CA1084020A - Device for preventing metallic contact, and for determining and controlling the spacing between grinding members - Google Patents
Device for preventing metallic contact, and for determining and controlling the spacing between grinding membersInfo
- Publication number
- CA1084020A CA1084020A CA249,632A CA249632A CA1084020A CA 1084020 A CA1084020 A CA 1084020A CA 249632 A CA249632 A CA 249632A CA 1084020 A CA1084020 A CA 1084020A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- grinding
- discs
- interspace
- width
- measuring
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C7/00—Crushing or disintegrating by disc mills
- B02C7/11—Details
- B02C7/14—Adjusting, applying pressure to, or controlling distance between, discs
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)
- Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
Abstract
ELECTRICALLY CONTROLLED SYSTEM FOR REGULATING THE
GRINDING SPACE IN A GRINDING APPARATUS
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A system for measuring and regulating the grinding space be-tween two metallic grinding discs and to prevent direct contact therebetween; one of the discs being rotated while the other one remains stationary to grind therebetween fibrous cellulosic mater-ial, such as moisture-containing wood chips, for pulp making.
One of the discs is electrically insulated from the other parts of the system and is included in an electric circuit with the positive and negative terminals connected to the disc at points electrically insulated from one another, and the moisture in the wood chips collected in the grinding space is used to produce a conductive cell, such as an electrolytic variable resistance, which bridges the two terminals and closes the circuit. The resistance of the cell, which varies in response to fluctuations in the grinding space, is measured by an ammeter or similar measuring device which thus gives a reading of the width of the grinding space. The measuring device may be used to actuate means for regulating the width of the grinding space and to stop the grinding operation im-mediately upon contact between the grinding discs.
GRINDING SPACE IN A GRINDING APPARATUS
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A system for measuring and regulating the grinding space be-tween two metallic grinding discs and to prevent direct contact therebetween; one of the discs being rotated while the other one remains stationary to grind therebetween fibrous cellulosic mater-ial, such as moisture-containing wood chips, for pulp making.
One of the discs is electrically insulated from the other parts of the system and is included in an electric circuit with the positive and negative terminals connected to the disc at points electrically insulated from one another, and the moisture in the wood chips collected in the grinding space is used to produce a conductive cell, such as an electrolytic variable resistance, which bridges the two terminals and closes the circuit. The resistance of the cell, which varies in response to fluctuations in the grinding space, is measured by an ammeter or similar measuring device which thus gives a reading of the width of the grinding space. The measuring device may be used to actuate means for regulating the width of the grinding space and to stop the grinding operation im-mediately upon contact between the grinding discs.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a grinding apparatus for disinte-gration of material in the interspace between two grinding members mounted rotatably in relation to one another.
~ ore particularly this invention relates to a device for pre-venting metallic contact and for measuring and controlling the `spacing between said grinding members.
Still more particularly, this invention relates to a device for measuring and controlling by means of an electric circuit the spacing between two electrically conductive grinding members in a grinding apparatus of the type in which at least one of the members is rotated by a rotatable shaft and through motor means, '' ~ ' 1 ' ~
~ 41~0 such as a servomotor, exerts axial pressure on the material to be ground while it passes through the interspace between the grinding members, and in which at least one element associated with one of the grinding members is electrically insulated from all other parts of the grinding apparatus.
THE PRIOR ART
In known devices of the kind in consideration, the electric-ally insulated element associated with one of the grinding mem-bers is a grinding segment of a disc-shaped contour.
The spacing between the grinding discs in a grinding appar-atus, e.g., a refiner, must sometimes be adjusted in response to changes in capacities, concentrations and loads in such a manner that a desired high quality is obtained in the grinding produce.
However, it has developed that the operating personnel do not al-ways manage to perform these adjustments rapidly enough. This can result in the opposing grinding discs or their segments coming into metallic contact due to stretching in the base frame and shafts caused by compressions, stresses, torsions and/or variations in temperature. This face-to-face contact between the discs or segments subjects them to wear, and, in serious cases, may cause total break-down in operation.
MAIN OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
One main object of the invention is to provide a device which will eliminate such a metallic contact.
Another object of the invention is to provide a highly sensi-tive device to measure rapidly the spacing between two grinding members so that the grinding space can be adjusted in a simple manner.
A further object of the invention is to provide an automatic adjustment of the spacing between the grinding members.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The new device is characterized mainly by an electric circuit which includes a voltage source which has one terminal connected to an electrically insulated element associated with the one of
This invention relates to a grinding apparatus for disinte-gration of material in the interspace between two grinding members mounted rotatably in relation to one another.
~ ore particularly this invention relates to a device for pre-venting metallic contact and for measuring and controlling the `spacing between said grinding members.
Still more particularly, this invention relates to a device for measuring and controlling by means of an electric circuit the spacing between two electrically conductive grinding members in a grinding apparatus of the type in which at least one of the members is rotated by a rotatable shaft and through motor means, '' ~ ' 1 ' ~
~ 41~0 such as a servomotor, exerts axial pressure on the material to be ground while it passes through the interspace between the grinding members, and in which at least one element associated with one of the grinding members is electrically insulated from all other parts of the grinding apparatus.
THE PRIOR ART
In known devices of the kind in consideration, the electric-ally insulated element associated with one of the grinding mem-bers is a grinding segment of a disc-shaped contour.
The spacing between the grinding discs in a grinding appar-atus, e.g., a refiner, must sometimes be adjusted in response to changes in capacities, concentrations and loads in such a manner that a desired high quality is obtained in the grinding produce.
However, it has developed that the operating personnel do not al-ways manage to perform these adjustments rapidly enough. This can result in the opposing grinding discs or their segments coming into metallic contact due to stretching in the base frame and shafts caused by compressions, stresses, torsions and/or variations in temperature. This face-to-face contact between the discs or segments subjects them to wear, and, in serious cases, may cause total break-down in operation.
MAIN OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
One main object of the invention is to provide a device which will eliminate such a metallic contact.
Another object of the invention is to provide a highly sensi-tive device to measure rapidly the spacing between two grinding members so that the grinding space can be adjusted in a simple manner.
A further object of the invention is to provide an automatic adjustment of the spacing between the grinding members.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The new device is characterized mainly by an electric circuit which includes a voltage source which has one terminal connected to an electrically insulated element associated with the one of
-2-10~40~0 the grinding members and the other terminal connected to another portion of the same grinding member, so that the circuit will be closed by the gap between the terminals being bridged either by direct contact between the two grinding members or by a conductive cell in the interspace between the two grinding members which bridges the gap between the mutually insulated elements to generate in the circuit a current which indicates the spacing between the grinding members.
It has proved that, by this arrangement, the distance to be measured, i. e., the flow distance of the current,is doubled com-pared with the distance to be measured in known devices of this type. This means that the sensitivity of the circuit to changes in the width of the interspace between the grinding members is in-creased considerably. The doubling of the measured distance is 15 largely due to the fact that the circuit current, because of the insignificant width of the interspace, even with the relatively thin insulation between the terminals, flows from the insulated element associated with one of the grinding members to the opposite grinding member and then to the other insulated element of the 20 first-mentioned grinding member. Furthermore, when utilizing the new device, both terminals of the voltage source can be connected to a stationary grinding member, and, thus, brushes, slip rings and other trouble-causing accessories may be eliminated.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view of a con-ventional disc refiner equipped with a device constructed ac-cording to the principles of the invention;
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the novel device together with parts of the refiner illustrated in Fig. 1. To improve clar-ity, some refiner portions are cut away;
Fig. 3 shows an electrically insulated portion of a grinding member.
DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
In the drawings, the novel device is shown in combination ~0~40;~0 with a grinding apparatus in the nature of a refiner 10 for treat-ing fibrous material such as wood chips or wood shavings. How-ever, it will be obvious to everybody skilled in the art that the invention can be applied to many similar fields of use.
Mounted in the base frame 12 of the apparatus 10 is a shaft 14 supported in two bearing housings 16 and 18. Said bearing hous-ings 16, 18 are arranged so that the shaft 14 is displaceable in axial direction. In this connection, reference is made to the U.S.
Patent Specification No. 3,212,721 for further details in addition to those disclosed herein and illustrated in the drawings. The shaft 14 carries a rotor 20 provided with a grinding disc 22. Both the rotor 20 and the grinding disc 22 are rotatable together with the shaft 14. A stationary grinding disc 24 is by means of bolt connection 34 rigidly secured to a casing 26 which is split hor-izontally above the shaft 14. Material to be ground is supplied to the apparatus 10 through a central channel 28 in the casing 26 and is fed into the interspace between the grinding discs 22, 24, where it is disintegrated. Provided in the base portion of the casing 26 is a discharge opening 30 for removal of the ground material.
In the shown embodiment, the stationary grinding disc 24, which is fixed to the casing 26 by means of said ~olt connection, is insulated electrically from the casing 26. By way of example, the insulation may consist of an insulating plate 32 inserted be-tween the rear side of the stationary grinding disc 24 and the casing 26. The plate 32 consists of some suitable insulating material which is not critical to the invention. For example, it has proved expedient to employ for this purpose a packing or gas-ket of plastic material of appropriate thickness. The bolts 34 which are used for fixing the stationary grinding disc 24 to the casing 26 are provided in the shown embodiment with insulation 36 of plastic material interposed between said bolts 34 and the cas-ing 26 The insulation 36 extends also radially below the bolt iO~40;~l) heads 38. By an arrangement of this kind, the entire stationary grinding disc 24 is insulated electrically from all other parts of the grinding apparatus 10. However, this is not absolutely neces-sary for realizing the basic objective of the invention. Accord-ing to the invention, one portion only of the grinding members has to be insulated electrically from the remainder of the grinding apparatus. In the embodiment illustrated in the drawing, this por-tion consists of a disc segment 40 of conventional construction formed with ridges and intervening grooves and provided along its radial short sides and along the inner edge facing the shaft 14 with an electrically insulating layer 42 of the same kind as the insulating plate 32. For elucidation, it may be mentioned that a grinding disc 24 of the kind in question usually is composed of twelve grinding disc segments. In order to obtain the required lS complete insulation of the grinding disc segment 40, it would be sufficient to replace the insulating plate 32 shown in the drawings by an insulating plate member which occupies a space only between the grinding disc segment 40 in question and the casing 26.
Mounted around the shaft 14 of the apparatus 10 is a hydraul-ic servomotor 44. The servomotor 44 comprises a casing or cylin-der 46, which may be made integral with the bearing casing 18, and a piston 48 which concentrically and loosely surrounds the shaft 14. The piston 48 has a central flange 50 which is axially movable within the cylinder 46.
Rigidly secured to the cylinder 46 of the servomotor 44 is a pilot valve 52. Disposed in said pilot valve 52 is a piston 54 which is formed with a central flange 56 and two lateral flanges 58 and 60. The pilot valve 52 is further formed with a central chamber 62 and two side chambers 64 and 66 which are laterally defined by recesses 76, 84 having an inner diameter which corres-ponds to the outer diameter of the flanges 56, 58, 60. The flange 56 has an axial length which is shorter than the longitudinal ex-tension of the chamber 62 by a very small fraction, such as one 10~4~
hundredth or a few hundredths of a millimeter. In the same man-ner, the flanges 58, 60 have an axial length which is only in-significantly less than that of the associated chambers 64 and 66, respectively. In their neutral position, all of the flanges 56, 58, 60 are alligned with their associated chambers 62, 64 and 66, respectively.
A pipe 68 connects the central chamber 62 in the pilot valve 52 with an oil sump 70 in which a pump (not shown) is housed. A
return pipe 72 connected to said pipe 68 is also connected to the sump 70 through a spring-loaded valve 74. From the recess 76 of the pilot valve 52, where its diameter is reduced to that of the flanges, extends a pipe 78 to a chamber 80 on one side of the flange 50 of the servomotor 44. A pipe 82 connects the recess 84 of the pilot valve 52 with a chamber 86 located on the opposite side of the flange 50. The lateral chambers 64, 66 are also con-nected to the sump 70 through return pipes 88 and 90, respectively.
A set screw 94 which is coaxial with the piston 54 of the pilot valve 52 is screwed into an arm 92 which is rigidly secured to servomotor piston 48, which set screw is adapted to abut against the projecting end of the piston. The other end of the piston 54 is subjected to pressure from a spring 96 in such a manner as to urge the valve piston 54 towards the set screw 94.
The setting of the set screw 94 is adjustable by means of a reversible electric motor 98, the shaft of which may either ex-ert direct driving force on the set screw 94 or is formed in-tegrally with the latter.
From the sump 70, oil of constant pressure is supplied through the pipe 68 to the central chamber 62 of the pilot valve 52. The piston 54 of the pilot valve 52 is kept by said spring action continuously forced against the set screw 94 and fol'ows the axial movements of the same. If now the pressure between the grinding discs 22, 24 should be increased by accumulation of raw material in the grinding interspace, and, consequently, the ro-tating grinding disc 22 together with the servomotor piston 48 ~ Y,4U'~) is displaced to the left, the set screw 94 will be forced to fol-low, since it is adjusted to a fixed position in the arm 92 which is connected to the piston 48. The pilot valve piston 54 follows the movement of the set screw 94, with the result that the oil pressure increases in the space 84 of the pilot valve 52 and, consequently, in the servomotor chamber 86, while the oil pressure in the servomotor chamber 80 is reduced correspondingly. Ac-cordingly, increased pressure acting on the servomotor piston 54 is built up in order to restore the interspace between the grind-ing discs 22, 24 to its original width. Normally, this interspace amounts to a few tenths of a millimeter only. Conversely, if the grinding discs 22, 24, due to insufficient feed of raw material, should tend to come nearer to one another, the servomotor piston 48 and the set screw 94 follow accordingly, and the pilot valve 52 will be displaced towards the right. Thus, pressure in the space 76 of the pilot valve 52 and in the servomotor chamber 80 will be increased, while pressure in the space 84 and the servo-motor chamber 86 will be decreased. Due to the fact that the dif-ference in axial dimension between the flanges 56, 58, 60 of the pilot valve piston 54 and the surrounding chambers 62, 64, 66 is very small, the piston 54 has to perform extremely small displace-ments in order to effect a change in the grinding pressure.
By changing the position of the set screw 94 relative to the arm 92, the pre-set interspace clearance between the grinding discs 22, 24 can be increased or reduced. This might have to be done in order to eliminate metallic contact between the discs 22, 24, due to stretching of the base frame and/or the shaft.
By conditioning the device according to the invention with the known grinding apparatus, it has become possible to measure the spacing between the two grinding discs 22, 24 very accurately.
The coupling of the measuring device intended for this purpose will be understood best from Fig. 2. In this figure, an arrow 100 indicates that the measuring device can be connected to other ~, 10~41)'~0 equipment controlled by the measuring system. The device con-sists essentially of an electric circuit 102, which in series com-prises a DC source 104~ a measuring instrument 106 indicating the spacing between the grinding discs 22, 24, the insulated grinding disc segment 40, the double interspace and the remainder of the grinding disc 24. Two separate branches 108, 110 of the circuit 102 are directly connected to the portions of the stationary grind-ing disc 24, which are electrically insulated from one another.
It is now possible to read directly on the measuring instrument coupled into the measuring circuit 102, which instrument suitably consists of an ammeter, the spacing between the grinding discs 22, 24, since water usually is present in the material to be ground located be~ween said grinding discs. Water is a bad electric conductor, and the result is that even extremely small fluctuations in the spacing will produce an amplified reading on the measuring instrument 106.
The electric motor 98 which drives the set screw 94 is con-nected electrically through a conductor 112 to the measuring in-strument 106 in such a manner that the reading or deflection on the measuring instrument 106 is usable for controlling the electric motor 98. With an arrangement of this kind, it is thus possible to obtain automatic adjustment of the spacing between the grind-ing discs 22, 24 to compensate for stretching and other distortion of the base frames and shafts, as well as of parts associated therewith.
In addition to indicating the spacing between the grinding discs 22, 24, the invention also provides an automatic safety de-vice which prevents damage to the grinding members and stoppage of the grinding operation due to metallic contact between the grinding discs 22, 24. It will be understood from the above de-scription that the circuit 102 is closed immediately upon direct metallic contact between the discs, in which event, the electric motor 98 is controlled by the measuring instrument 106 or some 10841~
other sui~able means, such as circuit breaker or the like, coupled into the circuit, so that the grinding discs 22, 24 im-mediately are separated from one another .
POSSIBLE MODIFICATION~
Although the invention has been described above as useful for avoiding contact, or measuring the spacing between the grind-ing discs in a refiner, it is obvious that the new device, as has already been indicated herein, is applicable also to other types of grinding apparatus, where the spacing between two grinding mem-ber~ rotatable relatively to one another is to be measured or me-tallic contact between such grinding members be prevented. The portion insulated electrically from the remainder of the grinding apparatus may, of course, comprise two or more grinding disc seg-ments.
The portion of the one grinding member which is electrically insulated from all other parts of the grinding apparatus may con-sist of a separated current conductor which extends through the grinding member to the grinding surface thereof.
While one more or less specific embodiment of the invention has been shown and described, it is to be understood that this is for the purpose of illustration only, and that the invention is not to be limited thereby but its scope is to be determined by the appended claims.
_g_ A;
It has proved that, by this arrangement, the distance to be measured, i. e., the flow distance of the current,is doubled com-pared with the distance to be measured in known devices of this type. This means that the sensitivity of the circuit to changes in the width of the interspace between the grinding members is in-creased considerably. The doubling of the measured distance is 15 largely due to the fact that the circuit current, because of the insignificant width of the interspace, even with the relatively thin insulation between the terminals, flows from the insulated element associated with one of the grinding members to the opposite grinding member and then to the other insulated element of the 20 first-mentioned grinding member. Furthermore, when utilizing the new device, both terminals of the voltage source can be connected to a stationary grinding member, and, thus, brushes, slip rings and other trouble-causing accessories may be eliminated.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view of a con-ventional disc refiner equipped with a device constructed ac-cording to the principles of the invention;
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the novel device together with parts of the refiner illustrated in Fig. 1. To improve clar-ity, some refiner portions are cut away;
Fig. 3 shows an electrically insulated portion of a grinding member.
DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
In the drawings, the novel device is shown in combination ~0~40;~0 with a grinding apparatus in the nature of a refiner 10 for treat-ing fibrous material such as wood chips or wood shavings. How-ever, it will be obvious to everybody skilled in the art that the invention can be applied to many similar fields of use.
Mounted in the base frame 12 of the apparatus 10 is a shaft 14 supported in two bearing housings 16 and 18. Said bearing hous-ings 16, 18 are arranged so that the shaft 14 is displaceable in axial direction. In this connection, reference is made to the U.S.
Patent Specification No. 3,212,721 for further details in addition to those disclosed herein and illustrated in the drawings. The shaft 14 carries a rotor 20 provided with a grinding disc 22. Both the rotor 20 and the grinding disc 22 are rotatable together with the shaft 14. A stationary grinding disc 24 is by means of bolt connection 34 rigidly secured to a casing 26 which is split hor-izontally above the shaft 14. Material to be ground is supplied to the apparatus 10 through a central channel 28 in the casing 26 and is fed into the interspace between the grinding discs 22, 24, where it is disintegrated. Provided in the base portion of the casing 26 is a discharge opening 30 for removal of the ground material.
In the shown embodiment, the stationary grinding disc 24, which is fixed to the casing 26 by means of said ~olt connection, is insulated electrically from the casing 26. By way of example, the insulation may consist of an insulating plate 32 inserted be-tween the rear side of the stationary grinding disc 24 and the casing 26. The plate 32 consists of some suitable insulating material which is not critical to the invention. For example, it has proved expedient to employ for this purpose a packing or gas-ket of plastic material of appropriate thickness. The bolts 34 which are used for fixing the stationary grinding disc 24 to the casing 26 are provided in the shown embodiment with insulation 36 of plastic material interposed between said bolts 34 and the cas-ing 26 The insulation 36 extends also radially below the bolt iO~40;~l) heads 38. By an arrangement of this kind, the entire stationary grinding disc 24 is insulated electrically from all other parts of the grinding apparatus 10. However, this is not absolutely neces-sary for realizing the basic objective of the invention. Accord-ing to the invention, one portion only of the grinding members has to be insulated electrically from the remainder of the grinding apparatus. In the embodiment illustrated in the drawing, this por-tion consists of a disc segment 40 of conventional construction formed with ridges and intervening grooves and provided along its radial short sides and along the inner edge facing the shaft 14 with an electrically insulating layer 42 of the same kind as the insulating plate 32. For elucidation, it may be mentioned that a grinding disc 24 of the kind in question usually is composed of twelve grinding disc segments. In order to obtain the required lS complete insulation of the grinding disc segment 40, it would be sufficient to replace the insulating plate 32 shown in the drawings by an insulating plate member which occupies a space only between the grinding disc segment 40 in question and the casing 26.
Mounted around the shaft 14 of the apparatus 10 is a hydraul-ic servomotor 44. The servomotor 44 comprises a casing or cylin-der 46, which may be made integral with the bearing casing 18, and a piston 48 which concentrically and loosely surrounds the shaft 14. The piston 48 has a central flange 50 which is axially movable within the cylinder 46.
Rigidly secured to the cylinder 46 of the servomotor 44 is a pilot valve 52. Disposed in said pilot valve 52 is a piston 54 which is formed with a central flange 56 and two lateral flanges 58 and 60. The pilot valve 52 is further formed with a central chamber 62 and two side chambers 64 and 66 which are laterally defined by recesses 76, 84 having an inner diameter which corres-ponds to the outer diameter of the flanges 56, 58, 60. The flange 56 has an axial length which is shorter than the longitudinal ex-tension of the chamber 62 by a very small fraction, such as one 10~4~
hundredth or a few hundredths of a millimeter. In the same man-ner, the flanges 58, 60 have an axial length which is only in-significantly less than that of the associated chambers 64 and 66, respectively. In their neutral position, all of the flanges 56, 58, 60 are alligned with their associated chambers 62, 64 and 66, respectively.
A pipe 68 connects the central chamber 62 in the pilot valve 52 with an oil sump 70 in which a pump (not shown) is housed. A
return pipe 72 connected to said pipe 68 is also connected to the sump 70 through a spring-loaded valve 74. From the recess 76 of the pilot valve 52, where its diameter is reduced to that of the flanges, extends a pipe 78 to a chamber 80 on one side of the flange 50 of the servomotor 44. A pipe 82 connects the recess 84 of the pilot valve 52 with a chamber 86 located on the opposite side of the flange 50. The lateral chambers 64, 66 are also con-nected to the sump 70 through return pipes 88 and 90, respectively.
A set screw 94 which is coaxial with the piston 54 of the pilot valve 52 is screwed into an arm 92 which is rigidly secured to servomotor piston 48, which set screw is adapted to abut against the projecting end of the piston. The other end of the piston 54 is subjected to pressure from a spring 96 in such a manner as to urge the valve piston 54 towards the set screw 94.
The setting of the set screw 94 is adjustable by means of a reversible electric motor 98, the shaft of which may either ex-ert direct driving force on the set screw 94 or is formed in-tegrally with the latter.
From the sump 70, oil of constant pressure is supplied through the pipe 68 to the central chamber 62 of the pilot valve 52. The piston 54 of the pilot valve 52 is kept by said spring action continuously forced against the set screw 94 and fol'ows the axial movements of the same. If now the pressure between the grinding discs 22, 24 should be increased by accumulation of raw material in the grinding interspace, and, consequently, the ro-tating grinding disc 22 together with the servomotor piston 48 ~ Y,4U'~) is displaced to the left, the set screw 94 will be forced to fol-low, since it is adjusted to a fixed position in the arm 92 which is connected to the piston 48. The pilot valve piston 54 follows the movement of the set screw 94, with the result that the oil pressure increases in the space 84 of the pilot valve 52 and, consequently, in the servomotor chamber 86, while the oil pressure in the servomotor chamber 80 is reduced correspondingly. Ac-cordingly, increased pressure acting on the servomotor piston 54 is built up in order to restore the interspace between the grind-ing discs 22, 24 to its original width. Normally, this interspace amounts to a few tenths of a millimeter only. Conversely, if the grinding discs 22, 24, due to insufficient feed of raw material, should tend to come nearer to one another, the servomotor piston 48 and the set screw 94 follow accordingly, and the pilot valve 52 will be displaced towards the right. Thus, pressure in the space 76 of the pilot valve 52 and in the servomotor chamber 80 will be increased, while pressure in the space 84 and the servo-motor chamber 86 will be decreased. Due to the fact that the dif-ference in axial dimension between the flanges 56, 58, 60 of the pilot valve piston 54 and the surrounding chambers 62, 64, 66 is very small, the piston 54 has to perform extremely small displace-ments in order to effect a change in the grinding pressure.
By changing the position of the set screw 94 relative to the arm 92, the pre-set interspace clearance between the grinding discs 22, 24 can be increased or reduced. This might have to be done in order to eliminate metallic contact between the discs 22, 24, due to stretching of the base frame and/or the shaft.
By conditioning the device according to the invention with the known grinding apparatus, it has become possible to measure the spacing between the two grinding discs 22, 24 very accurately.
The coupling of the measuring device intended for this purpose will be understood best from Fig. 2. In this figure, an arrow 100 indicates that the measuring device can be connected to other ~, 10~41)'~0 equipment controlled by the measuring system. The device con-sists essentially of an electric circuit 102, which in series com-prises a DC source 104~ a measuring instrument 106 indicating the spacing between the grinding discs 22, 24, the insulated grinding disc segment 40, the double interspace and the remainder of the grinding disc 24. Two separate branches 108, 110 of the circuit 102 are directly connected to the portions of the stationary grind-ing disc 24, which are electrically insulated from one another.
It is now possible to read directly on the measuring instrument coupled into the measuring circuit 102, which instrument suitably consists of an ammeter, the spacing between the grinding discs 22, 24, since water usually is present in the material to be ground located be~ween said grinding discs. Water is a bad electric conductor, and the result is that even extremely small fluctuations in the spacing will produce an amplified reading on the measuring instrument 106.
The electric motor 98 which drives the set screw 94 is con-nected electrically through a conductor 112 to the measuring in-strument 106 in such a manner that the reading or deflection on the measuring instrument 106 is usable for controlling the electric motor 98. With an arrangement of this kind, it is thus possible to obtain automatic adjustment of the spacing between the grind-ing discs 22, 24 to compensate for stretching and other distortion of the base frames and shafts, as well as of parts associated therewith.
In addition to indicating the spacing between the grinding discs 22, 24, the invention also provides an automatic safety de-vice which prevents damage to the grinding members and stoppage of the grinding operation due to metallic contact between the grinding discs 22, 24. It will be understood from the above de-scription that the circuit 102 is closed immediately upon direct metallic contact between the discs, in which event, the electric motor 98 is controlled by the measuring instrument 106 or some 10841~
other sui~able means, such as circuit breaker or the like, coupled into the circuit, so that the grinding discs 22, 24 im-mediately are separated from one another .
POSSIBLE MODIFICATION~
Although the invention has been described above as useful for avoiding contact, or measuring the spacing between the grind-ing discs in a refiner, it is obvious that the new device, as has already been indicated herein, is applicable also to other types of grinding apparatus, where the spacing between two grinding mem-ber~ rotatable relatively to one another is to be measured or me-tallic contact between such grinding members be prevented. The portion insulated electrically from the remainder of the grinding apparatus may, of course, comprise two or more grinding disc seg-ments.
The portion of the one grinding member which is electrically insulated from all other parts of the grinding apparatus may con-sist of a separated current conductor which extends through the grinding member to the grinding surface thereof.
While one more or less specific embodiment of the invention has been shown and described, it is to be understood that this is for the purpose of illustration only, and that the invention is not to be limited thereby but its scope is to be determined by the appended claims.
_g_ A;
Claims (7)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED, ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A system for measuring and regulating the interspace be-tween a pair of relatively rotating metallic grinding discs in grinding apparatus for grinding fibrous cellulosic material, com-prising:
a) an electric circuit having its terminals connected to one of said grinding discs at portions electrically insulated from one another;
b) conductive cell in said interspace bridging the ter-minals and having a resistance which varies in accordance with variations in the width of the interspace to thereby produce a fluctuating current; and c) means in said circuit responsive to said current for measuring the width of said interspace.
a) an electric circuit having its terminals connected to one of said grinding discs at portions electrically insulated from one another;
b) conductive cell in said interspace bridging the ter-minals and having a resistance which varies in accordance with variations in the width of the interspace to thereby produce a fluctuating current; and c) means in said circuit responsive to said current for measuring the width of said interspace.
2. A system according to Claim 1, in which the fibrous cellulosic material comprises moisture-containing wood chips and the conductive cell comprises moisture resulting from the grind-ing process.
3. A system according to Claim 1, in which the grinding discs comprise at least two segments electrically insulated from one another and the terminals are connected to separate segments.
4. A system according to Claim 1, in which one of the grind-ing discs is stationary while the other one rotates, and the cir-cuit is connected to the stationary disc.
5. A system according to Claim 1, in which the interspace measuring means comprise an ammeter in which the current deflec-tion indicator is calibrated to measure the width of the inter-space.
6. A system according to Claim 4, in which the rotating disc is supported on a shaft which is reciprocated axially by servo-motor means actuated by said interspace measuring means in re-sponse to current fluctuations to maintain said interspace at a predetermined width.
7. A system according to Claim 6, in which the electric cir-cuit includes circuit-breaking means for interrupting grinding operations upon metallic contact between the discs.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE7503967-7 | 1975-04-07 | ||
| SE7503967A SE395372B (en) | 1975-04-07 | 1975-04-07 | DEVICE FOR DETERMINING AND REGULATING THE DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE PAINTING ORGANES IN A MOLDING APPLIANCE BY AN ELECTRIC CIRCUIT |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1084020A true CA1084020A (en) | 1980-08-19 |
Family
ID=20324192
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA249,632A Expired CA1084020A (en) | 1975-04-07 | 1976-04-06 | Device for preventing metallic contact, and for determining and controlling the spacing between grinding members |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5848219B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7602090A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1084020A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2612065C2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2306740A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1507015A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE395372B (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4472241A (en) * | 1983-06-15 | 1984-09-18 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Co-refining of aramid fibrids and floc |
| JP4638477B2 (en) * | 2004-02-27 | 2011-02-23 | ダプロックス アクチボラゲット | Method and apparatus for measuring fiber concentration |
| US8044319B2 (en) | 2005-02-07 | 2011-10-25 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Variable arc gap plasma igniter |
| AT513497B1 (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2014-05-15 | Andritz Ag Maschf | Sensor for wear on a work surface |
| CN110280342A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-09-27 | 王锡山 | A kind of frictional diatomaceous earth block breaking device |
| CN110681443B (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2023-10-03 | 怀化常青食品有限公司 | Grinding wheel gap adjusting device of pulping machine |
| WO2022069433A1 (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2022-04-07 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Controlling the treatment of fibrous material |
| CN115284167A (en) * | 2022-06-13 | 2022-11-04 | 哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司 | Bearing box base frame grinding nonstandard equipment and using method thereof |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2548599A (en) * | 1948-11-02 | 1951-04-10 | Gen Electric | Clearance control |
| FR1337995A (en) * | 1962-09-21 | 1963-09-20 | Defibrator Ab | Grinding apparatus for treating fibrous material |
| US3434670A (en) * | 1966-07-07 | 1969-03-25 | Pulp Paper Res Inst | Apparatus for measuring out of tram and plate separation of disc refiners |
| DE1507478A1 (en) * | 1966-08-09 | 1969-07-10 | Bauer Bros Co | Disk mill for pulp |
-
1975
- 1975-04-07 SE SE7503967A patent/SE395372B/en unknown
-
1976
- 1976-03-22 DE DE2612065A patent/DE2612065C2/en not_active Expired
- 1976-03-30 GB GB12750/76A patent/GB1507015A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-04-06 CA CA249,632A patent/CA1084020A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-04-06 BR BR7602090A patent/BR7602090A/en unknown
- 1976-04-06 FR FR7609950A patent/FR2306740A1/en active Granted
- 1976-04-07 JP JP51038314A patent/JPS5848219B2/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2306740A1 (en) | 1976-11-05 |
| SE395372B (en) | 1977-08-15 |
| BR7602090A (en) | 1976-10-05 |
| SE7503967L (en) | 1976-10-08 |
| DE2612065C2 (en) | 1982-04-29 |
| JPS51123953A (en) | 1976-10-29 |
| JPS5848219B2 (en) | 1983-10-27 |
| GB1507015A (en) | 1978-04-12 |
| FR2306740B1 (en) | 1982-04-23 |
| DE2612065A1 (en) | 1976-10-28 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |