CA1076303A - Wax composition for rubber-based impregnants - Google Patents
Wax composition for rubber-based impregnantsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1076303A CA1076303A CA230,607A CA230607A CA1076303A CA 1076303 A CA1076303 A CA 1076303A CA 230607 A CA230607 A CA 230607A CA 1076303 A CA1076303 A CA 1076303A
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- Prior art keywords
- wax
- emulsion
- weight percent
- weight
- composition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/06—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material using pretreated fibrous materials
- C08J5/08—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material using pretreated fibrous materials glass fibres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
- C03C25/10—Coating
- C03C25/24—Coatings containing organic materials
- C03C25/26—Macromolecular compounds or prepolymers
- C03C25/27—Rubber latex
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L21/00—Compositions of unspecified rubbers
- C08L21/02—Latex
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2321/00—Characterised by the use of unspecified rubbers
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The invention provides an aqueous wax emulsion suitable for incorporation in impregnants applied to tire-reinforcing glass fibre cords. The wax emulsion includes a paraffin wax having a melting point in the range of from about 140°F. to about 145°F. and a microcrystalline wax having a melting point in the range of from about 180°F. to about 185°F. The paraffin wax is present in a ratio of from about 2.7 to 3.7 parts by weight per part of the microcrystalline wax, and the waxes together comprise from about 45 to about 55 weight percent of the emulsion. The emulsion includes about 43 to about 48 weight percent water and, as emulsifiers, from about 1 to about 3 weight percent of an unsaturated fatty acid and from about 1 to about 3 weight percent of an aqueous solution of an inorganic base. From about 3.5 to about 5.5 weight percent (based upon the weight of the cured composition) of the wax emulsion is incorporated into a polymeric elastomer-based impregnant to form a composition for the coating of tire-reinforcing glass fibre cords.
The invention provides an aqueous wax emulsion suitable for incorporation in impregnants applied to tire-reinforcing glass fibre cords. The wax emulsion includes a paraffin wax having a melting point in the range of from about 140°F. to about 145°F. and a microcrystalline wax having a melting point in the range of from about 180°F. to about 185°F. The paraffin wax is present in a ratio of from about 2.7 to 3.7 parts by weight per part of the microcrystalline wax, and the waxes together comprise from about 45 to about 55 weight percent of the emulsion. The emulsion includes about 43 to about 48 weight percent water and, as emulsifiers, from about 1 to about 3 weight percent of an unsaturated fatty acid and from about 1 to about 3 weight percent of an aqueous solution of an inorganic base. From about 3.5 to about 5.5 weight percent (based upon the weight of the cured composition) of the wax emulsion is incorporated into a polymeric elastomer-based impregnant to form a composition for the coating of tire-reinforcing glass fibre cords.
Description
- ~CP763(~3 This invention relates to a composition for incorpor-ation in vehicular tire-reinforcing cord impregnants.
In its more specific aspects, the invention relates to an improved wax emulsion for incorporation in tire cord impregnants, and to impregnants containing the wax emulsion.
The use of waxes in tire cord impregnants is well known. Such impregnants are employed to coat those filaments which are incorporated in:the rubber or polymeri~ elastomer,~as reinforcement. The impregnants are important beacuse they improve the strength of the cord and facilitate adhesion between the filaments and the rubber of the tire.
Waxes frequently are employed in such impregnants, which, in turn, frequently are rubber or latex-based in order to improve the flexibility of the impregnant. The wax or mixture of waxes employed also can add to the tensile strength of the impregnant and to the durability of the impregnant to humidity during periods in which the impregnated tire cord is stored prior to use.
There now has been discovered a wax emulsion suitable for inclusion in tire cord impregnants, the emulsion comprising a mixture of waxes. This wax emulsion is stable when stored, even at freezing temperatures, and, when applied to tire cord as an ingredient of the impregnant, improves the tensile strength of the cord and its adhesion to rubber.
According to t~is invention an aqueous wax emulsion suitable for incorporation in impregnants applied to tire-reinforcing cords contains a mixture of a paraffin wax and a microcrystalline wax. The paraffin wax is present in an amount between about 2.7 and about 3~7 parts per part of the micro-crystalline wax, and the waxes together comprise between about _ 1 "`~
~0763~3 45 and about 55 weight percent of the wax emulsion. Water makesup about 43 to ~8 weight percent, and the remainder of the emulsion comprises from about 1 to about 3 percent of an unsaturated fatty acid and about 1 to about 3 percent o~ an aqueous solution of an inorganic base which will form an aqueous emulsion with the other components.
When incorporated into the coating for the tire-reinforcing cords, the wax emulsion is present in the eventually-cured composition in an amount within the range of from about 3.5 to about 5.5 percent by weight.
The impregnant containing the wax emulsion of this invention can be applied to any material suitable for use as a tire-reinforcing material. Preferably, it will be applied to glass filaments and the invention will be discussed hereinafter as being applied to glass filaments without intending to limit the invention to that embodiment.
Glass filaments of any suitable dimensions and composi-tion can be employed in this invention. For example, a suitable reinforcement cord comprises a multiplicity of about 2000 glass ilaments, each filament having a diameter within the range of from about 0.0035 to about 0.0040 inches. These filaments or fibre can be twisted or untwisted, and unsized or sized employ-in~ sizes conventional in the prior art.
The wax emulsion of the invention can be employed in any tire cord impregnant. Preferably, however, it will be employed in a polymeric elastomer-based impregnant, such as in vinly pyridine terpolyMer-based impregnant which is crosslinked during curing with a styrene-butadiene copolymer late~. Suitable crosslinking agents include prior art materials such as poly-hydroxy aromatics in combination with low molecular weight ~j .
63~3 aldehydes, for example, resorcinol in combination with formalde-hyde, in use of which the coating is cured at elevated tempera-tures.
The wax emulsion which is used in the subject invention is incorporated in the impregnant in conventional manner, and the impregnant is applied to the cord by passing the cord through the impregnant in the usual manner. Thereafter the impre~nated cord can be passed through a die to regulate the quantity of impreg-nant retained on the cord to the usual quantity of from about 10 to 20 weight percent o the total weight of the impregnated cord.
The impregnant is then cured by passing the impregnated-coated fibre through heating means where the impregnant is cured at temperatures up to about 1000F. for a period up to about five minutes.
The aqueous wax emulsion of this invention contains two waxes: a para~fin wax and a microcrystalline wax.
The paraffin wax has a melting point within the range of from about 140F. to about 145F., and preferably about 142F.
It will have typically a penetration of about 10 at 77F., about 20 16 at 100Fo and about 34 at llnF. It will have typically a viscosity of about 42 SUU at 210F., a refractive index of about 1.424 at 100C., an oil content of about 0.1 weight percent, a cloud point of about 160F.and a specific gravity of about 0~92 at 60F. Such a material is available from Shell Chemical Co.
under the trade mark "Shellwax 270".
The microcrystalline wax has a melting point within the range of from about 180F~ to about 185F~ ~ and typically a penetration within the range of from about 5 to about 8 at 77F., an N.P.A. Color of from about 2 to about 4, and a saponification number of from about 65 to about 75. Such a 1~763~3 material is available from Western Petrochemical Co. under the trade mark "Cardis 320 Wax".
The paraffin wax and the microcrystalline wax are in-corporated into ~he impregnant in the form of an aqueous emulsion, the waxes comprising from about 45 to about 55 weight percent of the emulsion, with water comprising from about 43 to about 48 weight percent of the emulsion. The remainder of the emulsion is comprised of from about 1 to about 3 weight per-cent of an unsat~urated fatty`acid, such as oleic acid, and from 1 to about 3 percent of an about 45 weight percent àgueous solution of an inorganic base, such as potassium hydroxide, these materials acting as emulsifiers. Of the two waxes, the paraffin wax is employed in an amount within the range of from~about
In its more specific aspects, the invention relates to an improved wax emulsion for incorporation in tire cord impregnants, and to impregnants containing the wax emulsion.
The use of waxes in tire cord impregnants is well known. Such impregnants are employed to coat those filaments which are incorporated in:the rubber or polymeri~ elastomer,~as reinforcement. The impregnants are important beacuse they improve the strength of the cord and facilitate adhesion between the filaments and the rubber of the tire.
Waxes frequently are employed in such impregnants, which, in turn, frequently are rubber or latex-based in order to improve the flexibility of the impregnant. The wax or mixture of waxes employed also can add to the tensile strength of the impregnant and to the durability of the impregnant to humidity during periods in which the impregnated tire cord is stored prior to use.
There now has been discovered a wax emulsion suitable for inclusion in tire cord impregnants, the emulsion comprising a mixture of waxes. This wax emulsion is stable when stored, even at freezing temperatures, and, when applied to tire cord as an ingredient of the impregnant, improves the tensile strength of the cord and its adhesion to rubber.
According to t~is invention an aqueous wax emulsion suitable for incorporation in impregnants applied to tire-reinforcing cords contains a mixture of a paraffin wax and a microcrystalline wax. The paraffin wax is present in an amount between about 2.7 and about 3~7 parts per part of the micro-crystalline wax, and the waxes together comprise between about _ 1 "`~
~0763~3 45 and about 55 weight percent of the wax emulsion. Water makesup about 43 to ~8 weight percent, and the remainder of the emulsion comprises from about 1 to about 3 percent of an unsaturated fatty acid and about 1 to about 3 percent o~ an aqueous solution of an inorganic base which will form an aqueous emulsion with the other components.
When incorporated into the coating for the tire-reinforcing cords, the wax emulsion is present in the eventually-cured composition in an amount within the range of from about 3.5 to about 5.5 percent by weight.
The impregnant containing the wax emulsion of this invention can be applied to any material suitable for use as a tire-reinforcing material. Preferably, it will be applied to glass filaments and the invention will be discussed hereinafter as being applied to glass filaments without intending to limit the invention to that embodiment.
Glass filaments of any suitable dimensions and composi-tion can be employed in this invention. For example, a suitable reinforcement cord comprises a multiplicity of about 2000 glass ilaments, each filament having a diameter within the range of from about 0.0035 to about 0.0040 inches. These filaments or fibre can be twisted or untwisted, and unsized or sized employ-in~ sizes conventional in the prior art.
The wax emulsion of the invention can be employed in any tire cord impregnant. Preferably, however, it will be employed in a polymeric elastomer-based impregnant, such as in vinly pyridine terpolyMer-based impregnant which is crosslinked during curing with a styrene-butadiene copolymer late~. Suitable crosslinking agents include prior art materials such as poly-hydroxy aromatics in combination with low molecular weight ~j .
63~3 aldehydes, for example, resorcinol in combination with formalde-hyde, in use of which the coating is cured at elevated tempera-tures.
The wax emulsion which is used in the subject invention is incorporated in the impregnant in conventional manner, and the impregnant is applied to the cord by passing the cord through the impregnant in the usual manner. Thereafter the impre~nated cord can be passed through a die to regulate the quantity of impreg-nant retained on the cord to the usual quantity of from about 10 to 20 weight percent o the total weight of the impregnated cord.
The impregnant is then cured by passing the impregnated-coated fibre through heating means where the impregnant is cured at temperatures up to about 1000F. for a period up to about five minutes.
The aqueous wax emulsion of this invention contains two waxes: a para~fin wax and a microcrystalline wax.
The paraffin wax has a melting point within the range of from about 140F. to about 145F., and preferably about 142F.
It will have typically a penetration of about 10 at 77F., about 20 16 at 100Fo and about 34 at llnF. It will have typically a viscosity of about 42 SUU at 210F., a refractive index of about 1.424 at 100C., an oil content of about 0.1 weight percent, a cloud point of about 160F.and a specific gravity of about 0~92 at 60F. Such a material is available from Shell Chemical Co.
under the trade mark "Shellwax 270".
The microcrystalline wax has a melting point within the range of from about 180F~ to about 185F~ ~ and typically a penetration within the range of from about 5 to about 8 at 77F., an N.P.A. Color of from about 2 to about 4, and a saponification number of from about 65 to about 75. Such a 1~763~3 material is available from Western Petrochemical Co. under the trade mark "Cardis 320 Wax".
The paraffin wax and the microcrystalline wax are in-corporated into ~he impregnant in the form of an aqueous emulsion, the waxes comprising from about 45 to about 55 weight percent of the emulsion, with water comprising from about 43 to about 48 weight percent of the emulsion. The remainder of the emulsion is comprised of from about 1 to about 3 weight per-cent of an unsat~urated fatty`acid, such as oleic acid, and from 1 to about 3 percent of an about 45 weight percent àgueous solution of an inorganic base, such as potassium hydroxide, these materials acting as emulsifiers. Of the two waxes, the paraffin wax is employed in an amount within the range of from~about
2.7 to about 3.7 parts by weigh~t per part by weight of the microcrystalline wax, preferably in an amount of about 3 parts per part, respectively. The wax emulsion is included in the elastomeric impregnant in an amount within the range of from about 3.5 to about 5.5 weight percent.
The following examples illustrate the preparation of the wax emulsion and an elastomeric impregnant containing that wax emulsion.
Example 1 37.5 parts by weight of a paraffin wax having a melting point of 142F. and 12.5 parts by weight of a microcrystalline wax having a melting point of 183F. were added to a main mix container. The waxe~ were heated to 205~F. and were allowed to melt.
To the agitated wax mixture were added 2 parts by weight of a 45 weight percent solution of potassium hydroxide and 2 parts by weight of oleic acid. Agitation of the mixture , ,
The following examples illustrate the preparation of the wax emulsion and an elastomeric impregnant containing that wax emulsion.
Example 1 37.5 parts by weight of a paraffin wax having a melting point of 142F. and 12.5 parts by weight of a microcrystalline wax having a melting point of 183F. were added to a main mix container. The waxe~ were heated to 205~F. and were allowed to melt.
To the agitated wax mixture were added 2 parts by weight of a 45 weight percent solution of potassium hydroxide and 2 parts by weight of oleic acid. Agitation of the mixture , ,
3~3 was continued for five minutes at about 205F.
46 parts by weight of deionized water at 200F. were then added in incremental amounts to the mixture of waxes until the system went through an inversion which established the water as the continuous phase.
Such a final wax emulsion typically will have a pH
within the range of from 9.5 to 10.3, a viscosity within the range of from 400 to 750 centipoises at 72F., and a solids content within the range of from 40 to 60 weight percent.
Example II
Thw wax emulsion produced in Example 1 was incorporated into a tire cord impregnant in accordance with the following procedure.
About 55.6 parts by weight of a vinylpyridine-styrene butadiene terpolymer were agitated in a main mix tank. About 2.97 parts by weight of ammonium hydroxide were introduced into the main mix tank at a constant rate of introduction over a period of àbout 10 minutes. The mixture was agitated slowly until its temperature had dropped to about 65F. with external cooling.
About 4.8 parts by weight of the wax emulsion prepared in Example 1 were introduced into the main mix tank at conditions of high speed mixing and mixing was continued for about five minutes after all of the emulsion had been introduced.
About 28 parts by weight of a styrene-butadiene copolymer were introduced into the main mix tank under conditions of rapid agitation. About 3.3 parts by weight of water, OOO9 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide and 1.1 parts by weight of a 37 weight percent formaldehyde solution were introduced into a second mix tank, and agitation and external cooliny were ' ~`1``, ~ A _~i ., 3L6~17631)3 continued slowly until the mixture was at about 60~F. Thereupon about 3 parts by weight of a 75 weight percent resorcinol-formaldehyde mixture was introduced into the second mix tank over a period of from 4 to 8 minutes, The contents of the second mix tank were allowed to react at about room temperature for about 15 minutes, Thereafter, the contents of the second mix tank were introduced over a period of from 5 to 10 minutes into the first mix tank in which agitation continued for about 10 minutes.
Finally, about 0.15 parts by weight of a thixotropic a~ent, a carboxyl-containing emulsion sold under the trade mark "Tychem ~504",available from Tylac, a division of Standard Brands Chemical Industry, in about 0,84 parts by weight of water was introduced into the main mix tank. (The production of such "Tychem" emulsions is described in United States Patent No.
3,657,175). ~gitation was continued Eor about 30 minutes, at the end of which period the impregnant was ready for use.
An impregnant such as that produced in Example II
typically will have a solids content of about 42 weight percent, a pH of about 10.5, and a viscosity of about 120 cps at 72F.
after twenty-four hours.
In the foregoing preparation, the vinylpyridine-styrene-butadiene terpolymer wa~ "Pliolite LPR-4545B" available under that trade mark ~rom Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co. The s~yrene-butadiene copolymer was "Pliolite LPR-4966A" a~ailable under that trade mark also from Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co.
The resorcinol-formaldehyde mixture was "Penacolite R-2170"
available under that trade mark from Koppers Co., Inc.
The fibre to be impregnated was passed throuyh a bath of the impregnant at about room temeperature for a period of time rl 1~763C~3 su~ficient to coat the fibres. The fibres then were passed through a die which was regulated to wipe excess impregnants from the fibres. The impregnated fibre was then passed through an oven maintained at an elevated temperature. The time of p~ssa~e of the fibre through the oven was regulated such that the coated fibre, on leaving the oven, had been cured to a non-tacky state.
Example III
The use of a wax emulsion of the present invention contributes to the strength of the impregnated cords, this contribution being greater than that of wax emulsions commer-cially available.
First and second cords of glass fibres of substant-ially identical physical charcteristics including number of filaments, filament diameters and sizing were individually impregnated with tire cord impregnants, wiped to the same weight of impregnant on the fibre, and cured under substantially identical conditions.
The first cord was impregnated with the tire cord impregnant according to this invention which impregnant comprised a mixture of 3 parts by weight of a paraffin wax having a melting point of 142F. and 1 part by weight of a microcrystal-line wax having a melting point of 182F.
The second cord was impregnated with a tire cord impregnant not of this invention. The impregnant comprised a commercially available wax emulsion, particularly intende~ as a plasticizer in tire cord impregnants.
Results on a plurality of tests on the two impregnated cords were as follows:
~ ~ . . .
~763~3 First Cord Second Cord wax Emulsion Invention Commercial Emulsion Content 4.84 4.84 Fibre Break Strength, Pounds 75 to 80 74.9 Fibre Adhesion, Pounds 29 to 33 29.5 In the above tests, the fibre break strength is a test used to determine ~he tensile breaking strength of the impreg-nated tire cord, either twisted or untwisted, in which the load required to break the cord is determined by pulling the cord to failure.
The fibre adhesion test is used to determine the force required to cause adhesive bond failure between a single tire cord and the rubber material in which it is embedded. The cord is wound in a back and forth pattern in a mold which serves a~
a winding jig. The mold is made so that the cord forms a series of paralled "U" loops, The parallel legs of the "U" loops are sandwiched between two layers of cotton reinforced rubber stock.
The mold is then placed in a press and cured under heat and pressure. The finished sample consists of 12;"U" loops of tire cord with 1/4 inch of each leg of each loop embedded in a strip of cured rubber. This strip of rubber comes out of the mold mounted on a metal insert. This insert is placed in a heater block that is maintained at a temperature of 250F. The heater block serves as the lo~er clamp of the testing machine. The upper clamp is a rotating pulley. The "U" loop of the tire cord is placed over this pulley and the clamps are separated. The maximum load obtained is a measure of the fibre adhesion in pounds.
It will be evident that various modifications can be made to the specific examples described above, and that the scope of ~he invention is defined by the appended claims.
:, ,
46 parts by weight of deionized water at 200F. were then added in incremental amounts to the mixture of waxes until the system went through an inversion which established the water as the continuous phase.
Such a final wax emulsion typically will have a pH
within the range of from 9.5 to 10.3, a viscosity within the range of from 400 to 750 centipoises at 72F., and a solids content within the range of from 40 to 60 weight percent.
Example II
Thw wax emulsion produced in Example 1 was incorporated into a tire cord impregnant in accordance with the following procedure.
About 55.6 parts by weight of a vinylpyridine-styrene butadiene terpolymer were agitated in a main mix tank. About 2.97 parts by weight of ammonium hydroxide were introduced into the main mix tank at a constant rate of introduction over a period of àbout 10 minutes. The mixture was agitated slowly until its temperature had dropped to about 65F. with external cooling.
About 4.8 parts by weight of the wax emulsion prepared in Example 1 were introduced into the main mix tank at conditions of high speed mixing and mixing was continued for about five minutes after all of the emulsion had been introduced.
About 28 parts by weight of a styrene-butadiene copolymer were introduced into the main mix tank under conditions of rapid agitation. About 3.3 parts by weight of water, OOO9 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide and 1.1 parts by weight of a 37 weight percent formaldehyde solution were introduced into a second mix tank, and agitation and external cooliny were ' ~`1``, ~ A _~i ., 3L6~17631)3 continued slowly until the mixture was at about 60~F. Thereupon about 3 parts by weight of a 75 weight percent resorcinol-formaldehyde mixture was introduced into the second mix tank over a period of from 4 to 8 minutes, The contents of the second mix tank were allowed to react at about room temperature for about 15 minutes, Thereafter, the contents of the second mix tank were introduced over a period of from 5 to 10 minutes into the first mix tank in which agitation continued for about 10 minutes.
Finally, about 0.15 parts by weight of a thixotropic a~ent, a carboxyl-containing emulsion sold under the trade mark "Tychem ~504",available from Tylac, a division of Standard Brands Chemical Industry, in about 0,84 parts by weight of water was introduced into the main mix tank. (The production of such "Tychem" emulsions is described in United States Patent No.
3,657,175). ~gitation was continued Eor about 30 minutes, at the end of which period the impregnant was ready for use.
An impregnant such as that produced in Example II
typically will have a solids content of about 42 weight percent, a pH of about 10.5, and a viscosity of about 120 cps at 72F.
after twenty-four hours.
In the foregoing preparation, the vinylpyridine-styrene-butadiene terpolymer wa~ "Pliolite LPR-4545B" available under that trade mark ~rom Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co. The s~yrene-butadiene copolymer was "Pliolite LPR-4966A" a~ailable under that trade mark also from Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co.
The resorcinol-formaldehyde mixture was "Penacolite R-2170"
available under that trade mark from Koppers Co., Inc.
The fibre to be impregnated was passed throuyh a bath of the impregnant at about room temeperature for a period of time rl 1~763C~3 su~ficient to coat the fibres. The fibres then were passed through a die which was regulated to wipe excess impregnants from the fibres. The impregnated fibre was then passed through an oven maintained at an elevated temperature. The time of p~ssa~e of the fibre through the oven was regulated such that the coated fibre, on leaving the oven, had been cured to a non-tacky state.
Example III
The use of a wax emulsion of the present invention contributes to the strength of the impregnated cords, this contribution being greater than that of wax emulsions commer-cially available.
First and second cords of glass fibres of substant-ially identical physical charcteristics including number of filaments, filament diameters and sizing were individually impregnated with tire cord impregnants, wiped to the same weight of impregnant on the fibre, and cured under substantially identical conditions.
The first cord was impregnated with the tire cord impregnant according to this invention which impregnant comprised a mixture of 3 parts by weight of a paraffin wax having a melting point of 142F. and 1 part by weight of a microcrystal-line wax having a melting point of 182F.
The second cord was impregnated with a tire cord impregnant not of this invention. The impregnant comprised a commercially available wax emulsion, particularly intende~ as a plasticizer in tire cord impregnants.
Results on a plurality of tests on the two impregnated cords were as follows:
~ ~ . . .
~763~3 First Cord Second Cord wax Emulsion Invention Commercial Emulsion Content 4.84 4.84 Fibre Break Strength, Pounds 75 to 80 74.9 Fibre Adhesion, Pounds 29 to 33 29.5 In the above tests, the fibre break strength is a test used to determine ~he tensile breaking strength of the impreg-nated tire cord, either twisted or untwisted, in which the load required to break the cord is determined by pulling the cord to failure.
The fibre adhesion test is used to determine the force required to cause adhesive bond failure between a single tire cord and the rubber material in which it is embedded. The cord is wound in a back and forth pattern in a mold which serves a~
a winding jig. The mold is made so that the cord forms a series of paralled "U" loops, The parallel legs of the "U" loops are sandwiched between two layers of cotton reinforced rubber stock.
The mold is then placed in a press and cured under heat and pressure. The finished sample consists of 12;"U" loops of tire cord with 1/4 inch of each leg of each loop embedded in a strip of cured rubber. This strip of rubber comes out of the mold mounted on a metal insert. This insert is placed in a heater block that is maintained at a temperature of 250F. The heater block serves as the lo~er clamp of the testing machine. The upper clamp is a rotating pulley. The "U" loop of the tire cord is placed over this pulley and the clamps are separated. The maximum load obtained is a measure of the fibre adhesion in pounds.
It will be evident that various modifications can be made to the specific examples described above, and that the scope of ~he invention is defined by the appended claims.
:, ,
Claims (6)
1. An aqueous wax emulsion suitable for incorporation in impregnants applied to tire-reinforcing glass fibre cords, said wax emulsion comprising a mixture of:
a paraffin wax having a melting point in the range of from about 140°F. to about 145°F. and a microcrystalline wax having a melting point in the range of from about 180°F. to about 185°F., said paraffin wax being present in a ratio of from about 2.7 to about 3.7 parts by weight per part of the microcrystalline wax and said waxes together comprising from about 45 to about 55 weight percent of the wax emulsion;
water comprising from about 43 to about 48 weight percent of the emulsion;
the remainder of the emulsion consisting of from about 1 to about 3 weight percent of an unsaturated fatty acid and from about 1 to about 3 weight percent of an aqueous solution of an inorganic base of sufficient strength that the fatty acid and the base form an aqueous emulsion with the other components.
a paraffin wax having a melting point in the range of from about 140°F. to about 145°F. and a microcrystalline wax having a melting point in the range of from about 180°F. to about 185°F., said paraffin wax being present in a ratio of from about 2.7 to about 3.7 parts by weight per part of the microcrystalline wax and said waxes together comprising from about 45 to about 55 weight percent of the wax emulsion;
water comprising from about 43 to about 48 weight percent of the emulsion;
the remainder of the emulsion consisting of from about 1 to about 3 weight percent of an unsaturated fatty acid and from about 1 to about 3 weight percent of an aqueous solution of an inorganic base of sufficient strength that the fatty acid and the base form an aqueous emulsion with the other components.
2. A wax emulsion as defined in claim 1, in which said paraffin wax and said microcrystalline wax are present in a weight ratio of approximately 3 to 1, respectively.
3. A composition for coating tire-reinforcing glass fibre cords, the composition comprising a polymeric elastomer-based impregnant and an aqueous wax emulsion as defined in claim 1, said emulsion being present in the composition in an amount sufficient to comprise from about 3.5 to about 5.5 weight percent of the cured composition.
4. A composition as defined in claim 3, wherein said elastomer-based impregnant is a vinylpyridine-butadiene-styrene terpolymer.
5. A composition as defined in claim 4, wherein said terpolymer contains as a cross-linking agent resorcinal in combination with formaldehyde.
6. A composition as defined in claim 4 or 5, compri-sing about 55.6 parts by weight of a vinylpyridine-styrene-butadiene terpolymer, about 28 parts by weight of a styrene-butadiene copolymer, and about 4.8 parts of said wax emulsion.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US49442874A | 1974-08-05 | 1974-08-05 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1076303A true CA1076303A (en) | 1980-04-29 |
Family
ID=23964435
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA230,607A Expired CA1076303A (en) | 1974-08-05 | 1975-07-02 | Wax composition for rubber-based impregnants |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5141003A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE831017A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1076303A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2529360A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2281332A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1500563A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7507967A (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5458611A (en) * | 1977-10-19 | 1979-05-11 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Manufacture of sintered ore |
| CA1150325A (en) * | 1979-12-26 | 1983-07-19 | Gary W. Ceska | Latex compositions |
| GB9300753D0 (en) * | 1993-01-15 | 1993-03-03 | Oxford Polytechnic | Improvements in and relating to sealing compositions |
| CN106032436B (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2018-11-02 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of wax emulsion compo and its preparation method and application |
| EP3702522A1 (en) * | 2019-03-01 | 2020-09-02 | Continental Reifen Deutschland GmbH | Aqueous dipping composition |
-
1975
- 1975-07-01 DE DE19752529360 patent/DE2529360A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1975-07-02 CA CA230,607A patent/CA1076303A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-07-03 NL NL7507967A patent/NL7507967A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1975-07-04 FR FR7521115A patent/FR2281332A1/en active Granted
- 1975-07-04 BE BE157997A patent/BE831017A/en unknown
- 1975-07-28 GB GB31517/75A patent/GB1500563A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-08-04 JP JP50094927A patent/JPS5141003A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5141003A (en) | 1976-04-06 |
| DE2529360A1 (en) | 1976-02-19 |
| GB1500563A (en) | 1978-02-08 |
| BE831017A (en) | 1975-11-03 |
| FR2281332B3 (en) | 1979-04-27 |
| FR2281332A1 (en) | 1976-03-05 |
| NL7507967A (en) | 1976-02-09 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |