CA1076822A - Foundation pile - Google Patents
Foundation pileInfo
- Publication number
- CA1076822A CA1076822A CA299,876A CA299876A CA1076822A CA 1076822 A CA1076822 A CA 1076822A CA 299876 A CA299876 A CA 299876A CA 1076822 A CA1076822 A CA 1076822A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- pipe
- pile
- pipes
- sleeve
- annular space
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Landscapes
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure.
A pile which is to be set into a hole excavated below the permafrost level in the ground, comprising a prefabricated plastic pipe which con-stitutes a permanent formwork for a cast concrete pile. A second pipe surrounds coaxially the plastic pipe dimensioned such that an annular space is formed between the two pipes. The annular space between the two coaxial pipes is filled by a sleeve of elastic material, preferably plastic foam. The sleeve is slideable relative to at least one of the adjacent pipes, and preferably, relative to both pipes.
A pile which is to be set into a hole excavated below the permafrost level in the ground, comprising a prefabricated plastic pipe which con-stitutes a permanent formwork for a cast concrete pile. A second pipe surrounds coaxially the plastic pipe dimensioned such that an annular space is formed between the two pipes. The annular space between the two coaxial pipes is filled by a sleeve of elastic material, preferably plastic foam. The sleeve is slideable relative to at least one of the adjacent pipes, and preferably, relative to both pipes.
Description
~07ti8~2 The present invention relates to a founda-tion pile which is set into a hole excavated below to a permafrost level in the ground, comprising a pre-fabricated plastic pipe which constitutes a permanent formwork for the cast concrete pile, and including a second pipe coaxially surrounding the plastic pipe such that an annular space is formed between the two pipes, Piles of the above type are used as founda-. --1--,, . : : . : :. . . - : .: .:.- ~ . .
.: , ., , , , .: . . . : i.: -~ :: ; :~
~7~822 tions to support buildings, installations and the like. Even though the piles are installed below the permafrost level, the permafrost still exercises a lifting effect on the piles in winter. Erost heave is a well known phenomenon, and occurs because as the moist ground mass free~es, it expands upward in the direction of least resistance. As the frozen ground mass expands and moves upward, it pulls the piles up with lt. The ground mass at the bottom end of the plles, which is below the permafrost level, slides into the space thus vacated beneath the lower end of the pile, with the result that the pile remains permanently in the heaved position.
Norwegian Patent Publication No. 115,378 discloses a method of constructing columns for house foundations, utilizing a prefabricated, permanent formwork for a cast concrete pile, where the material of the formwork, e.g., plastic, has the property that it does not adhere to the hardened concrete. The idea is that the frozen earth will exert pressure on the formwork pipe and lift it independent of the concrete pile. However, the external pressure on the pipe is of very great magnitude, and the pipe must be extremely strong in order to be able to withstand the pressure.
US patent No. 3.630.037 dlsclosed a plle coaxially surrounded by an elastic, compressible sleeve : :- :. . .: , . . : ,: :, . . - . . - . - . . .
. :. : . : . - , : - , . ... . .
~768;2Z
whose diameter is such that an annular space is formed between the pile and the sleeve. The I annular space is sealed at both ends and filled with a non-freezing liquid. The idea is that when the earth freezes, it can expand inward toward the pile, in that the antifreeze liquid is pressed out of the annular spaceu There is thus no significant pressure against the pile itself. However, this type of arrangement is quite expensive, and will be very vulnerable to leaks in the fluid system.
j The purpose of the present invention is ! to provide an arrangement for piles set into the ground whereby the effects of frost heave are eli-minated insofar as is possible, and the pile is inexpensive to produce and robust in use, such that no speciaL maintenance or supervision is required.
This is achieved according to the invention by a pile structure for installation in a hole excavated below the permafrost level in the ground, j comprislng a prefabricated plastic pipe as a penma-! nent formwork for the cast concrete pile, and includ-ing a second pipe coaxially surrounding the plastic pipe such that an annular space is formed between the two pipes, the inven~ion being characterized in j ~ that the annular space between the two coaxlal pipes ! is filled by a sleeve of elastic material, preferably ~ -3-:, ,, . , . , . , .. , ,. . . . . , . ... ;.. ., . ~ .. ., . ".~, ", : , . . .
.: :: ;:: ::: :: -: ; - : ~ : . . i - . ... : : , :
plastic foam (pore plastlc), the sleeve being slide-able relative to at least one of the pipes, and preferably, relative to both pipes.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the sleeve in the annular space is dimensioned such that it exerts a pressure against the adjacent pipe walls of the two pipes.
According to the invention, a foot on the pile is obtained in a simple manner, in that the outer pipe extends a distance beyond the lower end of the inner pipe, while the sleeve terminates at the same depth as the inner pipe, such that when the pile is cast, a foot having the same diameter as the internal diameter of the outer pipe is obtained. The sleeve can advantageously be made of polyurethane foam. A
practical material for the two pipes is hard poly-etylene.
The invention will be described ln more detail in the following with reference to the drawings, j where ` ~ Figure 1 shows a conventional pile cast below the permafrost level, under summer conditions.
Figuxe 2 shows the pile of Figure 1 under winter conditions.
¦ Figure 3 shows a pile made in accordance ! with the lnvention, under summer conditions. -~
, -4-,' -... . ,, ,,.-, . -~ .. , ~ .... . . . - .
~ ~7682Z
Figure 4 shows the pile of Figure 3 under ¦ winter conditions.
! On Figure 1, a conventional pile 1 has been - dug down or cast in the ground 2 to a depth below the permafrost level 3. The pile is shown under summer conditions and is not affected by heaving.
On Figure 2, the pile of Figure 1 has been affected by frost heave, and it can be seen that the ground mass has been pressed upwards, forming a small mound 4 around the pile 1. The direction of force is ! also shown by the arrows 5. Once the pile has been raised, sand and gravel will have a tendency to slide down into the space 6 vacated at the bottom of the pile, such that the pile remains permanently in the heaved position.
¦ Figure 3 shows the pile of the invention. It comprises a formwork pipe 7 of a plastic material, e.g., hard polyethylene. A second plastic pipe 8, also pre-ferably of hard polyethylene, is disposed coaxially outside the pipe 7. The internal diameter of the pipe 8 is such that an annular space 9 ls formed between the inner pipe 7 and outer pipe 8. As can be seen on the drawlng, the lower end of the outer plpe 8 projects a distance beyond the lower end of the plastic pipe 7.
¦ In the annular space 9 between pipes 7 and 8, a sleeve 1 10 of polyurethane foam has been inserted. The sleeve .. .. .,.. , .,. . .~, .. ,;. . :: .
, ; . .. : : : . . :. :. -. : .: , :: . : : ., . -.
. . ::. : . .... -. . .: : . .
1~76822 is dimensioned such that it is force-fitted between the exterior of pipe 7 and the interior of pipe 8.
The lower end of the sleeve 10 is at the same depth as the pipe 7. As seen on Figure 3, the pipe 8 and sleeve 10 can be terminated a distance below the top of the inner pipe 7, such that an offset 11 is formed.
The offset 11 is flush with the ground level 12. The unit, comprising the pipe 7, sleeve 10 and pipe 8, is positioned in a hole 13 in the ground, and concrete is poured into the upper opening of the pipe 7. Because the inner pipe 7 and sleeve 10 do not extend down as far as the lower end of the outer pipe 8, a foot 14 will be formed during the casting.
Flgure 4 shows the pile of the invention under winter conditions. The f~rces in the frozen earth operate in a more horizontal direction (shown) by the arrows 15) and cause very little lifting 16 of the ground. The reason or this ls that the earth can expand in a horizontal direction, compressing the elastic sleeve 10 and pipe 8 in toward the pipe 7.
Because the earth freezes first at the surface 12, the upper portion of the pipe 8 will be compressed into a somewhat conical shape~ the cone pointing upward. In this way, a heave effect is further reduced, in that one obtalns a downwardly-directed component of force.
The concrete pile 17 will thus remain unaffected by the frost heave.
,.. . . , 1 . ~ '; , ', ; . , ~ ' , . : ~
.: , ., , , , .: . . . : i.: -~ :: ; :~
~7~822 tions to support buildings, installations and the like. Even though the piles are installed below the permafrost level, the permafrost still exercises a lifting effect on the piles in winter. Erost heave is a well known phenomenon, and occurs because as the moist ground mass free~es, it expands upward in the direction of least resistance. As the frozen ground mass expands and moves upward, it pulls the piles up with lt. The ground mass at the bottom end of the plles, which is below the permafrost level, slides into the space thus vacated beneath the lower end of the pile, with the result that the pile remains permanently in the heaved position.
Norwegian Patent Publication No. 115,378 discloses a method of constructing columns for house foundations, utilizing a prefabricated, permanent formwork for a cast concrete pile, where the material of the formwork, e.g., plastic, has the property that it does not adhere to the hardened concrete. The idea is that the frozen earth will exert pressure on the formwork pipe and lift it independent of the concrete pile. However, the external pressure on the pipe is of very great magnitude, and the pipe must be extremely strong in order to be able to withstand the pressure.
US patent No. 3.630.037 dlsclosed a plle coaxially surrounded by an elastic, compressible sleeve : :- :. . .: , . . : ,: :, . . - . . - . - . . .
. :. : . : . - , : - , . ... . .
~768;2Z
whose diameter is such that an annular space is formed between the pile and the sleeve. The I annular space is sealed at both ends and filled with a non-freezing liquid. The idea is that when the earth freezes, it can expand inward toward the pile, in that the antifreeze liquid is pressed out of the annular spaceu There is thus no significant pressure against the pile itself. However, this type of arrangement is quite expensive, and will be very vulnerable to leaks in the fluid system.
j The purpose of the present invention is ! to provide an arrangement for piles set into the ground whereby the effects of frost heave are eli-minated insofar as is possible, and the pile is inexpensive to produce and robust in use, such that no speciaL maintenance or supervision is required.
This is achieved according to the invention by a pile structure for installation in a hole excavated below the permafrost level in the ground, j comprislng a prefabricated plastic pipe as a penma-! nent formwork for the cast concrete pile, and includ-ing a second pipe coaxially surrounding the plastic pipe such that an annular space is formed between the two pipes, the inven~ion being characterized in j ~ that the annular space between the two coaxlal pipes ! is filled by a sleeve of elastic material, preferably ~ -3-:, ,, . , . , . , .. , ,. . . . . , . ... ;.. ., . ~ .. ., . ".~, ", : , . . .
.: :: ;:: ::: :: -: ; - : ~ : . . i - . ... : : , :
plastic foam (pore plastlc), the sleeve being slide-able relative to at least one of the pipes, and preferably, relative to both pipes.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the sleeve in the annular space is dimensioned such that it exerts a pressure against the adjacent pipe walls of the two pipes.
According to the invention, a foot on the pile is obtained in a simple manner, in that the outer pipe extends a distance beyond the lower end of the inner pipe, while the sleeve terminates at the same depth as the inner pipe, such that when the pile is cast, a foot having the same diameter as the internal diameter of the outer pipe is obtained. The sleeve can advantageously be made of polyurethane foam. A
practical material for the two pipes is hard poly-etylene.
The invention will be described ln more detail in the following with reference to the drawings, j where ` ~ Figure 1 shows a conventional pile cast below the permafrost level, under summer conditions.
Figuxe 2 shows the pile of Figure 1 under winter conditions.
¦ Figure 3 shows a pile made in accordance ! with the lnvention, under summer conditions. -~
, -4-,' -... . ,, ,,.-, . -~ .. , ~ .... . . . - .
~ ~7682Z
Figure 4 shows the pile of Figure 3 under ¦ winter conditions.
! On Figure 1, a conventional pile 1 has been - dug down or cast in the ground 2 to a depth below the permafrost level 3. The pile is shown under summer conditions and is not affected by heaving.
On Figure 2, the pile of Figure 1 has been affected by frost heave, and it can be seen that the ground mass has been pressed upwards, forming a small mound 4 around the pile 1. The direction of force is ! also shown by the arrows 5. Once the pile has been raised, sand and gravel will have a tendency to slide down into the space 6 vacated at the bottom of the pile, such that the pile remains permanently in the heaved position.
¦ Figure 3 shows the pile of the invention. It comprises a formwork pipe 7 of a plastic material, e.g., hard polyethylene. A second plastic pipe 8, also pre-ferably of hard polyethylene, is disposed coaxially outside the pipe 7. The internal diameter of the pipe 8 is such that an annular space 9 ls formed between the inner pipe 7 and outer pipe 8. As can be seen on the drawlng, the lower end of the outer plpe 8 projects a distance beyond the lower end of the plastic pipe 7.
¦ In the annular space 9 between pipes 7 and 8, a sleeve 1 10 of polyurethane foam has been inserted. The sleeve .. .. .,.. , .,. . .~, .. ,;. . :: .
, ; . .. : : : . . :. :. -. : .: , :: . : : ., . -.
. . ::. : . .... -. . .: : . .
1~76822 is dimensioned such that it is force-fitted between the exterior of pipe 7 and the interior of pipe 8.
The lower end of the sleeve 10 is at the same depth as the pipe 7. As seen on Figure 3, the pipe 8 and sleeve 10 can be terminated a distance below the top of the inner pipe 7, such that an offset 11 is formed.
The offset 11 is flush with the ground level 12. The unit, comprising the pipe 7, sleeve 10 and pipe 8, is positioned in a hole 13 in the ground, and concrete is poured into the upper opening of the pipe 7. Because the inner pipe 7 and sleeve 10 do not extend down as far as the lower end of the outer pipe 8, a foot 14 will be formed during the casting.
Flgure 4 shows the pile of the invention under winter conditions. The f~rces in the frozen earth operate in a more horizontal direction (shown) by the arrows 15) and cause very little lifting 16 of the ground. The reason or this ls that the earth can expand in a horizontal direction, compressing the elastic sleeve 10 and pipe 8 in toward the pipe 7.
Because the earth freezes first at the surface 12, the upper portion of the pipe 8 will be compressed into a somewhat conical shape~ the cone pointing upward. In this way, a heave effect is further reduced, in that one obtalns a downwardly-directed component of force.
The concrete pile 17 will thus remain unaffected by the frost heave.
,.. . . , 1 . ~ '; , ', ; . , ~ ' , . : ~
Claims (6)
1. A pile which is to be set into a hole excavated below the permafrost level in the ground, comprising a prefabricated plastic pipe which constitutes a permanent formwork for a cast concrete pile, and including a second pipe coaxially surrounding the plastic pipe but, dimensioned such that an annular space is formed between the two pipes, characterized in that the annular space between the two coaxial pipes is filled by a sleeve of elastic material, the sleeve being slidable relative to at least one of the adjacent pipes, and preferably, relative to both pipes.
2. A pile according to claim 1 wherein the elastic material is a foamed plastics material.
3. A pile according to claim 1, characterized in that the sleeve inside the annular space is dimensioned such that it exerts a pressure against the adjacent pipe walls of the two pipes.
4. A pile according to claims 2 or 3 characterized in that the outer pipe projects a distance beyond the lower end of the inner pipe, and that the sleeve is terminated at the same depth as the inner pipe, such that when the pile is cast, a foot having the same diameter as the internal diameter of the outer pipe is formed.
5. A pile according to claim 1, characterized in that the sleeve consists of polyurethane foam.
6. A pile according to claim 1, characterized in that the pipes consists of hard polyethylene.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA299,876A CA1076822A (en) | 1978-03-29 | 1978-03-29 | Foundation pile |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA299,876A CA1076822A (en) | 1978-03-29 | 1978-03-29 | Foundation pile |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1076822A true CA1076822A (en) | 1980-05-06 |
Family
ID=4111091
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA299,876A Expired CA1076822A (en) | 1978-03-29 | 1978-03-29 | Foundation pile |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1076822A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2478362A (en) * | 2010-03-06 | 2011-09-07 | Shire Structures Ltd | A pile with a tube extending lengthwise of the pile |
| CN107310022A (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2017-11-03 | 江苏腾晖电力技术有限公司 | Foundation pile for Frozen Ground Area photovoltaic bracket and preparation method thereof |
| CN113931172A (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-01-14 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Protection device for preventing tubular pile from being frozen and expanded and damaged |
| CN115059122A (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2022-09-16 | 中国建筑第七工程局有限公司 | Pile foundation anti-freezing and pulling device |
-
1978
- 1978-03-29 CA CA299,876A patent/CA1076822A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2478362A (en) * | 2010-03-06 | 2011-09-07 | Shire Structures Ltd | A pile with a tube extending lengthwise of the pile |
| GB2478362B (en) * | 2010-03-06 | 2016-06-29 | Shire Structures Ltd | Improvements in or relating to small diameter piles |
| CN107310022A (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2017-11-03 | 江苏腾晖电力技术有限公司 | Foundation pile for Frozen Ground Area photovoltaic bracket and preparation method thereof |
| CN113931172A (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-01-14 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Protection device for preventing tubular pile from being frozen and expanded and damaged |
| CN115059122A (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2022-09-16 | 中国建筑第七工程局有限公司 | Pile foundation anti-freezing and pulling device |
| CN115059122B (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2024-01-26 | 中国建筑第七工程局有限公司 | Pile foundation anti-freezing and anti-pulling device |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |