CA1078850A - Diphenylpyrazolium salts as herbicides and fungicides - Google Patents
Diphenylpyrazolium salts as herbicides and fungicidesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1078850A CA1078850A CA250,620A CA250620A CA1078850A CA 1078850 A CA1078850 A CA 1078850A CA 250620 A CA250620 A CA 250620A CA 1078850 A CA1078850 A CA 1078850A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- dimethyl
- diphenyl
- compound
- diphenylpyrazolium
- perchlorate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 title description 8
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 title description 2
- LQUBXCVRJZGBLM-UHFFFAOYSA-O 2,5-diphenyl-1h-pyrazol-2-ium Chemical class C1=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=N[NH+]1C1=CC=CC=C1 LQUBXCVRJZGBLM-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 title 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- -1 carbethoxymethyl Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000001494 2-propynyl group Chemical group [H]C#CC([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- OCXWPNUZUDNOAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-4-propylpyrazol-1-ium Chemical compound CN1[N+](C)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C(CCC)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 OCXWPNUZUDNOAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GSOOPJTXVXTDSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-benzyl-1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenylpyrazol-1-ium Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1=[N+](C)N(C)C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1CC1=CC=CC=C1 GSOOPJTXVXTDSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl sulfate(1-) Chemical compound COS([O-])(=O)=O JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims description 3
- WECVTOUWBRBXCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-trimethyl-3,5-diphenylpyrazol-1-ium Chemical group CN1[N+](C)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C(C)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 WECVTOUWBRBXCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydrogensulfate Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 6
- PKWSFZHMPNCCFO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 4-ethyl-1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenylpyrazol-1-ium;methyl sulfate Chemical compound COS([O-])(=O)=O.CN1[N+](C)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C(CC)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 PKWSFZHMPNCCFO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 4
- QDDRDURSDCEBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-4-propylpyrazol-1-ium;perchlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.CN1[N+](C)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C(CCC)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 QDDRDURSDCEBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 3
- NJEWCCAOEKSKET-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-4-prop-2-ynylpyrazol-1-ium;hydron;sulfate Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O.C[N+]=1N(C)C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C(CC#C)C=1C1=CC=CC=C1 NJEWCCAOEKSKET-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- SFJCOYWIITVQKO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1,2-dimethyl-4-pentyl-3,5-diphenylpyrazol-1-ium;perchlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.CN1[N+](C)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C(CCCCC)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 SFJCOYWIITVQKO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- ZOMSORPENUNIFS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 4-benzyl-1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenylpyrazol-1-ium;perchlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.C=1C=CC=CC=1C1=[N+](C)N(C)C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1CC1=CC=CC=C1 ZOMSORPENUNIFS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazole Chemical class C=1C=NNC=1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 22
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical group O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 16
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 13
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
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- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 description 10
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000008504 concentrate Nutrition 0.000 description 10
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 9
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 9
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- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 125000005594 diketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 241000220225 Malus Species 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 244000075850 Avena orientalis Species 0.000 description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 description 6
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000005373 Uvularia sessilifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229960001701 chloroform Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 235000013350 formula milk Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 240000006122 Chenopodium album Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000009344 Chenopodium album Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 244000152970 Digitaria sanguinalis Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000010823 Digitaria sanguinalis Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000001602 Digitaria X umfolozi Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000017898 Digitaria ciliaris Nutrition 0.000 description 4
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- 235000006830 Digitaria didactyla Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000005804 Digitaria eriantha ssp. eriantha Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000014716 Eleusine indica Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 235000013479 Amaranthus retroflexus Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 240000008067 Cucumis sativus Species 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010039509 Scab Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 229940100198 alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000002168 alkylating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002152 alkylating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- NZZIMKJIVMHWJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzoylmethane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 NZZIMKJIVMHWJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 3
- HDZGCSFEDULWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N monomethylhydrazine Chemical compound CNN HDZGCSFEDULWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 244000058871 Echinochloa crus-galli Species 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 235000005146 Ipomoea eriocarpa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- ATHHXGZTWNVVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylformamide Chemical compound CNC=O ATHHXGZTWNVVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000220324 Pyrus Species 0.000 description 2
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 235000003484 annual ragweed Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000021016 apples Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940076134 benzene Drugs 0.000 description 2
- GZUXJHMPEANEGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromomethane Chemical compound BrC GZUXJHMPEANEGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000006263 bur ragweed Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-NJFSPNSNSA-N chloro(114C)methane Chemical compound [14CH3]Cl NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- AMANBMHGZZGKKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1,2,4-trimethyl-3,5-diphenylpyrazol-1-ium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CN1[N+](C)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C(C)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 AMANBMHGZZGKKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- JHTKOUJDEUQFOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-pyrazol-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.C=1C=NNC=1 JHTKOUJDEUQFOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000011999 Panicum crusgalli Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 101000907988 Petunia hybrida Chalcone-flavanone isomerase C Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001337928 Podosphaera leucotricha Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920001213 Polysorbate 20 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-O Pyrazolium Chemical compound C1=CN[NH+]=C1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 235000002248 Setaria viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000003461 Setaria viridis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010086 Setaria viridis var. viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000228452 Venturia inaequalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000219094 Vitaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003232 aliphatic polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000102 alkali metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008046 alkali metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001350 alkyl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AGEZXYOZHKGVCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl bromide Chemical compound BrCC1=CC=CC=C1 AGEZXYOZHKGVCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- QKSKPIVNLNLAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide Chemical compound ClCCSCCCl QKSKPIVNLNLAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000001649 bromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000332 continued effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001983 dialkylethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XXJWXESWEXIICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol monoethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCCOCCO XXJWXESWEXIICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940075557 diethylene glycol monoethyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl sulfate Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)OC VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl ether Chemical compound CCCOCCC POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000676 disease causative agent Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- HHFAWKCIHAUFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxide Chemical compound CC[O-] HHFAWKCIHAUFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000286 fullers earth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000053095 fungal pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021021 grapes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine Substances NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000006278 hypochromic anemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodide Chemical compound [I-] XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000004694 iodide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical compound IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- NBTOZLQBSIZIKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxide Chemical compound [O-]C NBTOZLQBSIZIKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VUQUOGPMUUJORT-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 VUQUOGPMUUJORT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940102396 methyl bromide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- ICIHDUSPYJNBRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl sulfate;1h-pyrazol-1-ium Chemical compound [NH2+]1C=CC=N1.COS([O-])(=O)=O ICIHDUSPYJNBRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010460 mustard Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)phenyl]-4-nitrobenzenesulfonamide Chemical class C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=2OC3=CC=CC=C3N=2)C=C1 SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002891 organic anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005235 piperonyl butoxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000056 polyoxyethylene ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010486 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IKNCGYCHMGNBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-olate Chemical compound CCC[O-] IKNCGYCHMGNBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003586 protic polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015136 pumpkin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003217 pyrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CMXPERZAMAQXSF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;1,4-bis(2-ethylhexoxy)-1,4-dioxobutane-2-sulfonate;1,8-dihydroxyanthracene-9,10-dione Chemical compound [Na+].O=C1C2=CC=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=CC=C2O.CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC CMXPERZAMAQXSF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940035044 sorbitan monolaurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D231/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings
- C07D231/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D231/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D231/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/56—1,2-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2-diazoles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/61—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups
- C07C45/67—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
- C07C45/68—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C49/00—Ketones; Ketenes; Dimeric ketenes; Ketonic chelates
- C07C49/76—Ketones containing a keto group bound to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C49/782—Ketones containing a keto group bound to a six-membered aromatic ring polycyclic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C49/00—Ketones; Ketenes; Dimeric ketenes; Ketonic chelates
- C07C49/76—Ketones containing a keto group bound to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C49/782—Ketones containing a keto group bound to a six-membered aromatic ring polycyclic
- C07C49/784—Ketones containing a keto group bound to a six-membered aromatic ring polycyclic with all keto groups bound to a non-condensed ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C49/00—Ketones; Ketenes; Dimeric ketenes; Ketonic chelates
- C07C49/76—Ketones containing a keto group bound to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C49/794—Ketones containing a keto group bound to a six-membered aromatic ring having unsaturation outside an aromatic ring
- C07C49/796—Ketones containing a keto group bound to a six-membered aromatic ring having unsaturation outside an aromatic ring polycyclic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F1/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table
- C07F1/04—Sodium compounds
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
A B S T R A C T
A method for control of undesirable plant species and fungi by the application of an effective amount of a 1,2,4-trialkyl disubstituted pyrazolium salt having the formula:
A method for control of undesirable plant species and fungi by the application of an effective amount of a 1,2,4-trialkyl disubstituted pyrazolium salt having the formula:
Description
-~78~350 The present invention relates to a method for the control of undesirable plant species and fungi by applying to the ~
foliage of said undesirable plants or to soil containing seed of ` ~ :
undesirable plants, a herbicidally or fungicidally effective amount of a compound having the formula: ~;
. CH ~
R _ ~ m wherein R is alkyl C2-C5, allyl, propargyl, benzyl or carbethoxy-methyl; X represents an anion having a charge o-f from 1 to 3; and m represents an integer from 1 to 3. :~:
Y~l - 2 - ~
1~78~3S~
The present invention also relates to novel pyrazolium compounds represented by the formula:
I) 9 t ~
m wherein R is a member selected from the group consisting of alkyl C2-C5, allyl, propargyl, benzyl and carbethoxymethyl; X represents an anion with a charge of 1, 2 or 3 and preferably 1; m represents an integer selected from 1, 2 or 3.
As is known, certain 1,2-dialkyl-3,5-diphenylpyra-zolium salts and a method for the postemergence control of certain undesirable plant species therewith, are disclosed in Netherlands Application for Patent No. 7,217,015. Additionally, Elguero et al, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1121 (1970) describe the compound: 1,2,4-trimethyl-3,5-diphenylpyrazolium iodide. However, no utility for the compound is taught or suggested. Moreover, United States Patent No. 3,818,096, issued on June 18, 197~ to Margaret Sherlock, dis-cioses compositions of 1,2-lower dialkyl arylpyrazolium quaternary salts and a method of lowering blood sugar levels with said com-pounds. In no way does patentee suggest any preemergence or postemergence herbicidal activity util-t78~s~
1 izing any 4-benzyl, 4-propargyl or 4-carbethoxymethyl--1,2-dialkyl-3,5-disubstituted pyrazolium salt having enhanced herbicidal activity.
In the practice of the herbicidal methods of the present invention, compounds which have the herein-abovedefined structure (I) are highly efficacious for the postemergence control of crabgrass and wild oats and broadleaf weeds, such as lambsquarters, mustard, pig-weed, ragweed, velvetleaf and some grass plants. More- ;
over, they are highly selective in the presen~e of wheat and rice crops. Unexpectedly, the 4-alkyl compounds are also effective as preemergence herbicides and are useful for the preemergence control of crabgrass and wild oats and broadleaf weeds such as named above~
Among the 4-alkyl derivatives, the 3,5-di-phenyl-1,2,4-trimethylpyrazolium salts are especially notable for their outstanding postemergence herbicidal effect on crabgrass and wild oats in the presence of wheat and rice.
The compounds of this invention are also use-ful for the control of fungi which infect many living pIants. They are particularly effective for controlling powdery mildew, especially on grain5 such as barley and wheat, on vines such as cucumbers, grapes and pumpkin and on fruit and nut trees such as apples, pears and pecans. However, they are also effective for controll-ing fungi which are the causative agents for rice blast and apple scab. ~ -The pyrazolium salts of this invention are readily synthesized by reacting an alkali metal salt of .
.
~ ' .' gL07~3~3S0 1 an appropriate diketone with an alkylating, alkenylat-ing, alkynylating or benzylating agent. The thus-ob-tained substituted diketone is further reacted with a .
Cl-C4 alkylhydrazine to yield the appropriately substi-tuted pyrazole. Finally, the thus-obtained pyrazole is quaternized with the appropriate Cl-C4 alkylating agent to yield the desired pyrazolium salt. The above rèaction sequence may be graphically illustrated as follows:
.. . .. . , . .. . . . . ~ ., .
O O O M O
~t R~-C-CH -C-R ~ MY ~ R5-C-CH-C-R ` >
(v) li t4 11 ~IV) Solven~
~ Solvent R5-C-CH-~-R~ + ~1-NH-NH2 ~ a (III) R5~ ~ ~3 ; 5 ~ 3 1 xem N . ` N - ~
(II A) ~ ~ RI R2 m ~ S ~ ~ (I A) . . R5 ~ R~ R5 ~ 3 ~ - Rl . 2 1 . (II B) _ m . (I B) .
wheFein M is an alkali metal, such as sodium, potassium - ~078~350 1 or lithi~ and Y is hydrogen, hydroxide or alkoxide, such as methoxide, ethoxide, propoxide or butoxide; and wherein Rl to R5, X and m are as above defined. If R3 = R5, the pyrazolium compound identified as formula (I A) above is obtained.
In general, the alkali metal salt of 1,3-di-phenyl-1,3-propanedione or other appropriate diketone can be obtained by reacting an alkali metal hydride, preferably sodium hydride, with said 1,2 diphenyl-1,3--propane or other diketone in the presence of a solvent, such as diethyleth~r, methylether ether or di-n-propyl-ether. This reaction is usually conducted at a rela-tively l~w temperature, i.e., at 0C. to 20C. and pref-erably between 5C. and 15C. The thus-formed salt is then reacted with an alkylating reagent. Illustrative reagents for this reaction include: carbethoxymethyl Cl-C5 alkyl halide, allyl halide, propargyl halide, car-bethoxymethyl halide and benzyl halides, preferably the iodides, bromides or chlorides of the same.
The reaction is usually carried out at an ele-vated temperature, generally between about 50C. and 150C. and preferably between 50C. and 100C., in the presence of an anhydrous solvent such as a dry dialkyl ether, acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, dimethylformamide (DMF) or the like. Generally, about
foliage of said undesirable plants or to soil containing seed of ` ~ :
undesirable plants, a herbicidally or fungicidally effective amount of a compound having the formula: ~;
. CH ~
R _ ~ m wherein R is alkyl C2-C5, allyl, propargyl, benzyl or carbethoxy-methyl; X represents an anion having a charge o-f from 1 to 3; and m represents an integer from 1 to 3. :~:
Y~l - 2 - ~
1~78~3S~
The present invention also relates to novel pyrazolium compounds represented by the formula:
I) 9 t ~
m wherein R is a member selected from the group consisting of alkyl C2-C5, allyl, propargyl, benzyl and carbethoxymethyl; X represents an anion with a charge of 1, 2 or 3 and preferably 1; m represents an integer selected from 1, 2 or 3.
As is known, certain 1,2-dialkyl-3,5-diphenylpyra-zolium salts and a method for the postemergence control of certain undesirable plant species therewith, are disclosed in Netherlands Application for Patent No. 7,217,015. Additionally, Elguero et al, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1121 (1970) describe the compound: 1,2,4-trimethyl-3,5-diphenylpyrazolium iodide. However, no utility for the compound is taught or suggested. Moreover, United States Patent No. 3,818,096, issued on June 18, 197~ to Margaret Sherlock, dis-cioses compositions of 1,2-lower dialkyl arylpyrazolium quaternary salts and a method of lowering blood sugar levels with said com-pounds. In no way does patentee suggest any preemergence or postemergence herbicidal activity util-t78~s~
1 izing any 4-benzyl, 4-propargyl or 4-carbethoxymethyl--1,2-dialkyl-3,5-disubstituted pyrazolium salt having enhanced herbicidal activity.
In the practice of the herbicidal methods of the present invention, compounds which have the herein-abovedefined structure (I) are highly efficacious for the postemergence control of crabgrass and wild oats and broadleaf weeds, such as lambsquarters, mustard, pig-weed, ragweed, velvetleaf and some grass plants. More- ;
over, they are highly selective in the presen~e of wheat and rice crops. Unexpectedly, the 4-alkyl compounds are also effective as preemergence herbicides and are useful for the preemergence control of crabgrass and wild oats and broadleaf weeds such as named above~
Among the 4-alkyl derivatives, the 3,5-di-phenyl-1,2,4-trimethylpyrazolium salts are especially notable for their outstanding postemergence herbicidal effect on crabgrass and wild oats in the presence of wheat and rice.
The compounds of this invention are also use-ful for the control of fungi which infect many living pIants. They are particularly effective for controlling powdery mildew, especially on grain5 such as barley and wheat, on vines such as cucumbers, grapes and pumpkin and on fruit and nut trees such as apples, pears and pecans. However, they are also effective for controll-ing fungi which are the causative agents for rice blast and apple scab. ~ -The pyrazolium salts of this invention are readily synthesized by reacting an alkali metal salt of .
.
~ ' .' gL07~3~3S0 1 an appropriate diketone with an alkylating, alkenylat-ing, alkynylating or benzylating agent. The thus-ob-tained substituted diketone is further reacted with a .
Cl-C4 alkylhydrazine to yield the appropriately substi-tuted pyrazole. Finally, the thus-obtained pyrazole is quaternized with the appropriate Cl-C4 alkylating agent to yield the desired pyrazolium salt. The above rèaction sequence may be graphically illustrated as follows:
.. . .. . , . .. . . . . ~ ., .
O O O M O
~t R~-C-CH -C-R ~ MY ~ R5-C-CH-C-R ` >
(v) li t4 11 ~IV) Solven~
~ Solvent R5-C-CH-~-R~ + ~1-NH-NH2 ~ a (III) R5~ ~ ~3 ; 5 ~ 3 1 xem N . ` N - ~
(II A) ~ ~ RI R2 m ~ S ~ ~ (I A) . . R5 ~ R~ R5 ~ 3 ~ - Rl . 2 1 . (II B) _ m . (I B) .
wheFein M is an alkali metal, such as sodium, potassium - ~078~350 1 or lithi~ and Y is hydrogen, hydroxide or alkoxide, such as methoxide, ethoxide, propoxide or butoxide; and wherein Rl to R5, X and m are as above defined. If R3 = R5, the pyrazolium compound identified as formula (I A) above is obtained.
In general, the alkali metal salt of 1,3-di-phenyl-1,3-propanedione or other appropriate diketone can be obtained by reacting an alkali metal hydride, preferably sodium hydride, with said 1,2 diphenyl-1,3--propane or other diketone in the presence of a solvent, such as diethyleth~r, methylether ether or di-n-propyl-ether. This reaction is usually conducted at a rela-tively l~w temperature, i.e., at 0C. to 20C. and pref-erably between 5C. and 15C. The thus-formed salt is then reacted with an alkylating reagent. Illustrative reagents for this reaction include: carbethoxymethyl Cl-C5 alkyl halide, allyl halide, propargyl halide, car-bethoxymethyl halide and benzyl halides, preferably the iodides, bromides or chlorides of the same.
The reaction is usually carried out at an ele-vated temperature, generally between about 50C. and 150C. and preferably between 50C. and 100C., in the presence of an anhydrous solvent such as a dry dialkyl ether, acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, dimethylformamide (DMF) or the like. Generally, about
2 to 3 moles of the alkylating reagent, per mole of the alkali metal ketonic salt are sufficient for effectively completing the reaction.
The thus-formed substituted 1,3- diphenyl-1,3-- 30 -propanedione or other appropriately substituted diketone . . . ....................... . .
.. .... .
~IL0~7~S0 1 is then reacted with a Cl-C4 alkylhydrazine.
Since the diketone and the alkylhydrazille com-pounds combine in equimolar quantities, it is preferable to maintain the molar ratio of reactants at about 1:1;
however, a slight excess (up to about 10%) of either re-actant may be used.
The ring forming reaction between the diketone and alkyl hydrazine is preferably carried out by combin-ing the reactants in a solvent and heating to the reac-tion temperature. Suitable temperatures are in therange of from about 70C. to about 150C. and, preferably, between 80C. and 120C. Suitable solvents include, for example, aprotic solvents, such as xylene, toluene, ben-zene, pyridine, DMSO and the like, or protic solvents, such as Cl-C4 alcohoLs, preferably n and i-propanol.
Where the latter solvents are employed, high rates of conversion are obtained at temperatures in the range of 80C. to 85C.
Quaternization of the l-aLkylpyrazole is ef-fected by reaction thereof with at least an equimolar :. , quantity of an R2X alkylating agent where R2 and X aredefined hereinabove. Exemplary agents are methyl chlor-ide, methyl bromide, methyl iodide, dimethyl sulfate, methyl hydrogen sul~ater trimethyl phosphate, methyl-p--toluene sulfonate, and equivalents thereof.
- This reaction is preferably conducted in the presence of a solvent, such as a lower alcohol Cl-C4: a ketone, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, me`thyl lsobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone; an aprotic solvent, such as dimethylsulfoxide or dimethylformamide; or preferably, ~ 713l~5(~
1 an aprotic solvent, such as xylene, toluene, benzene or 1,2-dichloroethane.
The quaternization is usually carried out at temperatures maintained between 35C. and 150C., pref-erably between 50C. and 125C.
Generally, in the quaternization reaction, the reactants combine in equimolar quantities. It is pre-ferred to employ a 1:1 molar ratio thereof. However, a slight excess tup to 10~) of either reactant can be em- ;
- 10 ployed. Where the alkylating agent is volatile at the temperatures used, such as is in the case of methyl chlor-ide, i~ is preferred to conduct the reaction in an auto-clave. Further, where the diketone selected is asymmet-rically substituted and R3 differs from R5 in the pyra-zole to be produced, a mixture of isomers will result from the above-described reaction scheme. In such event, it is generally expedient to employ the isomer mixture in the herbicidal processes of the present invention.
However, should any separation of the isomers be desired, it can be affected by conventional separation techniques, such as for example, fractional crystalli2ation.
In carrying out the above ring closure and alkylation reactions, it may be expedient to initially form a salt having an anion other than that which it is 2~ desired to employ in the herbicidal processes of the present invention. In such cases, the exchange in anion can be effected by treating the initially forMed salt with an ion exchange resln. Among the suitable ion ex-change resins, one can mention a strong base organic anion exchanger. Exemplary exchangers contemplate quat--:~7885~
1 ernary ammonium salts. Where the resin is supplied as the salt of an anion other than that desired, it is pre-treated with an aqueous solution of a salt of the desir-ed anion. For example, if the resin is supplled as a quaternary ammonium chloride and it is desired to pro-duce a pyrazolium nitrate, one would pretreat the resin with an aqueous solution of sodium nitrate.
Other optional subsequent modifications of the anion in the pyrazolium salt may be effected. For ex-ample. a pyrazolium chloride may be conveniently convert-ed to the corresponding bromide or iodide by treatment with sodium bromide or sodium iodide, in a solvent, such as acetone. A pyrazolium salt, such as the chloride, may be converted to the correspondlng perchlorate by treatment of an aqueous solution of said salt with per-chloric acid~ Thi& results in the preparation of the less soluble perchlorate salt.
In applying the formula (I) pyrazolium salts to the foliage of the undesirable plant species, the salts are preferably formulated as postemergence herbi-cidal compositlons by admixing a herbicidal adjuvant with a herbicidally effective amount of the salt. Suit-able adjuvants include one or more conventional solid or liquid carriers, diluents and formulation aids, particu-larly surfactant~. The salts may be formulated alone,in combination with each other or with other pecticidal agents. The water-miscible (or emulsifiable) concentrates discussed below are especially advanta~eous. The pres-ent invention lS fuxther directed thereto as well as to methods for their preparation and use.
_ g _ ~C178~5~
1 Application o-f the salts as dusts, dust con-centrates, wettable powders and water-miscible (or emuls-ifiable) compositions using conventional application equipment at rates of from 0.27 to 22.4 kg. of active (i.e. cation) per hectare are preferred.
Dusts are generally prepared by grinding to-gether about 1% to 25% by weight of the active agent with from about 99% to 75% by weight of a solid diluent such as kaolln, attapulgite, talc, p~ice, diatomaceous earth, fullers earth, wood flour, or the like. Dust concentrates are prepared in similar fashion excepting that about 25% to 95% by weight of -the active agent is ground with about 75% to 5% by weight of the diluent.
Wettable powders are prepared in the same man-ner as the dust concentrates excepting that about 1% to5% by weight of a surfactant, such as polyoxyethylated vegetable oil, alkyl phenoxy polyoxyethylene ethanol, is also blended with the formulation.
The water-miscible (or emulsifiable) concen-trates are prepared by dissolving from 15~ to 70% of thecompound in 85~ to 30% of a water-miscible salv~nt, such as water itself or another polar water-miscible solvent, such as 2-methoxyethanol, methanol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, formamide, and methylformamide. Application of the ma-terial is made by adding a predetermined quantity of the water-miscible (or emulsifiable) concentrate to a spray tank and applying as such or in combination with a suit-- able diluent, such as after addition of a further quantity of water or one of the above polar solvents.
: ' : . ..
8~350 1 The performance of the product in all of the above formulations, which are applied as liquid sprays, is unexpectedly improved by adding a surfactant or blend of surfactants. Conventional, nonionic surfactants may be employed.
Exemplary nonionic surfactants include alkyl polyoxyethylene ethers, polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monoolea~e, alkylarylpolyglycol ethers, alkyl phenol ethoxylates, trimethyl nonyl polyethylene glycol ethers, alkyl phenol ethylene oxide condensates, octyl phenoxy polyethoxy ethanols, nonylphenyl polyethylene glycol ethers, con-densates of polyoxy ethylenes, polyoxy propylenes, ali~
phatic polyethers, aliphatic polyesters, alkylaryl poly-oxyethylene glycols, and the like.
These surfactants are preferably added to thespray tank at the rate of 0.1% to 5% by volume to pro-vide good wetting of the spray solution on plant foliage.
The concentrates containing surfactants are preferably formulated as aqueous sprays containing ap-proximately 29% by weight of the appropriate salt, from about 26% to 50% by weight of water and the remainder of said for~ulation (26%-44% weight) of a selected surfact-ant. Surfactants, which have been used in preparing suitable surfactants containing concentrates, include an octylphenol ethylene oxide conden5ate, an ethanolic solution of an alkyl phenol ethoxylate, a polyglycolic ether condensate produced from ethylene oxide and an alkyl phenol and an alkyl aryl polyglycolic ether. Typ-ical formulations are (1) 28~6~ of a pyrazolium salt of ` ~7~385~
l the present invention, 22.0% of one of the above surfac-tants and 49.4% water; and (2) 28.6% of a pyrazolium salt of the present invention, 46.7% of one of the above surfactants and 24.7% water.
In control of wild oats, preferably about 4.68 liters, of the concentrate containing surfactant (l) would be admixed with 181 liters of water and applied as a dilute aqueous spray to cover l hectare of treated area. This spray solution would contain approximately 0.5~ by weight of the surEactant. Formulation (2) would preferably be used in a similar manner except that 4.68 liters of the formulation would be admixed with 374 liters of water and applied as the dilute aqueous spray to cover l hectare of treated area.
It is! of course, obvious that the formula-tions can be varied to provide dilute aqueous sprays containing from about O.l~ to 5.0% by weight of the sur-factant and an effective amount of the pyrazolium salt.
As previously noted, the water-miscible con-centrates of the present~invention are prepared by dis-solving 15~ to 70% of a pyrazolium salt of formula (I) in 85% to 30% of a water-miscible polar solvent. These compositions are unexpectedly improved with regard to their effectiveness by the further step of adding a sur-factant. Nonionic surfactants, especially those havinga hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of from ll to 16, are preferred. This conventional surfactant classifica-tion test is described, for example, at page 232 e-t seq of Emulsion Theory and Practice by Paul Becher, Rheinholt Publishing Corporation, second edition (1965); also avail-~' 7~3~SO
1 able as No . 162 in the American Chemical society's Mon~~
graph Series.
Preferred methods employ water as the solvent and above one of the pyrazolium salts defined by form-ula (i) above as the active ingredient.
These compositions are effective when applied at a rate sufficient to provide 0.27-22.4 kg./hectare of active ingredient (i.e. cation). Application at rates from about 0.56 kg. to 11.2 kg. per hectare of said ac-tive material are more preferred.
The present invention and preparation of thestarting materials therefor are illustrated by the fol-lowing examples. UnlesS otherwise indicated, all parts and percentages are by weight, in the following illus-tration and examples as well as in the claims and thediscussion above.
Example 1 Preparation of 2-Sodium-1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanedione Dibenzoylmethane (112.3 g., 0.5 mole) is dis~
solved in anhydrous diethyl ether (2 1.). The solution is stirred vigorously and sodium hydride (21.0 g., 0.5 mole) added in portions while maintaining the temperat-ure of the mixture between 7C. to 12C~ Upon comple-tion of the addition the reaction mixture is allowed`to stir for 3 hours. Additional anhydrous ether is added, the solid filtered off, reslurried in anhydrous ether, filtered and dried to give 109~0 g. (89%) of the sodium salt of 1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanedione.
Example 2 Preparation of 1,3-Dipheny~-2-pentyl-l~3-propanedione 1~71~8SV
1 n-Pentylbromlde (22.6 g., 0.15 mole) is added to an anhydrous solution of 2-sodium-1,3-diphenyl~1,3--propanedione (15.7 g., 0.064 mole) in DMF (150 ml.), then the reaction mixture is heated at 80C. to 90C.
for 5 days. The reaction mixture is cooled, poured into ice water, stirred for 1 hour, and extracted with chloro-form (3 x 75 ml.). Evaporation of the chloroform layer gives an oil which is crystallized from 95% ethanol to give 3.7 g. (20%) of product, m.p. 68.5C. to 69.5C.
~nalysiS calculated for C2oH222 C, 81 H, 7.53. Found: C, 81.50; H, 7.63.
Example 3 Preparation of 2~Benzyl-1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanedione Benzylbromide (25.6 g., 0.15 mole) is added to a partial solution of 2-sodium-1,3-diphenyl-1,3-pro-panedione (15.7 g., 0.064 mole) in dry acetone (200 ml.).
The reaction mixture is stirred at reflux for 39 hours, cooled and poured into ice water (600 ml.). The result-ing suspension is filtered, the collected solid is dried and recrystallized from 95% ethanol to give 14.6 g. (75%) of product, m.p. 102C. to 103C.
Analysis calculated for C22H18O2: C, H, 5.77. Found: C, 83.35; H, 5.89.
Exa~ple 4 Employing the procedure of Example 3, above, the following 2-substituted, 1,3~diphenyl-1,3-propane-diones are prepared:
:.
~ C-CH- ~
R Melting Point C
5 . 4 , - - _ C2H5 8~-84 n-C~H7 61-62 i-C3H7 81-82 C~2-CH-CH2 64-65 o CH2-C-OC~H5 82-8~
5 11 68.5-69c5 . Example 5 Preparation of 3,5-~phenyl-4-ethyl-1-methylpyrazole .
Methylhydrazine (2.86 g., 0.06 mole) is added to an isopropanol (100 ml.) solution of 1,3-dipheny,1-2--ethyl-1,3-propanedione (ll.O g., 0.044 mole) with con-stant stirring at 80C.- The reaction mixture is heated at reflux for 3 1/2 hours, then stirred at room temper-ature overnight. The reaction mixture is poured into ice-water, stirred for 1/2 hour, and the resulting mix-ture extracted with chloroform (3 x 50 ml.). Evapora-tion of the organic layer gives an oil,~which is crystal-lized from hexane with cooling to give 6.47 g. (56~) of product, m.p. 80C. to 81C.
Analysis calculated for C18H18W2: C~
H, 6.92; N, 10.68. Found: C, 82.35; H, 7.09; N, 10.75 - , .. , , . .. : . ~ .
0713B53:~
1 Example 6 Following the procedure of Example 5, above, the followin~ additional pyrazoles are prepared:
S ~ 14 N
R~ Meltin~_Point C
n-C H7 74-75 _ 3 7 oil CH -C~H 159-161 CH2-CH=CH2 79,5-80.5 0 oil Il` oil CH2 ~3 110 '~;
, Example 7 reparation of 3,5-Diphenyl-1,2,4-trimethylpyrazolium methyl sulfate Dimethylsulfate (7.5 g., 0.06 mole) is added to an anhydrous toluene (100 ml.) solution of 1,4-di-methyl-3,5-diphenylpyrazole (10 g., 0.04 mole) at 80C.
with stirring. The reaction mixture is stirred at 100C.
for 3 hours, cooled and a hygroscopic solid removed by filtration. The solid is dissolved in chloroform and ether is added to the solution gradually. The first fraction which precipitates is extremely hygroscopic, .
" .
. .. . . . , ... , ", ., .. , , , ... , .. , . ., , ,, . ,, .. , .. " " , , ~ .
., ,. , ... . . , .. . , . :
.. . . .. . .
-` ~07~8S0 1 m.p. 94C. to 96C.; the second fraction which precipi-tates is not hygroscopic, m.p. 103C. to 105C. as th~
methyl sulfate; total yield of product 12.6 g. t72%).
A 5.0 g. portion of the product is dissolved in water, the solution filtered and the filtrate treated with saturated sodium iodide solution. The precipitate is filtered off at 10C., air dried and then redissolved in warm water. The aqueous solution is extracted with ether, then with chloroform. The chloroform layer is evaporated, the residual oil triturated with ether to af-ford 2.8 g~ (54%) of the iodide salt of the above pyra-z~lium compound as a white solid, m.p. 196C. to 196.5C.
Similarly, a 3.0 g. portion of the pyrazolium methyl sulfate is dissolved in water, the solution filt-ered and treated with dilute perchloric acid; the precipi-tate formed is filtered, washed with water and dried to yield 2.5 g. (85%) of the perchlorate salt of the above pyrazolium compound.
Similarly prepared are:
1,2-Dimethyl~3,5-diphenyl-4-ethylpyrazolium methyl sul-fate, m.p. 115C. to 118C.;
1,2-Dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-4-n-propylpyrazolium perchlor-ate, m.p. 134C. to 135C.;
1,2-Dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-4-i-prOpylpyrazolium perchlor-ate, m.p. 149C. to 150C.;1,2-Dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-4-n-pentylpyrazolium perchlor-ate, m.p. 51C. to 52.5C.;
1,2-Dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-4-t2-propynyl)pyrazolium hy-drogen sulfate, m.p. 145~C. to 151C.; ~ -4-Allyl-1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenylpyrazolium hydrogen - 17 - ;~
.. .. . .. .
71~350 --1 sulfate, wax;
4-(Carboxymethyl)-1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenylpyrazolium iodidel~ ethyl ester; m.p. 148C. to 149C.;
~'~
L ~ j 4-Benzyl-1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenylpyrazolium hydrogen sulfate, m.p. 244C. to 264C.;
4-Benzyl-1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenylpyrazolium perchlor-ate, m.p. 180C~ to 180.5C.
Example 8 Preparation of 3,5-Dicyclohexyl-1,4-dime~lpyrazole Methylhydrazine (1.0 g., 0.022 mole) is added at 60C.-70C. with stirring to an isopropanol (200 ml.) ~ -solution of 1~3-dicyclohexyl-2-methyl-1~3-propanedione (5.0 g., 0.02 mole) having a m.p. of 36C.-37C. and prepared by the procedure of Example 3 above. The reac-tion is heated at reflux for 4 hours, then cooled, water ~300 ml.) added and the resulting solid filtered off.
The solid is dissolved in anhydrous toluene, methyl hy-drazine (1.0 g., 0.022 mole) added and the reaction mix-ture heated at 90C. for 4 hours. Then additional methyl hydrazine (1.0 g., 0.022 mole) is added and heating con-tinued for 3 hours. The reaction mixture is cooled. The solvent removed on a rotary evaporator and the resulting solid crystallized from hexane/benzene to give 1.7 g.
(32%) of the desired product, m.p. 120C. to 122C.
Analysis calculated for C17H28N2: , H, 10.84; N, 10.76. Found: C, 78.38; H, 10.91; N, 10.76.
Example 9 Preparation of 3,5-Dicyclohexyl-1,2,4-trime hylpyrazolLum methyl sulfate Dimethyl sulfate (1.26 g., 0.01 mole) is added ` 1~7~850 1 to an anhydrous toluene (50 ml.) solution of 3,5-dicyclo-hexyl-1,4-dimethylpyrazole (1.7 g., 0.0064 mole) with constant stirring at 80C. The reaction mixture is then heated to reflux and maintained at reflux, with stirringt for 6 hours, The reaction mixture is cooled, ether (75 ml.) is added and the mixture stirred for 3 hours. The resulting solid is filtered and dried to give 1.8 g. of the desirPd product, m.p. 176C. ~o 177C.
Analysis calculated for ClgH34N204S: C, 59.04;
H, 8.87; N, 7.25; S, 8.30. Found: C, 59.62; H, 9.54;
N, 7.21; S, 8.04.
Example 10 The preemergence activity of the compounds of the present invention is demonstrated by the following tests, wherein a 50/50 acetone/water (v/v) mixture and sufficient test compound to provide the amount per hec-tare of said compound as indicated in Table I when the mixture is applied to pots planted with seeds or propa-gules of test plant species~
The pots are prepared the day of herbicide treatment by pu~tting 100 ml. of soil in each plastic pot as a base, then morningglory and wild oat seeds are plac-ed on this base and covered with 50 ml. (1 cm. to 1.37 cm.) of soil. Seeds of the other 8 plant species identi-fied below are separately mixed with soil and 50 ml. of the soil seed mix added to the pot. The pots are then ~amped lightly to level the soil and the soil i9 wetted with water prior to herbicide application. This pre-wetting insures that the subsequently applied herbicide ;~
treatment solution spreads evenly over the surface of the ' - 19 - ::
, . , ' ~ , ~ . . : '.
~7~i~5~
l pot and protects the weed seeds from acetone injury.
Each o~ the 10 weed species is contained in a separate pot. The pots are then arranged in 25.4 x 30.4 cm.
flats prior to chemical treatment. -The planted pots are treated with 5 ml. of test solution and then placed on benches in the green-house. Pots are watered after treatment as needed and held in the greenhouse for 3 weeks at which time the re-sults are recorded, as reported in Table I below.
Plant Species Used in Preemergence Herbicide Evaluation .
Common Name Abbrevia-tion Sclentific Name Lambsquarters LA Chenopodium album Wild Mustard MU Brassica kaber Pigweed PI Amaranthus retroflexus 15 Ragweed RW ~mbrosia artemisiifolia Morningglory MG Ipomoca purpurea Barnyardgrass BA Echinochloa crusgalli Crabgrass CR Digitaria sanguinalis Green Foxtail FO -Setaria yiridis 20 Wild Oats WO Avena fatua Velvetleaf VL Abutilon theophrasti - Wheat ~ WH Triticum vulgare Rice RI Oryza sativa The rating system used in the evaluation of the experimental data is given below:
.~ .
~ D7~3~S(~
1 Rating System ~ Difference in growth from check*
0 - No effect 1 - Possible effect 1-10 2 - Slight effect 11-25
The thus-formed substituted 1,3- diphenyl-1,3-- 30 -propanedione or other appropriately substituted diketone . . . ....................... . .
.. .... .
~IL0~7~S0 1 is then reacted with a Cl-C4 alkylhydrazine.
Since the diketone and the alkylhydrazille com-pounds combine in equimolar quantities, it is preferable to maintain the molar ratio of reactants at about 1:1;
however, a slight excess (up to about 10%) of either re-actant may be used.
The ring forming reaction between the diketone and alkyl hydrazine is preferably carried out by combin-ing the reactants in a solvent and heating to the reac-tion temperature. Suitable temperatures are in therange of from about 70C. to about 150C. and, preferably, between 80C. and 120C. Suitable solvents include, for example, aprotic solvents, such as xylene, toluene, ben-zene, pyridine, DMSO and the like, or protic solvents, such as Cl-C4 alcohoLs, preferably n and i-propanol.
Where the latter solvents are employed, high rates of conversion are obtained at temperatures in the range of 80C. to 85C.
Quaternization of the l-aLkylpyrazole is ef-fected by reaction thereof with at least an equimolar :. , quantity of an R2X alkylating agent where R2 and X aredefined hereinabove. Exemplary agents are methyl chlor-ide, methyl bromide, methyl iodide, dimethyl sulfate, methyl hydrogen sul~ater trimethyl phosphate, methyl-p--toluene sulfonate, and equivalents thereof.
- This reaction is preferably conducted in the presence of a solvent, such as a lower alcohol Cl-C4: a ketone, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, me`thyl lsobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone; an aprotic solvent, such as dimethylsulfoxide or dimethylformamide; or preferably, ~ 713l~5(~
1 an aprotic solvent, such as xylene, toluene, benzene or 1,2-dichloroethane.
The quaternization is usually carried out at temperatures maintained between 35C. and 150C., pref-erably between 50C. and 125C.
Generally, in the quaternization reaction, the reactants combine in equimolar quantities. It is pre-ferred to employ a 1:1 molar ratio thereof. However, a slight excess tup to 10~) of either reactant can be em- ;
- 10 ployed. Where the alkylating agent is volatile at the temperatures used, such as is in the case of methyl chlor-ide, i~ is preferred to conduct the reaction in an auto-clave. Further, where the diketone selected is asymmet-rically substituted and R3 differs from R5 in the pyra-zole to be produced, a mixture of isomers will result from the above-described reaction scheme. In such event, it is generally expedient to employ the isomer mixture in the herbicidal processes of the present invention.
However, should any separation of the isomers be desired, it can be affected by conventional separation techniques, such as for example, fractional crystalli2ation.
In carrying out the above ring closure and alkylation reactions, it may be expedient to initially form a salt having an anion other than that which it is 2~ desired to employ in the herbicidal processes of the present invention. In such cases, the exchange in anion can be effected by treating the initially forMed salt with an ion exchange resln. Among the suitable ion ex-change resins, one can mention a strong base organic anion exchanger. Exemplary exchangers contemplate quat--:~7885~
1 ernary ammonium salts. Where the resin is supplied as the salt of an anion other than that desired, it is pre-treated with an aqueous solution of a salt of the desir-ed anion. For example, if the resin is supplled as a quaternary ammonium chloride and it is desired to pro-duce a pyrazolium nitrate, one would pretreat the resin with an aqueous solution of sodium nitrate.
Other optional subsequent modifications of the anion in the pyrazolium salt may be effected. For ex-ample. a pyrazolium chloride may be conveniently convert-ed to the corresponding bromide or iodide by treatment with sodium bromide or sodium iodide, in a solvent, such as acetone. A pyrazolium salt, such as the chloride, may be converted to the correspondlng perchlorate by treatment of an aqueous solution of said salt with per-chloric acid~ Thi& results in the preparation of the less soluble perchlorate salt.
In applying the formula (I) pyrazolium salts to the foliage of the undesirable plant species, the salts are preferably formulated as postemergence herbi-cidal compositlons by admixing a herbicidal adjuvant with a herbicidally effective amount of the salt. Suit-able adjuvants include one or more conventional solid or liquid carriers, diluents and formulation aids, particu-larly surfactant~. The salts may be formulated alone,in combination with each other or with other pecticidal agents. The water-miscible (or emulsifiable) concentrates discussed below are especially advanta~eous. The pres-ent invention lS fuxther directed thereto as well as to methods for their preparation and use.
_ g _ ~C178~5~
1 Application o-f the salts as dusts, dust con-centrates, wettable powders and water-miscible (or emuls-ifiable) compositions using conventional application equipment at rates of from 0.27 to 22.4 kg. of active (i.e. cation) per hectare are preferred.
Dusts are generally prepared by grinding to-gether about 1% to 25% by weight of the active agent with from about 99% to 75% by weight of a solid diluent such as kaolln, attapulgite, talc, p~ice, diatomaceous earth, fullers earth, wood flour, or the like. Dust concentrates are prepared in similar fashion excepting that about 25% to 95% by weight of -the active agent is ground with about 75% to 5% by weight of the diluent.
Wettable powders are prepared in the same man-ner as the dust concentrates excepting that about 1% to5% by weight of a surfactant, such as polyoxyethylated vegetable oil, alkyl phenoxy polyoxyethylene ethanol, is also blended with the formulation.
The water-miscible (or emulsifiable) concen-trates are prepared by dissolving from 15~ to 70% of thecompound in 85~ to 30% of a water-miscible salv~nt, such as water itself or another polar water-miscible solvent, such as 2-methoxyethanol, methanol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, formamide, and methylformamide. Application of the ma-terial is made by adding a predetermined quantity of the water-miscible (or emulsifiable) concentrate to a spray tank and applying as such or in combination with a suit-- able diluent, such as after addition of a further quantity of water or one of the above polar solvents.
: ' : . ..
8~350 1 The performance of the product in all of the above formulations, which are applied as liquid sprays, is unexpectedly improved by adding a surfactant or blend of surfactants. Conventional, nonionic surfactants may be employed.
Exemplary nonionic surfactants include alkyl polyoxyethylene ethers, polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monoolea~e, alkylarylpolyglycol ethers, alkyl phenol ethoxylates, trimethyl nonyl polyethylene glycol ethers, alkyl phenol ethylene oxide condensates, octyl phenoxy polyethoxy ethanols, nonylphenyl polyethylene glycol ethers, con-densates of polyoxy ethylenes, polyoxy propylenes, ali~
phatic polyethers, aliphatic polyesters, alkylaryl poly-oxyethylene glycols, and the like.
These surfactants are preferably added to thespray tank at the rate of 0.1% to 5% by volume to pro-vide good wetting of the spray solution on plant foliage.
The concentrates containing surfactants are preferably formulated as aqueous sprays containing ap-proximately 29% by weight of the appropriate salt, from about 26% to 50% by weight of water and the remainder of said for~ulation (26%-44% weight) of a selected surfact-ant. Surfactants, which have been used in preparing suitable surfactants containing concentrates, include an octylphenol ethylene oxide conden5ate, an ethanolic solution of an alkyl phenol ethoxylate, a polyglycolic ether condensate produced from ethylene oxide and an alkyl phenol and an alkyl aryl polyglycolic ether. Typ-ical formulations are (1) 28~6~ of a pyrazolium salt of ` ~7~385~
l the present invention, 22.0% of one of the above surfac-tants and 49.4% water; and (2) 28.6% of a pyrazolium salt of the present invention, 46.7% of one of the above surfactants and 24.7% water.
In control of wild oats, preferably about 4.68 liters, of the concentrate containing surfactant (l) would be admixed with 181 liters of water and applied as a dilute aqueous spray to cover l hectare of treated area. This spray solution would contain approximately 0.5~ by weight of the surEactant. Formulation (2) would preferably be used in a similar manner except that 4.68 liters of the formulation would be admixed with 374 liters of water and applied as the dilute aqueous spray to cover l hectare of treated area.
It is! of course, obvious that the formula-tions can be varied to provide dilute aqueous sprays containing from about O.l~ to 5.0% by weight of the sur-factant and an effective amount of the pyrazolium salt.
As previously noted, the water-miscible con-centrates of the present~invention are prepared by dis-solving 15~ to 70% of a pyrazolium salt of formula (I) in 85% to 30% of a water-miscible polar solvent. These compositions are unexpectedly improved with regard to their effectiveness by the further step of adding a sur-factant. Nonionic surfactants, especially those havinga hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of from ll to 16, are preferred. This conventional surfactant classifica-tion test is described, for example, at page 232 e-t seq of Emulsion Theory and Practice by Paul Becher, Rheinholt Publishing Corporation, second edition (1965); also avail-~' 7~3~SO
1 able as No . 162 in the American Chemical society's Mon~~
graph Series.
Preferred methods employ water as the solvent and above one of the pyrazolium salts defined by form-ula (i) above as the active ingredient.
These compositions are effective when applied at a rate sufficient to provide 0.27-22.4 kg./hectare of active ingredient (i.e. cation). Application at rates from about 0.56 kg. to 11.2 kg. per hectare of said ac-tive material are more preferred.
The present invention and preparation of thestarting materials therefor are illustrated by the fol-lowing examples. UnlesS otherwise indicated, all parts and percentages are by weight, in the following illus-tration and examples as well as in the claims and thediscussion above.
Example 1 Preparation of 2-Sodium-1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanedione Dibenzoylmethane (112.3 g., 0.5 mole) is dis~
solved in anhydrous diethyl ether (2 1.). The solution is stirred vigorously and sodium hydride (21.0 g., 0.5 mole) added in portions while maintaining the temperat-ure of the mixture between 7C. to 12C~ Upon comple-tion of the addition the reaction mixture is allowed`to stir for 3 hours. Additional anhydrous ether is added, the solid filtered off, reslurried in anhydrous ether, filtered and dried to give 109~0 g. (89%) of the sodium salt of 1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanedione.
Example 2 Preparation of 1,3-Dipheny~-2-pentyl-l~3-propanedione 1~71~8SV
1 n-Pentylbromlde (22.6 g., 0.15 mole) is added to an anhydrous solution of 2-sodium-1,3-diphenyl~1,3--propanedione (15.7 g., 0.064 mole) in DMF (150 ml.), then the reaction mixture is heated at 80C. to 90C.
for 5 days. The reaction mixture is cooled, poured into ice water, stirred for 1 hour, and extracted with chloro-form (3 x 75 ml.). Evaporation of the chloroform layer gives an oil which is crystallized from 95% ethanol to give 3.7 g. (20%) of product, m.p. 68.5C. to 69.5C.
~nalysiS calculated for C2oH222 C, 81 H, 7.53. Found: C, 81.50; H, 7.63.
Example 3 Preparation of 2~Benzyl-1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanedione Benzylbromide (25.6 g., 0.15 mole) is added to a partial solution of 2-sodium-1,3-diphenyl-1,3-pro-panedione (15.7 g., 0.064 mole) in dry acetone (200 ml.).
The reaction mixture is stirred at reflux for 39 hours, cooled and poured into ice water (600 ml.). The result-ing suspension is filtered, the collected solid is dried and recrystallized from 95% ethanol to give 14.6 g. (75%) of product, m.p. 102C. to 103C.
Analysis calculated for C22H18O2: C, H, 5.77. Found: C, 83.35; H, 5.89.
Exa~ple 4 Employing the procedure of Example 3, above, the following 2-substituted, 1,3~diphenyl-1,3-propane-diones are prepared:
:.
~ C-CH- ~
R Melting Point C
5 . 4 , - - _ C2H5 8~-84 n-C~H7 61-62 i-C3H7 81-82 C~2-CH-CH2 64-65 o CH2-C-OC~H5 82-8~
5 11 68.5-69c5 . Example 5 Preparation of 3,5-~phenyl-4-ethyl-1-methylpyrazole .
Methylhydrazine (2.86 g., 0.06 mole) is added to an isopropanol (100 ml.) solution of 1,3-dipheny,1-2--ethyl-1,3-propanedione (ll.O g., 0.044 mole) with con-stant stirring at 80C.- The reaction mixture is heated at reflux for 3 1/2 hours, then stirred at room temper-ature overnight. The reaction mixture is poured into ice-water, stirred for 1/2 hour, and the resulting mix-ture extracted with chloroform (3 x 50 ml.). Evapora-tion of the organic layer gives an oil,~which is crystal-lized from hexane with cooling to give 6.47 g. (56~) of product, m.p. 80C. to 81C.
Analysis calculated for C18H18W2: C~
H, 6.92; N, 10.68. Found: C, 82.35; H, 7.09; N, 10.75 - , .. , , . .. : . ~ .
0713B53:~
1 Example 6 Following the procedure of Example 5, above, the followin~ additional pyrazoles are prepared:
S ~ 14 N
R~ Meltin~_Point C
n-C H7 74-75 _ 3 7 oil CH -C~H 159-161 CH2-CH=CH2 79,5-80.5 0 oil Il` oil CH2 ~3 110 '~;
, Example 7 reparation of 3,5-Diphenyl-1,2,4-trimethylpyrazolium methyl sulfate Dimethylsulfate (7.5 g., 0.06 mole) is added to an anhydrous toluene (100 ml.) solution of 1,4-di-methyl-3,5-diphenylpyrazole (10 g., 0.04 mole) at 80C.
with stirring. The reaction mixture is stirred at 100C.
for 3 hours, cooled and a hygroscopic solid removed by filtration. The solid is dissolved in chloroform and ether is added to the solution gradually. The first fraction which precipitates is extremely hygroscopic, .
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methyl sulfate; total yield of product 12.6 g. t72%).
A 5.0 g. portion of the product is dissolved in water, the solution filtered and the filtrate treated with saturated sodium iodide solution. The precipitate is filtered off at 10C., air dried and then redissolved in warm water. The aqueous solution is extracted with ether, then with chloroform. The chloroform layer is evaporated, the residual oil triturated with ether to af-ford 2.8 g~ (54%) of the iodide salt of the above pyra-z~lium compound as a white solid, m.p. 196C. to 196.5C.
Similarly, a 3.0 g. portion of the pyrazolium methyl sulfate is dissolved in water, the solution filt-ered and treated with dilute perchloric acid; the precipi-tate formed is filtered, washed with water and dried to yield 2.5 g. (85%) of the perchlorate salt of the above pyrazolium compound.
Similarly prepared are:
1,2-Dimethyl~3,5-diphenyl-4-ethylpyrazolium methyl sul-fate, m.p. 115C. to 118C.;
1,2-Dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-4-n-propylpyrazolium perchlor-ate, m.p. 134C. to 135C.;
1,2-Dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-4-i-prOpylpyrazolium perchlor-ate, m.p. 149C. to 150C.;1,2-Dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-4-n-pentylpyrazolium perchlor-ate, m.p. 51C. to 52.5C.;
1,2-Dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-4-t2-propynyl)pyrazolium hy-drogen sulfate, m.p. 145~C. to 151C.; ~ -4-Allyl-1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenylpyrazolium hydrogen - 17 - ;~
.. .. . .. .
71~350 --1 sulfate, wax;
4-(Carboxymethyl)-1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenylpyrazolium iodidel~ ethyl ester; m.p. 148C. to 149C.;
~'~
L ~ j 4-Benzyl-1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenylpyrazolium hydrogen sulfate, m.p. 244C. to 264C.;
4-Benzyl-1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenylpyrazolium perchlor-ate, m.p. 180C~ to 180.5C.
Example 8 Preparation of 3,5-Dicyclohexyl-1,4-dime~lpyrazole Methylhydrazine (1.0 g., 0.022 mole) is added at 60C.-70C. with stirring to an isopropanol (200 ml.) ~ -solution of 1~3-dicyclohexyl-2-methyl-1~3-propanedione (5.0 g., 0.02 mole) having a m.p. of 36C.-37C. and prepared by the procedure of Example 3 above. The reac-tion is heated at reflux for 4 hours, then cooled, water ~300 ml.) added and the resulting solid filtered off.
The solid is dissolved in anhydrous toluene, methyl hy-drazine (1.0 g., 0.022 mole) added and the reaction mix-ture heated at 90C. for 4 hours. Then additional methyl hydrazine (1.0 g., 0.022 mole) is added and heating con-tinued for 3 hours. The reaction mixture is cooled. The solvent removed on a rotary evaporator and the resulting solid crystallized from hexane/benzene to give 1.7 g.
(32%) of the desired product, m.p. 120C. to 122C.
Analysis calculated for C17H28N2: , H, 10.84; N, 10.76. Found: C, 78.38; H, 10.91; N, 10.76.
Example 9 Preparation of 3,5-Dicyclohexyl-1,2,4-trime hylpyrazolLum methyl sulfate Dimethyl sulfate (1.26 g., 0.01 mole) is added ` 1~7~850 1 to an anhydrous toluene (50 ml.) solution of 3,5-dicyclo-hexyl-1,4-dimethylpyrazole (1.7 g., 0.0064 mole) with constant stirring at 80C. The reaction mixture is then heated to reflux and maintained at reflux, with stirringt for 6 hours, The reaction mixture is cooled, ether (75 ml.) is added and the mixture stirred for 3 hours. The resulting solid is filtered and dried to give 1.8 g. of the desirPd product, m.p. 176C. ~o 177C.
Analysis calculated for ClgH34N204S: C, 59.04;
H, 8.87; N, 7.25; S, 8.30. Found: C, 59.62; H, 9.54;
N, 7.21; S, 8.04.
Example 10 The preemergence activity of the compounds of the present invention is demonstrated by the following tests, wherein a 50/50 acetone/water (v/v) mixture and sufficient test compound to provide the amount per hec-tare of said compound as indicated in Table I when the mixture is applied to pots planted with seeds or propa-gules of test plant species~
The pots are prepared the day of herbicide treatment by pu~tting 100 ml. of soil in each plastic pot as a base, then morningglory and wild oat seeds are plac-ed on this base and covered with 50 ml. (1 cm. to 1.37 cm.) of soil. Seeds of the other 8 plant species identi-fied below are separately mixed with soil and 50 ml. of the soil seed mix added to the pot. The pots are then ~amped lightly to level the soil and the soil i9 wetted with water prior to herbicide application. This pre-wetting insures that the subsequently applied herbicide ;~
treatment solution spreads evenly over the surface of the ' - 19 - ::
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Each o~ the 10 weed species is contained in a separate pot. The pots are then arranged in 25.4 x 30.4 cm.
flats prior to chemical treatment. -The planted pots are treated with 5 ml. of test solution and then placed on benches in the green-house. Pots are watered after treatment as needed and held in the greenhouse for 3 weeks at which time the re-sults are recorded, as reported in Table I below.
Plant Species Used in Preemergence Herbicide Evaluation .
Common Name Abbrevia-tion Sclentific Name Lambsquarters LA Chenopodium album Wild Mustard MU Brassica kaber Pigweed PI Amaranthus retroflexus 15 Ragweed RW ~mbrosia artemisiifolia Morningglory MG Ipomoca purpurea Barnyardgrass BA Echinochloa crusgalli Crabgrass CR Digitaria sanguinalis Green Foxtail FO -Setaria yiridis 20 Wild Oats WO Avena fatua Velvetleaf VL Abutilon theophrasti - Wheat ~ WH Triticum vulgare Rice RI Oryza sativa The rating system used in the evaluation of the experimental data is given below:
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0 - No effect 1 - Possible effect 1-10 2 - Slight effect 11-25
3 - Moderate effect 26-40 5 - Deflnite injury 41-60 6 ~ Herbicidal effect 61-75 7 - ~ood herbicidal effect 76-go 8 - Approaching complete kill 91-99 9 - Complete kill 100
4 - Abnormal growth, that is, a definite physiological malformation but with an over all effect less than 5 on the ratin~ scale.
15 * Based on visual determination of stand, size, vigor, : chlorosis, growth malformation and over-all plant - appearance.
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1 Example 11 The postemergence herbicidal activity of the compounds of the present invention is demonstrated by the following tests, wherein a variety of monocotyledon-ous and dicotyledonous plants are treated with test com-pounds dispersed in aqueous acetone mixtures. In the tests, seedling plants arP grown in jiffy flats for about 2 weeks. The test compounds are dispersed in 50/50 acetone/water (v/v) mixtures containing 0.5% TWEEN~ 20, a polyoxyethylene (2) sorbitan monolaurate surfactant by Atlas Chemical Industries, in sufficient quantity ~o provide the amount per hectare of active compound as in-.
dicated in Table II.when applied to the plants through a spray nozzle operating at 2.8 kg. per cm2 pressure for a predetermined time. After spraying, the plants are placed on greenhouse benches and cared for in the usual manner, commensurate with conventional greenhouse practices. Two weeks after treatment, the seedling , plants, with the exception of wild oats which are rated :. : 20 at 5 weeks, are examined and rated according to the rat-, .ingIsystem provided in Example 10.
. .The plant species used in the postemergence .
:herbicide activity evaluation are the same as those used .
in the .preemergence herbicide evaluation test and are listed in Example 10. The results are reported in Table II. .
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78~50 1 Example 12 To determine the effectiveness of the 4-sub-stituted 1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenylpyrazolium salts as fungicidal agents a variety of pathogenic fungi, host plants and salts are used in the ~ollowing tests. Path-ogents, host plants, the method of testing and the rat-ing system used are reported below along with the data obtained.
Pathogens:
Piricularia oryzae Cavara, the rice blast pathogen.
Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint. which causes apple scab.
Erysiphe clchoracearum`DC, the cause of powd~ry mildew on cucurbits.
Podosphaera leucotricha (E. & E.) Salm., the cause of powdery mildew of apples and pears.
Erysiphe graminis f. sp~ tritici the cause of powdery mildew on wheat.
Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei the cause of powdery mildew on barley.
Host Plants:
.
Rice (~y__ sativa)(Cv. Nato) Cucumber (Cuc mis satlvus) (Cv. Marketer) Apple (Malus s~lvestris) (Seedling) Wheat (Triticum aestivum Cv. Bonanza) :
Barley (Hordeum vulgare Cv. Larker) ~ Plants are individually ~rown in 5.08 cm.
peat squares and assembled in 7.62 cm. x 25.4 cm. press-ed fibre flats the week pxior to spraying. With excep-~tion of rice, barley and wheat, a single specimen of each species is used. A separate flat is used for those 1 plants in the mildew evaluation. The complete test sys-tem is shown below:
series 1 Series 2 :
Rice: Rice Blast Apple: Powdery Mildew S Apple: Apple Scab Cucumber: Powdery Mildew Wheat: Powdery Mildew Barley: Powdery Mildew Spray solutions are prepared at a final con-centration of 100 ppm. or 500 ppm. in 50 ml. of 50%
aqueous aeetone. Acetone is added to solubilize the compound and solutions made to final volume with deion-ized water.
Two flats with plants for each treatment, one each from Series 1 and 2 (see above), are sprayed simul-taneously on a turntable with 50 ml. of the test solu-tion. Spray is provided by two fixed Spraying System Company nozzles mounted to deliver vertical and hori-zontal solid cone spray patterns. Immediately there-after, all plants are returned to the greenhouse to permit the deposit to dry. After the plants have dried, Series 1 and 2 are separately inoculated. Plants in Series 1 are inoculated with conidial suspensions of the respective pathogens using a DeVilbiss paint sprayer op-erated at air pressure 0.28-0.42 kg./cm2 and immediately transferred to a controlled temperature/humidity cab-inet (ambient temperature, RH. 95~. Plants in Series 2 are dusted with respective powdery mildew conidia and then removed to the controlled environment plant culture room (10 hours light, 22C., RH. 45%~ to await disease development. Plants in Series 1 are held 4 days ln the : ' . " " ' .
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Performance Rating:
All plants are rated for disease severity on a scale of 1 to 7 (clean to kill), as described below:
Rating Description 1 Clean 2 Trace disease 3 Slight disease 4 Moderate disease Heavy disease 6 Severe disease 7 Kill In the accompanying tables of results, the numerical rating is used for clarity.
Data obtained are reported in Tables III and IV below. The ratings reported represent data obtained from one or more individual tests. Where more than one test has been conducted the ratings are averaged and reported as a single value rating. For each table, there is also provided a rating value for the checks em-ployed. It is, of course, obvious that the lower the value, the more effective the disease controlO When a superscript is used in the table with a rating, it in-dicates some phytotoxicity. The legends, "S" meansslightj "M" means moderate, and "SV" means severe phyto-toxicity. Data are reported for minimum effective levels at which compounds are evaluated.
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1 Example 11 The postemergence herbicidal activity of the compounds of the present invention is demonstrated by the following tests, wherein a variety of monocotyledon-ous and dicotyledonous plants are treated with test com-pounds dispersed in aqueous acetone mixtures. In the tests, seedling plants arP grown in jiffy flats for about 2 weeks. The test compounds are dispersed in 50/50 acetone/water (v/v) mixtures containing 0.5% TWEEN~ 20, a polyoxyethylene (2) sorbitan monolaurate surfactant by Atlas Chemical Industries, in sufficient quantity ~o provide the amount per hectare of active compound as in-.
dicated in Table II.when applied to the plants through a spray nozzle operating at 2.8 kg. per cm2 pressure for a predetermined time. After spraying, the plants are placed on greenhouse benches and cared for in the usual manner, commensurate with conventional greenhouse practices. Two weeks after treatment, the seedling , plants, with the exception of wild oats which are rated :. : 20 at 5 weeks, are examined and rated according to the rat-, .ingIsystem provided in Example 10.
. .The plant species used in the postemergence .
:herbicide activity evaluation are the same as those used .
in the .preemergence herbicide evaluation test and are listed in Example 10. The results are reported in Table II. .
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78~50 1 Example 12 To determine the effectiveness of the 4-sub-stituted 1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenylpyrazolium salts as fungicidal agents a variety of pathogenic fungi, host plants and salts are used in the ~ollowing tests. Path-ogents, host plants, the method of testing and the rat-ing system used are reported below along with the data obtained.
Pathogens:
Piricularia oryzae Cavara, the rice blast pathogen.
Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint. which causes apple scab.
Erysiphe clchoracearum`DC, the cause of powd~ry mildew on cucurbits.
Podosphaera leucotricha (E. & E.) Salm., the cause of powdery mildew of apples and pears.
Erysiphe graminis f. sp~ tritici the cause of powdery mildew on wheat.
Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei the cause of powdery mildew on barley.
Host Plants:
.
Rice (~y__ sativa)(Cv. Nato) Cucumber (Cuc mis satlvus) (Cv. Marketer) Apple (Malus s~lvestris) (Seedling) Wheat (Triticum aestivum Cv. Bonanza) :
Barley (Hordeum vulgare Cv. Larker) ~ Plants are individually ~rown in 5.08 cm.
peat squares and assembled in 7.62 cm. x 25.4 cm. press-ed fibre flats the week pxior to spraying. With excep-~tion of rice, barley and wheat, a single specimen of each species is used. A separate flat is used for those 1 plants in the mildew evaluation. The complete test sys-tem is shown below:
series 1 Series 2 :
Rice: Rice Blast Apple: Powdery Mildew S Apple: Apple Scab Cucumber: Powdery Mildew Wheat: Powdery Mildew Barley: Powdery Mildew Spray solutions are prepared at a final con-centration of 100 ppm. or 500 ppm. in 50 ml. of 50%
aqueous aeetone. Acetone is added to solubilize the compound and solutions made to final volume with deion-ized water.
Two flats with plants for each treatment, one each from Series 1 and 2 (see above), are sprayed simul-taneously on a turntable with 50 ml. of the test solu-tion. Spray is provided by two fixed Spraying System Company nozzles mounted to deliver vertical and hori-zontal solid cone spray patterns. Immediately there-after, all plants are returned to the greenhouse to permit the deposit to dry. After the plants have dried, Series 1 and 2 are separately inoculated. Plants in Series 1 are inoculated with conidial suspensions of the respective pathogens using a DeVilbiss paint sprayer op-erated at air pressure 0.28-0.42 kg./cm2 and immediately transferred to a controlled temperature/humidity cab-inet (ambient temperature, RH. 95~. Plants in Series 2 are dusted with respective powdery mildew conidia and then removed to the controlled environment plant culture room (10 hours light, 22C., RH. 45%~ to await disease development. Plants in Series 1 are held 4 days ln the : ' . " " ' .
.
1.
.
.
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1 cabinet, then transferred to the greenhouse to await disease expression.
Performance Rating:
All plants are rated for disease severity on a scale of 1 to 7 (clean to kill), as described below:
Rating Description 1 Clean 2 Trace disease 3 Slight disease 4 Moderate disease Heavy disease 6 Severe disease 7 Kill In the accompanying tables of results, the numerical rating is used for clarity.
Data obtained are reported in Tables III and IV below. The ratings reported represent data obtained from one or more individual tests. Where more than one test has been conducted the ratings are averaged and reported as a single value rating. For each table, there is also provided a rating value for the checks em-ployed. It is, of course, obvious that the lower the value, the more effective the disease controlO When a superscript is used in the table with a rating, it in-dicates some phytotoxicity. The legends, "S" meansslightj "M" means moderate, and "SV" means severe phyto-toxicity. Data are reported for minimum effective levels at which compounds are evaluated.
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Claims (17)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A compound having the formula:
wherein R is alkyl C2-C5, allyl, propargyl, benzyl or carbethoxymethyl;
X represents an anion having a charge of from 1 to 3; and m represents an integer from 1 to 3.
wherein R is alkyl C2-C5, allyl, propargyl, benzyl or carbethoxymethyl;
X represents an anion having a charge of from 1 to 3; and m represents an integer from 1 to 3.
2. 4-Benzyl-1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenylpyrazolium hydrogen sul-fate.
3. 4-Benzyl-1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenylpyrazolium perchlorate.
4. 4-(Carboxymethyl)-1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenylpyrazolium iodide ethyl ester.
5. 1,2-Dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-4-ethylpyrazolium methyl sulfate.
6. 1,2-Dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-4-ethylpyrazolium methylsulfate/hydrogen sulfate (1:1).
7. 1,2-Dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-4-n-pentylpyrazolium perchlorate.
8. 1,2-Dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-4-n-propylpyrazolium perchlorate.
9. 1,2-Dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-4-i-propylpyrazolium perchlorate.
10. 4-Allyl-1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenylpyrazolium hydrogen sulfate.
11. 1,2-Dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-4-(2-propynyl)pyrazolium hydrogen sulfate.
12. A method for controlling fungi comprising contacting said fungi with a fungicidally effective amount of a compound as defined in claim 1.
13. A method for controlling undesirable plant species comprising applying to foliage of said species or to soil containing seeds of said species a herbicidally effective amount of a compound as defined in claim 1.
14. A method according to claim 12 or 13 wherein the cation of said compound is the 3,5-diphenyl-1,2,4-trimethylpyrazolium moiety, and the anion is selected from the group consisting of iodide, methylsulfate and perchlorate.
15. A method according to claim 12 wherein said compound is con-tacted with the fungi in the form of a liquid spray containing 50 ppm. to 500 ppm. of said compound.
16. A method according to claim 13 wherein said compound is applied in the form of a liquid spray containing 50 ppm. to 500 ppm. of said compound.
17. A method according to claim 12 or 13 wherein said compound is selected from 4-benzyl-1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenylpyrazolium hydrogen sul-fate, 4-benzyl-1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenylpyrazolium perchlorate, 4-(carboxy-methyl)-1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenylpyrazolium iodide ethyl ester, 1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-4-ethylpyrazolium methyl sulfate, 1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-4-ethylpyrazolium methylsulfate/hydrogen sulfate (1:1), 1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-4-n-pentyl-pyrazolium perchlorate, 1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-4-n-propylpyrazolium per-chlorate, 1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-4-i-propylpyrazolium perchlorate, 4-allyl-1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenylpyrazolium hydrogen sulfate, and 1,2-di-methyl-3,5-diphenyl-4-(2-propynyl)pyrazolium hydrogen sulfate.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US05/574,068 US4017298A (en) | 1975-05-02 | 1975-05-02 | 1,2,4-Trialkyl-3,5-diphenylpyrazolium salts as herbicides |
US05/574,067 US3958001A (en) | 1975-05-02 | 1975-05-02 | 4-Alkyl-1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenylpyrazolium salts and derivatives thereof as fungicidal agents |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA1078850A true CA1078850A (en) | 1980-06-03 |
Family
ID=27076277
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA250,620A Expired CA1078850A (en) | 1975-05-02 | 1976-04-21 | Diphenylpyrazolium salts as herbicides and fungicides |
Country Status (19)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS51133265A (en) |
AR (1) | AR217400A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU503523B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1078850A (en) |
CS (1) | CS191170B2 (en) |
DD (1) | DD127656A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE2618421A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK194476A (en) |
ES (1) | ES447515A1 (en) |
FI (1) | FI761159A (en) |
FR (1) | FR2309539A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1543338A (en) |
IL (1) | IL49410A (en) |
IT (1) | IT1060500B (en) |
NL (1) | NL7604597A (en) |
PL (1) | PL107282B1 (en) |
SE (1) | SE7605011L (en) |
SU (1) | SU683601A3 (en) |
TR (1) | TR18655A (en) |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3818096A (en) * | 1972-04-12 | 1974-06-18 | Schering Corp | Compositions of 1,2-dilower alkyl arylpyrazolium quaternary salts and method of lowering blood sugar levels with same |
DE2404795C2 (en) * | 1974-02-01 | 1983-03-24 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | 1,2-Dimethyl-3,5-diphenylpyrazolium salts and their use as herbicides |
DE2524853A1 (en) * | 1975-06-04 | 1976-12-09 | Vulkan Werk Gmbh | PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING POLES, IN PARTICULAR LIGHTING POLES |
-
1976
- 1976-04-13 IL IL49410A patent/IL49410A/en unknown
- 1976-04-14 AU AU12987/76A patent/AU503523B2/en not_active Expired
- 1976-04-21 CA CA250,620A patent/CA1078850A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-04-22 AR AR262970A patent/AR217400A1/en active
- 1976-04-22 GB GB16439/76A patent/GB1543338A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-04-27 FI FI761159A patent/FI761159A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1976-04-27 DE DE19762618421 patent/DE2618421A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1976-04-29 CS CS762833A patent/CS191170B2/en unknown
- 1976-04-29 TR TR18655A patent/TR18655A/en unknown
- 1976-04-29 FR FR7612809A patent/FR2309539A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1976-04-29 NL NL7604597A patent/NL7604597A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1976-04-30 DD DD192622A patent/DD127656A5/xx unknown
- 1976-04-30 PL PL1976189201A patent/PL107282B1/en unknown
- 1976-04-30 DK DK194476A patent/DK194476A/en unknown
- 1976-04-30 SE SE7605011A patent/SE7605011L/en unknown
- 1976-04-30 ES ES447515A patent/ES447515A1/en not_active Expired
- 1976-04-30 IT IT49288/76A patent/IT1060500B/en active
- 1976-04-30 SU SU762354750A patent/SU683601A3/en active
- 1976-05-04 JP JP51050052A patent/JPS51133265A/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SE7605011L (en) | 1976-11-03 |
DD127656A5 (en) | 1977-10-05 |
IL49410A (en) | 1980-06-30 |
TR18655A (en) | 1977-06-23 |
JPS51133265A (en) | 1976-11-18 |
GB1543338A (en) | 1979-04-04 |
IL49410A0 (en) | 1976-06-30 |
NL7604597A (en) | 1976-11-04 |
AR217400A1 (en) | 1980-03-31 |
PL107282B1 (en) | 1980-02-29 |
SU683601A3 (en) | 1979-08-30 |
ES447515A1 (en) | 1977-11-01 |
FR2309539A1 (en) | 1976-11-26 |
AU503523B2 (en) | 1979-09-06 |
DE2618421A1 (en) | 1976-11-18 |
CS191170B2 (en) | 1979-06-29 |
IT1060500B (en) | 1982-08-20 |
DK194476A (en) | 1976-11-03 |
AU1298776A (en) | 1977-10-20 |
FI761159A (en) | 1976-11-03 |
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