CA1075023A - Metallic concrete mold element - Google Patents
Metallic concrete mold elementInfo
- Publication number
- CA1075023A CA1075023A CA291,242A CA291242A CA1075023A CA 1075023 A CA1075023 A CA 1075023A CA 291242 A CA291242 A CA 291242A CA 1075023 A CA1075023 A CA 1075023A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- concrete
- wall
- constructed
- mold
- mold element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/18—Bulkheads or similar walls made solely of concrete in situ
Abstract
INVENTION: METALLIC CONCRETE MOLD ELEMENT
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A metallic mold element for concrete for the production of vertical joints during construction of diaphragm walls by means of the trench method of construction according to which the concrete walls to be constructed are initially cast section by section into soil trenches which are open at the ground surface and extend in longitudinal direction. The metallic mold element for concrete comprises a prism-shaped body including at least two oppositely arranged main side surfaces. A wedge-shaped pro-jection projects from one of said main side surfaces and extends perpendicularly to the base surface of said prismatic body.
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A metallic mold element for concrete for the production of vertical joints during construction of diaphragm walls by means of the trench method of construction according to which the concrete walls to be constructed are initially cast section by section into soil trenches which are open at the ground surface and extend in longitudinal direction. The metallic mold element for concrete comprises a prism-shaped body including at least two oppositely arranged main side surfaces. A wedge-shaped pro-jection projects from one of said main side surfaces and extends perpendicularly to the base surface of said prismatic body.
Description
~ lO~SOZ3 nACKGR~I!N~ OF TT~ INV~NTION
FIELD OF THE INVEM~ION
The present lnventlon relates to a new and improved metalllc mold element ror concrete to be used for the formation of vertical ~oints ln the constructlon of underground structure known as "dlaphragm wall" or "slurry wall".
The diaphragm wall or slurry wall ls a concrete wall cast into the soll to a varlable depth, varylng ln wldth and wlth a plan layout varlable according to the pro~ect requlrements.
The method of construction of sald dlaphragm wall is to proceed with excavating and then castlng concrete by limited lengths of wall. Inltlally a vertical trench of the width cor-respondlng to the wldth of the wall, of a length at the order of 3 to 6 m, is excavated by means of a clamshell or other suitable trenching equlpment, to the total depth designed for the wall7 The trench thus being dug ls being kept fil~ed with bentonite slurry having the function of supporting the side walls of the trench, such as to avoid a cave-in of the said side walls.
~ hen excavation of this trench has been completed to the required depth, the concrete is cast into the trench, where-by during casting oftthe concrete, the bentonite slurry is forced upwards and is continuously removed from the upper end of the trench. During the castlng of the concrete, the earth forming
FIELD OF THE INVEM~ION
The present lnventlon relates to a new and improved metalllc mold element ror concrete to be used for the formation of vertical ~oints ln the constructlon of underground structure known as "dlaphragm wall" or "slurry wall".
The diaphragm wall or slurry wall ls a concrete wall cast into the soll to a varlable depth, varylng ln wldth and wlth a plan layout varlable according to the pro~ect requlrements.
The method of construction of sald dlaphragm wall is to proceed with excavating and then castlng concrete by limited lengths of wall. Inltlally a vertical trench of the width cor-respondlng to the wldth of the wall, of a length at the order of 3 to 6 m, is excavated by means of a clamshell or other suitable trenching equlpment, to the total depth designed for the wall7 The trench thus being dug ls being kept fil~ed with bentonite slurry having the function of supporting the side walls of the trench, such as to avoid a cave-in of the said side walls.
~ hen excavation of this trench has been completed to the required depth, the concrete is cast into the trench, where-by during casting oftthe concrete, the bentonite slurry is forced upwards and is continuously removed from the upper end of the trench. During the castlng of the concrete, the earth forming
- 2 - ~ ~
., . -the slde walls of sald trench constltutes the parts of themolding box on the sldes of the trench, whlle on lts end, tem-porary steel moldlng forms are lnserted to the full depth of the trench to oreate therewlth smooth concrete surfaces agalnst which the ad~iacent wall sectlon wlll be cast. The area of contact between the two elements ln this manner obtalned, ls commonly called "vertlcal ~olnt". The segment of dlaphragm wall so ob- - -talned, ls commonly called "wall panel".
The maln functlons of the diaphragm wall structures are as follows:
.
a) Retalnlng wall when from one slde of the wall the earth ls removed.
Thls is for instance the case when diaphragm wall is adopted for the construction of basement floors, underground parkings~-or generally, underground constructions.
A diaphragm wall is installed all around the siee, , thereafter the soil inside is removed to the designed depth, thus `~ allowing the construction of the inside structure.
Another application is in the construction of tunnel for subway or underpasses. Two diaphragm walls are installed at the sides of the propo~ed tunnel and extend in longitudinal direction of said tunnel, thereafter the roof slab of the tunnel is cast and the soil thereunder is removed to form the tunnel.
b) Cutting off underground waters when a dlfference of water level is orlglnated on the two sldes of the wall. The .~
'~ 10750~3 ty~lcal case is in foundatlons Or dikes and dams to cut Orr water seepa~e in pervlous strata Or soll.
c) Both retainlng wall and water cut off ln case Or soll retainlng wall when the excavatlon ln one slde Or the wall ls at a level lower than the water table level at the other slde of the wall.
d) Foundation, when bullding or other structure are founded on dlaphragm wall elements.
.
In order to accomplish with the ~unctions ~or whlch the structure has been designed, particularly those Or earth support and water interception, the vertical ~olnt between the wall elements must f~lfll- the followlng requlrements:
..'~
1) to guarantee an effective key connexion capable of withstanding the horiz~tal shear force which might be acting on the ~oint as a consequence of dir~erent load conditions on the two wall elements and ., :
2) to be watertight.
Accordingly, special attention must be given to the moidlng forms for the concrete.
DESCRIPTIO'~ OF TH~ PRIOR ART
A known molding form for formlng the vertlcal ~olnt be-tween adJacent wall elements ls a clrcular, tubellke form called "stop end pipe", having a dlameter eaual to the wldth of the trench havlng been excavated. Such tubellke mold ls placed ver-tically at the locatlon of the end Or the future wall eleme~t prlor to castlng of the concrete. Once the castlng ls completed and the concrete sufflciently hardened, the pipe is withdrawn, leavlng a semlclrcular concave at the end surface of the concrete wall. When constructlng the next ad~olnlng element, concrete will be cast agalnst thls surface, thus reallzlng the ~oint.
At the orlgln of appllcatlon of dlaphragm walls, when the wall thlckness was rather small, the clrcular plpe was hltherto consldered the most approprlate mold form due to its capablllty of wlthstandlng the pressure of the concrete, whlch in the case of deep trenches is conslderably hlgh, whereby de-flectlons of the p~pe form re~n wlthln acceptable values.
However wlth the dlffuslon of dlaphra~m walls and the lncreaslng of wall thickness, such circular pipes in case of thick walls give rlse to shortcom ngs.
A) The shear strength resistance of the Jolnt is rather poortand relles more on the friction between the two abutting surfaces rather than on an effective key. The concrete at the extremities of the semlclrcular sectlon is generally ' 10750Z3 weakened, because due to the restrlcted space the concrete cast under the bentonite slurry mlght be faulty or unsound, or hecause that some areas of the concrete are often damaged by the chlsel-ling action which is requlred to break and remove any excess concrete which may have surrounded the plpe mold.
Therefore, the effectlve cr~ss-sectional area of the ~olnt ls reduced and moreover due to lts rather flat shape, the shear reslstance of the ~olnt cannot be lncreased by appropriate steel relnforcements. --B) Such plpe molds comprise several plpe sections con-nected to each other to obtaln a plpe of a length equal to the depth of the slde Rall or dlaphragm, respectlvely. The coupllng means between ad~acent plpe sectlons ls a compllcated matter be-cause they have to wlth~tand the hlgh forces to whlch the plpe ls sub~ect durlng lts pulllng out operatlon afterrthe concrete has hardened and also because of the requlred hlgh accuracy re-gardlng the allgnment of the plpe sections, such alignment belng essentlal for the wor~.
C) The clrcular plpe necessltates the use of clamps havlng a diameter equal to the dlameter o~ the plpe ltself, such as to clamp lt durlng the pulllng-out operatlon. Thls follows ln the requlrement of a masslve pulling out equipment which ls expenslve regarding purchase cost and maintenance. - -D) The adoption of a circular pipe of a diameter equal ` 1075023 to the width of the wall requires that the trench section corresponding to one wall section must be excavated two pipe diameters longer than the length of such wall section. This leads to inconveniences and to a reduction of the progress rate with consequent increase of the costs involved. It often also leads to a limitation of a desired length and shape of a diaphragm wall.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Hence, it is a general object of the present invention to provide an improved construction of a metallic mold element for concrete for the production of vertical joints in the con-struction of diaphragm walls. Another object of this invention is the provision of a metallic mold element for concrete comprising a prism-shaped body including at least two oppositely arranged parallel main side surfaces wherein a wedge-shaped projection projects from one of said main side surfaces and extends perpendicularly to the base surface of said prismatic body.
Thus the present invention provides, in a metallic mol~ element having a prism shaped body for use in the production of vertical joints during in-situ construction of concrete diaphragm walls by means of the slurry trench method of construc-tion according to which the concrete walls to be constructed are initially cast, wall section by wall section, into vertically excavated soil trenches which are open at the ground surface and extend in the longitudinal direction of the wall to be constructed, the improvement wherein the surface of said prism shaped body against which concrete is molded has a triangularly shaped vertical projection means formed thereon and spaced from the sides of the element to mold a vertical, trenching tool guide in the end of the concrete wall section being cast, and the ~ ` .
~075023 overall length of said metallic mold element extending in the wall direction being less than its width and the width of the diaphragm wall being constructed.
In another aspect the invention provides, in a metallic mold element having a prism shaped body for use in the production of vertical joints during in-situ construction of concrete diaphragm walls by means of the slurry trench method of con-struction according to which the concrete walls to be constructed . .
are initially cast, wall section by wall section, into soil trenches which are open at the ground surface and extend in the longitudinal direction of the wall to be constructed, the improvement wherein said prism shaped body has an overall length extending in the longitudinal direction of the wall to be constructed which is less than its width and the width of the diaphragm wall being constructed and has a concrete molding surface comprising a pair of spaced co-planar surfaces which are ; transverse to the longitudinal axis for said wall and at least a pair of intersecting, non co-planar surfaces forming a wedge shaped projection means on said concrete molding surface.
In a further embodiment the present invention provides a metallic mold element for use in the production of vertical joints during in-situ construction of concrete diaphragm walls by means of the slurry trench method of construction according to which the concrete walls to be constructed are initially cast, wall section by wall section, in soil trenches which are open at the ground surface and whose walls extend in the longitudinal direction of the wall to be constructed, comprising a prism shaped body having parallel arranged side fàces extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the trench and - 30 spaced from each other; one of said side faces facing the _ ~ - 8 -`` ~0750Z3 portion of the trench to be filled with concrete and defining with the walls of the trench a mold form for the concrete to be poured to form a wall section; said one of said side faces against which the concrete is molded having at least one triangularly shaped vertical projection means formed thereon to form a wedge shaped indentation on the concrete molded surface; said side faces shaped and spaced from each other, with one of said side faces having said vertical projection means to mold a vertical trenching tool guide on the end of the concrete wall section cast; the prism shaped body having an overall dimension in the longitudinal direction of the trench less than its width and the width of the diaphragm wall being constructed. Preferably such a mold element is provided wherein at least one plate projects from a top surface of said prism-shaped body, said plate extending parallel to said parallel arranged side surfaces, and wherein the slot is provided at the base surface of said prism-shaped body, said slot being intended for receival of the plate of a further mold element. Further, preferably, such a mold element is provided wherein said plate comprises a first through hole and said prism shaped body comprises a second through hole, said second through hole being located in the area of said slot, whereby both said through holes extend parallel to secondary side surfaces connecting said side faces and whereby in the case of two mole elements placed upon each other the second through hole of the upper element is in alignment with the first through hole of the lower element, and wherein a pin is provided, said pin adapted to extend through said first and said second through holes connecting said two elements to each other.
In ,further aspects of the invention such mold elements are provided wherein two parallel extending plates are provided .
`"` ~0750Z3 for connecting the mold element to another vertically arranged mold element.
Also, such mold elements are provided wherein said prism-shaped body is a hollow steel body.
~` BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will be better understood and objects other than those set forth above will become apparent when ~_ - 9(a) -~0750Z3 consideratlon is glven to the following detalled descrl~tion thereof. Such descrlption makes reference to the annexed drawlngs whereln:
Flg~ 1 ls a section, ln longltudlnal dlrection of the diaphragm wall through a trench provided with two pipelike molds according to the prior a~t lnto which trench concrete is belng cast, Flgure 2 ls a sectlon along the llne II-II of Fig. 1, Fig. 3 is a part of the sectlon of Fig. 2, shown in a larger scale, Flg~ 4, ~9~a sectl~on of a ~olnt between two diaphragm wall elements cast accordlng to the prior art, i ', Fig. 5 shows two sectlons~acco~dijng~to~e~e~t~no~f ~, Fig. 2, whereby one sectlon lllustrates a required length of ~, excavatlon according to the prior art and the other section the required length of excavation when using the inventi w mold, .'. - - .
, Flg, 6 ls a perspective view Or two mold elements, `: :
Fig. 7 is a section in longitudlnal direction of the diaphragm wall axls through a trench provlded wlth two m~ld elements accordlng to the lnvention, into which trench concrete is being cast.
~.
: ' - . ' . ' . , ' -`- ~075023 Flg ~ ls a sectlon along the llne VIII-VIII Or Flg. 1, Flg. 9 ls a sectlon through a Jolnt between two dla-phragm wall panels cast accordlng to the lnventlon, ' .
Fig 10 ls a sectlon slmllar to the section of Fig. 3 of an end portlon cast ln accordance wlth the invention, Flg, 11 - Fig. 13 are sections of ~oints between side walls obtainable by varlous embodiments of the inventive mold.
;~ Fig. 14(A) and 14(B~ are the same sections as shown in Fig, 3 and 10, however, in case of abnormal quantity of concrete surrounding the mold whlle casting the wall element 55, , - Flg, 15(A) ls a cross sectlon of the mold element, typlcal for wall thlckness bigger than 1,00 m, and ! .
Fig. 15(B) shows the internai reinforcing plates of ~` the mold.
.. .
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Describing now the drawings there is shown the prlor art ln Fig. 1 and Fig. 2; a section of a trench 1 in longitu-dinal direction of wall axis indicated by the arrow 2. The ground level is indlcated by the -nU~r~a233 and the depth of the trench by 4. Th~s trench 1 has been dug out in a known way by .
.
~` 10750Z3 means of a generally known trenchlng equlpment. In order to avold a caving ln of the slde walls 5 of the trench thls trench ls belng kept fllled wlth bentonlte slurry 6. At the two ends of the trench there ls lnserted a plpellke mold 7, each havlng a clr-cular cross-sectlon and oomprlsing several sectlons cQnnectedtbo each other, not shown ln detall ln the drawlng. Thls plpellke mold 7 constltutes the p~ior arb~ A dlp tube 8 ls lnserted lnto the trench l and the bentonlte slurry 6. By means of thls dlp tube 8 concrete 9 ls cast, whereby ~rlng the castlng the dlp tube 8 ls contlnuously moved upwards. The concrete 9 fllllng con-tlnuously the trench l urges the bentonlte slurry 6 upwards, whlch slurry ls contlnuously removed ln a known way. The castlng of the concrete 9 ls carrled out u~ll the requlred helght of the lntended wall ls reached.
.
In Flg. 2 the cross-sectlon through the trench l ls shown, whereby the wldth of the wall to be cast ls deslgnated -wlth the numeral lO. Accordlngly, the two earth slde walls 5 of the trench form two slde walls of the mold for the concrete 9, whlch ls cast dlrectly agalnst these slde walls 5, whereby the two end walls of the mold are formed by the outer surface areas ~--faclng each other of the plpellke molds 7 whlch are constructed ln accordance wlth the prlor art. :~
In Flg. 3 there ls shown an end area of the concrete ~
wall in the trench l in accordance wlth the prlor art, whereby ~ -the concrete ls now hardened, thus formlng one completed wall element. The mold 7, l~.e. the plpe has been pulled out by means -~ 10750Z3 of a known pulllng out ma~hine. It ls now obvious that the plpe mold 7, during castlng of the concrete 9 has been more or less surrounded by excess concrete, leaving the circular concrete residue lndlcated with the numeral 11.
The lntended effectlve ~oint contact area is shown by 12. The excess concrete 11 will be removed during excavation of the ad~acent trench for the ad~acent wall element, lndlcated by 14. The areas 15 of the excess concrete 11 are weake~ed areas, whlch wlll be removed untll the lines 13, which then deflne the . contact area 12 of the ~oint. It is now obv ous that the exact location of the lines due to mlssing edges is not defined, such that~the~e,Xte~toof~the~contact,lsur~ace~`12,1s 7 also-not exaotly , definable, In Flg. 4 there are shown two completed ad~olning wall sectlons, and speclflcally the ~oint therebetween. Lateral pres- ' sures actlng onbo the section 9 and the sectlon 14 are lndlcated by arrows 16 and 17, respectlvely. If the pressure actlng on sectlon 9 exceeds the pressure actlng on section 14, the ~olnt ls sub~ected to a shearlng load and lt ls obvlous that such ~olnt is rather not su~ to transmlt a large lateral load, in thls case from the wall sectlon 14 to the wall sectlon 9.
,' Flg. 14 shows the end sectlon of the wall element 55 in the two,cases of vertlcal ~olnt formed according to the prlor art (Flg, 14(A) and according to the lnvention (Fig. 14B), ln case of abnormal quantity of concrete surroundlng the mola form :
iO7S023 due to soll cavltatloniln the vlclnlty of the ~olnt.
In the case Or the prlor art (Flg. 14A) durlng excava-tlon of the next element 56, the excess concrete wlll llkely break along llnes 53 and 54, Thls wlll glve rise to a devlatlon of the wall element 56 durlng lts excavatlon from the theoretical axls 57 to the posltlon 58, In case o~ the lnventlon tFlg~ 14B), durlng the excava-tlon of the adJacent panel 56, the excess concrete wlll break of course along llnes 51 or 52, ln both cases allowing the construc-tion of the adJacent panel 56 ln lts exact positlon, .
In Fig, 15A ls shown the cross-section Or the mold ~ -element as per the lnventlon whlch is normally adopted in case of wall thlckness exceedlng 1,00 m, In this case two tr~angular proJections ar adopted, In Flg, 15B is shown a detail of the lnternal rein-~orclng plates t60) which provide the form wlth the rlgidity that ls required to withstand the pressure of the concrete.
In Fig, 6 there ls now shown in detail a perspectlve vlew of the lower part (19) and the upper part (18) of two identical mold elements, manufactured in accordance with the in- -ventlon, Each element 18, 19 ls a prism-shaped body havlng a flat rear maln side surface 20, Furthermore said body comprlses ,;" .
~0750Z3 a front maln side surrace 21, from whlch slde surrace 21 there ~ro~ects a wedge-llke ~ro~ectlon 23 conslstlng malnly of two mating surfaces 24 and 25. Furthermore, the rear main side sur' face 20 ls connected at one end by means of a perpendlcularly extendlng secondary slde surface 26 wlth.~! one end of the front main surface 21, and the opposlng ends of the main side surfaces 20, 21 are connected by means of a further secondary side surface 27 with one another, whereby the two secondary side surfaces 26, 27 extend parallel to each other. It ls to be noted that the ridge 28 of the wedge 23 extends parallel to the slde sur~aces 20,21, 26~and 27.
-i5-The body rurther has a to~ surface 29 extendln~ per-pendicularly to e.~. the ridge 2~ and a bottom sur~ace 30 ex-tending par~el to said top surface 29. From the top surface 29 there pro~ect ~wo platellke lugs 31, 32. At the bottom surface two slits 33, 34 are provlded~ whereby sllt 34 is not shown. The location and shape o~ the p~te 31 correspond to the locatlon and shape of the sllt 33, and the location and shape of plate 32 correspond to the shape and locatlon o~ sllt 34. Accordlngly, when two such elements 18,19 are placed upon each other (whereby the actual number of elements placed upon each other is higher and depends from the depth of the trench~ such as indlcated in Flg. 6, which can be consldered an exploded vlew of a section of the concrete mold, plate 31 ls inserted into the slot 33 and plate 32 is inserted in slot 34.
Plate 3~ is provided with a through hole 35 and plate 32 is provided with a through hole 36, and, ~urthermore, the area of the body 18 tand 19) is provided at the area of slot 33 with a further through hole 37 and at the slot 34 with another through hole 38, ~ he through holes 35, 37 and 36, 38 are located at corresponding ~æ~t~o~ such that when the two elements 18, 19 are placed upon each other, a pin 39 can bè inserted through the through holes 35, 37 being in register with each other thus locking the two elements together. Obviously a further pin is provided ~or p~ate 32 and slot 34, which however is not shown in the drawing.
Each element comprises further holes or openlngs 40 for recelpt of plns or hooks Or a pulllng out machlne~known as such and thus not shown.
The bodles la, 19 are hollow steel bodles. They com-prlse malnly two shaped thlck steel plates, whereby one ste~l plate forms the rear maln slde surface 20 and half of each the secondary side surfaces 26, 27 until the longltudinal line 41. The other steel plate forms the front surface 21 integrally with ethe wedge 23 and the second half of the secondary side surfaces 26,27. These two plates are welded together along the line 41 which thus ls a welding seam 41. The body is thus com-pleted by welding further flat steel plates to the first men-tioned two steel plates, such th~t the top 29 and the bottom 30, the pro~ecting plates 31,32 and also the slots 33,34 are ob-tained.
The openlngs or through holes, respectively, are drilled at a suitable step during manufacture of the plates or bodies, respectiv~y.
In Fig. 7, which ls a sectlon similar to Fig. 1, there is shown the casting of the concrete 9 lnto the trench 1 filled with bentonite slurry 6, whereby the two steel molds 42 consist now of a number of coupled mold elements shown in Fig. 6, Referring now to Fig. 5, it has been mentioned earlier that in order to construct the trench section 1 use is made of a ~75GZ3 clamshell grab or other trenchlng equlpment, that the steel mold gets placed and finally the concrete cast lnto the trench 1 pushlng the bentonlte slurry 6 upwards.
In order to obtain now one wall element 9 featurlng a specific final length 43 it is obvious that a much longer length 44 of the trench must be excavated when uslng a clrcular steel mold according to the prior art compared with the reduced length 45 of a trench which can be constructed by using the molds according to the invention.
In Fig. 9, which is an enlarged end section of the section of the wall shown in Fig. 8, whereby the ~oint between two ad~acent cast wall sections is shown ln sectlon.
It is obvious, in comparison with the ~oint shown in Fig. 4, an effective key eapable of transmitting large lateral loads is obtained. Furthermore, the extent of the ~oint laterally is almost two times the iength obtainable by means of the prior art, such that an effectlve sealing off of ground water seepage is obtained.
In Figl 10 there is shown the end section of a wall element 9 after the steel mold has been retrleved and before the excess concrete 46 has been removed. There exists here a sharply defined line 47 unto which the excess concrete will be removed thus leaving at every ~oint a well defined form of the face of the wall segment 9.
The trian~ular shape of the pro~ectlon 23 an~ there-wlth obtalned ~oint as shown in Fig. 9 corresponds to the maxi-mum~ shear resistance obtalnable, taking the quallty and the homo-genelty of the concrete cast~under bentonlte slurry lnto consl-deratlon,~ Furthermore, ln case of lateral forces of dlfferent value acting on the ad~acent elements, the shear resistance can be increased by means Or adequate steel reinforcements shown ln Fig 13 lnstalled ln the wall elements, whereby the contour of the ~olnt allows placing of the ste~l bars at the ~oint itself ~hereby such bars can overlap at the ~oints, relatlve to the longltudlnal extenslon of the walls.
The thlckness of the inventlve mold ls very small ln comparlson with the circular plpe. It nevertheless wlll, due to its partlcular form, have a sufflclent rlgldlty such as to keep the aeflection of the mold due to concrete pressures wlthln acceptable llmlts. The rlgldlty of the form, due to said par-tlcular shape, ls comparable wlth the rlgidity of the circular plpe.
After pulllng out of the mold when one wall section is sufflciently hard, tsee Fig, 10), there exists at the face of the wall element 9 a void space 48 of such dimensions as to be an efficient gulde for the clamshell grab durlng excavation of the ad~acent wall element and to lmprove the progress of the ~075023 excavatlon. Moreover, due to the partlcular shape Or the race, an e~flclent gulde ror the clamshell grab ls provlded.
, Since many modlflcatlons, varlatlons and changes in detall may be made to the descrlbed embodlments, it i~ lntended that all matter contalned ln the~ or~g~ng~de~ ptiono~r~'sh-~n ln~the accompanylng drawlngs be interpreted as lllustratlve and 7 not ln a llmltlng sense.
Accordingly, Fig. 11 shows a ~olnt when uslng mold elements havlng a triangular wedgelike pro~ection about as shown in Fig. 6, to be used when medium lateral rorces are expected. ~ -.~ .
The basis 49 of the triangular pro~ection of an element following ln a form o~ the ~olnt as shown ln F~g. 12, i's~shortér than the one shown in Flg, 11, thus such ~oint is to be used when comparatively smail lateral ~orces are expected.
The basis 49 according to Fig. 13 is needed ~or large , lateral forces, in which case steel rein~orcementssa~e~u~d~n the wall segments and extending into the area of the ~oints.
., . -the slde walls of sald trench constltutes the parts of themolding box on the sldes of the trench, whlle on lts end, tem-porary steel moldlng forms are lnserted to the full depth of the trench to oreate therewlth smooth concrete surfaces agalnst which the ad~iacent wall sectlon wlll be cast. The area of contact between the two elements ln this manner obtalned, ls commonly called "vertlcal ~olnt". The segment of dlaphragm wall so ob- - -talned, ls commonly called "wall panel".
The maln functlons of the diaphragm wall structures are as follows:
.
a) Retalnlng wall when from one slde of the wall the earth ls removed.
Thls is for instance the case when diaphragm wall is adopted for the construction of basement floors, underground parkings~-or generally, underground constructions.
A diaphragm wall is installed all around the siee, , thereafter the soil inside is removed to the designed depth, thus `~ allowing the construction of the inside structure.
Another application is in the construction of tunnel for subway or underpasses. Two diaphragm walls are installed at the sides of the propo~ed tunnel and extend in longitudinal direction of said tunnel, thereafter the roof slab of the tunnel is cast and the soil thereunder is removed to form the tunnel.
b) Cutting off underground waters when a dlfference of water level is orlglnated on the two sldes of the wall. The .~
'~ 10750~3 ty~lcal case is in foundatlons Or dikes and dams to cut Orr water seepa~e in pervlous strata Or soll.
c) Both retainlng wall and water cut off ln case Or soll retainlng wall when the excavatlon ln one slde Or the wall ls at a level lower than the water table level at the other slde of the wall.
d) Foundation, when bullding or other structure are founded on dlaphragm wall elements.
.
In order to accomplish with the ~unctions ~or whlch the structure has been designed, particularly those Or earth support and water interception, the vertical ~olnt between the wall elements must f~lfll- the followlng requlrements:
..'~
1) to guarantee an effective key connexion capable of withstanding the horiz~tal shear force which might be acting on the ~oint as a consequence of dir~erent load conditions on the two wall elements and ., :
2) to be watertight.
Accordingly, special attention must be given to the moidlng forms for the concrete.
DESCRIPTIO'~ OF TH~ PRIOR ART
A known molding form for formlng the vertlcal ~olnt be-tween adJacent wall elements ls a clrcular, tubellke form called "stop end pipe", having a dlameter eaual to the wldth of the trench havlng been excavated. Such tubellke mold ls placed ver-tically at the locatlon of the end Or the future wall eleme~t prlor to castlng of the concrete. Once the castlng ls completed and the concrete sufflciently hardened, the pipe is withdrawn, leavlng a semlclrcular concave at the end surface of the concrete wall. When constructlng the next ad~olnlng element, concrete will be cast agalnst thls surface, thus reallzlng the ~oint.
At the orlgln of appllcatlon of dlaphragm walls, when the wall thlckness was rather small, the clrcular plpe was hltherto consldered the most approprlate mold form due to its capablllty of wlthstandlng the pressure of the concrete, whlch in the case of deep trenches is conslderably hlgh, whereby de-flectlons of the p~pe form re~n wlthln acceptable values.
However wlth the dlffuslon of dlaphra~m walls and the lncreaslng of wall thickness, such circular pipes in case of thick walls give rlse to shortcom ngs.
A) The shear strength resistance of the Jolnt is rather poortand relles more on the friction between the two abutting surfaces rather than on an effective key. The concrete at the extremities of the semlclrcular sectlon is generally ' 10750Z3 weakened, because due to the restrlcted space the concrete cast under the bentonite slurry mlght be faulty or unsound, or hecause that some areas of the concrete are often damaged by the chlsel-ling action which is requlred to break and remove any excess concrete which may have surrounded the plpe mold.
Therefore, the effectlve cr~ss-sectional area of the ~olnt ls reduced and moreover due to lts rather flat shape, the shear reslstance of the ~olnt cannot be lncreased by appropriate steel relnforcements. --B) Such plpe molds comprise several plpe sections con-nected to each other to obtaln a plpe of a length equal to the depth of the slde Rall or dlaphragm, respectlvely. The coupllng means between ad~acent plpe sectlons ls a compllcated matter be-cause they have to wlth~tand the hlgh forces to whlch the plpe ls sub~ect durlng lts pulllng out operatlon afterrthe concrete has hardened and also because of the requlred hlgh accuracy re-gardlng the allgnment of the plpe sections, such alignment belng essentlal for the wor~.
C) The clrcular plpe necessltates the use of clamps havlng a diameter equal to the dlameter o~ the plpe ltself, such as to clamp lt durlng the pulllng-out operatlon. Thls follows ln the requlrement of a masslve pulling out equipment which ls expenslve regarding purchase cost and maintenance. - -D) The adoption of a circular pipe of a diameter equal ` 1075023 to the width of the wall requires that the trench section corresponding to one wall section must be excavated two pipe diameters longer than the length of such wall section. This leads to inconveniences and to a reduction of the progress rate with consequent increase of the costs involved. It often also leads to a limitation of a desired length and shape of a diaphragm wall.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Hence, it is a general object of the present invention to provide an improved construction of a metallic mold element for concrete for the production of vertical joints in the con-struction of diaphragm walls. Another object of this invention is the provision of a metallic mold element for concrete comprising a prism-shaped body including at least two oppositely arranged parallel main side surfaces wherein a wedge-shaped projection projects from one of said main side surfaces and extends perpendicularly to the base surface of said prismatic body.
Thus the present invention provides, in a metallic mol~ element having a prism shaped body for use in the production of vertical joints during in-situ construction of concrete diaphragm walls by means of the slurry trench method of construc-tion according to which the concrete walls to be constructed are initially cast, wall section by wall section, into vertically excavated soil trenches which are open at the ground surface and extend in the longitudinal direction of the wall to be constructed, the improvement wherein the surface of said prism shaped body against which concrete is molded has a triangularly shaped vertical projection means formed thereon and spaced from the sides of the element to mold a vertical, trenching tool guide in the end of the concrete wall section being cast, and the ~ ` .
~075023 overall length of said metallic mold element extending in the wall direction being less than its width and the width of the diaphragm wall being constructed.
In another aspect the invention provides, in a metallic mold element having a prism shaped body for use in the production of vertical joints during in-situ construction of concrete diaphragm walls by means of the slurry trench method of con-struction according to which the concrete walls to be constructed . .
are initially cast, wall section by wall section, into soil trenches which are open at the ground surface and extend in the longitudinal direction of the wall to be constructed, the improvement wherein said prism shaped body has an overall length extending in the longitudinal direction of the wall to be constructed which is less than its width and the width of the diaphragm wall being constructed and has a concrete molding surface comprising a pair of spaced co-planar surfaces which are ; transverse to the longitudinal axis for said wall and at least a pair of intersecting, non co-planar surfaces forming a wedge shaped projection means on said concrete molding surface.
In a further embodiment the present invention provides a metallic mold element for use in the production of vertical joints during in-situ construction of concrete diaphragm walls by means of the slurry trench method of construction according to which the concrete walls to be constructed are initially cast, wall section by wall section, in soil trenches which are open at the ground surface and whose walls extend in the longitudinal direction of the wall to be constructed, comprising a prism shaped body having parallel arranged side fàces extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the trench and - 30 spaced from each other; one of said side faces facing the _ ~ - 8 -`` ~0750Z3 portion of the trench to be filled with concrete and defining with the walls of the trench a mold form for the concrete to be poured to form a wall section; said one of said side faces against which the concrete is molded having at least one triangularly shaped vertical projection means formed thereon to form a wedge shaped indentation on the concrete molded surface; said side faces shaped and spaced from each other, with one of said side faces having said vertical projection means to mold a vertical trenching tool guide on the end of the concrete wall section cast; the prism shaped body having an overall dimension in the longitudinal direction of the trench less than its width and the width of the diaphragm wall being constructed. Preferably such a mold element is provided wherein at least one plate projects from a top surface of said prism-shaped body, said plate extending parallel to said parallel arranged side surfaces, and wherein the slot is provided at the base surface of said prism-shaped body, said slot being intended for receival of the plate of a further mold element. Further, preferably, such a mold element is provided wherein said plate comprises a first through hole and said prism shaped body comprises a second through hole, said second through hole being located in the area of said slot, whereby both said through holes extend parallel to secondary side surfaces connecting said side faces and whereby in the case of two mole elements placed upon each other the second through hole of the upper element is in alignment with the first through hole of the lower element, and wherein a pin is provided, said pin adapted to extend through said first and said second through holes connecting said two elements to each other.
In ,further aspects of the invention such mold elements are provided wherein two parallel extending plates are provided .
`"` ~0750Z3 for connecting the mold element to another vertically arranged mold element.
Also, such mold elements are provided wherein said prism-shaped body is a hollow steel body.
~` BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will be better understood and objects other than those set forth above will become apparent when ~_ - 9(a) -~0750Z3 consideratlon is glven to the following detalled descrl~tion thereof. Such descrlption makes reference to the annexed drawlngs whereln:
Flg~ 1 ls a section, ln longltudlnal dlrection of the diaphragm wall through a trench provided with two pipelike molds according to the prior a~t lnto which trench concrete is belng cast, Flgure 2 ls a sectlon along the llne II-II of Fig. 1, Fig. 3 is a part of the sectlon of Fig. 2, shown in a larger scale, Flg~ 4, ~9~a sectl~on of a ~olnt between two diaphragm wall elements cast accordlng to the prior art, i ', Fig. 5 shows two sectlons~acco~dijng~to~e~e~t~no~f ~, Fig. 2, whereby one sectlon lllustrates a required length of ~, excavatlon according to the prior art and the other section the required length of excavation when using the inventi w mold, .'. - - .
, Flg, 6 ls a perspective view Or two mold elements, `: :
Fig. 7 is a section in longitudlnal direction of the diaphragm wall axls through a trench provlded wlth two m~ld elements accordlng to the lnvention, into which trench concrete is being cast.
~.
: ' - . ' . ' . , ' -`- ~075023 Flg ~ ls a sectlon along the llne VIII-VIII Or Flg. 1, Flg. 9 ls a sectlon through a Jolnt between two dla-phragm wall panels cast accordlng to the lnventlon, ' .
Fig 10 ls a sectlon slmllar to the section of Fig. 3 of an end portlon cast ln accordance wlth the invention, Flg, 11 - Fig. 13 are sections of ~oints between side walls obtainable by varlous embodiments of the inventive mold.
;~ Fig. 14(A) and 14(B~ are the same sections as shown in Fig, 3 and 10, however, in case of abnormal quantity of concrete surrounding the mold whlle casting the wall element 55, , - Flg, 15(A) ls a cross sectlon of the mold element, typlcal for wall thlckness bigger than 1,00 m, and ! .
Fig. 15(B) shows the internai reinforcing plates of ~` the mold.
.. .
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Describing now the drawings there is shown the prlor art ln Fig. 1 and Fig. 2; a section of a trench 1 in longitu-dinal direction of wall axis indicated by the arrow 2. The ground level is indlcated by the -nU~r~a233 and the depth of the trench by 4. Th~s trench 1 has been dug out in a known way by .
.
~` 10750Z3 means of a generally known trenchlng equlpment. In order to avold a caving ln of the slde walls 5 of the trench thls trench ls belng kept fllled wlth bentonlte slurry 6. At the two ends of the trench there ls lnserted a plpellke mold 7, each havlng a clr-cular cross-sectlon and oomprlsing several sectlons cQnnectedtbo each other, not shown ln detall ln the drawlng. Thls plpellke mold 7 constltutes the p~ior arb~ A dlp tube 8 ls lnserted lnto the trench l and the bentonlte slurry 6. By means of thls dlp tube 8 concrete 9 ls cast, whereby ~rlng the castlng the dlp tube 8 ls contlnuously moved upwards. The concrete 9 fllllng con-tlnuously the trench l urges the bentonlte slurry 6 upwards, whlch slurry ls contlnuously removed ln a known way. The castlng of the concrete 9 ls carrled out u~ll the requlred helght of the lntended wall ls reached.
.
In Flg. 2 the cross-sectlon through the trench l ls shown, whereby the wldth of the wall to be cast ls deslgnated -wlth the numeral lO. Accordlngly, the two earth slde walls 5 of the trench form two slde walls of the mold for the concrete 9, whlch ls cast dlrectly agalnst these slde walls 5, whereby the two end walls of the mold are formed by the outer surface areas ~--faclng each other of the plpellke molds 7 whlch are constructed ln accordance wlth the prlor art. :~
In Flg. 3 there ls shown an end area of the concrete ~
wall in the trench l in accordance wlth the prlor art, whereby ~ -the concrete ls now hardened, thus formlng one completed wall element. The mold 7, l~.e. the plpe has been pulled out by means -~ 10750Z3 of a known pulllng out ma~hine. It ls now obvious that the plpe mold 7, during castlng of the concrete 9 has been more or less surrounded by excess concrete, leaving the circular concrete residue lndlcated with the numeral 11.
The lntended effectlve ~oint contact area is shown by 12. The excess concrete 11 will be removed during excavation of the ad~acent trench for the ad~acent wall element, lndlcated by 14. The areas 15 of the excess concrete 11 are weake~ed areas, whlch wlll be removed untll the lines 13, which then deflne the . contact area 12 of the ~oint. It is now obv ous that the exact location of the lines due to mlssing edges is not defined, such that~the~e,Xte~toof~the~contact,lsur~ace~`12,1s 7 also-not exaotly , definable, In Flg. 4 there are shown two completed ad~olning wall sectlons, and speclflcally the ~oint therebetween. Lateral pres- ' sures actlng onbo the section 9 and the sectlon 14 are lndlcated by arrows 16 and 17, respectlvely. If the pressure actlng on sectlon 9 exceeds the pressure actlng on section 14, the ~olnt ls sub~ected to a shearlng load and lt ls obvlous that such ~olnt is rather not su~ to transmlt a large lateral load, in thls case from the wall sectlon 14 to the wall sectlon 9.
,' Flg. 14 shows the end sectlon of the wall element 55 in the two,cases of vertlcal ~olnt formed according to the prlor art (Flg, 14(A) and according to the lnvention (Fig. 14B), ln case of abnormal quantity of concrete surroundlng the mola form :
iO7S023 due to soll cavltatloniln the vlclnlty of the ~olnt.
In the case Or the prlor art (Flg. 14A) durlng excava-tlon of the next element 56, the excess concrete wlll llkely break along llnes 53 and 54, Thls wlll glve rise to a devlatlon of the wall element 56 durlng lts excavatlon from the theoretical axls 57 to the posltlon 58, In case o~ the lnventlon tFlg~ 14B), durlng the excava-tlon of the adJacent panel 56, the excess concrete wlll break of course along llnes 51 or 52, ln both cases allowing the construc-tion of the adJacent panel 56 ln lts exact positlon, .
In Fig, 15A ls shown the cross-section Or the mold ~ -element as per the lnventlon whlch is normally adopted in case of wall thlckness exceedlng 1,00 m, In this case two tr~angular proJections ar adopted, In Flg, 15B is shown a detail of the lnternal rein-~orclng plates t60) which provide the form wlth the rlgidity that ls required to withstand the pressure of the concrete.
In Fig, 6 there ls now shown in detail a perspectlve vlew of the lower part (19) and the upper part (18) of two identical mold elements, manufactured in accordance with the in- -ventlon, Each element 18, 19 ls a prism-shaped body havlng a flat rear maln side surface 20, Furthermore said body comprlses ,;" .
~0750Z3 a front maln side surrace 21, from whlch slde surrace 21 there ~ro~ects a wedge-llke ~ro~ectlon 23 conslstlng malnly of two mating surfaces 24 and 25. Furthermore, the rear main side sur' face 20 ls connected at one end by means of a perpendlcularly extendlng secondary slde surface 26 wlth.~! one end of the front main surface 21, and the opposlng ends of the main side surfaces 20, 21 are connected by means of a further secondary side surface 27 with one another, whereby the two secondary side surfaces 26, 27 extend parallel to each other. It ls to be noted that the ridge 28 of the wedge 23 extends parallel to the slde sur~aces 20,21, 26~and 27.
-i5-The body rurther has a to~ surface 29 extendln~ per-pendicularly to e.~. the ridge 2~ and a bottom sur~ace 30 ex-tending par~el to said top surface 29. From the top surface 29 there pro~ect ~wo platellke lugs 31, 32. At the bottom surface two slits 33, 34 are provlded~ whereby sllt 34 is not shown. The location and shape o~ the p~te 31 correspond to the locatlon and shape of the sllt 33, and the location and shape of plate 32 correspond to the shape and locatlon o~ sllt 34. Accordlngly, when two such elements 18,19 are placed upon each other (whereby the actual number of elements placed upon each other is higher and depends from the depth of the trench~ such as indlcated in Flg. 6, which can be consldered an exploded vlew of a section of the concrete mold, plate 31 ls inserted into the slot 33 and plate 32 is inserted in slot 34.
Plate 3~ is provided with a through hole 35 and plate 32 is provided with a through hole 36, and, ~urthermore, the area of the body 18 tand 19) is provided at the area of slot 33 with a further through hole 37 and at the slot 34 with another through hole 38, ~ he through holes 35, 37 and 36, 38 are located at corresponding ~æ~t~o~ such that when the two elements 18, 19 are placed upon each other, a pin 39 can bè inserted through the through holes 35, 37 being in register with each other thus locking the two elements together. Obviously a further pin is provided ~or p~ate 32 and slot 34, which however is not shown in the drawing.
Each element comprises further holes or openlngs 40 for recelpt of plns or hooks Or a pulllng out machlne~known as such and thus not shown.
The bodles la, 19 are hollow steel bodles. They com-prlse malnly two shaped thlck steel plates, whereby one ste~l plate forms the rear maln slde surface 20 and half of each the secondary side surfaces 26, 27 until the longltudinal line 41. The other steel plate forms the front surface 21 integrally with ethe wedge 23 and the second half of the secondary side surfaces 26,27. These two plates are welded together along the line 41 which thus ls a welding seam 41. The body is thus com-pleted by welding further flat steel plates to the first men-tioned two steel plates, such th~t the top 29 and the bottom 30, the pro~ecting plates 31,32 and also the slots 33,34 are ob-tained.
The openlngs or through holes, respectively, are drilled at a suitable step during manufacture of the plates or bodies, respectiv~y.
In Fig. 7, which ls a sectlon similar to Fig. 1, there is shown the casting of the concrete 9 lnto the trench 1 filled with bentonite slurry 6, whereby the two steel molds 42 consist now of a number of coupled mold elements shown in Fig. 6, Referring now to Fig. 5, it has been mentioned earlier that in order to construct the trench section 1 use is made of a ~75GZ3 clamshell grab or other trenchlng equlpment, that the steel mold gets placed and finally the concrete cast lnto the trench 1 pushlng the bentonlte slurry 6 upwards.
In order to obtain now one wall element 9 featurlng a specific final length 43 it is obvious that a much longer length 44 of the trench must be excavated when uslng a clrcular steel mold according to the prior art compared with the reduced length 45 of a trench which can be constructed by using the molds according to the invention.
In Fig. 9, which is an enlarged end section of the section of the wall shown in Fig. 8, whereby the ~oint between two ad~acent cast wall sections is shown ln sectlon.
It is obvious, in comparison with the ~oint shown in Fig. 4, an effective key eapable of transmitting large lateral loads is obtained. Furthermore, the extent of the ~oint laterally is almost two times the iength obtainable by means of the prior art, such that an effectlve sealing off of ground water seepage is obtained.
In Figl 10 there is shown the end section of a wall element 9 after the steel mold has been retrleved and before the excess concrete 46 has been removed. There exists here a sharply defined line 47 unto which the excess concrete will be removed thus leaving at every ~oint a well defined form of the face of the wall segment 9.
The trian~ular shape of the pro~ectlon 23 an~ there-wlth obtalned ~oint as shown in Fig. 9 corresponds to the maxi-mum~ shear resistance obtalnable, taking the quallty and the homo-genelty of the concrete cast~under bentonlte slurry lnto consl-deratlon,~ Furthermore, ln case of lateral forces of dlfferent value acting on the ad~acent elements, the shear resistance can be increased by means Or adequate steel reinforcements shown ln Fig 13 lnstalled ln the wall elements, whereby the contour of the ~olnt allows placing of the ste~l bars at the ~oint itself ~hereby such bars can overlap at the ~oints, relatlve to the longltudlnal extenslon of the walls.
The thlckness of the inventlve mold ls very small ln comparlson with the circular plpe. It nevertheless wlll, due to its partlcular form, have a sufflclent rlgldlty such as to keep the aeflection of the mold due to concrete pressures wlthln acceptable llmlts. The rlgldlty of the form, due to said par-tlcular shape, ls comparable wlth the rlgidity of the circular plpe.
After pulllng out of the mold when one wall section is sufflciently hard, tsee Fig, 10), there exists at the face of the wall element 9 a void space 48 of such dimensions as to be an efficient gulde for the clamshell grab durlng excavation of the ad~acent wall element and to lmprove the progress of the ~075023 excavatlon. Moreover, due to the partlcular shape Or the race, an e~flclent gulde ror the clamshell grab ls provlded.
, Since many modlflcatlons, varlatlons and changes in detall may be made to the descrlbed embodlments, it i~ lntended that all matter contalned ln the~ or~g~ng~de~ ptiono~r~'sh-~n ln~the accompanylng drawlngs be interpreted as lllustratlve and 7 not ln a llmltlng sense.
Accordingly, Fig. 11 shows a ~olnt when uslng mold elements havlng a triangular wedgelike pro~ection about as shown in Fig. 6, to be used when medium lateral rorces are expected. ~ -.~ .
The basis 49 of the triangular pro~ection of an element following ln a form o~ the ~olnt as shown ln F~g. 12, i's~shortér than the one shown in Flg, 11, thus such ~oint is to be used when comparatively smail lateral ~orces are expected.
The basis 49 according to Fig. 13 is needed ~or large , lateral forces, in which case steel rein~orcementssa~e~u~d~n the wall segments and extending into the area of the ~oints.
Claims (7)
- The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:
l. In a metallic mold element having a prism shaped body for use in the production of vertical joints during in-situ construction of concrete diaphragm walls by means of the slurry trench method of construction according to which the concrete walls to be constructed are initially cast, wall section by wall section, into vertically excavated soil trenches which are open at the ground surface and extend in the lingitudinal direction of the wall to be constructed, the improvement wherein the surface of said prism shaped body against which concrete is molded has a triangularly shaped vertical projectionmeans formed thereon and spaced from the sides of the element to mold a vertical, trenching tool guide inthe end of the concrete wall section being cast, and the overall length of said metallic mold element extending in the wall direction being less than its width and the width of the diaphragm wall being constructed. - 2. In a metallic mold element having a prism shaped body for use in the production of vertical joints during in-situ construction of concrete diaphragm walls by means of the slurry trench method of construction according to which the concrete walls to be constructed are initially cast, wall section by wall section, into soil trenches which are open at the ground surface and extend in the longitudinal direction of the wall to be constructed, the improvement wherein said prism shaped body has an overall length extending in the longitudinal direction of the wall to he constructed which is less than it width and the width of the diaphragm wall being constructed and has a concrete molding surface comprising a pair of spaced coplanar surfaces which are transverse to the longitudinal axis for said wall and at least a pair of intersecting, non-co-planar surfaces forming a wedge shaped projection means on said concrete molding surface.
- 3. A metallic mold element for use in the production of vertical joints during in-situ construction of concrete diaphragm walls by means of the slurry trench method of construction according to which the concrete walls to be constructed are initially cast, wall section by wall section, in soil trenches which are open at the ground surface and whose walls extend in the longi-tudinal direction of the wall to be constructed, comprising a prism shaped body having parallel arranged side faces extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of she trench and spaced from each other, one of said side faces facing the portion of the trench to be filled with concrete and defining with the walls of the trench a mold form for the concrete to be poured to form a wall section, said one of said side faces against which the concrete is molded having at least one triangularly shaped vertical projection means formed thereon to form a wedge shaped indentation on the concrete molded surface, said side faces shaped and spaced from each other, with one of said side faces having said vertical projection means to mold a vertical trenching tool guide on the end of the concrete wall section cast, the prism shaped body having an overall dimension in the longitudinal direction of the trench less than its width and the width of the diaphragm wall being constructed.
- 4. The mold element as defined in claim 3, wherein at least one plate projects from a top surface of said prism-shaped body, said plate extending parallel to said parallel arranged side surfaces, and wherein the slot is provided at the base surface of said prism-shaped body, said slot being intended for receival of the plate of a further mold element.
- 5. The mold element as defined in claim 4, wherein said plate comprises a first through hole and said prism shaped body comprises a second through hole, said second through hole being located in the area of said slot, whereby both said through holes extend parallel to secondary side surfaces connecting said side faces and whereby in case of two mold elements placed upon each other the second through hole of the upper element is in alignment with the first through hole of the lower element, and wherein a pin is provided, said pin adapted to extend through said first and said second through holes connecting said two elements to each other.
- 6. The mold element as defined in claim 1, wherein two parallel extending plates are provided for connecting the mold element to another vertically arranged mold element.
- 7. The mold element as defined in claim 1, wherein said prism-shaped body is a hollow steel body.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH830077A CH614484A5 (en) | 1977-07-05 | 1977-07-05 | Metal formwork element for the formation of vertical joints during the construction of cast walls |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1075023A true CA1075023A (en) | 1980-04-08 |
Family
ID=4338189
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA291,242A Expired CA1075023A (en) | 1977-07-05 | 1977-11-18 | Metallic concrete mold element |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE860670A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1075023A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH614484A5 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK353177A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES463978A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2396850A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1590325A (en) |
| HK (1) | HK20883A (en) |
| LU (1) | LU78490A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX144906A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7712245A (en) |
| PT (1) | PT67147B (en) |
| SG (1) | SG58082G (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3035369C2 (en) * | 1980-09-19 | 1983-05-26 | Robert Ing.(grad.) 8011 Oberpframmern Pföderl | Method and formwork element for producing diaphragm walls |
| US4728226A (en) * | 1984-04-10 | 1988-03-01 | Finic, B.V. | Method and apparatus for forming reinforced concrete walls with continuous steel reinforcement |
| GB2192924B (en) * | 1984-04-10 | 1989-01-25 | Finic Bv | Apparatus for construction of underground reinforced concrete walls |
| GB201112136D0 (en) | 2011-07-14 | 2011-08-31 | Coupland John W | Diaphragm wall apparatus and methods |
| CN105350520B (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2017-06-16 | 西藏农牧学院 | Deep sand-gravel foundation reinforcing and the construction method of antiseepage |
| GB201706643D0 (en) | 2017-04-26 | 2017-06-07 | Ccmj Systems Ltd | Diaphragm walls |
| GB2571097B (en) | 2018-02-15 | 2021-08-25 | Ccmj Systems Ltd | Shear key former apparatus and method(s) |
| CN115198783B (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2023-09-08 | 中交第二航务工程局有限公司 | Construction control method of compartment type ground continuous wall anchorage foundation |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1925025A1 (en) * | 1969-05-16 | 1970-11-26 | Holzmann Philipp Ag | Prefabricated member for delimiting diaphragm wall sections |
| BE745509A (en) * | 1970-02-05 | 1970-07-16 | Frankignoul Pieux Armes | SCREEN GASKET FOR THE EXECUTION OF MOLDED WALLS IN THE SOIL, BY SUCCESSIVE PANELS, |
| GB1310393A (en) * | 1970-03-02 | 1973-03-21 | Morner J | Shuttering devices for use in casting diaphragm walls |
-
1977
- 1977-07-05 CH CH830077A patent/CH614484A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-08-08 DK DK353177A patent/DK353177A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-09-20 MX MX17062477A patent/MX144906A/en unknown
- 1977-10-12 PT PT6714777A patent/PT67147B/en unknown
- 1977-11-07 NL NL7712245A patent/NL7712245A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-11-08 FR FR7733499A patent/FR2396850A1/en active Granted
- 1977-11-08 ES ES463978A patent/ES463978A1/en not_active Expired
- 1977-11-09 BE BE182505A patent/BE860670A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-11-10 LU LU78490A patent/LU78490A1/xx unknown
- 1977-11-17 GB GB4791277A patent/GB1590325A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-11-18 CA CA291,242A patent/CA1075023A/en not_active Expired
-
1982
- 1982-11-10 SG SG58082A patent/SG58082G/en unknown
-
1983
- 1983-06-23 HK HK20883A patent/HK20883A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2396850A1 (en) | 1979-02-02 |
| PT67147A (en) | 1977-11-01 |
| SG58082G (en) | 1983-09-02 |
| ES463978A1 (en) | 1978-08-01 |
| PT67147B (en) | 1979-03-19 |
| DK353177A (en) | 1979-01-06 |
| MX144906A (en) | 1981-12-02 |
| GB1590325A (en) | 1981-05-28 |
| FR2396850B1 (en) | 1982-10-15 |
| BE860670A (en) | 1978-03-01 |
| LU78490A1 (en) | 1978-03-14 |
| NL7712245A (en) | 1979-01-09 |
| HK20883A (en) | 1983-07-01 |
| CH614484A5 (en) | 1979-11-30 |
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