CA1074348A - Bumper spring - Google Patents
Bumper springInfo
- Publication number
- CA1074348A CA1074348A CA274,922A CA274922A CA1074348A CA 1074348 A CA1074348 A CA 1074348A CA 274922 A CA274922 A CA 274922A CA 1074348 A CA1074348 A CA 1074348A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- fiber
- bumper
- spring
- spring member
- set forth
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
- B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
- B60R19/24—Arrangements for mounting bumpers on vehicles
- B60R19/26—Arrangements for mounting bumpers on vehicles comprising yieldable mounting means
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Springs (AREA)
- Vibration Dampers (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure A vehicle bumper spring for absorbing energy resulting from impact forces, connected between the main frame and the bumper of the vehicle, comprises a laminated thermoset plastic composite cylindrical element reinforced with continuous fiber. Upon impact, the bumper spring deforms and then restores to its original condition after the impact.
Description
~074348 Attenuating devices for bumpers have taken a wide variety of different forms. Some such devices have involved piston-cylinder arrangements using flowable liquids. Other devices have included collapsible members and resilient members which collapse upon impact and then restore to their original shapes after the impact but without absorbing energy during the collapsing.
In recent years much emphasis has been placed on the development of bumpers capable of withstanding a five mile per hour impact without damaging the car. In the main, devices to accomplish this have been relatively heavy, expensive to manu-facture, or otherwise unsuitable for mass production.
Various leaf spring devices for automobiles including resin impregnated fiber glass are described in a United States patent to Rosen 3,142,598. Some structures useful in elastically storing large amounts of energy using glass in plastic tape have also been used. One such device used as a torsional spring is described in a United States patent to Setz 2,812,936.
It is an object of this invention to provide an im-proved bumper spring vehicle capable of deforming under impact forces and restoring to its original condition after the impact.
It is a further object of this invention to provide an improved bumper spring for vehicles which is relatively light in weight, capable of deforming under impact forces and restoring its original shape when the impact forces are removed.
It is still a further object of this invention to pro-vide a relatively low cost and low weight vehicle bumper for receiving impact forces and restoring its original shape when the impacts are removed.
In accordance with the present invention, there is -1- ~ ~
~ o~4348 provided a substantially cylindrical spring member adapted to be connected between a vehicle main body and a bumper, having its axis disposed substantially parallel to the transverse vertical planes of said main body and bumper, said spring member compris-ing a laminated thermoset resilient plastic composite material reinforced with continuous fiber, said fiber being oriented in a substantially circumferential direction within said spring member, said cylindrical spring member being rigid in the absence of impact forces and being capable of deforming when subjected to high impact forces and restoring its original shape after said impact forces.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent and suggest themselves to those skilled in the art, from a reading of the following specification and claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, in which:
Figure 1 is a partial view of an au-tomobile having a bumper and spring embodying the present invention;
Figure 2 is an exploded view illustrating the details of the spring mounting arrangement shown towards the left on Figure l;
Figure 3 illustrates the operation of the spring of the present invention under impact conditions;
Figure 4 illustrates another embodiment of a spring in accordance with the present invention;
Figure 5 illustrates one method of making a bumper spring, in accordance with the present invention, and Figure 6 is a spring similar to the one illustrated in Figure 4, shown partly in cross section.
Referring to Figure 1, 2 and 3 of the drawing, a bumper 10 is attached to a frame 12 of a vehicle 12. ~he frame ~ - 2 -12 includes a pair of mounting members 14 and 16. A pair of sub-stantially cylindrical bumper springs 18 having flat portions 19 and 21, of the type embodying the present invention, is secured to the mounting members and adapted to receive the bumper 10.
The mounting member 14 includes a front plate 20. An element 22, flat on one side and arcuately shaped on the other side to conform to the inner diameter shape of the bumper spring 18, is adapted to fit into the bumper spring 18. While any suitable means may be employed to secure the bumper spring 18 to the mounting member 14, in the embodiment illustrated, a bolt 24 is passed through apertures in the element 22 and front plate 20 and held in place by a nut 26. A bottom bolt and nut, not illustrated, may be passed through the lower apertures to secure the bottom portion of the bumper spring - 2a -1~743~8 18 to the plate 20.
In samewhat similar manner the front portion of the spring memker 18 is secured to bumper 10. An element 30, similar to the element 22, is disposed to be fitted inside the bumper spring 18 in the manner illustrated.
A bolt 32 is connected through apertures in the bumper 10, bumper spring 18 and element 30. The bolt 32 is held m pla oe by means of a nut 34~ The bottom apertures of the various elements may be oonnected in a sLmilar manner.
The axis of the bumper spring 18 is illustrated as ~eing vertical, which is the preferred position. It may also be disposed horizontally or different positions thereketween. Generally, while the axis of the bumper spring 18 may be substantially rarallel to the vertical transverse planes of the vehicle kody and bumper spring, it cannot be at right angles to such planes or extend generally parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle bcdy.
The bumper spring 18 is illustrated as being circular. However, in some cases, it may be slightly elliptical. The precise shape is dependent upon the degree of stiffness requir~d. It is understood that, when used in the specification and claim, the term cylindrical includes elliptical, oval, and ovals having some flat portion between the curved portions, as well as circular spring elements.
The bumper spring 18, in a preferred emkodiment of the present inven-tion, c~prises a fiber glass reinforced polyester laminated cylindrical struc-ture. As will be illustrated in connection with Figure 5, the bumper spring may be made by winding fiber impregnated with resin on a mandrel and forming layers of material until the proper thickness is achieved. The spring 18, after formation, oomprises a relatively stiff structure capable of supporting mechanical loads, such as the metal bumper 10. The bumper spring 18 is rela-tively light in weight, in the order of two pounds as co~pared to four pounds for the piston ~ype spring, and may be manufactured relatively inexpensively, for almost half the cost of the piston type spring. Despite its relative iO743~8 rigidity, the bumper spring has some surprising characteristics when subjec-ted to forces of short duration, such as occur during sudden impacts.
In experimenting with different spring structures constructed in ac-cordance with the present invention, it was found that when subjected to sta-tic testing, the spring structureJ after deforming, started to delaminate thereby destroying its usefulness of the spring.
In experimenting further, however, it was found, that when the spring was subjected to dynamic testing, sudden short duration impact forces did not cause the delamination even when the load forces applied greatly ex-ceeded the forces causing delamination when applied under static load testing.
Under dynamic testing, the spring regained its original shape after removal of the applied force.
Referring particularly to Figure 3, reference numeral 18A represents the spring 18 prior to any impact load. Upon impact, the spring will deform into a condition illustrated by reference numeral 18B, Upon removal of the impact load, the spring will restore to its original shape and condition as illustrated by the reference numeral 18A.
In one embodi~ent, where the outside diameter of the spring 18 was six inches, the inside diameter was five inches and the length was four inches, the spring deformed as much as two inches with respect to its outside diameter ant still sprung back to its original shape. The thickness and shape of spring may be modified to cause the spring to deform up to two inches upon impact for-ces such as would occur at impacts up to 5 MPH.
~uring experimental tes~ing, the spring 18 exhibited highly unexpec-ted results. For example, the load applied to the spring could result in de-formation of the top portion and not the bottom with the spring still resuming its original shape upon remoYal of the impact load. Likewise, the impact load could be applied in various longitudinal different directions with the spring still resuming its original shape.
The spring 18 provides sufficient rigidity to permit mounting of 1074~4~
relatively heavy bumpers. At the s~me time, their required resiliency of the material is inherent in the rein~orced plastic used.
It is apparent that the various sizes and dimensions may be very de-pendent upon the impact load to be absorbed. The present bumper was designed primarily to absorb impacts up to 5 MPH for a 2,700 pound vehicle and conse-quently it was made relatiYely small in size. The relatively small size and material used makes it possible to provide a small light, inexpensive bumper capable of meeting many of the government's standards requiring protection against low impacts up to 5 MPH. A bumper spring of the type described would not withstand impact forces greater than 25,000 pounds.
Referring to Pigure 4, the basic spring is substantially the same as the spring 18 except that the spring 36 has a thickened end portions 38 and 40. The extended end portions provide additional strength at the mounting places and may be shaped to fit into the particular bumper involved.
The resins employed to ~ake the spring 18 may include one of a num-ber of thermoset resins such as unsaturated polyesters, epoxies, vinyl esters or thermoset acrylics, for example. The fibers may comprise continuous fiber glass strands. In some cases the strands may comprise carbon fiber polyamide fiber. Various combinations of different fibers may be desirable. The fiber is saturated with liquid resin prior to being wound on a rotating mandrel in a pattern which maintains the glass fiber in substantially the same direction as is wound on the mandrel.
Referring to Pigure 5, a method of forming the bumper spring of the subject invention eomprises the steps of unwinding strands of fiber 42 under tension from ~ spool 44 in~o a bath of liquid resin material 46.
The fiber 42, saturated with the re~in 46, is passed through an aperture in a trans~ersing mechanism 48 on to a rotating mandrel 50. The mechanism 48 includes means, not illustrated, for winding the resin saturated fiber in on the mandrel in a predetermined pattern. Such means are well known to those skilled in the art and, therefore, not illustrated in detail. The 1~74348 mandrel 50 may be driven by a conventional motor 52.
It is understood that the mechanism 48 may be controlled to be vari-able in speed, wind greater amounts of fiber on selected portions of the man-drel to obtain the thicker end portions of the bumper spring 18. Also, rela-tively long cylindrical members may be wound on the mandrel which may be cut into shorter elements to put on a vehicle. All of these steps are well known in the art and not described in detail, because they are only incidentally related to the subject invention.
After the spring members are formed, they may be placed in an oven 54 and cured at the required temperature. The curing operation may be accom-plished by methods other than that illustrated. Figure 6 illustrates the strands of fiber 56 after the resin has cured. The strands are not randomly wound, but rather follow a definite pattern generally in the same general cir-cumferential directions. The fiber occupies between 35 and 70 percent by volume of the total volume of the spring member. If less than 35 percent is used, the resulting spring will lack the rigidity necessary to support mecha-nical elements. If too much ~iber is used, there will not be enough resin b~tween the fiber strands to obtain the flexibility required to absorb energy during the application of impact forces.
Having the fibers wound in the direction illustrated, rather than randomly, assures relative uniformity of strength throughout the formed spring element. This avoids undue s~ress build-ups in certain areas of the spring which would tend to cause the spring to break down under high load conditions.
The thermoset resin should have a certain amount of inherent resili-ence so that upon impact, the glass fibers may be moved closed to adjacent fibers and spring back after removal of the impact. The elongation properties of the resin should not be less than one and one half percent or greater than 20 percent. The precise a~ount of resiliency required is dependent upon the geometry of the spring and load requirements.
In recent years much emphasis has been placed on the development of bumpers capable of withstanding a five mile per hour impact without damaging the car. In the main, devices to accomplish this have been relatively heavy, expensive to manu-facture, or otherwise unsuitable for mass production.
Various leaf spring devices for automobiles including resin impregnated fiber glass are described in a United States patent to Rosen 3,142,598. Some structures useful in elastically storing large amounts of energy using glass in plastic tape have also been used. One such device used as a torsional spring is described in a United States patent to Setz 2,812,936.
It is an object of this invention to provide an im-proved bumper spring vehicle capable of deforming under impact forces and restoring to its original condition after the impact.
It is a further object of this invention to provide an improved bumper spring for vehicles which is relatively light in weight, capable of deforming under impact forces and restoring its original shape when the impact forces are removed.
It is still a further object of this invention to pro-vide a relatively low cost and low weight vehicle bumper for receiving impact forces and restoring its original shape when the impacts are removed.
In accordance with the present invention, there is -1- ~ ~
~ o~4348 provided a substantially cylindrical spring member adapted to be connected between a vehicle main body and a bumper, having its axis disposed substantially parallel to the transverse vertical planes of said main body and bumper, said spring member compris-ing a laminated thermoset resilient plastic composite material reinforced with continuous fiber, said fiber being oriented in a substantially circumferential direction within said spring member, said cylindrical spring member being rigid in the absence of impact forces and being capable of deforming when subjected to high impact forces and restoring its original shape after said impact forces.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent and suggest themselves to those skilled in the art, from a reading of the following specification and claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, in which:
Figure 1 is a partial view of an au-tomobile having a bumper and spring embodying the present invention;
Figure 2 is an exploded view illustrating the details of the spring mounting arrangement shown towards the left on Figure l;
Figure 3 illustrates the operation of the spring of the present invention under impact conditions;
Figure 4 illustrates another embodiment of a spring in accordance with the present invention;
Figure 5 illustrates one method of making a bumper spring, in accordance with the present invention, and Figure 6 is a spring similar to the one illustrated in Figure 4, shown partly in cross section.
Referring to Figure 1, 2 and 3 of the drawing, a bumper 10 is attached to a frame 12 of a vehicle 12. ~he frame ~ - 2 -12 includes a pair of mounting members 14 and 16. A pair of sub-stantially cylindrical bumper springs 18 having flat portions 19 and 21, of the type embodying the present invention, is secured to the mounting members and adapted to receive the bumper 10.
The mounting member 14 includes a front plate 20. An element 22, flat on one side and arcuately shaped on the other side to conform to the inner diameter shape of the bumper spring 18, is adapted to fit into the bumper spring 18. While any suitable means may be employed to secure the bumper spring 18 to the mounting member 14, in the embodiment illustrated, a bolt 24 is passed through apertures in the element 22 and front plate 20 and held in place by a nut 26. A bottom bolt and nut, not illustrated, may be passed through the lower apertures to secure the bottom portion of the bumper spring - 2a -1~743~8 18 to the plate 20.
In samewhat similar manner the front portion of the spring memker 18 is secured to bumper 10. An element 30, similar to the element 22, is disposed to be fitted inside the bumper spring 18 in the manner illustrated.
A bolt 32 is connected through apertures in the bumper 10, bumper spring 18 and element 30. The bolt 32 is held m pla oe by means of a nut 34~ The bottom apertures of the various elements may be oonnected in a sLmilar manner.
The axis of the bumper spring 18 is illustrated as ~eing vertical, which is the preferred position. It may also be disposed horizontally or different positions thereketween. Generally, while the axis of the bumper spring 18 may be substantially rarallel to the vertical transverse planes of the vehicle kody and bumper spring, it cannot be at right angles to such planes or extend generally parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle bcdy.
The bumper spring 18 is illustrated as being circular. However, in some cases, it may be slightly elliptical. The precise shape is dependent upon the degree of stiffness requir~d. It is understood that, when used in the specification and claim, the term cylindrical includes elliptical, oval, and ovals having some flat portion between the curved portions, as well as circular spring elements.
The bumper spring 18, in a preferred emkodiment of the present inven-tion, c~prises a fiber glass reinforced polyester laminated cylindrical struc-ture. As will be illustrated in connection with Figure 5, the bumper spring may be made by winding fiber impregnated with resin on a mandrel and forming layers of material until the proper thickness is achieved. The spring 18, after formation, oomprises a relatively stiff structure capable of supporting mechanical loads, such as the metal bumper 10. The bumper spring 18 is rela-tively light in weight, in the order of two pounds as co~pared to four pounds for the piston ~ype spring, and may be manufactured relatively inexpensively, for almost half the cost of the piston type spring. Despite its relative iO743~8 rigidity, the bumper spring has some surprising characteristics when subjec-ted to forces of short duration, such as occur during sudden impacts.
In experimenting with different spring structures constructed in ac-cordance with the present invention, it was found that when subjected to sta-tic testing, the spring structureJ after deforming, started to delaminate thereby destroying its usefulness of the spring.
In experimenting further, however, it was found, that when the spring was subjected to dynamic testing, sudden short duration impact forces did not cause the delamination even when the load forces applied greatly ex-ceeded the forces causing delamination when applied under static load testing.
Under dynamic testing, the spring regained its original shape after removal of the applied force.
Referring particularly to Figure 3, reference numeral 18A represents the spring 18 prior to any impact load. Upon impact, the spring will deform into a condition illustrated by reference numeral 18B, Upon removal of the impact load, the spring will restore to its original shape and condition as illustrated by the reference numeral 18A.
In one embodi~ent, where the outside diameter of the spring 18 was six inches, the inside diameter was five inches and the length was four inches, the spring deformed as much as two inches with respect to its outside diameter ant still sprung back to its original shape. The thickness and shape of spring may be modified to cause the spring to deform up to two inches upon impact for-ces such as would occur at impacts up to 5 MPH.
~uring experimental tes~ing, the spring 18 exhibited highly unexpec-ted results. For example, the load applied to the spring could result in de-formation of the top portion and not the bottom with the spring still resuming its original shape upon remoYal of the impact load. Likewise, the impact load could be applied in various longitudinal different directions with the spring still resuming its original shape.
The spring 18 provides sufficient rigidity to permit mounting of 1074~4~
relatively heavy bumpers. At the s~me time, their required resiliency of the material is inherent in the rein~orced plastic used.
It is apparent that the various sizes and dimensions may be very de-pendent upon the impact load to be absorbed. The present bumper was designed primarily to absorb impacts up to 5 MPH for a 2,700 pound vehicle and conse-quently it was made relatiYely small in size. The relatively small size and material used makes it possible to provide a small light, inexpensive bumper capable of meeting many of the government's standards requiring protection against low impacts up to 5 MPH. A bumper spring of the type described would not withstand impact forces greater than 25,000 pounds.
Referring to Pigure 4, the basic spring is substantially the same as the spring 18 except that the spring 36 has a thickened end portions 38 and 40. The extended end portions provide additional strength at the mounting places and may be shaped to fit into the particular bumper involved.
The resins employed to ~ake the spring 18 may include one of a num-ber of thermoset resins such as unsaturated polyesters, epoxies, vinyl esters or thermoset acrylics, for example. The fibers may comprise continuous fiber glass strands. In some cases the strands may comprise carbon fiber polyamide fiber. Various combinations of different fibers may be desirable. The fiber is saturated with liquid resin prior to being wound on a rotating mandrel in a pattern which maintains the glass fiber in substantially the same direction as is wound on the mandrel.
Referring to Pigure 5, a method of forming the bumper spring of the subject invention eomprises the steps of unwinding strands of fiber 42 under tension from ~ spool 44 in~o a bath of liquid resin material 46.
The fiber 42, saturated with the re~in 46, is passed through an aperture in a trans~ersing mechanism 48 on to a rotating mandrel 50. The mechanism 48 includes means, not illustrated, for winding the resin saturated fiber in on the mandrel in a predetermined pattern. Such means are well known to those skilled in the art and, therefore, not illustrated in detail. The 1~74348 mandrel 50 may be driven by a conventional motor 52.
It is understood that the mechanism 48 may be controlled to be vari-able in speed, wind greater amounts of fiber on selected portions of the man-drel to obtain the thicker end portions of the bumper spring 18. Also, rela-tively long cylindrical members may be wound on the mandrel which may be cut into shorter elements to put on a vehicle. All of these steps are well known in the art and not described in detail, because they are only incidentally related to the subject invention.
After the spring members are formed, they may be placed in an oven 54 and cured at the required temperature. The curing operation may be accom-plished by methods other than that illustrated. Figure 6 illustrates the strands of fiber 56 after the resin has cured. The strands are not randomly wound, but rather follow a definite pattern generally in the same general cir-cumferential directions. The fiber occupies between 35 and 70 percent by volume of the total volume of the spring member. If less than 35 percent is used, the resulting spring will lack the rigidity necessary to support mecha-nical elements. If too much ~iber is used, there will not be enough resin b~tween the fiber strands to obtain the flexibility required to absorb energy during the application of impact forces.
Having the fibers wound in the direction illustrated, rather than randomly, assures relative uniformity of strength throughout the formed spring element. This avoids undue s~ress build-ups in certain areas of the spring which would tend to cause the spring to break down under high load conditions.
The thermoset resin should have a certain amount of inherent resili-ence so that upon impact, the glass fibers may be moved closed to adjacent fibers and spring back after removal of the impact. The elongation properties of the resin should not be less than one and one half percent or greater than 20 percent. The precise a~ount of resiliency required is dependent upon the geometry of the spring and load requirements.
Claims (16)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A spring member for use with a vehicle bumper comprising a substan-tially cylindrical member having a stiffness capable of mechanically support-ing a vehicle bumper without deforming, said cylindrical member being capable of deforming when subjected to relatively high impact forces and restoring to its original shape after the impact forces, said cylindrical member comprising a laminated thermoset plastic composite material reinforced with continuous fiber, and said fiber being oriented in a substantially circumferential direc-tion throughout said cylinder member and being between 35 and 70 percent by volume of the total volume of said cylindrical member, said cylindrical member deforming when subjected to impact forces and restoring to its original shape after the removal of said forces.
2. A spring member as set forth in Claim 1 wherein said fiber comprises glass.
3. A spring member as set forth in Claim 2 wherein said thermoset com-posite material comprises unsaturated polyester.
4. A spring member as set forth in Claim 3 wherein said polyester has an elongation characteristic of not less than one and one half percent and not more than 20 percent.
5. A spring member as set forth in Claim 1 wherein said fiber comprises carbon.
6. A spring member as set forth in Claim 1 wherein said fiber comprises polyamide fiber.
7. A spring member as set forth in Claim 1 wherein said thermoset com-posite material comprises unsaturated polyester.
8. A spring member as set forth in Claim 1 wherein said thermoset com-posite material comprises epoxy.
9. A spring member as set forth in Claim 1 wherein said thermoset com-posite material comprises vinyl ester.
10. A spring member as set forth in Claim 1 wherein said thermoset com-posite material comprises thermoset acrylic.
11. In combination with a vehicle having a main body and bumper, a sub-stantially cylindrical spring member connected between said main body and said bumper having its axis disposed substantially parallel to the transverse ver-tical planes of said main body and bumper, said spring member comprising a laminated thermoset resilient plastic composite material reinforced with con-tinuous fiber, said fiber being oriented in a substantially circumferential direction within said spring member, said cylindrical spring member being ri-gid in the absence of impact forces and being capable of deforming when sub-jected to high impact forces and restoring its original shape after said im-pact forces.
12. The combination as set forth in Claim 11 wherein said cylindrical spring member is disposed with its axis in a vertical direction between said main body and bumper.
13. The combination as set forth in Claim 12 wherein said fiber comprises glass fiber and said thermoset composite material comprises polyester.
14. The combination as set forth in Claim 13 wherein said fiber is bet-ween 35 and 70 percent by volume of the total volume of said spring member.
15. An elastic member for use with a vehicle bumper comprising a non-compressible member having a stiffness capable of mechanically supporting a vehicle bumper without deforming, said member being capable of deforming when subjected to relatively high impact forces and restoring to its original shape after the impact forces, said member comprising a laminated thermoset plastic composite material reinforced with continuous fiber, said fiber being oriented throughout said member in a substantially parallel direction to the maximum force to be exerted on said member, and said fiber further being 35 and 70 per-cent by volume of the total volume of said member, said member deforming when subjected to impact forces and restoring to its original shape after the removal of said forces.
16. In combination with a vehicle having a main body and bumper, a noncompressible, elastic member connected between said main body and said bumper, said member having an axis extending longitudinally of said member, said member being noncompressible by forces applied parallel to said longitudinal axis and yieldably elastic to forces applied normal to said longitudinal axis, said member comprising a laminated thermoset resilient plastic compo-site material reinforced with continuous fiber, said fiber being oriented throughout said member in a substantially parallel direction to the maximum force to be exerted on said member, said member being rigid in the absence of impact forces and being capable of deforming when subjected to high impact forces and restoring its original shape after said impact forces.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US67190876A | 1976-03-29 | 1976-03-29 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1074348A true CA1074348A (en) | 1980-03-25 |
Family
ID=24696372
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA274,922A Expired CA1074348A (en) | 1976-03-29 | 1977-03-28 | Bumper spring |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS532836A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2373577A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7701922A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1074348A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2712762A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES457117A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2346188A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1575840A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1073157B (en) |
| MX (1) | MX145674A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7703150L (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4196926A (en) * | 1978-02-27 | 1980-04-08 | The Budd Company | Energy attenuator and method of manufacturing thereof |
| BE897066A (en) * | 1983-06-16 | 1983-10-17 | Staar Sa | DEVICE FOR REMOVING A READING AND / OR RECORDING APPARATUS FROM THE INFLUENCE OF MECHANICAL STRESSES |
| GB8322114D0 (en) * | 1983-08-17 | 1983-09-21 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Twist beam |
| DE3626150A1 (en) * | 1986-08-01 | 1988-02-18 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Bumper for motor vehicles, especially cars |
| GB8623292D0 (en) * | 1986-09-27 | 1986-10-29 | Connor N | Vehicle bumper |
| DE4004725A1 (en) * | 1990-02-15 | 1991-08-22 | Elastogran Kunststoff Technik | DEVICE FOR CONNECTING A BUMPER TO A VEHICLE LENGTH SUPPORT |
| JP2552450Y2 (en) * | 1991-04-08 | 1997-10-29 | 株式会社豊田自動織機製作所 | Energy absorbing material |
| FR2763547A1 (en) * | 1997-05-23 | 1998-11-27 | Plastic Omnium Cie | BUMPER WITH LOCAL ABSORBER |
| DE19732064C2 (en) * | 1997-07-25 | 2001-03-08 | Audi Ag | Deformation element |
| GB2360564B (en) * | 2000-03-25 | 2002-05-22 | Hunting Eng Ltd | Damped coupling device |
| ES2423296T3 (en) | 2005-12-02 | 2013-09-19 | Irobot Corporation | Modular robot |
| RU2555871C1 (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2015-07-10 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Московский государственный машиностроительный университет (МАМИ)" | Impact protection device of vehicle with passive damping system |
| JP6373930B2 (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2018-08-15 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Autonomous vehicle |
| RU175120U1 (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2017-11-21 | Федеральное Государственное Казенное Военное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Образования Военный Учебно-Научный Центр Сухопутных Войск "Общевойсковая Академия Вооруженных Сил Российской Федерации" | Crashbox of a vehicle with an oval base and in the shape of a catenoid |
-
1977
- 1977-03-17 GB GB1142877A patent/GB1575840A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-03-18 SE SE7703150A patent/SE7703150L/en unknown
- 1977-03-23 DE DE19772712762 patent/DE2712762A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1977-03-23 ES ES457117A patent/ES457117A1/en not_active Expired
- 1977-03-28 IT IT4868777A patent/IT1073157B/en active
- 1977-03-28 MX MX16852777A patent/MX145674A/en unknown
- 1977-03-28 CA CA274,922A patent/CA1074348A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-03-28 FR FR7709233A patent/FR2346188A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1977-03-28 BR BR7701922A patent/BR7701922A/en unknown
- 1977-03-29 JP JP3514977A patent/JPS532836A/en active Pending
- 1977-03-29 AU AU23735/77A patent/AU2373577A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2346188A1 (en) | 1977-10-28 |
| BR7701922A (en) | 1978-01-17 |
| SE7703150L (en) | 1977-09-30 |
| AU2373577A (en) | 1978-10-05 |
| DE2712762A1 (en) | 1977-10-06 |
| IT1073157B (en) | 1985-04-13 |
| MX145674A (en) | 1982-03-19 |
| JPS532836A (en) | 1978-01-12 |
| GB1575840A (en) | 1980-10-01 |
| ES457117A1 (en) | 1978-08-16 |
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