CA1084181A - Apparatus for removal of impurities from liquids - Google Patents
Apparatus for removal of impurities from liquidsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1084181A CA1084181A CA276,944A CA276944A CA1084181A CA 1084181 A CA1084181 A CA 1084181A CA 276944 A CA276944 A CA 276944A CA 1084181 A CA1084181 A CA 1084181A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- vessel
- openings
- particulate
- filter material
- wall
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920002101 Chitin Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002611 lead compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 chromium anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- MOUPNEIJQCETIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead chromate Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O MOUPNEIJQCETIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000015203 fruit juice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000238565 lobster Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002198 insoluble material Substances 0.000 claims 8
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- GRYSXUXXBDSYRT-WOUKDFQISA-N (2r,3r,4r,5r)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methoxy-5-[6-(methylamino)purin-9-yl]oxolan-3-ol Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(NC)=NC=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC GRYSXUXXBDSYRT-WOUKDFQISA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000012721 chromium Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 229940107218 chromium Drugs 0.000 description 12
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001600451 Chromis Species 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 2
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004887 ferric hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- IEECXTSVVFWGSE-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron(3+);oxygen(2-);hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[Fe+3] IEECXTSVVFWGSE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000002832 shoulder Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- MFEVGQHCNVXMER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 1,3,2$l^{2}-dioxaplumbetan-4-one Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-]C([O-])=O MFEVGQHCNVXMER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000239290 Araneae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000018361 Contactin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108060003955 Contactin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000238424 Crustacea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000003 Lead carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000036366 Sensation of pressure Diseases 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000738 acetamido group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(=O)N([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015197 apple juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005465 channeling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019990 fruit wine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000002791 glucosyl group Chemical group C1([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO)* 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021514 lead(II) hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021110 pickles Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014101 wine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/286—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using natural organic sorbents or derivatives thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D24/00—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof
- B01D24/02—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof with the filter bed stationary during the filtration
- B01D24/04—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof with the filter bed stationary during the filtration the filtering material being clamped between pervious fixed walls
- B01D24/08—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof with the filter bed stationary during the filtration the filtering material being clamped between pervious fixed walls the filtering material being supported by at least two pervious coaxial walls
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D24/00—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof
- B01D24/46—Regenerating the filtering material in the filter
- B01D24/4605—Regenerating the filtering material in the filter by scrapers, brushes, nozzles or the like placed on the cake-side of the stationary filtering material and only contacting the external layer
- B01D24/461—Regenerating the filtering material in the filter by scrapers, brushes, nozzles or the like placed on the cake-side of the stationary filtering material and only contacting the external layer by scrapers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D35/00—Filtering devices having features not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00, or for applications not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00; Auxiliary devices for filtration; Filter housing constructions
- B01D35/22—Directing the mixture to be filtered on to the filters in a manner to clean the filters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J47/00—Ion-exchange processes in general; Apparatus therefor
- B01J47/011—Ion-exchange processes in general; Apparatus therefor using batch processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Ion Exchange (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Treatment Of Liquids With Adsorbents In General (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
Abstract
TITLE
PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR REMOVAL
OF IMPURITIES FROM LIQUIDS
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A unit is disclosed for removal of impurities present in liquids such as waste water effluent. The unit comprises a vessel containing a loose quantity of particulate treating material for absorption or reaction with the impurities in the liquid. A wall of the unit has multiple small openings therein, each of the open-ings filled with a finely-divided, compacted, particulate filter material such as diatomaceous earth which is retained in the open-ings by one or more layers of a woven inert material such as nylon or polyester having mesh openings sufficiently small to prevent passage of the particulate filter material therethrough. The woven material is secured over the outer surface of the openings in the wall of the vessel. Means are mounted within the vessel to pro-gressively sweep over the inner surface of the wall just out of contact therewith and over the openings in which the particulate filter material is retained to remove impurities lodged thereon and prevent blinding of the filter material by such impurities. The same means also acts to uniformly mix the particulate treating material held within the vessel. The liquid with the impurities removed, because of the pressure differential between the inside and outside of the vessel, passes through the particulate filter material retained in the small openings of the vessel and is dis- -charged from the housing surrounding the vessel. The treating ma-terial, once spent, is replaced as necessary.
PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR REMOVAL
OF IMPURITIES FROM LIQUIDS
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A unit is disclosed for removal of impurities present in liquids such as waste water effluent. The unit comprises a vessel containing a loose quantity of particulate treating material for absorption or reaction with the impurities in the liquid. A wall of the unit has multiple small openings therein, each of the open-ings filled with a finely-divided, compacted, particulate filter material such as diatomaceous earth which is retained in the open-ings by one or more layers of a woven inert material such as nylon or polyester having mesh openings sufficiently small to prevent passage of the particulate filter material therethrough. The woven material is secured over the outer surface of the openings in the wall of the vessel. Means are mounted within the vessel to pro-gressively sweep over the inner surface of the wall just out of contact therewith and over the openings in which the particulate filter material is retained to remove impurities lodged thereon and prevent blinding of the filter material by such impurities. The same means also acts to uniformly mix the particulate treating material held within the vessel. The liquid with the impurities removed, because of the pressure differential between the inside and outside of the vessel, passes through the particulate filter material retained in the small openings of the vessel and is dis- -charged from the housing surrounding the vessel. The treating ma-terial, once spent, is replaced as necessary.
Description
!
BAC~GROUND OF Tl~ INV~TION
Fiel~ of the Invention This invention relates to a unit for r~moval of impurities from liquids and to a method for doing so.
Description of the Prior Art ~ moval of impurities from liquids such as aqueous solu-tions, particularly, heavy metals present in small quantities in waste water ~ffluent, is an acute probl~n due to the toxicity of the heavy metals and the increasingly stringent water quality reg-ulations regulating discharge of such materials into water bodies.
In many areas, water containing small quantities of heavy metals ~such as chromium, lead, mercury, cadmiuM, berylli~, etc. cannot De discharged into municipal sewage syste~ls without rer.loval of the heavy metals to an extremely low level.
For other purposes, filtering of aqueous solutions is not adequate with conventional filteriny devices because of the nature of the material to be filtered. For example, ferric hydroxide is a gelatinous solid which is very difficult to filter. Fruit juic~s containing impurities rendering the solution cloudy axe also difficult to filter and clarify.
Liquids such as used motor oils, tallow, etc. are difficult~
to purify by conventional means.
The removal and recovery of hexavalent chromium from aqueous metal treating baths by con~act of the hexavalent chromi~n with a lead compound to form a water-insoluble lead chromate is disclosed in,United States Patent ~o. 3,493,328. U. S. Patent ~lo. 3,791,520 also discloses a system for removing chromium anions present in small quantities from waste waters by contacting the waste water ^~
stream with a particulate carrier having a water insoluble lead compound adsorbed thereon, the lead compoun~ reacting with the chrom-ium in the waste water stream to form a water-insoluble lead chromate.
The syst~m for chromi~,l removal disclosed in U. S. Patent ~o. 3,791~520 r ~B4~8~
pro~ ~les an effective r.lethod of chromium removal; however, the.flow rate through the system must be closely controlled to prevent "chann~l-ing" which results in inadequate removal of the chromium anions from the incorning waste wat~r stream. In an effort to overcome the problems encountered with the unit described in U. S. Patent No.
3,791,520, the unit disclosed and claimed herein was designed.
The use of chitin and chitosan to re~.love metal ions from aqueous solutions is ~inown from U. S. ~'atent Nos. 3,533,940 and 3,635,81~.
SU~L~RY O~ '~HE I~VR~TIOM
It is a primary object of this invention to provide a unit for removal of i~purities from liquids, the impuritites gen-erally present in small quantities, by contactin~ the liquid con-taining the impurities with a loose, particulate treating material which acts to r~nove the impurity from the liquid stre~ by reaction, by ion exchange or by adsorption, the treating material held in a vessel haviny a wall with multiple small op~nings therein, each filled with an inert, compact, finely-divided filter material re-tained therein.
It is a further obj~ct of this invention to provide a unit for removal of metal ions pres~nt in small quantities in waste water streams by feeding the water containiny the metal ions into a vessel have multiple small-sized openings in a wall thereof filled with an inert, particulate, finely-divided filter material retained in the openings of the vessel by a fine mesh material covering the outer surface of the wall and the openings, the vessel filled with a particulate treating material which rer.loves the m~tal ions con~
tained in the aqueous stream, the metal ions retained within the vessél while the water with the ions removed passes throuyh the particulate filter u~terial for discharge.
It is a primary object of tnis inv~ntion to provide a r unit for removal of impurities from non-aqueous liquids such as hydrocarbon oils, tallow, etc. ~y contacting the non-aqueous liquid containing the impurities with a loose, particulate treating mater-ial which acts to remove the iMpurity from the liquid, the treating material held in a vessel having a wall with multiple small open- ~
ings therein, each filled with an inert, compact, finely-divided ~`
filter material retained therein. I;
It is a further object of this invention to provide a !
unit for removal of impurities ernploying means within the treating vessel to progressively sweep the tnner surfac~ of the vessel over the openings therein to prevent blinding of the filter material retained in the op~nings by solids and to uniformly distribute the ¦~`
treating material within the vessel.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a unit for removal of heavy metals present in small quantities from water streams by contact of the water stream containing the heavy metal with particulate, naturally-occurring polysaccharide polymer held w~thin a cylindrical vessel having multi~le small openings therein filled with a compact, inert, inely divided filter mater-ial.
These and other objects are accomplished by a system which com~rises (1) a vessel holding a charye of a particulate treat-ing material which acts to remove impurities from the liquid fed the~ein, the vessel having multiple small openings in a wall there-of filled with a compact, inert, finely-divided filter material retained in the openings by suitable means, and (2) means for re-peatedly and progressively sweeping the inner surface of the vessel over the openings therein and just out of contact with the inn~r vessel wall to prevent blinding of the particulate filter material retained in the openings, the same means also mixing and distri-buting the treating material within the vessel.
BRIEF DESCRIPTIO~ OF T~IE D~ GS
. .
Fiy. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a unit for carryiny 10841 81 t out the invention disclosed;
Fig, 2 is a cross-sectional view along line 2-2 of Fig. A, l; and Fig. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion of the cylindrical vessel wall of Fig. 1 illustrating the location ;
of the finely divided particulate material and the woven mesh mat-erial which retains the particulate material in the snall openings of the cylindrical vessel.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
~queous streams containing heavy rnetal ions such as chromium, banium, lead, zinc found in waters in the plating in-du~try can be treated with the unit disclosed to remove the metal ions to such a low level that there is no problem in discharging the resultant effluent into water bodies.
The unit may be also used to remove ferric hydroxide, phosphates, and cyanide fror~l aqueous streams, remove impurities frora water discharged from leather tanneries, filter fruit juices or wines, filter waste petroleum oils, etc.
Fig. 1 illustrates one syst~ for reroving impurities from liquids. An outer cylindrical housing 10 having end walls 16 and 18 is provided with a discharge port 12 for discharge of treated liquid after it passes into and through the openings in the wall of an inner cylindrical vessel 14. End walls 16 an~ 18 include shoul-der portions 17 and 19 of substantiaLly the same diameter as the inner diameter of shell 20 of the inner cylindrical v~ssel. The end walls 16 and 18 cap the open ends of vessel 14. o-ring 21 pro-vides an effective s~al between wall 20 and the shoulder portion 17 of end wall 16. End wall 18 includes a flan~e portion 11 which is secured to an integral flange portion 13 of housing 10 by suitable fastening means 15. O-ring 23 provides an effective seal between portion 13 and housing 10. Cylindrical wall 20 is secured by suit-able means over the flange portion 19 of end wall 18. End wall 19 1~84~81 .
has an inlet port 25 therein for introducin~ the liquid to ~e treated into the interior of vessel 14. The inlet port may be fitted with a pressure meter 27 and/or flow m~ter if desired. ;~
Cylindrical wall 20 has multiple small openings 22 therein (see Fig. 3). The size of the op~nings may vary but preferably range from 1/8 to 1/2 inch in diameter. The outer housing 10, cylindrical vessel 20 and end walls 16 and 18 are preferably manufactured fror a synthetic plastic material which can withstand highly acidic ma-terials without damage thereto. The units ~nay also be manufactured from stainless steel or other suitable metals if desired, depending on the water to be treated.
j Imbedded in each of the op~nings 22 is a finely-divided, ¦ particulate, inert, filter material 24, such as diator;laceous earth.
The particle size of the filter material is chosen depending on the solid~ to be retained. The particle size of the filter material 24 should be sufficiently s~all to prevent passage therethrough of particulate solids in the waste water. A pxeferred particle size is on the order of 2 to 5 microns, on the average. Too small a particle size of filter matexial results in too slow filter rate while too large a particle size does not effectively remove the impurities sought to be removed. To xetain the filter material within the openings 22, a woven fabric 23 or ot~er suitable mater-ial having a mesh size s~all enough to prevent passage of the par-ticulate filter material therethrough is placed over the outer surface of the cylindrical shell 20 and over the openings 22. For example, a woven nylon or polyester knit cloth adhesively bonded to the outer surface of the cylindrical shell has been found to work adequately.
Mounted within the vessel are a series of blades 26 which extend substantially the length of the vessel. ~ach blade is scured by suitable struts 2~ to a rotatable shaft 30 axially mounted in the vessel. The outer periphery of each of the blades is designed . 1~8418L
to pass over the inner openings as close as possible to the inner surface of the wall 20 without affecting the filter material 24 contain~d in the opaning 22. llhe clearance between the blades and the inner suxface of wall 20 is preferably about 1/64-inch. Shaft 30 extends through an opening in wall 18 and is connected to suit-able power means 32, such as a hydraulic motor by a connector 29 for rotation thereof. 7~ standard shaft packing gland 31 surrounds shaft 30 to prevent leakage through end wall 18.
~ For removal of hexavalent chromium from wast~ water solu-tions the interior of vessel 14 may be filled with a water-insoluble lead compound which reacts with chromium anions in the water being treated to form water-insoluble lead chromate. The lead compound used may be lead oxide, lead carbonate, lead hydroxide, or other water-insoluble lead compound. The particle size of the partic-ulate filter material 24 retained in the openings of the cylindrical shell 20 is chosen to prevent passage of the finely divided lead chromate precipitate which forms as a result of the reaction of the water-insoluble lead compound in the vessel with the chromium anions contained in the waste water stream. The smaller the particle size of filter material used, the lower the rate of filtration. A pres-sure differential between the interior and exterior of vessel 14 of 3 to 6 psi is maintained for adéquate filtration. It has also been found that a wall thickness of the cylindrical shell 20 should be from 1/4" to 1/2" and preferably 3/~" for optimum results. The depth of the diator.laceous earth 24 filling the openings 22 in the cylindrical shell is equal to the wall thickness. The vessel is ~illed with the particulate lead compound in loose form or adsorbed in t~e pores of a particulate carrier such as disclosed in U. S.
Patent No. 3,791,280. Waste water containing small quantities of chromium anions is fed into the vessel through inlet port 25. On contact with the lead compound in the cylindrical vessel, a finely-divided water-insoluble lead chromate precipitate is formed. ~he water passes through the diatomaceous earth filter mat~rial 24, 1~84181 (FW50 with a particle siæe of about 1/64-inch), the diatomaceous ;~
earth preventing passage of the lead chromate precipitate thGretllrouyh.
The blades 26 within the vessel are rotated at a speed sufficient to prevent blinding of the diatomaceous earth filter material 24 by the finely-divided lead chror3ate pr~cipitate. The blades also continuously mix the lead compound within the vessel to prevent channelincJ. The water with the chromiurn r~loved is discharged from the housing 10 through port 12. If desired, monitoring means, such as a conductivity meter, may be used to continuously sample the discharge water to determine the level of chromium anions in the water being discharged. ~len the bed of lead within the vessel is ~-substantially spent water-soluble chromium will pass through the filter material causing a change in the conductivity of the water being discharged. The monitor, if desired, can be connected to suitable control means to automatically discontinue feeding water into the unit or to notify an operator to take appropriate action.
Two or more units can be run in tandem so that when one unit is sp2nt the waste water to be treated can be fed into the adjacent unit. The lead chromate precipitate contained within the vessel can be recovered and sold as a pigment to the paint industry, or otherwise used.
, The system disclosed is also useful for reMoval of other heavy metals, such as nickel, cadmium, mercury and lead present in small quantities in water streams, using a particulate treating material containing a naturally-occurring polysaccharide polymer such as chitin or chitosan as disclosed in U. S. Patent No. 3,533,940 and 3,635,818. Chitin is the main structural component of lobster, shrimp and crab shells as well as the exterior skeletons of other crustaceans, insects and spiders. Chitin is composed of chains of glucose units in which one hydroxyl in every ylucose fragment is replaced by acetamido group. "Chitosan", a deacylated form of chitin produced by heating chitin in aqueous acid, has similar properties ` 1~84~81 to chitin. Both chitin and "Chitosan" act as ion exchange mater- ~
ials for the removal of heavy metals such as chromium, lead, mercury, ~`
zinc and cadmium contained in water soluble form in water streams.
The cylindrical vessel 14 is filled with particulate shrimp, lobster or crab shells or other source of chitin, the chitin or chitosan acting as an ion exchange material to remove the solubilized heavy metals in the water stream fed into the vessel. The p~ of the enter-ing strear~ to be treated is preferably adjusted to the pl~ of less than about 7, such as pH 6.5. The cylindrical vessel 14 is filled with the paxticulate chitin polymer. The particle size of the chitin or chitosan should range between 6 and 60 mesh (U.S. Sieve Series).
As mentioned earlier the small openings in the vessel wall are filled with a compact, finely-divided, particulate filter material such as idatomaceous earth. Blades within the vessel are used to uniformly mix the particulate treating material contained therein to prevent channeling and to assure uniform action of the heavy metals contained in the water stream with the treating material. As mentioned previously, the ~ater discharged from the unit can be continuously monitored to determine the effective removal of tne heavy metals contained there-in. When the ion exchange properties of the chitin or chitosan have been substantially spent, the incoming water to be treated can be transferred to a second unit. The heavy metals sequestered by the treating material in the cylindrical vessel can be recovered by pyrolysis of the material. Pyrolysis is a known technique involving the heating of the bed of treating material in a closed vessel in the absence of oxygent sufficient to decompose the treating material -~
and recover the metal.
~ One of the problems associated with the use of shrimp or crab shells is that they begin to smell very quickly after the m~at is removed from the shells due to decay. This makes them almost impossible to use because of the odor associated therewith. It has been found tllat soaking the shells in a solution of 0.5 to ~ per 1~84181 .~` ` ' . ' cent by weight formaldehyde prevents their decay. After soaking in formaldehyde the shells can be dried and used without any odor ;,' associated therewith. '~
The addition of formaldehyde or other aldehyde to the ,~
treating material also has the advantage of destroying free and/or chemically combined cyanide present in the aqueous solution to be ;' ' treated, as described in U. S. Patent No. 3,505,217.
If the aqueous stream to be treated contains gross amounts ,~
of heavy metals it is preferable to subject it to pretreatment to reduce the level of the heavy m~tals. For example, acid solutions such as pickle liquor solutions may be pretreated by adjusting the pH of the solution with caustic or other suitable base and preferably to around p~l 6.5, and then adding sodiurn sulfide to precipitate out the heavy metal.
The unit may also be used in conjunction with chitin or ~, chitosan to remove cyanide present in aqueous streams. For exar.lple, ,~
n a solution containing caustic and nic~el cyanide, an aldehyde such as formaldehyde or acetaldehyde is added which reacts with and , breaks down the cyanide. The p~ of the solution is then preferably ,adjusted to around pH 6.5 and sodium sulfide added to precipitate out the heavy metal w~lich is retained within the filter unit by the filter material 24.
The unit may also be used in conjunction with conventional filter aids ~diatomaceous earth) as the treating material to filter and clarify fruit juices such as apple juice and wines. A coarser grade of diatornaceous earth is used for the treating material than for the filter material 24. For cleaning cran~case oil the unit may be filled with an acid clay as the treating material.
:. : . , . . , ~, ,
BAC~GROUND OF Tl~ INV~TION
Fiel~ of the Invention This invention relates to a unit for r~moval of impurities from liquids and to a method for doing so.
Description of the Prior Art ~ moval of impurities from liquids such as aqueous solu-tions, particularly, heavy metals present in small quantities in waste water ~ffluent, is an acute probl~n due to the toxicity of the heavy metals and the increasingly stringent water quality reg-ulations regulating discharge of such materials into water bodies.
In many areas, water containing small quantities of heavy metals ~such as chromium, lead, mercury, cadmiuM, berylli~, etc. cannot De discharged into municipal sewage syste~ls without rer.loval of the heavy metals to an extremely low level.
For other purposes, filtering of aqueous solutions is not adequate with conventional filteriny devices because of the nature of the material to be filtered. For example, ferric hydroxide is a gelatinous solid which is very difficult to filter. Fruit juic~s containing impurities rendering the solution cloudy axe also difficult to filter and clarify.
Liquids such as used motor oils, tallow, etc. are difficult~
to purify by conventional means.
The removal and recovery of hexavalent chromium from aqueous metal treating baths by con~act of the hexavalent chromi~n with a lead compound to form a water-insoluble lead chromate is disclosed in,United States Patent ~o. 3,493,328. U. S. Patent ~lo. 3,791,520 also discloses a system for removing chromium anions present in small quantities from waste waters by contacting the waste water ^~
stream with a particulate carrier having a water insoluble lead compound adsorbed thereon, the lead compoun~ reacting with the chrom-ium in the waste water stream to form a water-insoluble lead chromate.
The syst~m for chromi~,l removal disclosed in U. S. Patent ~o. 3,791~520 r ~B4~8~
pro~ ~les an effective r.lethod of chromium removal; however, the.flow rate through the system must be closely controlled to prevent "chann~l-ing" which results in inadequate removal of the chromium anions from the incorning waste wat~r stream. In an effort to overcome the problems encountered with the unit described in U. S. Patent No.
3,791,520, the unit disclosed and claimed herein was designed.
The use of chitin and chitosan to re~.love metal ions from aqueous solutions is ~inown from U. S. ~'atent Nos. 3,533,940 and 3,635,81~.
SU~L~RY O~ '~HE I~VR~TIOM
It is a primary object of this invention to provide a unit for removal of i~purities from liquids, the impuritites gen-erally present in small quantities, by contactin~ the liquid con-taining the impurities with a loose, particulate treating material which acts to r~nove the impurity from the liquid stre~ by reaction, by ion exchange or by adsorption, the treating material held in a vessel haviny a wall with multiple small op~nings therein, each filled with an inert, compact, finely-divided filter material re-tained therein.
It is a further obj~ct of this invention to provide a unit for removal of metal ions pres~nt in small quantities in waste water streams by feeding the water containiny the metal ions into a vessel have multiple small-sized openings in a wall thereof filled with an inert, particulate, finely-divided filter material retained in the openings of the vessel by a fine mesh material covering the outer surface of the wall and the openings, the vessel filled with a particulate treating material which rer.loves the m~tal ions con~
tained in the aqueous stream, the metal ions retained within the vessél while the water with the ions removed passes throuyh the particulate filter u~terial for discharge.
It is a primary object of tnis inv~ntion to provide a r unit for removal of impurities from non-aqueous liquids such as hydrocarbon oils, tallow, etc. ~y contacting the non-aqueous liquid containing the impurities with a loose, particulate treating mater-ial which acts to remove the iMpurity from the liquid, the treating material held in a vessel having a wall with multiple small open- ~
ings therein, each filled with an inert, compact, finely-divided ~`
filter material retained therein. I;
It is a further object of this invention to provide a !
unit for removal of impurities ernploying means within the treating vessel to progressively sweep the tnner surfac~ of the vessel over the openings therein to prevent blinding of the filter material retained in the op~nings by solids and to uniformly distribute the ¦~`
treating material within the vessel.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a unit for removal of heavy metals present in small quantities from water streams by contact of the water stream containing the heavy metal with particulate, naturally-occurring polysaccharide polymer held w~thin a cylindrical vessel having multi~le small openings therein filled with a compact, inert, inely divided filter mater-ial.
These and other objects are accomplished by a system which com~rises (1) a vessel holding a charye of a particulate treat-ing material which acts to remove impurities from the liquid fed the~ein, the vessel having multiple small openings in a wall there-of filled with a compact, inert, finely-divided filter material retained in the openings by suitable means, and (2) means for re-peatedly and progressively sweeping the inner surface of the vessel over the openings therein and just out of contact with the inn~r vessel wall to prevent blinding of the particulate filter material retained in the openings, the same means also mixing and distri-buting the treating material within the vessel.
BRIEF DESCRIPTIO~ OF T~IE D~ GS
. .
Fiy. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a unit for carryiny 10841 81 t out the invention disclosed;
Fig, 2 is a cross-sectional view along line 2-2 of Fig. A, l; and Fig. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion of the cylindrical vessel wall of Fig. 1 illustrating the location ;
of the finely divided particulate material and the woven mesh mat-erial which retains the particulate material in the snall openings of the cylindrical vessel.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
~queous streams containing heavy rnetal ions such as chromium, banium, lead, zinc found in waters in the plating in-du~try can be treated with the unit disclosed to remove the metal ions to such a low level that there is no problem in discharging the resultant effluent into water bodies.
The unit may be also used to remove ferric hydroxide, phosphates, and cyanide fror~l aqueous streams, remove impurities frora water discharged from leather tanneries, filter fruit juices or wines, filter waste petroleum oils, etc.
Fig. 1 illustrates one syst~ for reroving impurities from liquids. An outer cylindrical housing 10 having end walls 16 and 18 is provided with a discharge port 12 for discharge of treated liquid after it passes into and through the openings in the wall of an inner cylindrical vessel 14. End walls 16 an~ 18 include shoul-der portions 17 and 19 of substantiaLly the same diameter as the inner diameter of shell 20 of the inner cylindrical v~ssel. The end walls 16 and 18 cap the open ends of vessel 14. o-ring 21 pro-vides an effective s~al between wall 20 and the shoulder portion 17 of end wall 16. End wall 18 includes a flan~e portion 11 which is secured to an integral flange portion 13 of housing 10 by suitable fastening means 15. O-ring 23 provides an effective seal between portion 13 and housing 10. Cylindrical wall 20 is secured by suit-able means over the flange portion 19 of end wall 18. End wall 19 1~84~81 .
has an inlet port 25 therein for introducin~ the liquid to ~e treated into the interior of vessel 14. The inlet port may be fitted with a pressure meter 27 and/or flow m~ter if desired. ;~
Cylindrical wall 20 has multiple small openings 22 therein (see Fig. 3). The size of the op~nings may vary but preferably range from 1/8 to 1/2 inch in diameter. The outer housing 10, cylindrical vessel 20 and end walls 16 and 18 are preferably manufactured fror a synthetic plastic material which can withstand highly acidic ma-terials without damage thereto. The units ~nay also be manufactured from stainless steel or other suitable metals if desired, depending on the water to be treated.
j Imbedded in each of the op~nings 22 is a finely-divided, ¦ particulate, inert, filter material 24, such as diator;laceous earth.
The particle size of the filter material is chosen depending on the solid~ to be retained. The particle size of the filter material 24 should be sufficiently s~all to prevent passage therethrough of particulate solids in the waste water. A pxeferred particle size is on the order of 2 to 5 microns, on the average. Too small a particle size of filter matexial results in too slow filter rate while too large a particle size does not effectively remove the impurities sought to be removed. To xetain the filter material within the openings 22, a woven fabric 23 or ot~er suitable mater-ial having a mesh size s~all enough to prevent passage of the par-ticulate filter material therethrough is placed over the outer surface of the cylindrical shell 20 and over the openings 22. For example, a woven nylon or polyester knit cloth adhesively bonded to the outer surface of the cylindrical shell has been found to work adequately.
Mounted within the vessel are a series of blades 26 which extend substantially the length of the vessel. ~ach blade is scured by suitable struts 2~ to a rotatable shaft 30 axially mounted in the vessel. The outer periphery of each of the blades is designed . 1~8418L
to pass over the inner openings as close as possible to the inner surface of the wall 20 without affecting the filter material 24 contain~d in the opaning 22. llhe clearance between the blades and the inner suxface of wall 20 is preferably about 1/64-inch. Shaft 30 extends through an opening in wall 18 and is connected to suit-able power means 32, such as a hydraulic motor by a connector 29 for rotation thereof. 7~ standard shaft packing gland 31 surrounds shaft 30 to prevent leakage through end wall 18.
~ For removal of hexavalent chromium from wast~ water solu-tions the interior of vessel 14 may be filled with a water-insoluble lead compound which reacts with chromium anions in the water being treated to form water-insoluble lead chromate. The lead compound used may be lead oxide, lead carbonate, lead hydroxide, or other water-insoluble lead compound. The particle size of the partic-ulate filter material 24 retained in the openings of the cylindrical shell 20 is chosen to prevent passage of the finely divided lead chromate precipitate which forms as a result of the reaction of the water-insoluble lead compound in the vessel with the chromium anions contained in the waste water stream. The smaller the particle size of filter material used, the lower the rate of filtration. A pres-sure differential between the interior and exterior of vessel 14 of 3 to 6 psi is maintained for adéquate filtration. It has also been found that a wall thickness of the cylindrical shell 20 should be from 1/4" to 1/2" and preferably 3/~" for optimum results. The depth of the diator.laceous earth 24 filling the openings 22 in the cylindrical shell is equal to the wall thickness. The vessel is ~illed with the particulate lead compound in loose form or adsorbed in t~e pores of a particulate carrier such as disclosed in U. S.
Patent No. 3,791,280. Waste water containing small quantities of chromium anions is fed into the vessel through inlet port 25. On contact with the lead compound in the cylindrical vessel, a finely-divided water-insoluble lead chromate precipitate is formed. ~he water passes through the diatomaceous earth filter mat~rial 24, 1~84181 (FW50 with a particle siæe of about 1/64-inch), the diatomaceous ;~
earth preventing passage of the lead chromate precipitate thGretllrouyh.
The blades 26 within the vessel are rotated at a speed sufficient to prevent blinding of the diatomaceous earth filter material 24 by the finely-divided lead chror3ate pr~cipitate. The blades also continuously mix the lead compound within the vessel to prevent channelincJ. The water with the chromiurn r~loved is discharged from the housing 10 through port 12. If desired, monitoring means, such as a conductivity meter, may be used to continuously sample the discharge water to determine the level of chromium anions in the water being discharged. ~len the bed of lead within the vessel is ~-substantially spent water-soluble chromium will pass through the filter material causing a change in the conductivity of the water being discharged. The monitor, if desired, can be connected to suitable control means to automatically discontinue feeding water into the unit or to notify an operator to take appropriate action.
Two or more units can be run in tandem so that when one unit is sp2nt the waste water to be treated can be fed into the adjacent unit. The lead chromate precipitate contained within the vessel can be recovered and sold as a pigment to the paint industry, or otherwise used.
, The system disclosed is also useful for reMoval of other heavy metals, such as nickel, cadmium, mercury and lead present in small quantities in water streams, using a particulate treating material containing a naturally-occurring polysaccharide polymer such as chitin or chitosan as disclosed in U. S. Patent No. 3,533,940 and 3,635,818. Chitin is the main structural component of lobster, shrimp and crab shells as well as the exterior skeletons of other crustaceans, insects and spiders. Chitin is composed of chains of glucose units in which one hydroxyl in every ylucose fragment is replaced by acetamido group. "Chitosan", a deacylated form of chitin produced by heating chitin in aqueous acid, has similar properties ` 1~84~81 to chitin. Both chitin and "Chitosan" act as ion exchange mater- ~
ials for the removal of heavy metals such as chromium, lead, mercury, ~`
zinc and cadmium contained in water soluble form in water streams.
The cylindrical vessel 14 is filled with particulate shrimp, lobster or crab shells or other source of chitin, the chitin or chitosan acting as an ion exchange material to remove the solubilized heavy metals in the water stream fed into the vessel. The p~ of the enter-ing strear~ to be treated is preferably adjusted to the pl~ of less than about 7, such as pH 6.5. The cylindrical vessel 14 is filled with the paxticulate chitin polymer. The particle size of the chitin or chitosan should range between 6 and 60 mesh (U.S. Sieve Series).
As mentioned earlier the small openings in the vessel wall are filled with a compact, finely-divided, particulate filter material such as idatomaceous earth. Blades within the vessel are used to uniformly mix the particulate treating material contained therein to prevent channeling and to assure uniform action of the heavy metals contained in the water stream with the treating material. As mentioned previously, the ~ater discharged from the unit can be continuously monitored to determine the effective removal of tne heavy metals contained there-in. When the ion exchange properties of the chitin or chitosan have been substantially spent, the incoming water to be treated can be transferred to a second unit. The heavy metals sequestered by the treating material in the cylindrical vessel can be recovered by pyrolysis of the material. Pyrolysis is a known technique involving the heating of the bed of treating material in a closed vessel in the absence of oxygent sufficient to decompose the treating material -~
and recover the metal.
~ One of the problems associated with the use of shrimp or crab shells is that they begin to smell very quickly after the m~at is removed from the shells due to decay. This makes them almost impossible to use because of the odor associated therewith. It has been found tllat soaking the shells in a solution of 0.5 to ~ per 1~84181 .~` ` ' . ' cent by weight formaldehyde prevents their decay. After soaking in formaldehyde the shells can be dried and used without any odor ;,' associated therewith. '~
The addition of formaldehyde or other aldehyde to the ,~
treating material also has the advantage of destroying free and/or chemically combined cyanide present in the aqueous solution to be ;' ' treated, as described in U. S. Patent No. 3,505,217.
If the aqueous stream to be treated contains gross amounts ,~
of heavy metals it is preferable to subject it to pretreatment to reduce the level of the heavy m~tals. For example, acid solutions such as pickle liquor solutions may be pretreated by adjusting the pH of the solution with caustic or other suitable base and preferably to around p~l 6.5, and then adding sodiurn sulfide to precipitate out the heavy metal.
The unit may also be used in conjunction with chitin or ~, chitosan to remove cyanide present in aqueous streams. For exar.lple, ,~
n a solution containing caustic and nic~el cyanide, an aldehyde such as formaldehyde or acetaldehyde is added which reacts with and , breaks down the cyanide. The p~ of the solution is then preferably ,adjusted to around pH 6.5 and sodium sulfide added to precipitate out the heavy metal w~lich is retained within the filter unit by the filter material 24.
The unit may also be used in conjunction with conventional filter aids ~diatomaceous earth) as the treating material to filter and clarify fruit juices such as apple juice and wines. A coarser grade of diatornaceous earth is used for the treating material than for the filter material 24. For cleaning cran~case oil the unit may be filled with an acid clay as the treating material.
:. : . , . . , ~, ,
Claims (15)
1. A method for the removal of an impurity from a liquid containing the same comprising:
passing the liquid containing the impurity succes-sively into contact with a particulate, water-insoluble mat-erial which acts to remove the impurity by chemical reaction, ion exchange or adsorption, the material contained in a ves-sel with the liquid being treated for removal of the impur-ity, and then passing the liquid with the impurity removed through an inert, packed layer of particulate, finely-divided filter material retained in small openings in the vessel wall immediately adjacent the treating material, the filter mater-ial having a particle size sufficient to prevent passage therethrough of particulate solids contained in the liquid;
and repeatedly sweeping directly adjacent the inner surface of the vessel wall over the openings in which the filter material is retained to prevent blinding of the filter material.
passing the liquid containing the impurity succes-sively into contact with a particulate, water-insoluble mat-erial which acts to remove the impurity by chemical reaction, ion exchange or adsorption, the material contained in a ves-sel with the liquid being treated for removal of the impur-ity, and then passing the liquid with the impurity removed through an inert, packed layer of particulate, finely-divided filter material retained in small openings in the vessel wall immediately adjacent the treating material, the filter mater-ial having a particle size sufficient to prevent passage therethrough of particulate solids contained in the liquid;
and repeatedly sweeping directly adjacent the inner surface of the vessel wall over the openings in which the filter material is retained to prevent blinding of the filter material.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the filter mat-erial retained in the openings is diatomaceous earth.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the average par-ticle size of the diatomaceous earth is from 2 to 5 microns and the depth of the filter material ranges from 1/4 to 1/2 inch.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the liquid is water, the impurity is chromium anions and the particulate, water-insoluble material is a water-insoluble lead compound chemically reactive with chromium anions to form water-insoluble lead chromate.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the liquid is an aqueous solution, the impurity is a heavy metal and the par-ticulate, water-insoluble material is chitin or chitosan which adsorbs and retains the heavy metal contained in the aqueous solution.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the material is one selected from the group consisting of the particulate shells of lobster, crab and shrimp treated with a solution containing formaldehyde.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the liquid is a fruit juice containing impurities and the material is a filter aid.
8. A system for removing an impurity from a liquid containing the same comprising:
a vessel holding a quantity of particulate, water-insoluble material which acts to remove the impurity by chemical reaction, ion exchange or adsorption, the material contained in the vessel with the liquid being treated for removal of the impurity from the liquid, the vessel having multiple, small openings in a wall thereof;
a packed layer of particulate, finely-divided fil-ter material, inert with respect to the impurity being re-moved, in each of the openings in the vessel wall;
means for retaining the layer of filter material in each of the openings;
means for feeding the liquid containing the impur-ity to be treated into the vessel into contact with the particulate, water-insoluble material and then through the particulate, finely-divided filter material in each of the openings in the vessel wall;
means in the vessel for repeatedly sweeping over the inner surface of the vessel and openings in which the filter material is retained to prevent blinding of the filter material; and means for maintaining a pressure differential be-tween the inside and outside of the vessel to aid in passage of the liquid through the filter material retained in the openings.
a vessel holding a quantity of particulate, water-insoluble material which acts to remove the impurity by chemical reaction, ion exchange or adsorption, the material contained in the vessel with the liquid being treated for removal of the impurity from the liquid, the vessel having multiple, small openings in a wall thereof;
a packed layer of particulate, finely-divided fil-ter material, inert with respect to the impurity being re-moved, in each of the openings in the vessel wall;
means for retaining the layer of filter material in each of the openings;
means for feeding the liquid containing the impur-ity to be treated into the vessel into contact with the particulate, water-insoluble material and then through the particulate, finely-divided filter material in each of the openings in the vessel wall;
means in the vessel for repeatedly sweeping over the inner surface of the vessel and openings in which the filter material is retained to prevent blinding of the filter material; and means for maintaining a pressure differential be-tween the inside and outside of the vessel to aid in passage of the liquid through the filter material retained in the openings.
9. The system of claim 8 wherein the filter mat-erial has a particle size of 2 to 5 microns.
10. The system of claim 8 wherein the vessel has a cylindrical wall with closed end walls, the cylindrical wall containing multiple small openings therein which the particu-late filter material is imbedded, wherein the means for re-taining the particulate filter material in the openings is a woven material covering the outer surface of the cylindrical wall of the vessel and openings and bonded thereto having a mesh size sufficiently small to prevent the particulate fil-ter material from passing therethrough, and wherein the means for repeatedly sweeping across the inner cylindrical wall is a series of blades extending substantially the length of the vessel mounted on a rotatable shaft axially positioned within the vessel.
11. The system of claim 10 wherein the longitudin-al axis of the cylindrical vessel is horizontally oriented.
12. The system of claim 8 wherein the thickness of the vessel wall and filter material is from 1/4 in. to 1/2 in. and the size of the multiple openings in the vessel wall is from 1/8 in. to 1/2 in. in diameter.
13. The system of claim 8 wherein the depth of the finely-divided filter material in each of the openings in the vessel wall is substantially the same as the thickness of the vessel wall.
14. The system of claim 8 wherein the means for retaining the layer of filter material in each of the multi-ple openings in the vessel wall is a material covering the multiple openings having a mesh size sufficient to prevent passage therethrough of the finely-divided filter material imbedded in the multiple openings of the vessel wall.
15. A system for removing an impurity contained in small quantities in an aqueous solution comprising:
an outer housing having a discharge opening there-in;
a cylindrical vessel mounted in the housing having spaced end walls connected by a cylindrical wall with a thickness of from 1/4 to 1/2 in., the cylindrical wall having multiple openings therein around its circumferential surface ranging in size from 1/8 to 1/2 in. in diameter;
a quantity of a particulate, water-insoluble mater-ial which acts to remove the impurity by chemical reaction, ion exchange or adsorption, the material contained in the vessel in the aqueous solution being treated for removal of the impurity in the aqueous solution;
a packed, finely-divided, particulate filter mat-erial imbedded in the multiple openings of the cylindrical wall of the vessel;
a woven material covering the outer surface of the cylindrical wall of the vessel and the multiple openings therein having a mesh size sufficient to prevent passage therethrough of the finely-divided filter material imbedded in the multiple openings of the cylindrical shell;
means for feeding the aqueous solution containing the impurity to be treated into the vessel into contact with the particulate, water-insoluble material and then through the particulate, finely-divided filter material in each of the openings in the vessel wall;
a series of blades extending substantially the length of the vessel mounted on a rotatable shaft axially positioned within the vessel for repeatedly sweeping direct-ly adjacent the inner surface of the cylindrical wall of the vessel and over the openings therein to prevent blinding of the filter material and to mix the particulate, water-insoluble material within the vessel;
means for maintaining a pressure differential be-tween the inside and outside of the vessel to aid in passage of the aqueous solution through the filter material retained in the multiple openings thereof; and power means connected to the shaft for rotation thereof.
an outer housing having a discharge opening there-in;
a cylindrical vessel mounted in the housing having spaced end walls connected by a cylindrical wall with a thickness of from 1/4 to 1/2 in., the cylindrical wall having multiple openings therein around its circumferential surface ranging in size from 1/8 to 1/2 in. in diameter;
a quantity of a particulate, water-insoluble mater-ial which acts to remove the impurity by chemical reaction, ion exchange or adsorption, the material contained in the vessel in the aqueous solution being treated for removal of the impurity in the aqueous solution;
a packed, finely-divided, particulate filter mat-erial imbedded in the multiple openings of the cylindrical wall of the vessel;
a woven material covering the outer surface of the cylindrical wall of the vessel and the multiple openings therein having a mesh size sufficient to prevent passage therethrough of the finely-divided filter material imbedded in the multiple openings of the cylindrical shell;
means for feeding the aqueous solution containing the impurity to be treated into the vessel into contact with the particulate, water-insoluble material and then through the particulate, finely-divided filter material in each of the openings in the vessel wall;
a series of blades extending substantially the length of the vessel mounted on a rotatable shaft axially positioned within the vessel for repeatedly sweeping direct-ly adjacent the inner surface of the cylindrical wall of the vessel and over the openings therein to prevent blinding of the filter material and to mix the particulate, water-insoluble material within the vessel;
means for maintaining a pressure differential be-tween the inside and outside of the vessel to aid in passage of the aqueous solution through the filter material retained in the multiple openings thereof; and power means connected to the shaft for rotation thereof.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US68245476A | 1976-05-03 | 1976-05-03 | |
| US682,454 | 1976-05-03 | ||
| US05/782,521 US4156647A (en) | 1976-05-03 | 1977-03-31 | Process and apparatus for removal of impurities from liquids |
| US782,521 | 1991-10-24 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1084181A true CA1084181A (en) | 1980-08-19 |
Family
ID=27102890
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA276,944A Expired CA1084181A (en) | 1976-05-03 | 1977-04-26 | Apparatus for removal of impurities from liquids |
Country Status (17)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS531167A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT359438B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2478777A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1084181A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH619860A5 (en) |
| DD (1) | DD130098A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2719742A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK190377A (en) |
| ES (2) | ES458666A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1563537A (en) |
| IE (1) | IE45142B1 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL51982A (en) |
| LU (1) | LU77238A1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7704801A (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ183966A (en) |
| PT (1) | PT66507B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7705052L (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4568463A (en) * | 1983-02-24 | 1986-02-04 | Klein Samuel H | Method and apparatus for the purification of water and other aqueous liquids |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH647547A5 (en) * | 1982-02-12 | 1985-01-31 | Chemap Ag | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR BREEDING MICROORGANISMS. |
| JPS6253785A (en) * | 1985-09-02 | 1987-03-09 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | Apparatus for separating bacterial cell |
| GB9819731D0 (en) * | 1998-09-11 | 1998-11-04 | Univ York | Liquid treatment |
-
1977
- 1977-04-26 CA CA276,944A patent/CA1084181A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-04-29 NZ NZ183966A patent/NZ183966A/en unknown
- 1977-05-02 ES ES458666A patent/ES458666A1/en not_active Expired
- 1977-05-02 AU AU24787/77A patent/AU2478777A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-05-02 DK DK190377A patent/DK190377A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-05-02 NL NL7704801A patent/NL7704801A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-05-02 IL IL51982A patent/IL51982A/en unknown
- 1977-05-02 GB GB18369/77A patent/GB1563537A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-05-02 SE SE7705052A patent/SE7705052L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-05-03 AT AT314777A patent/AT359438B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-05-03 PT PT66507A patent/PT66507B/en unknown
- 1977-05-03 DE DE19772719742 patent/DE2719742A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1977-05-03 IE IE891/77A patent/IE45142B1/en unknown
- 1977-05-03 CH CH552477A patent/CH619860A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-05-03 DD DD7700198726A patent/DD130098A5/en unknown
- 1977-05-03 LU LU77238A patent/LU77238A1/xx unknown
- 1977-05-04 JP JP5166377A patent/JPS531167A/en active Pending
-
1978
- 1978-04-01 ES ES469099A patent/ES469099A1/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4568463A (en) * | 1983-02-24 | 1986-02-04 | Klein Samuel H | Method and apparatus for the purification of water and other aqueous liquids |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AT359438B (en) | 1980-11-10 |
| IL51982A (en) | 1981-03-31 |
| CH619860A5 (en) | 1980-10-31 |
| NL7704801A (en) | 1977-11-07 |
| IE45142L (en) | 1977-11-03 |
| DE2719742A1 (en) | 1977-11-17 |
| ES469099A1 (en) | 1979-01-16 |
| SE7705052L (en) | 1977-11-04 |
| GB1563537A (en) | 1980-03-26 |
| PT66507A (en) | 1977-06-01 |
| LU77238A1 (en) | 1977-08-22 |
| NZ183966A (en) | 1979-11-01 |
| AU2478777A (en) | 1978-11-09 |
| ATA314777A (en) | 1980-03-15 |
| IE45142B1 (en) | 1982-06-30 |
| PT66507B (en) | 1979-01-22 |
| DD130098A5 (en) | 1978-03-08 |
| DK190377A (en) | 1977-11-04 |
| ES458666A1 (en) | 1978-07-16 |
| JPS531167A (en) | 1978-01-07 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| No et al. | Application of chitosan for treatment of wastewaters | |
| US4156647A (en) | Process and apparatus for removal of impurities from liquids | |
| DE2545482C2 (en) | Method and device for filtering liquids containing impurities | |
| Coughlin et al. | Chitosan in crab shell wastes purifies electroplating wastewater | |
| US3227650A (en) | Turbidity and color removal by filter aid filters | |
| US5024764A (en) | Method of making a composite filter | |
| US3575854A (en) | Rapid setiling of gelatinous precipitates | |
| CA2396331C (en) | Water treatment method and apparatus | |
| US3736253A (en) | Process and apparatus for removing mercury from waste water | |
| Tudor et al. | Seashells: detoxifying agents for metal-contaminated waters | |
| US4988448A (en) | Method for removing substances from a solution | |
| US3959129A (en) | Waste treatment process | |
| EP2862843B1 (en) | Polysaccharide microgels for cleaning water of petroleum and petroleum products and method for using same (variants) | |
| CA1084181A (en) | Apparatus for removal of impurities from liquids | |
| CN114733245A (en) | Solid-liquid separator and industrial wastewater concentration and salt separation device | |
| US4098697A (en) | Apparatus for removing mercury from waste water | |
| US4728437A (en) | Treatment and disposal of wastewaters containing carbon black and ash | |
| US4231870A (en) | Process for regeneration of a filter medium | |
| US2832473A (en) | Process of preparing filters and the filtration of liquids | |
| CA1331515C (en) | Recovery of silver from photo sensitive materials | |
| US3699039A (en) | Method for the removal of colloidal suspensions and other pollutants from liquid wastes | |
| Rahman | Evaluation of filtering efficiency of walnut granules as deep-bed filter media | |
| KR19980045201A (en) | Wastewater treatment agent using natural inorganic substance and its manufacturing method | |
| CN220283741U (en) | Electrolytic recovery device for copper plating cleaning water | |
| US3389081A (en) | Method of removing alkyl aryl sulfonates and phosphates from waste water |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |