
- ash
- hydrocarbon
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
Abstract
A B S T R A C T
A suspension of finely divided coal particles in fuel oil (colloil) is prepared by treating an aqueous suspension of ground coal with a binder (e.g. part of the fuel oil) in an agglomeration device (e.g. a pelletizer) to obtain deashed coal agglomerates which are separated from the water phase and homogenized in the fuel oil. When they still contain much ash they may be taken up in fresh water, be pulverized and the coal re-agglomerated with fresh binder before taking it up in the fuel oil.
A suspension of finely divided coal particles in fuel oil (colloil) is prepared by treating an aqueous suspension of ground coal with a binder (e.g. part of the fuel oil) in an agglomeration device (e.g. a pelletizer) to obtain deashed coal agglomerates which are separated from the water phase and homogenized in the fuel oil. When they still contain much ash they may be taken up in fresh water, be pulverized and the coal re-agglomerated with fresh binder before taking it up in the fuel oil.
Description
z~
Tht? i.nventi.on relatcs to a pr~cess ~or ~repar.in~
a suC~ension o~ coal par~icles in a hydrocarbon ~uel. .
Such suspensions make excellent fuels and - i.f the suspended : coal particles are small enough - can be atomized as 5a liquid fuel in a burner. For the preparation of the suspensions the amount and particle size di.stribution of the solid must be chosen such that a dynamically and, if desired, statically stable suspension is obtained . wherein the particles do not segregate or agglomerate.
10 The ultimately allowable viscosity, too, puts limits to the amount and shape of the solid materi.al in these :~
suspensions, Within the scope of these limits it iS9 however very well possible to prepare attractive fuels.
As will Oe obvious the solid material, has to be 1~ distrlbuted as homogeneously as possible through the . hydrocarbon fuel. With the preparation of the suspensions the latter requirement gives rise to problems. It is .
difficult to mix an amount of dry coal powder homogeneously ~;
with the required amount of hydrocarbon fuel. Thls calls for a relatively large amount of energy and expensive apparatuses, one problem being the abrasive character of dry coal powder.
For applicati.on of the suspensions as fuel it is desirable that the coal particles contain as little ash as possible. Since most coals contain a relatively high percentage of ash, the coal often has to be de-ashed before it can be made into the suspension. This de-ashing, .
" :~
,, . . ~ .
Tht? i.nventi.on relatcs to a pr~cess ~or ~repar.in~
a suC~ension o~ coal par~icles in a hydrocarbon ~uel. .
Such suspensions make excellent fuels and - i.f the suspended : coal particles are small enough - can be atomized as 5a liquid fuel in a burner. For the preparation of the suspensions the amount and particle size di.stribution of the solid must be chosen such that a dynamically and, if desired, statically stable suspension is obtained . wherein the particles do not segregate or agglomerate.
10 The ultimately allowable viscosity, too, puts limits to the amount and shape of the solid materi.al in these :~
suspensions, Within the scope of these limits it iS9 however very well possible to prepare attractive fuels.
As will Oe obvious the solid material, has to be 1~ distrlbuted as homogeneously as possible through the . hydrocarbon fuel. With the preparation of the suspensions the latter requirement gives rise to problems. It is .
difficult to mix an amount of dry coal powder homogeneously ~;
with the required amount of hydrocarbon fuel. Thls calls for a relatively large amount of energy and expensive apparatuses, one problem being the abrasive character of dry coal powder.
For applicati.on of the suspensions as fuel it is desirable that the coal particles contain as little ash as possible. Since most coals contain a relatively high percentage of ash, the coal often has to be de-ashed before it can be made into the suspension. This de-ashing, .
" :~
,, . . ~ .
2~
too, requires relat:ively much energy and expensive aPparatuses.
The present invention aims at a combination o~ these two at first sight not relate~ treatments and thus at a considerably saving.
The suspension of coal particles in a hydrocarbon fuel therefore i5 prepared, according to the invention, by treating an aqueous suspension of ash-containing ; coal particles under turbulent conditions in an agglomeration device with a hydrocarbon--based binder, resultin~ in the formation of agglomerates of coal particles and binder, while excluding at leasl; part of the ash, and by separating , the obtained agglomerates from an ash-containing water phase and taking them up in a hydrocarbon fuel, the agglomerates being disintegrated and the resulting coal particles becoming suspended in the hydrocarbon fuel.
In this way th~ coal is at the same time de-ashed and brought in a form wherein it is relatively easy to take the coal up in an excess hydrocarbon fuel. Owing to the presence of the binder in the agglomerates and to the fact that the agglomerates are much larger than ` the individual coal particles, the mixing o~ the coal (i.e. the agglomerates) with the hydrocarbon fuel proceeds much more easily than if dry coal powder would have to be mixed with the fuel. Possibly this is partly due to the fact that the coal particles have already been wetted with hydrocarbon before the mixing with fuel takes place, i.e. during agglomeration.
~ ~:
1l The method accordin~ to t;he inve~tion starts from an aqueous suspension of coal particles. This suspension, whereof the percentage solids is not critical for the agglomeration step, can, for example, be a pi~eline slurry.
The aqueous suspension may have been obtained by grin~ing coal lumps wet, i.e. in the presence of water and - i~
desired - by mixing the obtained mass o~ ground coal with an extra amount of water. Wet grinding of coal lumps has some advantages over dry grinding; less energy is required, dust problems are eliminated and there is no explosion danger.
According to the invention the process starts from an aqueous suspension of ash-containing coal particles.
In this specification this is meant to denote an aqueous suspension of particles that consist mainly of coal.
In this context it is then possible that the suspension contains coal particles which contain ash and/or that the suspension contains ash particles besides the coal particles. To a certain extent this depends on the history of the coal and the suspension ln question.
As mentioned, the suspension is to be treated under turbulent conditions in an agglomeration device with a hydrocarbon-based binder. By contacting the suspension at normal or elevated temperature with a suitable binder and bylstirring vigorously, agglomerates are formed of coal particles and binder. The binder should be of the type that is capable of causing coal particles to ' z~
stick together, to the extent that the particles are wetted with the binder, are rendered hydrophoblc and stick together. The ash particles that are set free durin~
the stirring, however, do not have such affinity for the binder and are to a great extent not taken up in the agglomerates. Due to the hydrophobic character of the agglomerates it is relatively simple to separate them from the water phase, which separation could for example be effected by passing the stream of agglomera~e-con-; 10 taining water, which originates from the agglome~ation device, over a sieve on which the agglomerates stay behind. Also, it is possible for example, to add in a separate mixing device an amount of hydrocarbons to the agglomerate-containing water phase, so that two phases are present in this mixing device and the agglomerates migrate from the water phase into the hydrocarbon phase.
The agglomerates can then be transported while suspended in hydrocarbon. In all these cases the ash-containing water phase may be separately withdrawn and processed.
The agglomerates are to be taken up in a hydrocarbon fuel. This can be done during and/or after the separation ~fagglomerates and water phase. The agglomerates can, after the said separation, for example, be mixed at once ` with the total amount of hydrocarbon fuel, which will cost relatively little energy and whereby the agglomerateb j can disintegrate and the mixture obtained being a homogeneous suspension of coal particles in hydrocarbon fuel. It ' .~ :
. ' ~
~ . , : . . : .
84ZG~
, , is also possible to mix the a~glomerates with part of the total required amount Or hydrocarbon fuel as a result of which a thick sludge is obtained which can subsequently be diluted with the remainder of the hydrocarbon fuel.
; 5 The obtained suspension, if desired, can then be specially homogenized~
After separation of the agglomerates from the water phase, the agglomerates can suitably be distintegratedO
This can, for example, be done in a mill. It is possible to distintegrate the agglomerates while they are as such.
It is preferred, however~ to distintegrate them while they are already mixed with at least part of the total required amount of hydrocarbon fuel.
For the process of the invention all sorts of coal are in principle suitable, includin~ the solid fuels that are related to coal, such as lignite, peat, bituminous coal, soot, coke, etc.
The hydrocarbon fuel may be one of the usual liquid fuels that are obtained from the processing of crude oil. The fuels based on heavy oil fractions, such as .. ..
fuel oil, lend themselves especially well for application . .
in the present process.
As a binder for the agglomeration of the coal particles ` a permanent binder may be chosen, i.e. a binder which is ultimately taken up in the fuel. It is also possible, however, to choose a type of binder that is regained from the agglomerates in the course of the process : ~, ' ~ 3426~ :
- of the invention and whi~h i~ then r~circulated. This is posslble, for example, by using a light hydrocarbon fraction as a binder and a heavy fraction as the fuel.
The agglomerates may then be mixed with the fuel at a temperature above the boiling point or range o~ the binder, whereby the binder can be regained.
Suitable binders are, in principle, all liquids, or substances that are liquid at agglomerative conditions, which are wholly or partly based on hydrocarbons, provided 10they have the other suitable properties This holds for all kinds of products obtained from oil or coal, such as naphtha, gas oil, fuel oil, bitumen, coal tar, etc.
It is by all means possible, in principle, to use the applied fuel also as a binder.
Depending on the concentration of solids in the aqueous suspension, on the type of binder used and the applied amount and on the flow conditions~ during stirrin~
varlous types of agglomerates may be obtained, ranging ~ ~;
from loosely bound, fluffy material to hard pellets.
It has been experienced that complete deashing or deashing to the required degree may not always be reached at once, especially in cases where a h;gh percentage of ash is originally present in the coal. In this case it is preferred according to the invention to mix the obtained agglomerates after separation from the ash-containing water phase with an additional amount of water and additional '` ::
~ .
binder~ to disintegrate the agglomerate~ and to re-a~glomerate the coal under turbulent conditions, whereafter the fresh agglomerates are separated from the ash-containing water and taken up in the hydrocarbon ~uel. Thus an additional / .
~ 5 deashin~ is obtained. The agglomerates can be disintegrated before, during and/or after addition of extra water in the first stage and addition of hydrocarhon fuel in the second stage.
It has also been found disadvantageous to perform the first agglomeration step of the above mentioned two ~ stage agglomeration process in a high shear agglomeration ; device in which, apart from the agglomeration itself, the coal particles are further ground~ whereby even more ash particles are liberated and thus separated. The obtained s~spensions do have a superior long term stability.
The invention will be further elucidated by two examples.
EXAMPLE I
; One kg of a coal slurry containing 200 gram of ash-containing coal particles (all smaller than 500 ~, total ash content 56 %w) was agglomerated in a bench scale pelletizer (one litre vessel; power input 10 Watt) with 20 gram of 800 sec.RI heavy fuel oil to small ( 1 mm) pellets. After screening, the pellets retained on the sieve were found to contain 25 %w of water and 18 %w ash on dry, hinder free, basis. The wet pellets, approx. 150 grams, were mixed with 100 gram of heavy fuel oil. The thus formed .~
-i: - .... . .. . . .
26~3 suspension remained stable for two hours. Thereafter sett~ g started, whlch halted after approx. two days when stlll approx. 80% of the coal was found to be in suspenslon .
~XAMPLE II
; One kg of slurry as prepared in Example I was allowed to settle until a virtually stable settled bed of coal particles had been formed. The supernatant liquid and the top half of the settled bed were set aside. The bottom part containing the majority of the particles over 100 um were resuspended in water and agglomerated and ground ` in a high shear pelletizer (one litre vesselg power input ; 300 Watt) during one minute with 4 %w of heavy fuel oil to form agglomerates. The coal particles in the agglomerates were all passing a 200 ~m sieve and contained 8 %w of ash. Then the agglomerates were resuspended in the remaining portion of above slurry and further agglomerated with in total 20 grams of binder.
The resulting pellets, 4 to 6 mm in size, contained 4 %w of water and 90 %w of ash on a dry and binder-free basis. These pellets, approx. 120 grams, were mixed with 100 grams of heavy fuel oil to produce a non-settling (two days' observation) suspension o~ coal in oil.
: :
, .. ;,~ ~ `
;' ':'' ;~
too, requires relat:ively much energy and expensive aPparatuses.
The present invention aims at a combination o~ these two at first sight not relate~ treatments and thus at a considerably saving.
The suspension of coal particles in a hydrocarbon fuel therefore i5 prepared, according to the invention, by treating an aqueous suspension of ash-containing ; coal particles under turbulent conditions in an agglomeration device with a hydrocarbon--based binder, resultin~ in the formation of agglomerates of coal particles and binder, while excluding at leasl; part of the ash, and by separating , the obtained agglomerates from an ash-containing water phase and taking them up in a hydrocarbon fuel, the agglomerates being disintegrated and the resulting coal particles becoming suspended in the hydrocarbon fuel.
In this way th~ coal is at the same time de-ashed and brought in a form wherein it is relatively easy to take the coal up in an excess hydrocarbon fuel. Owing to the presence of the binder in the agglomerates and to the fact that the agglomerates are much larger than ` the individual coal particles, the mixing o~ the coal (i.e. the agglomerates) with the hydrocarbon fuel proceeds much more easily than if dry coal powder would have to be mixed with the fuel. Possibly this is partly due to the fact that the coal particles have already been wetted with hydrocarbon before the mixing with fuel takes place, i.e. during agglomeration.
~ ~:
1l The method accordin~ to t;he inve~tion starts from an aqueous suspension of coal particles. This suspension, whereof the percentage solids is not critical for the agglomeration step, can, for example, be a pi~eline slurry.
The aqueous suspension may have been obtained by grin~ing coal lumps wet, i.e. in the presence of water and - i~
desired - by mixing the obtained mass o~ ground coal with an extra amount of water. Wet grinding of coal lumps has some advantages over dry grinding; less energy is required, dust problems are eliminated and there is no explosion danger.
According to the invention the process starts from an aqueous suspension of ash-containing coal particles.
In this specification this is meant to denote an aqueous suspension of particles that consist mainly of coal.
In this context it is then possible that the suspension contains coal particles which contain ash and/or that the suspension contains ash particles besides the coal particles. To a certain extent this depends on the history of the coal and the suspension ln question.
As mentioned, the suspension is to be treated under turbulent conditions in an agglomeration device with a hydrocarbon-based binder. By contacting the suspension at normal or elevated temperature with a suitable binder and bylstirring vigorously, agglomerates are formed of coal particles and binder. The binder should be of the type that is capable of causing coal particles to ' z~
stick together, to the extent that the particles are wetted with the binder, are rendered hydrophoblc and stick together. The ash particles that are set free durin~
the stirring, however, do not have such affinity for the binder and are to a great extent not taken up in the agglomerates. Due to the hydrophobic character of the agglomerates it is relatively simple to separate them from the water phase, which separation could for example be effected by passing the stream of agglomera~e-con-; 10 taining water, which originates from the agglome~ation device, over a sieve on which the agglomerates stay behind. Also, it is possible for example, to add in a separate mixing device an amount of hydrocarbons to the agglomerate-containing water phase, so that two phases are present in this mixing device and the agglomerates migrate from the water phase into the hydrocarbon phase.
The agglomerates can then be transported while suspended in hydrocarbon. In all these cases the ash-containing water phase may be separately withdrawn and processed.
The agglomerates are to be taken up in a hydrocarbon fuel. This can be done during and/or after the separation ~fagglomerates and water phase. The agglomerates can, after the said separation, for example, be mixed at once ` with the total amount of hydrocarbon fuel, which will cost relatively little energy and whereby the agglomerateb j can disintegrate and the mixture obtained being a homogeneous suspension of coal particles in hydrocarbon fuel. It ' .~ :
. ' ~
~ . , : . . : .
84ZG~
, , is also possible to mix the a~glomerates with part of the total required amount Or hydrocarbon fuel as a result of which a thick sludge is obtained which can subsequently be diluted with the remainder of the hydrocarbon fuel.
; 5 The obtained suspension, if desired, can then be specially homogenized~
After separation of the agglomerates from the water phase, the agglomerates can suitably be distintegratedO
This can, for example, be done in a mill. It is possible to distintegrate the agglomerates while they are as such.
It is preferred, however~ to distintegrate them while they are already mixed with at least part of the total required amount of hydrocarbon fuel.
For the process of the invention all sorts of coal are in principle suitable, includin~ the solid fuels that are related to coal, such as lignite, peat, bituminous coal, soot, coke, etc.
The hydrocarbon fuel may be one of the usual liquid fuels that are obtained from the processing of crude oil. The fuels based on heavy oil fractions, such as .. ..
fuel oil, lend themselves especially well for application . .
in the present process.
As a binder for the agglomeration of the coal particles ` a permanent binder may be chosen, i.e. a binder which is ultimately taken up in the fuel. It is also possible, however, to choose a type of binder that is regained from the agglomerates in the course of the process : ~, ' ~ 3426~ :
- of the invention and whi~h i~ then r~circulated. This is posslble, for example, by using a light hydrocarbon fraction as a binder and a heavy fraction as the fuel.
The agglomerates may then be mixed with the fuel at a temperature above the boiling point or range o~ the binder, whereby the binder can be regained.
Suitable binders are, in principle, all liquids, or substances that are liquid at agglomerative conditions, which are wholly or partly based on hydrocarbons, provided 10they have the other suitable properties This holds for all kinds of products obtained from oil or coal, such as naphtha, gas oil, fuel oil, bitumen, coal tar, etc.
It is by all means possible, in principle, to use the applied fuel also as a binder.
Depending on the concentration of solids in the aqueous suspension, on the type of binder used and the applied amount and on the flow conditions~ during stirrin~
varlous types of agglomerates may be obtained, ranging ~ ~;
from loosely bound, fluffy material to hard pellets.
It has been experienced that complete deashing or deashing to the required degree may not always be reached at once, especially in cases where a h;gh percentage of ash is originally present in the coal. In this case it is preferred according to the invention to mix the obtained agglomerates after separation from the ash-containing water phase with an additional amount of water and additional '` ::
~ .
binder~ to disintegrate the agglomerate~ and to re-a~glomerate the coal under turbulent conditions, whereafter the fresh agglomerates are separated from the ash-containing water and taken up in the hydrocarbon ~uel. Thus an additional / .
~ 5 deashin~ is obtained. The agglomerates can be disintegrated before, during and/or after addition of extra water in the first stage and addition of hydrocarhon fuel in the second stage.
It has also been found disadvantageous to perform the first agglomeration step of the above mentioned two ~ stage agglomeration process in a high shear agglomeration ; device in which, apart from the agglomeration itself, the coal particles are further ground~ whereby even more ash particles are liberated and thus separated. The obtained s~spensions do have a superior long term stability.
The invention will be further elucidated by two examples.
EXAMPLE I
; One kg of a coal slurry containing 200 gram of ash-containing coal particles (all smaller than 500 ~, total ash content 56 %w) was agglomerated in a bench scale pelletizer (one litre vessel; power input 10 Watt) with 20 gram of 800 sec.RI heavy fuel oil to small ( 1 mm) pellets. After screening, the pellets retained on the sieve were found to contain 25 %w of water and 18 %w ash on dry, hinder free, basis. The wet pellets, approx. 150 grams, were mixed with 100 gram of heavy fuel oil. The thus formed .~
-i: - .... . .. . . .
26~3 suspension remained stable for two hours. Thereafter sett~ g started, whlch halted after approx. two days when stlll approx. 80% of the coal was found to be in suspenslon .
~XAMPLE II
; One kg of slurry as prepared in Example I was allowed to settle until a virtually stable settled bed of coal particles had been formed. The supernatant liquid and the top half of the settled bed were set aside. The bottom part containing the majority of the particles over 100 um were resuspended in water and agglomerated and ground ` in a high shear pelletizer (one litre vesselg power input ; 300 Watt) during one minute with 4 %w of heavy fuel oil to form agglomerates. The coal particles in the agglomerates were all passing a 200 ~m sieve and contained 8 %w of ash. Then the agglomerates were resuspended in the remaining portion of above slurry and further agglomerated with in total 20 grams of binder.
The resulting pellets, 4 to 6 mm in size, contained 4 %w of water and 90 %w of ash on a dry and binder-free basis. These pellets, approx. 120 grams, were mixed with 100 grams of heavy fuel oil to produce a non-settling (two days' observation) suspension o~ coal in oil.
: :
, .. ;,~ ~ `
;' ':'' ;~
Claims (18)
1. A process for preparing liquid fuel comprising a suspension of coal particles in a hydrocarbon fuel, in which process an aqueous suspension of ash-containing coal particles is treated under turbulent conditions in an agglomeration device with a hydrocarbon-based binder to form agglomerates of coal particles and binder and an ash-containing water phase, separating the agglomerates from the ash-containing water phase and taking up the agglomerates in a hydrocarbon fuel, the agglomerates after separation from the ash-containing water phase being disintegrated and the resulting coal particles becoming suspended in the hydrocarbon fuel.
2. A process as claimed in claim 1, in which the aqueous suspension of coal particles is a pipeline slurry.
3. A process as claimed in claim 1, in which the aqueous suspension of coal particles has been obtained by grinding coal lumps wet.
4. A process as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, in which the agglomerates are separated from an ash-containing water phase by passing a stream of agglomerates containing water, which originates from the agglomeration device, over a sieve on which the agglomerates are retained.
5. A process as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, in which the agglomerates are separated from the ash-containing water phase by adding in a separate mixing device an amount of hydro-carbons to the agglomerate-containing water phase, so that two phases are present in this mixing device and the agglomerates migrate from the water phase into the hydrocarbon phase.
6. A process as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, in which after the separation of the agglomerates from the water phase, the agglomerates are mixed at once with the total amount of hydrocarbon fuel.
7. A process as claimed in claim 1, in which after the separation of the agglomerates from the water phase, the agglomerates are mixed with part of the total required amount of hydrocarbon fuel to form a thick sludge, and sub-sequently diluting the sludge with the remainder of the hydro-carbon fuel.
8. A process as claimed in claim 7, in which the agglomerates are disintegrated while they are mixed with at least part of the total required amount of hydrocarbon fuel.
9. A process as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, in which the hydrocarbon fuel is a fuel based on heavy oil fractions.
10. A process as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, in which the hydrocarbon fuel is fuel oil.
11. A process as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, in which said binder is a permanent binder which is ultimately taken up in the fuel.
12. A process as claimed in claim 1, in which said binder is of a type such that it is regained from the agglomerates in the course of the process and recirculated.
13. A process as claimed in claim 12, in which the binder is a light hydrocarbon fraction and the fuel is a heavy hydrocarbon fraction, the agglomerates being mixed with the fuel at a temperature above the boiling point or range of the binder.
14. A process as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, in which the applied hydrocarbon fuel is also used as a binder.
15. A process as claimed in claim 1, in which the agglomerates after separation from the ash-containing water phase are mixed with an additional amount of water and additional binder, the agglomerates are disintegrated, the coal is re-agglomerated under turbulent conditions, and the fresh agglomerates are separated from ash-containing water and taken up in the hydrocarbon fuel.
16. A process as claimed in claim 15, in which the first agglomeration step of the two stage agglomeration is performed in a high shear agglomeration device.
17. A process as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein said agglomerates are taken up in said hydrocarbon fuel during said separating.
18. A process as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein said agglomerates are taken up in said hydrocarbon fuel after said separating.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB37046/75 | 1975-09-09 | ||
| GB37046/75A GB1548400A (en) | 1975-09-09 | 1975-09-09 | Process for preparing a suspension of carbonaceous particles in hydrocarbon oil |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1084268A true CA1084268A (en) | 1980-08-26 |
Family
ID=10393310
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA258,741A Expired CA1084268A (en) | 1975-09-09 | 1976-08-10 | Process for preparing a suspension of particles in a hydrocarbon oil |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE845733A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1084268A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1548400A (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA765314B (en) |
-
1975
- 1975-09-09 GB GB37046/75A patent/GB1548400A/en not_active Expired
-
1976
- 1976-08-10 CA CA258,741A patent/CA1084268A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-09-01 BE BE1007596A patent/BE845733A/en unknown
- 1976-09-07 ZA ZA765314A patent/ZA765314B/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE845733A (en) | 1977-03-01 |
| ZA765314B (en) | 1977-08-31 |
| GB1548400A (en) | 1979-07-11 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |