CA1079041A - Method for the hydraulically pressure-tight mounting of tubes in bores of tube endplates - Google Patents
Method for the hydraulically pressure-tight mounting of tubes in bores of tube endplatesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1079041A CA1079041A CA272,889A CA272889A CA1079041A CA 1079041 A CA1079041 A CA 1079041A CA 272889 A CA272889 A CA 272889A CA 1079041 A CA1079041 A CA 1079041A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- tube
- probe
- multiplier
- pressure side
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D313/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings of more than six members having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D313/02—Seven-membered rings
- C07D313/06—Seven-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D313/10—Seven-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems condensed with two six-membered rings
- C07D313/12—[b,e]-condensed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D39/00—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders
- B21D39/06—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders of tubes in openings, e.g. rolling-in
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D39/00—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders
- B21D39/08—Tube expanders
- B21D39/20—Tube expanders with mandrels, e.g. expandable
- B21D39/203—Tube expanders with mandrels, e.g. expandable expandable by fluid or elastic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
- B21D53/02—Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
- F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
- F28F9/16—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure An apparatus for the pressure-tight hydraulic securing of tubes in the bores of tube endplates, particularly in the case of heat exchangers. The apparatus comprises a cylindrical probe which in the securing process is inserted into a tube to be secured, leaving an expansion space which is sealed at the ends and into which a hydraulic pressure medium is introduced through a channel in the probe, while at each end of the expan-sion space a groove extends around the outer wall of the probe and contains a sealing ring of an elastic material of high strength, while the probe, axially outside the expansion space defined by the sealing rings, has cylindrical sections, charac-terized in that the probe channel is connected to the high pressure side of a pressure multiplier and a hydraulic pump is provided together with means for connecting the hydraulic pump to the low pressure side of the pressure multiplier.
Description
~079C~1 The invention relates to an apparatus for the pressure-tight hydraulic securing of tubes in the bores of tube endplates, more particularly in the case of heat exchangers in which the tubes are inserted with clearance into the bores, are subsequent-ly expanded by hydraulic pressure means and are pressed against the wall of the bore.
m e method of mechanical roll expansion of tubes has been employed for a long time for the mounting of tubes in the bores of tube endplates for heat exchangers. In the construc-tion of heat exchangers, as well as other similarly related equipment, the connection between tube and tube endplate repre-sents a manufacturing process of great significance in the area of safety and process technology. Generally, the requirements on the safety and service life of such a tube mounting have substan-tially increased in recent years, particularly in view of the use of heat exchangers in nuclear power plants. These increased quality requirements cannot be adequately met by utilizing the method of mechanical roll expansion, quite apart from the fact that the roll expansion process is relatively time-consuming.
According to another known method for mounting tubes in bores, the tube is expanded by the use of hydraulic pressure means and is pressed against the wall of the bore, the material ~ -of the tube endplate surrounding the wall being also partially deformed. Apparatus by means of which tubes can be mounted in bores by hydraulic expansion is disclosed in the German Offenlegungsschrift 24 00 148.
m e method of hydraulic expansion of tubes is superior -to mechanical rolling both in terms of handling and efficiency.
However, as regards the reliability of sealing-tightness under all operating conditions which can be expected, the results of hydraulic expansion methods disclosed hitherto have not yet been satisfactory.
B
. ~ .. , . . .~ . ~ -1~79041 The present invention proposes to develop the known process of the pressure-tight mounting of tubes in bores by hydraulic expansion so that desired stressing of the tube in the bore, i.e., a pre-definable adhesion pressure, can be achieved with due reference to the materials and the geometrical dimen-sions. The adhesion pressure in this case is a measure of the force by means of which the tube is retained in the tube end-plate against axial withdrawal from the bore.
According to the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for the pressure-tight hydraulic securing of tubes in tube endplates, particularly for heat exchangers, comprising a cylindrical probe which in the securing process is inserted into a tube to be secured, leaving an expansion space which is sealed at the ends and into which a hydraulic pressure medium is introduced through a channel in the probe, while at each end of the expansion space a groove extends around the outer wall of the probe and contains a sealing ring of an elastic material of high strength, while the probe, axially outside the expansion space defined by the sealing rings, has cylindrical sections, 20 characterized in that the probe channel is connected to the high pressure side of a pressure multiplier and a hydraulic pump is provided together with means for connecting the hydraulic pump to the low pressure side of the pressure multiplier. This apparatus enables the pressure of the hydraulic pressure medium to be increased until it is above the "limiting pressure" as hereinafter defined, so that there is plastic deformation of the tube after pressure relief, the diameter of the tube is larger than in the initial state, and therefore a permanent cramping of the tube is produced by the wall of the bore.
An embodiment of the invention comprises a control valve ~or the pressure medium, the control valve having three operating positions, viz. for filing, expanding and relief, by ~ .
D
1~790~1 means of which the pump can be connected with the low pressure side or with the high pressure side of the pressure multiplier, or the high pressure side of the multiplier can be connected to a storage vessel. Preferably, a relief valve which can be set to a certain preselected pressure valve is connected to the low pressure side of the pressure multiplier.
In a preferred method of using the apparatus of the invention, the pressure of the hydraulic pressure medium is continuously increased. It is necessary to increase the expan-sion pressure beyond a pre-defined "limiting pressure" to achieve a reliable mounting of the tube so that the tube is subjected to a residual stressing force in the bore after the expansion pro-cess. The said "limiting pressure" is defined as the pressure at which the unobstructed resilient recovery of bore and tube are of equal magnitude, i.e., their difference is equal to zero. The physical conditions will be explained hereinbelow.
An important advantage of this method is that the required expansion pressure can be accurately adjusted on the basis of the measurable working pressure of the liquid pressure medium so that a high degree of accuracy can be achieved in obtaining the desired stressing of the tube. The accurately measurable working pressure also ensures a high degree of uniformity for the plurality of repeated tube mountings in a single tube endplate. Furthermore, when using the apparatus according to the invention, the expansion zones can be accurately defined. In this way, it is possible to reliably avoid a gap between the tube and the tube endplate, even at the end of the bore on the inside of the tube endplate. The expansion zone in this case is located to the edge of the bore. Hitherto it was not possible to perform roll expansion to the edge region without endangering the tubes. However, it is known that any gaps in the tube mounting are the causes of nests of corrosion.
B :-`
: : `
10~7~C~41 One embodiment of the invention is described herein-below by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of one embodiment of the apparatus for the hydraulic expansion of tubes by means of a probe; and Figure 2 is a diagram showing the characteristic of deformation of the tube and endplate during the expansion process.
The apparatus for hydraulic expansion of tubes illus-trated in Figure 1 comprises a probe 1, a pump 2, a pressurebooster or multiplier 3, a pressure measuring apparatus 4, a relief valve 5, a storage vessel 6 for pressure fluid, and a control valve 7.
The tube 8 which is to be expanded is inserted into a bore of a tube endplate 9. The probe 1 contains a cylindrical mandrel on which two ring seals 10 are supported in circumfer-ential grooves and seal the ends of an annular expanding space situated between them.
The method of operation of the expanding device is as follows:
Prior to the beginning of the expansion operation, the secondary region is filled with fluid and the stepped piston of the multiplier 3 is thrust into the starting position illus-trated in the drawing. This state is achieved by moving the - 3a -B
control valve 7 into the "fill" position. The control valve is subsequently moved to the "expanding" position. The pressure produced by the high pressure pump 2 acts on the large cross-sectional surface area of the stepped piston associated with the multiplier 3 so that, in accordance with the cross-sectional ratio of the stepped piston, a correspondingly high pressure is produced in the secondary region. The working pressure in the secondary region is monitored by means of the pressure measuring apparatus 4 in the primary region. The primary pressure is limi-ted by the relief valve 5. As soon as the desired maximum pressure is reached, the fluid is discharged via the relief valve from the primary region into the storage vessel 6, On completion of the expanding operation the control valve is moved into the "relief" position. The probe 1 can then be withdrawn from the expanded tube 8 without difficulty.
Figure 2 shows the deformation characteristics of the tube 8 and the tube endplate 9 during the expanding operation.
In the region a the tube 8 is resiliently stressed to the yield limit with the constantly rising pressure of the pressure medium.
In the region _ the tube 8 flows until it has bridged the gap between the external wall of the tube and the wall of the bore.
This procedure takes place without any substantial increase of pressure of the pressure medium. In region c,the bore wall in the tube endplate 9 is elastically deformed and the tube 8 is simultaneously subjected to further plastic deformation.
The final pressure is calculated and adjusted on the relief valve 5 with due reference to the materials, the geometry of the tube 8, and the tube endplate 9, and with reference to the desired adhesion pressure.
The distances a and c which are plotted in Figure 2 on the radial coordinate are a measure of the elastic deformation of the tube and of the tube endplate. They also represent the 10`79~4~
unobstructed elastic recovery of these two components. As can be seen by reference to the graph, the distance c is greater than the distance a, i.e. the difference of the unobstructed elastic recovery of the endplate bore and of the tube is positive.
The expanding pressure at which the unobstructed elas-tic recoveries of the endplate bore and the tube are of equal magnitude, i.e. c' - a = o, is referred to as the limiting pres-sure. When the working pressure reaches the said limiting value during the expanding operation, the tube will bear upon the wall of the bore after pressure is relieved but there will be practically no clamping action and therefore no adhesion pressure. It will therefore be recognized that in order to achieve a firm tube connection, it is necessaty to increase the working pressure during the expanding operation beyond the above mentioned limiting pressure.
Numerical Example:
External tube diameter 22 mm Tube wall thickness 2.9 mm Tube material Incoloy 800 Tube endplate material 22 NiMoCr 37 Triangular pitch 30 mm results obtained:
Yield pressure of the tube 1995 bar Limiting pressure 3106 bar Final pressure 4700 bar Adhesion pressure, calculated 728 bar .
m e method of mechanical roll expansion of tubes has been employed for a long time for the mounting of tubes in the bores of tube endplates for heat exchangers. In the construc-tion of heat exchangers, as well as other similarly related equipment, the connection between tube and tube endplate repre-sents a manufacturing process of great significance in the area of safety and process technology. Generally, the requirements on the safety and service life of such a tube mounting have substan-tially increased in recent years, particularly in view of the use of heat exchangers in nuclear power plants. These increased quality requirements cannot be adequately met by utilizing the method of mechanical roll expansion, quite apart from the fact that the roll expansion process is relatively time-consuming.
According to another known method for mounting tubes in bores, the tube is expanded by the use of hydraulic pressure means and is pressed against the wall of the bore, the material ~ -of the tube endplate surrounding the wall being also partially deformed. Apparatus by means of which tubes can be mounted in bores by hydraulic expansion is disclosed in the German Offenlegungsschrift 24 00 148.
m e method of hydraulic expansion of tubes is superior -to mechanical rolling both in terms of handling and efficiency.
However, as regards the reliability of sealing-tightness under all operating conditions which can be expected, the results of hydraulic expansion methods disclosed hitherto have not yet been satisfactory.
B
. ~ .. , . . .~ . ~ -1~79041 The present invention proposes to develop the known process of the pressure-tight mounting of tubes in bores by hydraulic expansion so that desired stressing of the tube in the bore, i.e., a pre-definable adhesion pressure, can be achieved with due reference to the materials and the geometrical dimen-sions. The adhesion pressure in this case is a measure of the force by means of which the tube is retained in the tube end-plate against axial withdrawal from the bore.
According to the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for the pressure-tight hydraulic securing of tubes in tube endplates, particularly for heat exchangers, comprising a cylindrical probe which in the securing process is inserted into a tube to be secured, leaving an expansion space which is sealed at the ends and into which a hydraulic pressure medium is introduced through a channel in the probe, while at each end of the expansion space a groove extends around the outer wall of the probe and contains a sealing ring of an elastic material of high strength, while the probe, axially outside the expansion space defined by the sealing rings, has cylindrical sections, 20 characterized in that the probe channel is connected to the high pressure side of a pressure multiplier and a hydraulic pump is provided together with means for connecting the hydraulic pump to the low pressure side of the pressure multiplier. This apparatus enables the pressure of the hydraulic pressure medium to be increased until it is above the "limiting pressure" as hereinafter defined, so that there is plastic deformation of the tube after pressure relief, the diameter of the tube is larger than in the initial state, and therefore a permanent cramping of the tube is produced by the wall of the bore.
An embodiment of the invention comprises a control valve ~or the pressure medium, the control valve having three operating positions, viz. for filing, expanding and relief, by ~ .
D
1~790~1 means of which the pump can be connected with the low pressure side or with the high pressure side of the pressure multiplier, or the high pressure side of the multiplier can be connected to a storage vessel. Preferably, a relief valve which can be set to a certain preselected pressure valve is connected to the low pressure side of the pressure multiplier.
In a preferred method of using the apparatus of the invention, the pressure of the hydraulic pressure medium is continuously increased. It is necessary to increase the expan-sion pressure beyond a pre-defined "limiting pressure" to achieve a reliable mounting of the tube so that the tube is subjected to a residual stressing force in the bore after the expansion pro-cess. The said "limiting pressure" is defined as the pressure at which the unobstructed resilient recovery of bore and tube are of equal magnitude, i.e., their difference is equal to zero. The physical conditions will be explained hereinbelow.
An important advantage of this method is that the required expansion pressure can be accurately adjusted on the basis of the measurable working pressure of the liquid pressure medium so that a high degree of accuracy can be achieved in obtaining the desired stressing of the tube. The accurately measurable working pressure also ensures a high degree of uniformity for the plurality of repeated tube mountings in a single tube endplate. Furthermore, when using the apparatus according to the invention, the expansion zones can be accurately defined. In this way, it is possible to reliably avoid a gap between the tube and the tube endplate, even at the end of the bore on the inside of the tube endplate. The expansion zone in this case is located to the edge of the bore. Hitherto it was not possible to perform roll expansion to the edge region without endangering the tubes. However, it is known that any gaps in the tube mounting are the causes of nests of corrosion.
B :-`
: : `
10~7~C~41 One embodiment of the invention is described herein-below by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of one embodiment of the apparatus for the hydraulic expansion of tubes by means of a probe; and Figure 2 is a diagram showing the characteristic of deformation of the tube and endplate during the expansion process.
The apparatus for hydraulic expansion of tubes illus-trated in Figure 1 comprises a probe 1, a pump 2, a pressurebooster or multiplier 3, a pressure measuring apparatus 4, a relief valve 5, a storage vessel 6 for pressure fluid, and a control valve 7.
The tube 8 which is to be expanded is inserted into a bore of a tube endplate 9. The probe 1 contains a cylindrical mandrel on which two ring seals 10 are supported in circumfer-ential grooves and seal the ends of an annular expanding space situated between them.
The method of operation of the expanding device is as follows:
Prior to the beginning of the expansion operation, the secondary region is filled with fluid and the stepped piston of the multiplier 3 is thrust into the starting position illus-trated in the drawing. This state is achieved by moving the - 3a -B
control valve 7 into the "fill" position. The control valve is subsequently moved to the "expanding" position. The pressure produced by the high pressure pump 2 acts on the large cross-sectional surface area of the stepped piston associated with the multiplier 3 so that, in accordance with the cross-sectional ratio of the stepped piston, a correspondingly high pressure is produced in the secondary region. The working pressure in the secondary region is monitored by means of the pressure measuring apparatus 4 in the primary region. The primary pressure is limi-ted by the relief valve 5. As soon as the desired maximum pressure is reached, the fluid is discharged via the relief valve from the primary region into the storage vessel 6, On completion of the expanding operation the control valve is moved into the "relief" position. The probe 1 can then be withdrawn from the expanded tube 8 without difficulty.
Figure 2 shows the deformation characteristics of the tube 8 and the tube endplate 9 during the expanding operation.
In the region a the tube 8 is resiliently stressed to the yield limit with the constantly rising pressure of the pressure medium.
In the region _ the tube 8 flows until it has bridged the gap between the external wall of the tube and the wall of the bore.
This procedure takes place without any substantial increase of pressure of the pressure medium. In region c,the bore wall in the tube endplate 9 is elastically deformed and the tube 8 is simultaneously subjected to further plastic deformation.
The final pressure is calculated and adjusted on the relief valve 5 with due reference to the materials, the geometry of the tube 8, and the tube endplate 9, and with reference to the desired adhesion pressure.
The distances a and c which are plotted in Figure 2 on the radial coordinate are a measure of the elastic deformation of the tube and of the tube endplate. They also represent the 10`79~4~
unobstructed elastic recovery of these two components. As can be seen by reference to the graph, the distance c is greater than the distance a, i.e. the difference of the unobstructed elastic recovery of the endplate bore and of the tube is positive.
The expanding pressure at which the unobstructed elas-tic recoveries of the endplate bore and the tube are of equal magnitude, i.e. c' - a = o, is referred to as the limiting pres-sure. When the working pressure reaches the said limiting value during the expanding operation, the tube will bear upon the wall of the bore after pressure is relieved but there will be practically no clamping action and therefore no adhesion pressure. It will therefore be recognized that in order to achieve a firm tube connection, it is necessaty to increase the working pressure during the expanding operation beyond the above mentioned limiting pressure.
Numerical Example:
External tube diameter 22 mm Tube wall thickness 2.9 mm Tube material Incoloy 800 Tube endplate material 22 NiMoCr 37 Triangular pitch 30 mm results obtained:
Yield pressure of the tube 1995 bar Limiting pressure 3106 bar Final pressure 4700 bar Adhesion pressure, calculated 728 bar .
Claims (3)
1. Apparatus for the pressure-tight hydraulic securing of tubes in tube endplates, particularly for heat exchangers, comprising a cylindrical probe which in the securing process is inserted into a tube to be secured, leaving an expansion space which is sealed at the ends and into which a hydraulic pressure medium is introduced through a channel in the probe, while at each end of the expansion space a groove extends around the outer wall of the probe and contains a sealing ring of an elastic material of high strength, while the probe, axially outside the expansion space defined by the sealing rings, has cylindrical sections, characterized in that the probe channel is connected to the high pressure side of a pressure multiplier and a hydrau-lic pump is provided together with means for connecting the hydraulic pump to the low pressure side of the pressure multiplier.
2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said means for connecting the hydraulic pump to the low pressure side of the pressure multiplier, comprises a control valve for the pressure medium, the control valve having three operating positions: for filling, expanding and relief, by means of which the pump can be connected with the low pressure side or with the high pressure side of the pressure multiplier, or the high pressure side of the multiplier can be connected to a storage vessel.
3. Apparatus as claimed in claims 1 or 2, wherein a relief valve which can be set to a certain preselected pressure value is connected to the low pressure side of the pressure multiplier.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2622753A DE2622753C3 (en) | 1976-05-21 | 1976-05-21 | Device for pressure-tight fastening of pipes in the bores of pipe disks |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1079041A true CA1079041A (en) | 1980-06-10 |
Family
ID=5978643
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA272,889A Expired CA1079041A (en) | 1976-05-21 | 1977-03-01 | Method for the hydraulically pressure-tight mounting of tubes in bores of tube endplates |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS52142356A (en) |
| AT (2) | AT351901B (en) |
| BE (1) | BE854788A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7702353A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1079041A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH615369A5 (en) |
| CS (1) | CS194793B2 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2622753C3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2351726A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1543524A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1076425B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7702798A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE424827B (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA77960B (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5530376A (en) * | 1978-08-28 | 1980-03-04 | Hitachi Ltd | Method and apparatus for expanding pipe |
| US4445261A (en) * | 1980-07-28 | 1984-05-01 | Haskel, Incorporated | Method for installing tubes in a tube sheet |
| DE3105735C2 (en) * | 1981-02-17 | 1983-05-26 | Wilfried 4630 Bochum Busse | System for pressure-tight fastening of a pipe in a pipe sheet with the aid of a hydraulic fluid |
| US4407150A (en) * | 1981-06-08 | 1983-10-04 | Haskel Engineering & Supply Company | Apparatus for supplying and controlling hydraulic swaging pressure |
| US4470280A (en) * | 1983-05-16 | 1984-09-11 | Haskel, Inc. | Swaging apparatus with timed pre-fill |
| US5101554A (en) * | 1986-10-01 | 1992-04-07 | Emitec Gesellschaft Fur Emissionstechnologie Mbh | Process for producing an assembled camshaft as well as assembled camshaft consisting of a shaft tube and slid-on elements |
| DE3633435A1 (en) * | 1986-10-01 | 1988-04-14 | Uni Cardan Ag | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A BUILT-IN CAMSHAFT, AND BUILT-IN CAMSHAFT FROM A SHAFT TUBE AND SLIDE-ON ELEMENTS |
| DE3943262A1 (en) * | 1989-12-29 | 1991-07-11 | Balcke Duerr Ag | METHOD FOR INCREASING LIABILITY BETWEEN A HOLLOW SHAFT AND ITS FASTENED PARTS |
| DE19929957B4 (en) * | 1999-06-29 | 2010-12-30 | Daimler Ag | Joint connection and a method for producing the same, as well as steering column of motor vehicles |
| CZ301143B6 (en) * | 2005-03-10 | 2009-11-18 | Koropecký@Igor | Method of obtaining concentrated glycerol and mixtures of higher fatty acids from glycerin phase formed during manufacture of biodiesel |
| CN109013864A (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2018-12-18 | 河南均美铝业有限公司 | A kind of aluminium alloy stamping modular mold |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE482191C (en) * | 1929-09-09 | Babcock & Wilcox Dampfkessel W | Method for fastening pipes in container walls | |
| US2460580A (en) * | 1942-03-31 | 1949-02-01 | Sulzer Ag | Method and device for fixing and sealing tubes in a partition wall by use of fluid pressure |
| FR1143758A (en) * | 1956-02-15 | 1957-10-04 | Perfectionnement Du Materiel D | Method for expanding thin tubes of aircraft radiators or the like |
-
1976
- 1976-05-21 DE DE2622753A patent/DE2622753C3/en not_active Expired
-
1977
- 1977-02-17 ZA ZA770960A patent/ZA77960B/en unknown
- 1977-02-23 GB GB7537/77A patent/GB1543524A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-02-24 JP JP1878577A patent/JPS52142356A/en active Pending
- 1977-03-01 CA CA272,889A patent/CA1079041A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-03-04 CS CS771479A patent/CS194793B2/en unknown
- 1977-03-08 CH CH291377A patent/CH615369A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-03-15 NL NL7702798A patent/NL7702798A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-03-24 FR FR7708784A patent/FR2351726A1/en active Granted
- 1977-04-08 IT IT22303/77A patent/IT1076425B/en active
- 1977-04-14 BR BR7702353A patent/BR7702353A/en unknown
- 1977-04-20 SE SE7704539A patent/SE424827B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-05-18 BE BE177697A patent/BE854788A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-05-20 AT AT363477A patent/AT351901B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-06-02 AT AT0392977A patent/AT363477B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2622753B2 (en) | 1979-07-12 |
| FR2351726B1 (en) | 1982-04-23 |
| BE854788A (en) | 1977-09-16 |
| AT363477B (en) | 1979-01-15 |
| SE7704539L (en) | 1977-11-22 |
| DE2622753C3 (en) | 1980-03-20 |
| JPS52142356A (en) | 1977-11-28 |
| AT351901B (en) | 1979-08-27 |
| FR2351726A1 (en) | 1977-12-16 |
| ATA363477A (en) | 1979-01-15 |
| CH615369A5 (en) | 1980-01-31 |
| ATA392977A (en) | 1981-01-15 |
| ZA77960B (en) | 1977-12-28 |
| SE424827B (en) | 1982-08-16 |
| BR7702353A (en) | 1978-05-09 |
| DE2622753A1 (en) | 1977-12-01 |
| CS194793B2 (en) | 1979-12-31 |
| GB1543524A (en) | 1979-04-04 |
| NL7702798A (en) | 1977-11-23 |
| IT1076425B (en) | 1985-04-27 |
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