CA1075676A - Power tongs - Google Patents
Power tongsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1075676A CA1075676A CA297,816A CA297816A CA1075676A CA 1075676 A CA1075676 A CA 1075676A CA 297816 A CA297816 A CA 297816A CA 1075676 A CA1075676 A CA 1075676A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- pipe
- partial ring
- die
- cam surfaces
- cam
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A power tong includes a frame and a pipe-gripping mechanism associated with a throat at one end of the frame.
Power is transmitted to the pipe-gripping mechanism from a power unit through a drive train. The pipe-gripping mechanism cooper-ates with the throat to receive a pipe section to be rotated and includes a partial ring rotatably mounted within the frame and having an opening which may be aligned with the throat. The ring may be rotated in either direction by the power unit. Mounted on the tong is a die carrier which is rotatable relative to the ring.
Die members are mounted on the die carrier and include dies positioned to grip the external surface of the pipe section. The die members are arranged to cooperate with cam surfaces on the ring so that, when the ring is rotated relative to the die carrier, the dies are moved rectilinearly into engagement with the pipe section. After the movable dies have engaged the pipe section further relative movement between the ring and the die carrier is prevented and the pipe section is therefore rotated to make up or break apart the threaded joint of pipe.
A power tong includes a frame and a pipe-gripping mechanism associated with a throat at one end of the frame.
Power is transmitted to the pipe-gripping mechanism from a power unit through a drive train. The pipe-gripping mechanism cooper-ates with the throat to receive a pipe section to be rotated and includes a partial ring rotatably mounted within the frame and having an opening which may be aligned with the throat. The ring may be rotated in either direction by the power unit. Mounted on the tong is a die carrier which is rotatable relative to the ring.
Die members are mounted on the die carrier and include dies positioned to grip the external surface of the pipe section. The die members are arranged to cooperate with cam surfaces on the ring so that, when the ring is rotated relative to the die carrier, the dies are moved rectilinearly into engagement with the pipe section. After the movable dies have engaged the pipe section further relative movement between the ring and the die carrier is prevented and the pipe section is therefore rotated to make up or break apart the threaded joint of pipe.
Description
7567~i Thi~ application i~ relateà ~o my Canadian pate~
1,037~463, whieh discloses a similar pow~r to~g but ha~ing a dif~ere~t ~schani~m ~or mounting the dies a~d morin~; ~hem into ellgageme~t with th~ pipe 3ection.
The pre~ent i~vention relate~ to power ton~ o~ the type commonly used in oil fields for maki~g ~p aIld breaking apart threaded connection~ betwe~n drîll pipesa tubing, a~d th~ liko~
It i~ frequen~ly neces~ary i~ oil fisld ~peratio~ t~
oon~ect or dis¢or~ect joiats of pipe which are thread~sdly connect-10 ~d together. ~tr~g~ of ~rill pipesa for e~a~ple, compri.~e a ~eriea of pipe section~ joi~e8 together at th~ir ends. Powsr tong~ employed ~or maki~g up and br~akin~ apart the~e co~-~ec~ion~ and are u~ed 'co rotato ~he pipe3 relativ~ to each other.
A typical power tollg i~cludes a mechanism ~or gripping the ~xternal ~urface o~ a pipe ~ection and then rotatin~ the pipe section while the pipe 3~ct:~0n to ~rhich it i~ corinected ~ held 3tationary or rotated in th~ opposite directionO
~ variety of p~w~r to~g colls~ructio~ ha~e been de~eloped f~r accompli. hi~g thi~3 rs~ult. U~St Pa~ent lN~o 2,~7936 20 to Be@ma~ et al, which is a~ d to th~ pre~en~ inventor, i8 lllustra~iY~ of one type of toag constructio~. Although de~ice~
o~ thi~ typ~ e be~n proveà sat~sfactory ~or ~o~t oil ~ield opera-tio~3~ ex~enaiYe use a~d experimentatio~l has ~hown that impro~re-~ent~ are n~e~d1l par~ic~larly ~rith respect to the pip~-gripping me~hani~ an~ the mea~s for ~gillg the mechani~m i~to co~tac~ lrith th~ pipe~
Aecordin~ly, a~ object of ~he pre~ent inv~ntiorl i~ to p~o~ide a pow~r to~ ~or making ap ~ }g~aparlt ~oiIl~s of drill pipe~ tubi~, and the li~e ha~rin~ an impro~ed pipe-grippi~g 30~!,a mecha~ mO
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~75676 Accor~ing to the present invention there is provided a power tong for rotating a pipe comprising a frame having a throat for receiving a pipe, a partial ring ro-tatably mounted on the :
frame for movement about a central axis and having an opening : :
therein which is adapted to be aligned with the throat so that a pipe may be positioned within the: partial ring, arcuate depress-ions formed on an inner surface of the partial ring to define cam surfaces positioned on opposite sides of -the center of the open-ing, means for rotating the partial ring about its central axis, a die carrier mounted on the tong for rotation relative to the partial ring, die means connected to the die car~ier, cam followers carried by the die means and cooperating with the arcuate depress~
ions of the partial ring so that, upon rotation oE the partial ring relative to the die carrier in either direction, the die means are moved closer to the central axis of the partial ring, pipe-gripping dies mounted on the die means in position to engage a pipe positioned within the partial ring and guide means mounted on the die carrier axially spaced from the cam followers or caus-ing the die means to move rectilinearly, the guide means com-prising a guide passage, and a gui.de member slidably moun-ted with-in the guide passage, one end of the guide.memher connected to the ; die means whereby the die means are moved rectilinearly. -.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a power tong for rotating a pipe comprising a frame having a throat for receiving a pipe, a partial ring rotatably mounted on the frame and having an opening therein which is adapted to be aligned with the throat so that a pipe may be positioned within the partial ring, arcuate depressions on an inner surface of the partial ring to define cam surEaces disposed on opposite sides of the center line of the opening, means for -:
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rotating said partial ring about its central axis, a die carrier mounted on the partial ring for rotation rela-tive to the partial ring, die means connected to the die carrier mounted to move sub-stantially perpendicular to the center line of the throat when being moved into engagement with a pipe including portions pro-jecting into the arcuate depressions in the inner surface of the partial ri.ng, pipe-gripping dies mounted on the die means, guide means mounted on the die carrier axially spaced from the portions projecting into the arcuate depressions for causing the clie means to move substantially perpendicular to the center line of the throat, the guide means comprising a guide passage, and a guide member slidably mounted within the guide passage, one end of the guide member connected to the die means whereby the die means are moved substantially perpendicular to the center line oP the throat.
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~7S~76 An embodiment o the invention will now be described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying draw~ :
ings in whichi~
Figure 1 is a plan vlew of the ~xont port-on of a power tong;
Figure 2 i5 a plan ~iew of the entlre power ton~ of Figure 1 ~ith the top plate of the frame~ the door and the die carrier removed;
Figure 3 i5 a ~ertical cross section vlew taken along the line 3~3 o~ Figure l; and Figure 4 is a perspec-ti~e vlew of one of the die members.
Referring now in detail to the dr~ings~ the ~rame 2 of the power tony includes an upper plate 4 and a lower plate 6 spaced apart and bolted to the sidewalls 8. ~he frame 2 has an arcuate front portion definin~ a thxoat 10 ~o~ receiving a pipe section such as a section of drill pipe, tub~ng or the like.
Mounted around the inner periphery o~ the front portion of the .. .. ..
frame 2 are a plurality of rollers 12 and 14. The rollers 12 are ~ :
. mounted on the bottom side of the upper plate 4 and the rollers 14 on the top side of the ~owe~ plate 6. The rollers 12 and 14 , are mounted in suitable bearings on a common shaft 16 which is threaded at both ends and whlch receives retaining nuts 18, ` Rollers 12 and 14 are retained in po~itlon by shoulders 20 and ~ :
22, respectively, of sh~ft 16.
Pivotally mounted to the frame 2 ad~acentthe throat 10 by means of a hinge pin 24 is a d~or 26 which m~ be opened by means of handle 28 to allo~ a section of pipe to be placed in the throat 10 of the power tong~ PiYotall~ attached~t 30 to the door :~
26 is one end of a spring~loadedpiston assembly 32, The other ; end of the piston assembly 32is pi~otally attached at 34 to the ~: .
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frame in order to retain the door in the open or closed position.
The door and piston assembly are shown in the closed position in solid lines and in the open position in phantom lines. Optional-ly, the door 26 may include a latch mechanism (not shown) which cooperates with a corresponding hook (not shown) mounted on the frame 2 so that the door 26 can be securely locked in place after a pipe section has been placed into the throat 10.
The pipe-gripping mechanism includes a partial ring 40 which comprises a rotary gear mounted for rotation within the frame 2 and has an opening 42 which is adapted to align with the throat 10 of the frame. The ring 40 is guided on its outer periphery and retained within the frame 2 by the rollers 12 and 14. More particularly, the ring 40 includes a projection 44 which extends around the outer circumference of the ring and defines upper and lower shoulders 46 and 48, respectively, which abut against rollers 12 and 14, respectively. Rigidly secured to the outer periphery of the projection 44 of the ring 40 are gear teeth 50. ~- -The ring 40 may be rotated relative to the frame 2 by means of drive train 60 shown in Figure 2. The drive train 60 includes a tor drive gear 62 which engages a clutch assembly 64.
More particularly, the motor drive gear 62 meshes with the clutch drive gear 66 which is rigidly attached to clutch shaft 68. The ;
clutch assembly also includes a low speed clutch gear 70 and a high speed clutch gear 72 which can be selectively actuated by moving a shifting collar (not shown) which surrounds clutch shaft 68 by means of a conventional shifting assembly (not shown). The low and high speed clutch gears 70 and 72 mesh with low and high speed pinion gears 7~ and 76, respectively. The low and high speed pinion gears 74 and 76 are carried by a sleeve 78 rotatably mounted upon a bearing post 80. The sleeve 78 includes gear teeth .. ~
-~SlEi76 82 which mesh with pinion idler gear 84. The pinion idler gear 84 in turn drives rotary idler gears 86 and 88 which mesh with the gear teeth 50 on the ring 40. The drive train is powered by a motor which has not been illustrated in the drawings. However, it will be understood that any conventional motor may be employed which is capable of rotating the motor drive gear 62 in either direction. The drive shaft of the motor fits into the keyed opening 90 of the motor drive gear.
The pipe-gripping mechanism further includes a die carrier 100 which is mounted for rotation on the tong and has an opening 101 which i5 adapted to align with the throat 10 of the frame and the opening 42 of the partial ring. The die carrier 100 includes upper and lower arcuate plates 102 and 104, respec-tively, spaced apart by spacer sleeves 106. The plates 102 and 104 are held in position by bolts 108 which have a lower threaded end portion 110 which is threaded into a threaded opening 112 in lower arcuate plate 104. The upper and lower plates 4 and 6 of the frame 2 have a plurality of guide wheels 114 rotatably mounted thereon. The guide wheels 114 are rotatably mounted on shafts 116 by means of suitable bearings The shafts 116 extend through openinys 118 in the upper and lower plates 4 and 6 and are retain-ed by nuts 120 housed in grooves 122 in ring 40. These guide wheels 114 ride in grooves 124 and 126 defined in the lower and upper surfaces, respectively, of the upper and lower plates 102 and 104, respectively. This construction permits the partial ring 40 and the die carrier 100 to rotate relative to one another. As ` will be appreciated, the grooves 124 and 126 may be defined in the upper and lower surfaces of the partial ring 40 and the guide wheels 114 rotatably mounted on the die carrier 100 so that the / 30 die carrier is rotatably mounted on the partial ring rather than -~ the frame.
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Mounted on the die carrierl00 are a pair o~die members 134 and 136, respectively. The d~e members each include similar-ly shaped upper and lower arcuate wall portions 301~ The die members also each include a cylindrically shaped side wall por, tion 142 and 143, respectlvely. Each o~ the die members 134 and 136 normally carries a front die 144 and 146~ respectively, a rear die 148 and 150, resp~ctively and center dies 145 and 149, respectively. The dies are mounted on the side wall portions 142 and 143. Each of the die members 134 and 136 also includes head rollers 152 and 154, respectlvely, which are rotatably mounted by head roller pins 156 and 158, respectlvely, between the arcuate upper and lower wall portlons 301 and act as cam followers. The dies are typically provided with serrated faces which grip the pipe sectlon. Although ~ront, rear and center dies have been illustrated, it will be apprec~ated that each of the die members 134 and 136 m~y only carry one die with the dies mounted in opposed relationship.
Each die member furthex comprises a pair of die member guid~s300 which include a guide passage 302 ~or receiving a guide rod 304. While only one dle member guide 300 mounted above the upper wall portion 301 ls shown ln ~igure 4, there is provided a second die member guide located just below the lower wall portion 301, and is identically constructed to guide 300 and operates inthe samemanner. Thedle member guide 300 can be inset intothe sidewall portion 142 o~ die members, and the guide passage 302 can also extend into the side wall portion 142. The guide rod 304 is fixedly mounted ~ithin the guide passage 302, One mode of mounting the gu~de rod ls to thread one end of the guide rod 304 and the guide p~sS~ge 3Q2 so that the xod can be screwed into the passage. ~nother embodiment,not shownr is to connect the gulde rod304 directl~ to the side wall portion 142 ~7~
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thereby eliminating the need for the guide 300.
The die carrier 100 further includes a guide passage 306 adapted to receive the guide rod 304. The guide passa~e 306 can be associated with a die carrier block 308, physically connected to the upper plate 102 of the die carrier 100, shown in Figure 4, or the guide passage 306 can be within the upper plate 102 of the die carrier, thus eliminating the necessity for the die carrier block 308. Alternatively, the guide passage 306 can be partially within the die carrier block 308 and partially within the upper plate 102.
The guide rod 304 is slidably mounted within the die carrier guide passage 306. Thus, it can be seen that the die member 134 can only move in a rectilinear manner relative to the die carrier 100. That is, the die member 134 can only move back and forth relative to the die carrier 100 as permitted by the .
movement of the guide rod 304 in the die carrier guide passage 306. In this manner, the die members are moved substantially perpendicular to the center line of the throat of the partial ring when being moved into engagement with a pipe section.
The inner surfaces of the side portion of the partial ring 40 facing the throat 10 are provided with three arcuate depressions on both sides of the pipe section. These depressions are positioned adjacent the die members 134 and 136. Depressions !,~! 160 and 171 serve as a neutral cam surface for receiving the head rollers 152 and 1~4, respectively, when the pipe-gripping mechanism is in its initial rest position. The depressions 162 and 163 serve as cam surfaces for urging the dies into gripping engagement with the pipe section when the ring 40 is rotated in the clockwise direction. The depressions 164 and 165, in like ~ manner, urge the dies into gripping engagement with the pipe section when the ring 40 is rotated in the counterclockwise direction.
` ~75~7~Eii The "cam angle~' of the cam surfaces 162, 163l 164, and 165 can vary depending the desired rectilinear movement of the die memhers. The preferred "cam angle" is about 1/2 to 5-1/2 degrees, and more preferably 2 to 3 degrees, with 2-1/2 degrees being most preferred to obtain the proper engagement for proper pipe handling.
The "cam angle" is defined as the angle formed by lines originating at the center of rotation of the partial ring ~0 and a point on a line perpendicular to the center line of the throat 10 and passing through the center of rotation and terminating at the point on the cam surface at which the cam follower is positioned when the dies are in contact with the pipe section.
The "cam anglei' is illustrated as "A" in Figure 2. The angle "A" is constructed as follows using the cam surface 163 as illustrati~e. A point "B" on the cam surface 163 is found at which the dies engage the pipe. This point "B" is independent of the pipe diameter since different size die members 134 and 136 are used depending upon the pipe diameter. A line l'C" is drawn between the center of rotation of the partial ring 40 and the point "B". A line "D" is then drawn between point "B" at the angle "A" from line "C" so that the line "D" intersects a line "E" which is perpendicular to the center line "F" of the throat at a point "G" which is between the center of rotation of the partial ring 40 and the neutral cam surface 162 which is adjacent point "B". The cam surface 163 and also the cam surface 165 form a portion of a circle having a center at point "G". The cam surfaces 162 and 164 are constructed in similar manner.
Referring now in more detail to the arrangement of the front and rear dies relative to the axis of rotation of the ring 40. It will be seen in Figure 2 that a circle drawn about this a~is may be divided into four quadrants by the center line "F" of the throat 10 and the line "E" passing throu~h the axis of -_g_ -. ~:
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rotation perpendicular to the center line. The rear dies 148 and 150 are located in adjacent rear quadrants and the front dies 144 and 146 are located in adjacent front quadrants of the circle.
Mounted to the upper plate 4 of frame 2 is an arcuate brake band 170 having flange portions 172. sOlts 174 extend through openings (not shown) in the flanges 172 and serve to attach the brake band 170 to brackets 176., The brackets 176 are welded to the upper plate 4 and the bolts 174 are retained by nuts .
178. ~he brake band 170 partially surrounds and frictionally engages the outer periphery of the upper plate 102 of the die carrier 100. The brake band 170 is restrained against vertical movement by retainers 180 which are bolted at 182 to the upper ~:
plate 4. Spring 184 is attached to brake band 170 at the rear ~ :
end to slightly tension the brake band away from the die carrier 100.
The bolt head of the rear bolt 108 is elongated to form a spacer. The top of the elongated bolt head has a threaded .
opening which receives the threaded end of bolt 190. Pivotally mounted on bolt 190 is a retainer plate 192 which has an opening which receives backing pin 194. Backing pin 194 has shoulder 195 which retains the backing pin in retainer plate 192. Backing pin 194 can be inserted into one of openings 196 and 198 in the upper plate 102 of die carrier 100. Openings 196 and 198 are positioned one on either side o backing lug 200 when the opening 101 in the die carrier 100 is aligned with the opening 42 in the .
partial ring 40. The backing lug 200 is mounted in a recess 202 in the upper surface of the partial ring 40. The backing lug 200 is retained in place by bolt 204 which is threaded into a threaded ~:
opening 206 in the partial ring 40. The backing pin 194 abuts against the backing lug 200 and causes the partial ring 40 and .
die carrier 100 to move in unison with their openings 42 and 101, ':
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respectively, aligned whlle the opening 42 in the partial ring 40 is being allgned with the throat 10 in the ~r~me.
In operation, the opening 42 in the partial ring 40 is aligned with the throat 10 in thP ~rame 2 so that the pipe section may be inserted into the lnterior o~ the partial ring. ~n in~
serting the pi.pe, the door 26 ls pi~oted open to allow the pipe to be placed ln the throat 10 ~nd then closed. When inserted, the exterior surface of the p~pe sect~on comes lnto contact with .
the rear dies 148 and 150 o~ link members 134 and 136, respective- ;
ly, and the longitudinal .RXiS of t~e pipe section is approximate- :
ly coincident with the axis of rot~tion of the partial ring 40.
After the pipe section is in posltlon~ power is applied by the motor (not shown) to rotate the paxtial ring 40 either clockwise or counterclockwlse. For the pu~pose o~ illustration, it will be assumed that the partial ring 40 is rotated in a clockwlse directlon, As the ring 4~ begins to ~otate in a clockwise direction from the positlon shown in ~igure 1 r the die carxier 100 will remain stationary because of the ~rictlonal enga~ement of the die carrier 100 with the brake band 170, There~ore, the cam surfaces 162 and 163 on the partial ring 40 ~ill move ~elative to the cam :
followers 152 and 154 on the die members 134 and 136, respective-1~. Upon continuedrotation o~the ~ng40~ the cam surface162 will .~;
cause the die member 134 to mo~e ~ectilinearly in a direction ~
dicatated by the quide p~sage 306~ and, ln llke manner, the cam surface 163 will cause the dle ~e~be~ 136 to move rectilinearly ~ :. .
in a similar manner. These movements o~the die members 134 and ~: :
136 will bring the dies tnto gr~pp~ng eng~gement ~ith the s~rface o~ the plpe section. ~ith thiS ~X~ngement~ the ~oXce exexted .
by the dies on the p~pe is concentrated at or ne~r the center o~ rotation o~ the pipe sect~on~ Moreover~ the ~orce is eyenly ~llr^ " ~`:
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~7~676 distributed and controlled so that the pipe is gripped tightly enough to allow proper torque to be applied without crushing or damaging the pipe.
After the dies are brought into contact with the pipe section, further relative movement between the cam followers 152 and 154 and the cam surfaces 162 and 163 is not possible.
Accordingly, the die carrier lO0 will begin to rotate in unison with the ring 40. The pipe section, being tightly gripped by the opposed dies against relative movement with respect to the `~ lO die carrier, also will ~egin -to rotate in a clockwise direction.
This rotation may be continued for as many revolutions as may be required in order to make up or break apart a threaded connection between one end of the. pipe section and another pipe section positioned in alignment therewith.
After the pipe section has been rotated sufficiently to make up or break apart the joint, the tong may be freed from the pipe section by rotating the ring 40 in the opposite direction, namely, in the counterclockwise direction in terms of this illustration, to position the cam followers 152 and 154
1,037~463, whieh discloses a similar pow~r to~g but ha~ing a dif~ere~t ~schani~m ~or mounting the dies a~d morin~; ~hem into ellgageme~t with th~ pipe 3ection.
The pre~ent i~vention relate~ to power ton~ o~ the type commonly used in oil fields for maki~g ~p aIld breaking apart threaded connection~ betwe~n drîll pipesa tubing, a~d th~ liko~
It i~ frequen~ly neces~ary i~ oil fisld ~peratio~ t~
oon~ect or dis¢or~ect joiats of pipe which are thread~sdly connect-10 ~d together. ~tr~g~ of ~rill pipesa for e~a~ple, compri.~e a ~eriea of pipe section~ joi~e8 together at th~ir ends. Powsr tong~ employed ~or maki~g up and br~akin~ apart the~e co~-~ec~ion~ and are u~ed 'co rotato ~he pipe3 relativ~ to each other.
A typical power tollg i~cludes a mechanism ~or gripping the ~xternal ~urface o~ a pipe ~ection and then rotatin~ the pipe section while the pipe 3~ct:~0n to ~rhich it i~ corinected ~ held 3tationary or rotated in th~ opposite directionO
~ variety of p~w~r to~g colls~ructio~ ha~e been de~eloped f~r accompli. hi~g thi~3 rs~ult. U~St Pa~ent lN~o 2,~7936 20 to Be@ma~ et al, which is a~ d to th~ pre~en~ inventor, i8 lllustra~iY~ of one type of toag constructio~. Although de~ice~
o~ thi~ typ~ e be~n proveà sat~sfactory ~or ~o~t oil ~ield opera-tio~3~ ex~enaiYe use a~d experimentatio~l has ~hown that impro~re-~ent~ are n~e~d1l par~ic~larly ~rith respect to the pip~-gripping me~hani~ an~ the mea~s for ~gillg the mechani~m i~to co~tac~ lrith th~ pipe~
Aecordin~ly, a~ object of ~he pre~ent inv~ntiorl i~ to p~o~ide a pow~r to~ ~or making ap ~ }g~aparlt ~oiIl~s of drill pipe~ tubi~, and the li~e ha~rin~ an impro~ed pipe-grippi~g 30~!,a mecha~ mO
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~75676 Accor~ing to the present invention there is provided a power tong for rotating a pipe comprising a frame having a throat for receiving a pipe, a partial ring ro-tatably mounted on the :
frame for movement about a central axis and having an opening : :
therein which is adapted to be aligned with the throat so that a pipe may be positioned within the: partial ring, arcuate depress-ions formed on an inner surface of the partial ring to define cam surfaces positioned on opposite sides of -the center of the open-ing, means for rotating the partial ring about its central axis, a die carrier mounted on the tong for rotation relative to the partial ring, die means connected to the die car~ier, cam followers carried by the die means and cooperating with the arcuate depress~
ions of the partial ring so that, upon rotation oE the partial ring relative to the die carrier in either direction, the die means are moved closer to the central axis of the partial ring, pipe-gripping dies mounted on the die means in position to engage a pipe positioned within the partial ring and guide means mounted on the die carrier axially spaced from the cam followers or caus-ing the die means to move rectilinearly, the guide means com-prising a guide passage, and a gui.de member slidably moun-ted with-in the guide passage, one end of the guide.memher connected to the ; die means whereby the die means are moved rectilinearly. -.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a power tong for rotating a pipe comprising a frame having a throat for receiving a pipe, a partial ring rotatably mounted on the frame and having an opening therein which is adapted to be aligned with the throat so that a pipe may be positioned within the partial ring, arcuate depressions on an inner surface of the partial ring to define cam surEaces disposed on opposite sides of the center line of the opening, means for -:
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rotating said partial ring about its central axis, a die carrier mounted on the partial ring for rotation rela-tive to the partial ring, die means connected to the die carrier mounted to move sub-stantially perpendicular to the center line of the throat when being moved into engagement with a pipe including portions pro-jecting into the arcuate depressions in the inner surface of the partial ri.ng, pipe-gripping dies mounted on the die means, guide means mounted on the die carrier axially spaced from the portions projecting into the arcuate depressions for causing the clie means to move substantially perpendicular to the center line of the throat, the guide means comprising a guide passage, and a guide member slidably mounted within the guide passage, one end of the guide member connected to the die means whereby the die means are moved substantially perpendicular to the center line oP the throat.
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~7S~76 An embodiment o the invention will now be described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying draw~ :
ings in whichi~
Figure 1 is a plan vlew of the ~xont port-on of a power tong;
Figure 2 i5 a plan ~iew of the entlre power ton~ of Figure 1 ~ith the top plate of the frame~ the door and the die carrier removed;
Figure 3 i5 a ~ertical cross section vlew taken along the line 3~3 o~ Figure l; and Figure 4 is a perspec-ti~e vlew of one of the die members.
Referring now in detail to the dr~ings~ the ~rame 2 of the power tony includes an upper plate 4 and a lower plate 6 spaced apart and bolted to the sidewalls 8. ~he frame 2 has an arcuate front portion definin~ a thxoat 10 ~o~ receiving a pipe section such as a section of drill pipe, tub~ng or the like.
Mounted around the inner periphery o~ the front portion of the .. .. ..
frame 2 are a plurality of rollers 12 and 14. The rollers 12 are ~ :
. mounted on the bottom side of the upper plate 4 and the rollers 14 on the top side of the ~owe~ plate 6. The rollers 12 and 14 , are mounted in suitable bearings on a common shaft 16 which is threaded at both ends and whlch receives retaining nuts 18, ` Rollers 12 and 14 are retained in po~itlon by shoulders 20 and ~ :
22, respectively, of sh~ft 16.
Pivotally mounted to the frame 2 ad~acentthe throat 10 by means of a hinge pin 24 is a d~or 26 which m~ be opened by means of handle 28 to allo~ a section of pipe to be placed in the throat 10 of the power tong~ PiYotall~ attached~t 30 to the door :~
26 is one end of a spring~loadedpiston assembly 32, The other ; end of the piston assembly 32is pi~otally attached at 34 to the ~: .
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frame in order to retain the door in the open or closed position.
The door and piston assembly are shown in the closed position in solid lines and in the open position in phantom lines. Optional-ly, the door 26 may include a latch mechanism (not shown) which cooperates with a corresponding hook (not shown) mounted on the frame 2 so that the door 26 can be securely locked in place after a pipe section has been placed into the throat 10.
The pipe-gripping mechanism includes a partial ring 40 which comprises a rotary gear mounted for rotation within the frame 2 and has an opening 42 which is adapted to align with the throat 10 of the frame. The ring 40 is guided on its outer periphery and retained within the frame 2 by the rollers 12 and 14. More particularly, the ring 40 includes a projection 44 which extends around the outer circumference of the ring and defines upper and lower shoulders 46 and 48, respectively, which abut against rollers 12 and 14, respectively. Rigidly secured to the outer periphery of the projection 44 of the ring 40 are gear teeth 50. ~- -The ring 40 may be rotated relative to the frame 2 by means of drive train 60 shown in Figure 2. The drive train 60 includes a tor drive gear 62 which engages a clutch assembly 64.
More particularly, the motor drive gear 62 meshes with the clutch drive gear 66 which is rigidly attached to clutch shaft 68. The ;
clutch assembly also includes a low speed clutch gear 70 and a high speed clutch gear 72 which can be selectively actuated by moving a shifting collar (not shown) which surrounds clutch shaft 68 by means of a conventional shifting assembly (not shown). The low and high speed clutch gears 70 and 72 mesh with low and high speed pinion gears 7~ and 76, respectively. The low and high speed pinion gears 74 and 76 are carried by a sleeve 78 rotatably mounted upon a bearing post 80. The sleeve 78 includes gear teeth .. ~
-~SlEi76 82 which mesh with pinion idler gear 84. The pinion idler gear 84 in turn drives rotary idler gears 86 and 88 which mesh with the gear teeth 50 on the ring 40. The drive train is powered by a motor which has not been illustrated in the drawings. However, it will be understood that any conventional motor may be employed which is capable of rotating the motor drive gear 62 in either direction. The drive shaft of the motor fits into the keyed opening 90 of the motor drive gear.
The pipe-gripping mechanism further includes a die carrier 100 which is mounted for rotation on the tong and has an opening 101 which i5 adapted to align with the throat 10 of the frame and the opening 42 of the partial ring. The die carrier 100 includes upper and lower arcuate plates 102 and 104, respec-tively, spaced apart by spacer sleeves 106. The plates 102 and 104 are held in position by bolts 108 which have a lower threaded end portion 110 which is threaded into a threaded opening 112 in lower arcuate plate 104. The upper and lower plates 4 and 6 of the frame 2 have a plurality of guide wheels 114 rotatably mounted thereon. The guide wheels 114 are rotatably mounted on shafts 116 by means of suitable bearings The shafts 116 extend through openinys 118 in the upper and lower plates 4 and 6 and are retain-ed by nuts 120 housed in grooves 122 in ring 40. These guide wheels 114 ride in grooves 124 and 126 defined in the lower and upper surfaces, respectively, of the upper and lower plates 102 and 104, respectively. This construction permits the partial ring 40 and the die carrier 100 to rotate relative to one another. As ` will be appreciated, the grooves 124 and 126 may be defined in the upper and lower surfaces of the partial ring 40 and the guide wheels 114 rotatably mounted on the die carrier 100 so that the / 30 die carrier is rotatably mounted on the partial ring rather than -~ the frame.
:' , .,~ .
: ~ .
~756~
Mounted on the die carrierl00 are a pair o~die members 134 and 136, respectively. The d~e members each include similar-ly shaped upper and lower arcuate wall portions 301~ The die members also each include a cylindrically shaped side wall por, tion 142 and 143, respectlvely. Each o~ the die members 134 and 136 normally carries a front die 144 and 146~ respectively, a rear die 148 and 150, resp~ctively and center dies 145 and 149, respectively. The dies are mounted on the side wall portions 142 and 143. Each of the die members 134 and 136 also includes head rollers 152 and 154, respectlvely, which are rotatably mounted by head roller pins 156 and 158, respectlvely, between the arcuate upper and lower wall portlons 301 and act as cam followers. The dies are typically provided with serrated faces which grip the pipe sectlon. Although ~ront, rear and center dies have been illustrated, it will be apprec~ated that each of the die members 134 and 136 m~y only carry one die with the dies mounted in opposed relationship.
Each die member furthex comprises a pair of die member guid~s300 which include a guide passage 302 ~or receiving a guide rod 304. While only one dle member guide 300 mounted above the upper wall portion 301 ls shown ln ~igure 4, there is provided a second die member guide located just below the lower wall portion 301, and is identically constructed to guide 300 and operates inthe samemanner. Thedle member guide 300 can be inset intothe sidewall portion 142 o~ die members, and the guide passage 302 can also extend into the side wall portion 142. The guide rod 304 is fixedly mounted ~ithin the guide passage 302, One mode of mounting the gu~de rod ls to thread one end of the guide rod 304 and the guide p~sS~ge 3Q2 so that the xod can be screwed into the passage. ~nother embodiment,not shownr is to connect the gulde rod304 directl~ to the side wall portion 142 ~7~
~7;S6~
thereby eliminating the need for the guide 300.
The die carrier 100 further includes a guide passage 306 adapted to receive the guide rod 304. The guide passa~e 306 can be associated with a die carrier block 308, physically connected to the upper plate 102 of the die carrier 100, shown in Figure 4, or the guide passage 306 can be within the upper plate 102 of the die carrier, thus eliminating the necessity for the die carrier block 308. Alternatively, the guide passage 306 can be partially within the die carrier block 308 and partially within the upper plate 102.
The guide rod 304 is slidably mounted within the die carrier guide passage 306. Thus, it can be seen that the die member 134 can only move in a rectilinear manner relative to the die carrier 100. That is, the die member 134 can only move back and forth relative to the die carrier 100 as permitted by the .
movement of the guide rod 304 in the die carrier guide passage 306. In this manner, the die members are moved substantially perpendicular to the center line of the throat of the partial ring when being moved into engagement with a pipe section.
The inner surfaces of the side portion of the partial ring 40 facing the throat 10 are provided with three arcuate depressions on both sides of the pipe section. These depressions are positioned adjacent the die members 134 and 136. Depressions !,~! 160 and 171 serve as a neutral cam surface for receiving the head rollers 152 and 1~4, respectively, when the pipe-gripping mechanism is in its initial rest position. The depressions 162 and 163 serve as cam surfaces for urging the dies into gripping engagement with the pipe section when the ring 40 is rotated in the clockwise direction. The depressions 164 and 165, in like ~ manner, urge the dies into gripping engagement with the pipe section when the ring 40 is rotated in the counterclockwise direction.
` ~75~7~Eii The "cam angle~' of the cam surfaces 162, 163l 164, and 165 can vary depending the desired rectilinear movement of the die memhers. The preferred "cam angle" is about 1/2 to 5-1/2 degrees, and more preferably 2 to 3 degrees, with 2-1/2 degrees being most preferred to obtain the proper engagement for proper pipe handling.
The "cam angle" is defined as the angle formed by lines originating at the center of rotation of the partial ring ~0 and a point on a line perpendicular to the center line of the throat 10 and passing through the center of rotation and terminating at the point on the cam surface at which the cam follower is positioned when the dies are in contact with the pipe section.
The "cam anglei' is illustrated as "A" in Figure 2. The angle "A" is constructed as follows using the cam surface 163 as illustrati~e. A point "B" on the cam surface 163 is found at which the dies engage the pipe. This point "B" is independent of the pipe diameter since different size die members 134 and 136 are used depending upon the pipe diameter. A line l'C" is drawn between the center of rotation of the partial ring 40 and the point "B". A line "D" is then drawn between point "B" at the angle "A" from line "C" so that the line "D" intersects a line "E" which is perpendicular to the center line "F" of the throat at a point "G" which is between the center of rotation of the partial ring 40 and the neutral cam surface 162 which is adjacent point "B". The cam surface 163 and also the cam surface 165 form a portion of a circle having a center at point "G". The cam surfaces 162 and 164 are constructed in similar manner.
Referring now in more detail to the arrangement of the front and rear dies relative to the axis of rotation of the ring 40. It will be seen in Figure 2 that a circle drawn about this a~is may be divided into four quadrants by the center line "F" of the throat 10 and the line "E" passing throu~h the axis of -_g_ -. ~:
. .
,:
~751E;7~
rotation perpendicular to the center line. The rear dies 148 and 150 are located in adjacent rear quadrants and the front dies 144 and 146 are located in adjacent front quadrants of the circle.
Mounted to the upper plate 4 of frame 2 is an arcuate brake band 170 having flange portions 172. sOlts 174 extend through openings (not shown) in the flanges 172 and serve to attach the brake band 170 to brackets 176., The brackets 176 are welded to the upper plate 4 and the bolts 174 are retained by nuts .
178. ~he brake band 170 partially surrounds and frictionally engages the outer periphery of the upper plate 102 of the die carrier 100. The brake band 170 is restrained against vertical movement by retainers 180 which are bolted at 182 to the upper ~:
plate 4. Spring 184 is attached to brake band 170 at the rear ~ :
end to slightly tension the brake band away from the die carrier 100.
The bolt head of the rear bolt 108 is elongated to form a spacer. The top of the elongated bolt head has a threaded .
opening which receives the threaded end of bolt 190. Pivotally mounted on bolt 190 is a retainer plate 192 which has an opening which receives backing pin 194. Backing pin 194 has shoulder 195 which retains the backing pin in retainer plate 192. Backing pin 194 can be inserted into one of openings 196 and 198 in the upper plate 102 of die carrier 100. Openings 196 and 198 are positioned one on either side o backing lug 200 when the opening 101 in the die carrier 100 is aligned with the opening 42 in the .
partial ring 40. The backing lug 200 is mounted in a recess 202 in the upper surface of the partial ring 40. The backing lug 200 is retained in place by bolt 204 which is threaded into a threaded ~:
opening 206 in the partial ring 40. The backing pin 194 abuts against the backing lug 200 and causes the partial ring 40 and .
die carrier 100 to move in unison with their openings 42 and 101, ':
-10- .
.
.
~756~7~
respectively, aligned whlle the opening 42 in the partial ring 40 is being allgned with the throat 10 in the ~r~me.
In operation, the opening 42 in the partial ring 40 is aligned with the throat 10 in thP ~rame 2 so that the pipe section may be inserted into the lnterior o~ the partial ring. ~n in~
serting the pi.pe, the door 26 ls pi~oted open to allow the pipe to be placed ln the throat 10 ~nd then closed. When inserted, the exterior surface of the p~pe sect~on comes lnto contact with .
the rear dies 148 and 150 o~ link members 134 and 136, respective- ;
ly, and the longitudinal .RXiS of t~e pipe section is approximate- :
ly coincident with the axis of rot~tion of the partial ring 40.
After the pipe section is in posltlon~ power is applied by the motor (not shown) to rotate the paxtial ring 40 either clockwise or counterclockwlse. For the pu~pose o~ illustration, it will be assumed that the partial ring 40 is rotated in a clockwlse directlon, As the ring 4~ begins to ~otate in a clockwise direction from the positlon shown in ~igure 1 r the die carxier 100 will remain stationary because of the ~rictlonal enga~ement of the die carrier 100 with the brake band 170, There~ore, the cam surfaces 162 and 163 on the partial ring 40 ~ill move ~elative to the cam :
followers 152 and 154 on the die members 134 and 136, respective-1~. Upon continuedrotation o~the ~ng40~ the cam surface162 will .~;
cause the die member 134 to mo~e ~ectilinearly in a direction ~
dicatated by the quide p~sage 306~ and, ln llke manner, the cam surface 163 will cause the dle ~e~be~ 136 to move rectilinearly ~ :. .
in a similar manner. These movements o~the die members 134 and ~: :
136 will bring the dies tnto gr~pp~ng eng~gement ~ith the s~rface o~ the plpe section. ~ith thiS ~X~ngement~ the ~oXce exexted .
by the dies on the p~pe is concentrated at or ne~r the center o~ rotation o~ the pipe sect~on~ Moreover~ the ~orce is eyenly ~llr^ " ~`:
, . . , ,, - - - : , . .
.. ~ .. . .: . .. .. . . .,: : . :
- \
~7~676 distributed and controlled so that the pipe is gripped tightly enough to allow proper torque to be applied without crushing or damaging the pipe.
After the dies are brought into contact with the pipe section, further relative movement between the cam followers 152 and 154 and the cam surfaces 162 and 163 is not possible.
Accordingly, the die carrier lO0 will begin to rotate in unison with the ring 40. The pipe section, being tightly gripped by the opposed dies against relative movement with respect to the `~ lO die carrier, also will ~egin -to rotate in a clockwise direction.
This rotation may be continued for as many revolutions as may be required in order to make up or break apart a threaded connection between one end of the. pipe section and another pipe section positioned in alignment therewith.
After the pipe section has been rotated sufficiently to make up or break apart the joint, the tong may be freed from the pipe section by rotating the ring 40 in the opposite direction, namely, in the counterclockwise direction in terms of this illustration, to position the cam followers 152 and 154
2.0 adjacent the neutral cam surfaces 160 and 161, respectively.
With the parts in this position, the dies may be manually ,.
disengaged from the pipe section. Alternatively, springs (not shown) may be connected between the respecti~e die member guides and die carrier blocks to disengage the dies from the plpe section. Thereafter, the ring 40 may be further rotated in the counterclockwise direction, if necessary, to position its opening 42 in alignment with the throat 10. The rotation of ring 40 will also cause die carrier lO0 to be rotated back into its initial rest position by reason of the cooperation between backing pin 30 194 and backing lug 200 so that the pipe section may pass out of the tong.
.
~12 . . - .
~, .
11a 7~76 As will be appreciated, the tony is also capable of rotating the pipe section in a counterclockwise direction. In order to accomplish this, -the tong is operated in a manner substantially as described above, the only di~ference being that the partial ring 40 is rotated in the opposite direction and the cam surfaces 164 and 165 on the partial ring 40 cooperate with the cam followers 152 and 154. -It is to be understood that while one form of the invention has been illustrated, there are other forms which fall within the scope of the invention.
-13- ;
. .
With the parts in this position, the dies may be manually ,.
disengaged from the pipe section. Alternatively, springs (not shown) may be connected between the respecti~e die member guides and die carrier blocks to disengage the dies from the plpe section. Thereafter, the ring 40 may be further rotated in the counterclockwise direction, if necessary, to position its opening 42 in alignment with the throat 10. The rotation of ring 40 will also cause die carrier lO0 to be rotated back into its initial rest position by reason of the cooperation between backing pin 30 194 and backing lug 200 so that the pipe section may pass out of the tong.
.
~12 . . - .
~, .
11a 7~76 As will be appreciated, the tony is also capable of rotating the pipe section in a counterclockwise direction. In order to accomplish this, -the tong is operated in a manner substantially as described above, the only di~ference being that the partial ring 40 is rotated in the opposite direction and the cam surfaces 164 and 165 on the partial ring 40 cooperate with the cam followers 152 and 154. -It is to be understood that while one form of the invention has been illustrated, there are other forms which fall within the scope of the invention.
-13- ;
. .
Claims (10)
1. A power tong for rotating a pipe comprising a frame having a throat for receiving a pipe, a partial ring rotatably mounted on said frame for movement about a central axis and having an opening therein which is adapted to be aligned with said throat so that a pipe may be positioned within said partial ring, arcuate depressions formed on an inner surface of said partial ring, to define cam surfaces positioned on opposite sides of the center of said opening, means for rotating said partial ring about its central axis, a die carrier mounted on said tong for rotation relative to said partial ring, die means connected to said die carrier, cam followers carried by said die means and cooperating with said arcuate depressions of said partial ring so that, upon rotation of said partial ring relative to said die carrier in either direction, said die means are moved closer to said central axis of said partial ring, pipe-gripping dies mounted on said die means in position to engage a pipe positioned within said partial ring and guide means mounted on said die carrier axially spaced from said cam followers for causing said die means to move rectilinearly, said guide means comprising a guide passage, and a guide member slidably mounted with said guide passage, one end of said guide member connected to said die means whereby said die means are moved rectilinearly.
2. The power tong of claim 1 in which said die means engage said pipe positioned within said partial ring at a cam angle of about 1/2 to 5-1/2 degrees.
3. The power tong of claim 2 in which said cam surfaces include on each of said opposite sides of the center of said open-ing a neutral cam surface and two gripping cam surfaces, said neutral cam surfaces being radially outwardly of said gripping cam surfaces relative to said center of said opening to permit said pipe to be positioned in said opening.
4. The power tong of claim 3 in which said cam followers are positioned at a point along said gripping cam surfaces which is relatively close to said neutral cam surfaces when said die means engage said pipe.
5. The power tong of claim 4 in which said gripping cam surfaces form a portion of a circle having a center at a point along a line perpendicular to the center line of said opening in said partial ring which is spaced from the axis of rotation of said partial ring to define said cam angle.
6. A power tong for rotating a pipe comprising a frame having a throat for receiving a pipe, a partial ring rotatably mounted on said frame and having an opening therein which is ad-apted to be aligned with said throat so that a pipe may be posi-tioned within said partial ring, arcuate depressions on an inner surface of said partial ring to define cam surfaces disposed on opposite sides of the center line of said opening, means for rotat-ing said partial ring about its central axis, a die carrier mounted on said partial ring for rotation relative to said partial ring, die means connected to said die carrier mounted to move substan-tially perpendicular to the center line of said throat when being moved into engagement with a pipe including portions projecting into said arcuate depressions in the inner surface of said partial ring, pipe-gripping dies mounted on said die means, guide means mounted on said die carrier axially spaced from said portions pro-jecting into said arcuate depressions for causing said die means to move substantially perpendicular to the center line of said throat, said guide means comprising a guide passage, and a guide member slidably mounted within said guide passage, one end of said guide member connected to said die means whereby said die means are moved substantially perpendicular to the center line of said throat.
7. The power tong of claim 6 in which said die means engage said pipe positioned within said partial ring at a cam angle of about 1/2 to 5-1/2 degrees.
8. The power tong of claim 7 in which said cam surfaces include on each of said opposite sides of the center of said open-ing a neutral cam surface and two gripping cam surfaces, said neutral cam surfaces being radially outwardly of said gripping cam surfaces relative to said center of said opening to permit said pipe to be positioned in said opening.
9. The power tong of claim 8 in which said portions of said die means projecting into said arcuate depressions comprise cam followers, said cam followers being positioned at a point along said gripping cam surfaces which is relatively close to said neutral cam surfaces when said dies engage said pipe.
10. The power tong of claim 9 in which said gripping cam surfaces form a portion of a circle having a center at a point along a line perpendicular to the center line of said opening in said partial ring which is spaced from the axis of rotation of said partial ring to define said cam angle.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA297,816A CA1075676A (en) | 1978-02-27 | 1978-02-27 | Power tongs |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA297,816A CA1075676A (en) | 1978-02-27 | 1978-02-27 | Power tongs |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1075676A true CA1075676A (en) | 1980-04-15 |
Family
ID=4110869
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA297,816A Expired CA1075676A (en) | 1978-02-27 | 1978-02-27 | Power tongs |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1075676A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5144868A (en) * | 1990-05-08 | 1992-09-08 | Feigel Kurt R Jr | Power tongs |
| US9010219B2 (en) | 2010-06-07 | 2015-04-21 | Universe Machine Corporation | Compact power tong |
-
1978
- 1978-02-27 CA CA297,816A patent/CA1075676A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5144868A (en) * | 1990-05-08 | 1992-09-08 | Feigel Kurt R Jr | Power tongs |
| US9010219B2 (en) | 2010-06-07 | 2015-04-21 | Universe Machine Corporation | Compact power tong |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKEX | Expiry |